Solar cell and photovoltaic module

Abstract

Solar cell, characterized in that it comprises: a cell body, wherein the width of the cell body along a first direction is L1; a graphic area disposed on a surface of the cell body, the graphic area having a plurality of collecting electrodes extending along a second direction, the collecting electrodes comprising a first collecting electrode and a second collecting electrode spaced apart along the first direction; the second direction being different from the first direction; wherein the cell body has a first side edge and a second side edge arranged opposite one another, the first side edge and the second side edge having portions extending along the second direction, the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the first side edge and the first side edge being D1; where, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 80 ≤ L1 / D1 ≤ 400; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 50 ≤ L1 / D1 ≤ 350.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO AFFECTED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202421065934.9 filed on May 15, 2024, and titled "Solar cell and photovoltaic module" and Chinese patent application No. 202411358089.9 filed on September 26, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. AREA OF REGISTRATION

[0002] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, in particular to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. STATE OF THE ART

[0003] The solar cell is the core element of a photovoltaic module and can convert solar energy into electrical energy. Numerous fingers are arranged on the surface of the solar cell, evenly distributed in a first direction and extending in a second direction, to collect the electrical current generated in the solar cell through the multiple fingers.

[0004] The area containing the multiple fingers is referred to as the electrode's graphical area. To date, the industry has paid little attention to how to optimally select the distance between the electrode's graphical area and the cell edge to maximize both the photoelectric efficiency and the yield of the solar cells, given different cell sizes, different cell types, and differing manufacturing processes. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present application discloses a solar cell and a photovoltaic module to solve, in whole or in part, the technical problem existing in the existing art, namely how to determine the distance between the graphic area of the electrode and the cell edge in order to improve both the photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell and its yield.

[0006] According to the present application, the problem is solved by the following: According to a first aspect, the present application discloses a solar cell. It comprises: a cell body, wherein the width of the cell body is L1 along a first direction; a graphic area arranged on a surface of the cell body, the graphic area having a plurality of collecting electrodes extending along a second direction, the collecting electrodes comprising a first collecting electrode and a second collecting electrode spaced apart along the first direction; wherein the second direction is different from the first direction; wherein the cell body has a first side edge and a second side edge arranged opposite one another, the first side edge and the second side edge having portions extending along the second direction, the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the first side edge and the first side edge being D1; wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 80 ≤ L1 / D1 ≤ 400; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 50 ≤ L1 / D1 ≤ 350.

[0007] Optionally, it is provided that the cell body comprises a substrate and a doped semiconductor layer formed on the substrate, wherein the collecting electrodes electrically contact the doped semiconductor layer, wherein the first side edge and the second side edge are the side edges of the substrate, wherein the distance between a boundary of the doped semiconductor layer facing the first side edge and the first side edge is d1; wherein, if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, L1 / d1 ≥ 156 applies; and / or wherein, if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, L1 / d1 ≥ 131 applies.

[0008] Optionally, if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, the number of the first collecting electrode or the second collecting electrode is M and 0.9 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.8 applies; and / or if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, the sum of the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is M and 0.9 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.8 applies.

[0009] Optionally, it is provided that when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 0.93 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.5 applies; and / or wherein when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 0.93 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.5 applies.

[0010] Optionally, the cell body further comprises a chamfer, wherein the two ends of the first side edge are directly connected to the chamfer; wherein along the first direction, the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the second side edge and the second side edge is D3, where 0.5 ≤ D3 / D1 ≤ 1.

[0011] Optionally, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, the distance between the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode, which are adjacent, along the first direction is N and 11.00 ≤ L1 / (D1 + N) ≤ 37.02; and / or where N ≤ D1 ≤ 2N.

[0012] Optionally, it is provided that along the first direction the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes or two adjacent second collecting electrodes in the edge region is N1 and the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes or two adjacent second collecting electrodes in the center is N2, where D1 < N1 < N2 and / or where 2D1 > N1, or 2D1 > N2, or 2N1 > N2.

[0013] Optionally, it is provided that along the second direction the length of the cell body is L2 and the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the edge of the cell body and the respective edge of the cell body is D2; wherein, if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 150 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 750 applies; and / or wherein, if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 50 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 650 applies.

[0014] Optionally, it is provided that along the second direction the distance between a boundary of the doped semiconductor layer facing the edge of the cell body and the respective edge of the cell body is d2; wherein, if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, L2 / d2 ≥ 312 applies; and / or wherein, if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, L2 / d2 ≥ 262 applies.

[0015] Optionally, it is provided that D1 ≥ D2 applies.

[0016] Optionally, it is provided that the following applies to a rectangular or rectangular-like cell body: if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, L1 / D1 ≤ L2 / D2; and / or if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, L1 / D1 ≥ L2 / D2.

[0017] Optionally, it is provided that 75 mm ≤ L1 ≤ 175 mm applies; and / or wherein along the second direction the length of the cell body is L2, where 150 mm ≤ L2 ≤ 350 mm applies; and / or wherein the area of the cell body is S, where 11250 mm 2 ≤ S ≤ 61250 mm 2 applies.

[0018] Optionally, it is provided that 50 ≤ M ≤ 225 applies.

[0019] According to a second aspect, the present application discloses a solar cell. It comprises: a cell body, wherein the width of the cell body is L1 along a first direction; a graphic region, wherein the graphic region is arranged on a surface of the cell body and is provided in a number of two, wherein the two graphic regions are arranged spaced apart along the first direction; wherein the graphic region has a plurality of collecting electrodes extending along a second direction, wherein the collecting electrodes comprise a first collecting electrode and a second collecting electrode arranged spaced apart along the first direction; wherein the second direction is different from the first direction;wherein the cell body has a first side edge and a second side edge arranged opposite one another, wherein the first side edge and the second side edge have portions extending along the second direction, and wherein both the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the first side edge and the first side edge and the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the second side edge and the second side edge are D1; wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 80 ≤ L1 / 2D1 ≤ 400 applies; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 50 ≤ L1 / 2D1 ≤ 350 applies.;

[0020] Optionally, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, the number of the first collecting electrode or the second collecting electrode is M and 0.9 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.8; or when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, the sum of the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is M and 0.9 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.8.

[0021] Optionally, it is provided that when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 0.93 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.5 applies; and / or wherein when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 0.93 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.5 applies.

[0022] Optionally, the cell body further comprises a chamfer, wherein the two ends of the first side edge and the two ends of the second side edge are directly connected to the chamfer; wherein along the first direction, the distance between the two graphic areas is D3, where 0.5 ≤ D3 / 2D1 ≤ 1.

[0023] Optionally, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, in the same graphical area, the distance between the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode, which are adjacent, along the first direction is N and 11.00 ≤ L1 / (D1 + N) ≤ 37.02; and / or where N ≤ D1 ≤ 2N