facade

Abstract

Facade (1) for arrangement on an exterior wall (2) of a building (3), comprising: an insulating layer for thermal insulation, characterized by: a fire protection layer to increase the fire resistance of the building (3), wherein the fire protection layer comprises at least one fire protection board (5A) containing magnesium silicate, preferably talc, wherein the insulating layer comprises at least one insulating board (4) with foam insulating material, preferably made of polystyrene.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a facade for external arrangement on an exterior wall of a building, wherein the facade has an insulating layer for thermal insulation.

[0002] In many countries, including Austria, fire safety requirements have been tightened in recent years. This primarily affects taller buildings with a height of at least 26 m but no more than 35 m, which are colloquially referred to as "small high-rises" in Vienna, for example. The fire safety regulations for these "small high-rises," whose escape levels can range between 22 and 32 m, are standardized in OIB Guideline 2.3 (OIB-330.2-032 / 23). To meet the fire safety requirements for such buildings, state-of-the-art technology employs a facade system that uses mineral wool as insulation. Mineral wool insulation boards are mounted to the building's exterior wall, typically glued and secured with anchors. The facade side of the mineral wool insulation board is then reinforced and plastered.

[0003] Mineral wool exhibits excellent fire-resistant properties, making this type of facade suitable for taller buildings, including the aforementioned "small high-rises," from a fire safety perspective. However, the comparatively high thermal conductivity of the insulation is a disadvantage, requiring, for example, 16 to 18 cm of mineral wool insulation to achieve a specified level of thermal insulation. This, unfortunately, significantly increases the wall thickness of the facade. Since the building's footprint is predetermined by the development plan, the increased wall thickness reduces the net usable floor space available. Furthermore, mineral wool insulation panels are susceptible to damage from storms, such as branches striking the facade, woodpeckers nesting in the building, or vandalism.

[0004] It is therefore the object of the invention to at least mitigate or eliminate some of the disadvantages of the prior art. The invention preferably aims to create a facade for a building with improved space utilization without compromising fire protection.

[0005] This problem is solved by a facade according to claim 1 and a building according to claim 12. Preferred embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims.

[0006] According to the invention, the facade has a fire-resistant layer to increase the fire resistance of the building. The fire-resistant layer comprises at least one fire-resistant board containing magnesium silicate, preferably talc. The insulation layer comprises at least one insulation board with foam insulation material, preferably polystyrene.

[0007] For the purposes of this disclosure, location and direction terms such as "above", "below", "vertical", and "horizontal" refer to the intended installation state of the facade on the exterior wall of the building. In particular, the location term "building surroundings" refers to the space extending horizontally from the facade.

[0008] Due to their flammability, foam insulation materials pose a risk of fire spread in the event of a fire, meaning that a fire could spread along the exterior walls of the building and to neighboring buildings. Therefore, foam insulation materials have so far not been considered suitable for use as a replacement for mineral wool on the exterior walls of taller buildings, especially those exceeding 26 meters in height.

[0009] In contrast, the invention offers the advantage that, in the event of a fire, the insulation layer is shielded from the flames by the magnesium silicate fire protection board. The insulation layer is therefore protected from ignition by the magnesium silicate fire protection board. This makes it possible to use a foam insulation material. The foam insulation material, preferably polystyrene, has significantly poorer fire protection properties than mineral wool, so that until now, foam insulation could not be used for building facades, especially for buildings with a height of at least 26 meters (m). The invention is based on the fact that the magnesium silicate fire protection board increases the fire resistance of the facade to such an extent that the foam insulation material can be used without compromising fire protection.The foam insulation material now offers improved thermal insulation, allowing the same level of insulation to be achieved with a thinner layer than mineral wool. This enables a reduced wall thickness for the facade compared to current technologies, while maintaining equivalent thermal insulation and fire protection. Foam insulation materials liquefy when heated to high temperatures, meaning that a facade without a fire-resistant layer could be destroyed in a fire, potentially hindering access to and rescue from the building, particularly through windows and doors. It is advantageous if the magnesium silicate fire-resistant board prevents liquefied components of the insulation from escaping into the surrounding environment during a fire. Ideally, the facade is designed, once installed, to collect any liquefied insulation components between the fire-resistant layer and the building's exterior wall in the event of a fire.

[0010] The magnesium silicate fire protection board is preferably designed to be so stable that, in the installed state, the facade remains essentially dimensionally stable on the exterior wall of the building, even if the insulation layer is at least partially liquefied.

[0011] The insulation board is flame-retardant, preferably non-flammable.

[0012] Preferably, the fire-resistant board has a gross heat of combustion of -0.3 to 0 MJ / kg, particularly preferably essentially -0.24 MJ / kg. Preferably, the mass loss of the fire-resistant board when placed in an oven preheated to essentially 750°C for 60 minutes is 30 to 40%, preferably essentially 38.5%.

[0013] Preferably, the fire-resistant board is essentially waterproof. Preferably, the fire-resistant board is essentially acid-resistant. It is advantageous if the fire-resistant board can be cut to size, for example with a jigsaw. An advantage over the prior art is that the fire-resistant board is resistant to external damage.

[0014] Preferably, the insulation board contains expanded polystyrene foam as the foam insulation material.

[0015] Preferably, foam constitutes a weight fraction of the insulation board of at least 80%, particularly preferably 92-98%.

[0016] The insulating board preferably contains graphite. The comparatively low density of the graphite-modified foam is advantageous.

[0017] Preferably, the fire-resistant board has an outer flat side and an inner flat side opposite the outer flat side. Preferably, the fire-resistant board has at least one end face perpendicular to the flat sides.

[0018] Preferably, the insulation board has an outer flat side and an inner flat side opposite the outer flat side. Preferably, when the facade is installed, the inner flat side of the insulation board is designed to face the exterior wall of the building. Preferably, the fire protection board has at least one end face perpendicular to the flat sides of the fire protection board.

[0019] Regarding the stability of the facade, it is advantageous if the fire protection board contains cement. Preferably, the fire protection board contains high-strength cement.

[0020] Furthermore, the fire protection board can contain insulating particles, preferably foam insulating particles. The insulating particles preferably contain polystyrene, particularly expanded polystyrene (EPS). The insulating particles are preferably in the form of insulating granules. The insulating particles are preferably substantially spherical. The insulating particles are preferably distributed substantially uniformly over the cross-section of the fire protection board.

[0021] Regarding the stability of the facade, it is advantageous if the fire-resistant board is reinforced with a reinforcing material, preferably fiberglass. Alternatively, the reinforcing material is an organic material, particularly preferably nonwoven fabric, and / or a metal. Preferably, the reinforcing material is in the form of a woven fabric. Alternatively, the reinforcing material is in the form of a mesh and / or grid. Preferably, the reinforcing material covers the outer flat surface and / or the inner flat surface of the fire-resistant board.

[0022] Alternatively, the structure of the fire protection board is homogeneous along its cross-section, i.e., not formed by a layered structure.

[0023] Preferably, the fire protection board has a board weight of 10 to 30 kg / m², for example 12 to 18 kg / m², preferably substantially 15 kg / m². Preferably, cement constitutes a proportion of the board weight of the fire protection board of 25 to 75%, for example 30 to 60%, preferably 35 to 55%. Preferably, insulation material constitutes a proportion of the board weight of the fire protection board of up to 10%, for example 0.5 to 5%, preferably 1.5 to 3.5%. Preferably, water constitutes a proportion of the board weight of the fire protection board of 5 to 25%, for example 8 to 20%, preferably 10 to 15%. Preferably, the reinforcing material constitutes a proportion of the board weight of the fire protection board of up to 10%, for example up to 5%, preferably up to 2%.

[0024] Preferably, the fire protection board has a density of 0.5 to 2 g / cm³, for example 0.75 to 1.2 g / cm³, preferably substantially 0.95 g / cm³. Preferably, the insulation board has a density of 5 to 30 kg / m³, for example 10 to 25 kg / m³, preferably 17 to 20 kg / m³. Preferably, the fire protection board has a flexural strength of 7 MPa to 10 MPa, 8 MPa to 9 MPa, preferably substantially 8.5 MPa.

[0025] With regard to the facade, it is advantageous if the fire protection board has a thickness of 0.5 to 4 cm, preferably substantially 1.2 cm, and / or if the insulation board has a thickness of 5 to 30 cm, preferably substantially 14 cm. Preferably, the facade has a thickness of 5.5 cm to 34 cm, for example 10 to 20 cm, preferably 15 to 16 cm.

[0026] Preferably, the fire protection board and / or the insulation board is rectangular. Preferably, the fire protection board and / or the insulation board has a longitudinal extent of 0.5 to 4 m, for example 1 to 3 m, preferably substantially 2 m. Preferably, the fire protection board and / or the insulation board has a transverse extent of 0.5 to 4 m, for example 1 to 3 m, preferably substantially 1.4 m. Alternatively, the insulation board has a longitudinal extent of preferably substantially 1 m and / or a transverse extent of preferably substantially 50 cm.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the fire protection board has a thermal conductivity of 0.15 to 0.4 W / mK, preferably substantially 0.2 W / mK, and / or the insulation board has a thermal conductivity of 0.029 to 0.04 W / mK, preferably substantially 0.032 W / mK.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the insulation layer is provided for arrangement between the fire protection layer and the outer wall of the building, so that the insulation layer is essentially completely separated from the building environment when the facade is installed.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the fire-resistant layer comprises a further fire-resistant board, wherein, in the assembled state of the facade, the fire-resistant board is arranged adjacent to the further fire-resistant board, preferably at an angle to the further fire-resistant board. Preferably, the fire-resistant board is arranged at a right angle to the further fire-resistant board. Preferably, an end face of the further fire-resistant board is arranged flush with the outer flat surface of the fire-resistant board. Alternatively, the end face of the fire-resistant board is arranged flush with the outer flat surface of the further fire-resistant board. Preferably, a connection area of ​​the facade where the fire-resistant board and the further fire-resistant board abut each other is substantially liquid-tight.A melting safety membrane is particularly preferred in the connection area, positioned between the insulating layer and the fire protection layer.

[0030] Preferably, the insulation layer comprises another insulation board. Preferably, the joints between the insulation board and the other insulation board, and / or between the insulation layer and the fire-resistant layer, and / or between the fire-resistant layer and the other fire-resistant layer are filled with joint sealing foam. Preferably, the joint sealing foam is fire-resistant.

[0031] Regarding the fire protection properties of the facade, it is advantageous if the fire protection board and the additional fire protection board are arranged, at least in sections, adjacent to the same insulation board within the insulation layer when the facade is installed. Preferably, the additional fire protection board abuts the end face of the insulation board, and the fire protection board abuts the outer flat side of the insulation board. Alternatively, the additional fire protection board abuts the outer flat side of the insulation board, and the fire protection board abuts the end face of the insulation board.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the additional fire protection panel, preferably an end face of the additional fire protection panel, is provided for arrangement on the outer wall of the building in the assembled state of the facade.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the additional fire protection panel is positioned adjacent to a boundary edge of a recess in the exterior wall when the facade is installed, preferably being flush with the boundary surface of the recess. More preferably, the fire protection panel is positioned flush with the boundary surface of a window or door recess in the exterior wall, i.e., a window or door reveal. Preferably, the orientation of the additional fire protection panel matches the orientation of the boundary surface.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the facade has at least one mounting element, preferably designed as a mounting bracket, wherein the additional fire protection panel is provided for fixing to the exterior wall of the building by the mounting element when the facade is installed. Preferably, the mounting element is designed as a mounting bracket, particularly preferably as a steel bracket. Preferably, the mounting element is heat-resistant so that the arrangement of the additional fire protection panel remains intact even in the event of a fire.

[0035] Preferably, one leg of the mounting element extends along the end face of the insulation board and a further leg of the mounting element, particularly preferably perpendicular to the leg, extends along the inner flat side of the insulation board.

[0036] Preferably, the leg extends at least partially along the further fire protection board, and particularly preferably over the entire length of the further fire protection board, and / or is firmly connected to the further fire protection board. Preferably, the leg is configured to extend from the exterior wall of the building, preferably perpendicular to the exterior wall of the building, when the facade is installed. Preferably, the leg extends along the inner flat side of the further fire protection board.

[0037] Preferably, the longitudinal extent of the leg of the mounting element is greater than the wall thickness of the insulation board, such that an end section of the leg projects beyond the outer flat side of the insulation board. Preferably, in the assembled state of the facade, the end section of the leg is positioned between the fire protection board and the subsequent fire protection board, and particularly preferably adjacent to both. Preferably, the end section of the leg is firmly connected to the fire protection board. Preferably, in the assembled state of the facade, the end face of the fire protection board is positioned adjacent to the end section of the leg. Preferably, in the assembled state of the facade, the further leg is provided for at least partial positioning between the insulation board and the exterior wall of the building.

[0038] An advantage of this arrangement is that the mounting element, when installed on the facade, is designed not to protrude beyond the boundary surface of the recess in the exterior wall. Another advantage is that the mounting element is inaccessible from the building environment when the facade is installed, meaning that the additional fire protection panel cannot be removed without first removing the fire protection panel and the insulation layer.

[0039] Preferably, the mounting element, and especially preferably the further leg of the mounting element, is designed to be attached to the outer wall of the building in the assembled state of the facade, and especially preferably screwed on.

[0040] In the corresponding method for mounting a facade in one of the above-described embodiments on an exterior wall of a building, the problem is solved by mounting an insulation layer and a fire-resistant layer of the facade to the exterior wall of the building. Preferably, the insulation panel is glued to the exterior wall of the building. Preferably, at least one hole, preferably a dowel hole for inserting a dowel, is drilled through the fire-resistant panel and the insulation panel, as well as into the exterior wall of the building. Preferably, the facade is fixed in the dowel holes on the exterior wall with a dowel, particularly preferably a dowel screw for controlling the axial expansion of the dowel. Preferably, the facade is reinforced, particularly preferably with a reinforcing mesh, and then plastered. The reinforcing mesh preferably comprises fiberglass fabric.

[0041] Regarding the method for mounting a fire-resistant layer on an exterior wall of a building, it is advantageous to first mount an additional fire-resistant layer on the exterior wall, followed by the mounting of the insulation layer and the fire-resistant layer. Preferably, the mounting element is first fixed to the exterior wall. Then, preferably, the additional fire-resistant layer is firmly connected to the mounting element, or the insulation layer is mounted to the exterior wall, such that the additional leg of the mounting element is substantially covered by the insulation layer. Particularly preferably, the insulation layer is glued to the exterior wall, with an adhesive layer covering the additional leg of the mounting element. Alternatively, the additional fire-resistant layer is firmly connected to the mounting element, and then the mounting element is fixed to the exterior wall.Preferably, the fire protection panel is then installed.

[0042] In the corresponding building, the task is solved by the building having at least one exterior wall, preferably made of concrete, and a facade in one of the design variants described above. Alternatively, the exterior wall of the building is made of brick and / or wood.

[0043] Advantageous in terms of the space utilization of the building, the exterior wall including the facade has an exterior wall thickness of 25 - 35 cm, preferably 26 - 28 cm, when installed.

[0044] It is advantageous if the exterior wall, including the facade, in its assembled state has a thickness of 1 to 20 cm, for example 8 to 15 cm, preferably substantially 13 cm, less than in the prior art, i.e., less than the wall thickness of an exterior wall including a mineral wool insulation board of 40 to 50 cm, where the mineral wool board has a thickness of 16 to 18 cm. It is particularly advantageous that the exterior wall of the building, including the facade, exhibits at least equivalent insulation and fire protection properties to the prior art.

[0045] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to particularly preferred embodiments, to which it is not limited, and with reference to the drawings. The drawings show in detail: Fig. 1 a sectional view through the facade for the arrangement on the outer wall of the building and the outer wall of the building along the horizontal section B - B (at the level of a recess in the outer wall of the building); Fig. 2 a detailed view of the section view along the horizontal section B - B from Fig. 1 and a detailed view of a horizontal section A - A through a section of the facade and the outer wall of the building located above the recess of the outer wall of the building according to Fig. 1; Fig. 3 A side view and a front view of the facade and the outer wall of the building according to Fig. 1 (section A - A or B - B visible);

[0046] Fig. Figure 1 shows a corner of a building 3, which preferably has a height of at least 26 meters. A section of a facade 1 is shown in its assembled state, intended for mounting on an exterior wall 2 of the building 3. The facade 1 has an insulating layer and a fire-resistant layer. The facade 1 is mounted on an exterior side, i.e., a side facing the building's surroundings, of the exterior wall 2. The facade 1 completely covers the exterior wall 2.

[0047] The insulation layer is formed by individual insulation panels 4. The fire protection layer is formed by a fire protection panel 5A and further fire protection panels 5B. The fire protection layer is located further away from the outer wall of the outer wall 2 than the insulation layer, so that the insulation layer is not accessible from the building environment.

[0048] The exterior wall 2 has a recess 6 for a window. The additional fire-resistant panel 5B of the fire-resistant layer is flush with a boundary surface 7 of the recess 6. The recess 6 has four boundary surfaces 7, which are also flush with the facade 1, in particular with additional fire-resistant panels 5B. Two of these surfaces face each other. Two are oriented vertically and two horizontally. The insulation layer is therefore not accessible from the building environment, even in the area of ​​the recess 6. The insulation layer is not accessible from an end face 9 of the insulation panel.

[0049] Section view A - A of the Fig. Figure 2 shows that the insulation board 4 is connected to the outer wall 2 by an adhesive layer 10. The adhesive layer 10 contains adhesive mortar. On an outer flat side 8, the fire protection board 5A has a reinforcing layer 11 with reinforcing mesh and a plaster layer 12.

[0050] The detailed view B - B of the Fig. Figure 2 shows that the additional fire protection board 5B is arranged adjacent to the fire protection board 5A. The fire protection board 5A is positioned at right angles to the additional fire protection board 5B. The fire protection board 5A and the additional fire protection board 5B form a facade edge 17. The fire protection board 5A and the additional fire protection board 5B abut the same insulation board 4. The fire protection board 5A covers the outer flat side 8 and the additional fire protection board 5B covers the end face 9 of the insulation board 4.

[0051] An end face 13 of the additional fire protection panel 5B is arranged adjacent to the outer wall 2. A mounting element 14, in the example shown a mounting bracket, has a leg 14a and a further leg 14B. The mounting element 14 connects the additional fire protection panel 5B to the outer wall 2. The further leg 14B is fixed to the outer wall 2. The further leg 14B bears at least the weight of the additional fire protection panel 5B. In the assembled state, leg 14a is provided for determining the orientation of the additional fire protection panel 4. In the assembled state, the further leg 14B is provided for determining the orientation of the outer surface 2. At least one mounting element 14, preferably two mounting elements 14, is arranged along a boundary edge 15 of the recess 6, i.e., in the plane of the horizontal section B-B.Alternatively, only one mounting element 14 is provided for arrangement along the boundary edge 15, whereby the mounting element 14 can extend substantially over the entire boundary edge 15. In the event of a fire, the mounting element 14 advantageously acts as an additional protective layer between the fire and the insulation board 4, i.e., at the end face 9 of the insulation board 4.

[0052] The mounting element 14, in particular the leg 14A of the mounting element 14, connects the fire protection board 5A and the further fire protection board 5B to each other. The fire protection boards 5A, 5B and the mounting element 14 are arranged such that molten insulation material from the insulation board 4 cannot escape into the building environment between the fire protection boards 5A, B and the mounting element 14.

[0053] Fig.Figure 3 shows facade 1 from two sides. It is evident that the fire protection layer is formed from adjacent fire protection panels 5A. The fire protection panel 5A has regularly encountered dowel holes 16. The dowel holes extend through the insulation layer and into the exterior wall 2 of the building, so that the fire protection layer is firmly connected to the exterior wall 2. It is also evident that the fire protection panels 5A can be cut into any desired shape, for example, according to the recess 6 in the exterior wall 2. Reference number list: 1 Facade 2 Exterior wall 3 buildings 4 Insulation board 5A fire protection board 5B additional fire protection board 6. Recess in the outer wall 7 Boundary surface of the recess 8 Outer flat side of the fire protection board 9 Front side of the insulation board 10 adhesive layers 11 Reinforcing layer 12 plaster layers 13 Front side of the further fire protection board 14 Mounting element 14A Leg of the mounting element 14B further leg of the mounting element 15 Limiting edge of the recess 16 dowel holes 17 Facade edge

Claims

[1] Facade (1) for arrangement on an exterior wall (2) of a building (3), comprising: an insulating layer for thermal insulation, characterized by : a fire protection layer to increase the fire resistance of the building (3), wherein the fire protection layer comprises at least one fire protection board (5A) containing magnesium silicate, preferably talc, wherein the insulating layer comprises at least one insulating board (4) with foam insulating material, preferably made of polystyrene. [2] Facade (1) according to claim 1, characterized by that the fire protection board (5A) contains cement and / or insulating material particles, preferably foam insulating particles. [3] Facade (1) according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized by , that the fire protection board (5A) is reinforced with a reinforcing material, preferably fiberglass, to reinforce the fire protection board (5A). [4] Facade (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by , that the fire protection board (5A) has a wall thickness of 0.5 to 4 cm, preferably substantially 1.2 cm, and / or that the insulation board (4) has a thickness of 5 to 30 cm, preferably substantially 14 cm. [5] Facade (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by , that the fire protection board (5A) has a thermal conductivity of 0.15 to 0.4 W / mK, preferably substantially 0.2 W / mK, and / or that the insulation board (4) has a thermal conductivity of 0.029 to 0.04 W / mK, preferably substantially 0.032 W / mK. [6] Facade (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by , that the insulation layer is intended to be arranged between the fire protection layer and the outer wall (2) of the building (3), so that the insulation layer is essentially completely separated from the building environment when the facade (1) is installed. [7] Facade (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by, that the fire protection layer has at least one further fire protection board (5B), wherein the fire protection board (5A) is arranged adjacent to the further fire protection board (5B) in the assembled state of the facade (1), preferably at an angle to the further fire protection board (5B). [8] Facade (1) according to claim 7, characterized by , that the fire protection board (5A) and the further fire protection board (5B) are arranged at least partially adjacent to the same insulation board (4) of the insulation layer in the assembled state of the facade (1). [9] Facade (1) according to one of claims 7 or 8, characterized by , that the additional fire protection panel (5B), preferably an end face (13) of the additional fire protection panel (5B), is intended for arrangement on the outer wall (2) of the building (3) in the assembled state of the facade. [10] Facade (1) according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized by, that the additional fire protection panel (5B) is provided for arrangement adjacent to a boundary edge (15) of a recess (6) of the outer wall (2) in the assembled state of the facade (1), wherein preferably the additional fire protection panel (5B) is provided for flush termination with a boundary surface (7) of the recess (6) of the outer wall (2). [11] Facade (1) according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized by , that the facade (1) exhibits: at least one mounting element (14), preferably designed as a mounting bracket, wherein the further fire protection panel (5B) is provided for fixing to the outer wall (2) of the building (3) by the mounting element (14) in the assembled state of the facade (1). [12] Building (3) characterized by , that the building (3) exhibits: at least one outer wall (2), preferably made of concrete, and a facade (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11. [13] Building (3) according to claim 12, characterized by, that the outer wall (2) including the facade (1) has an outer wall thickness of 20 - 35 cm, preferably 26 - 28 cm when assembled.

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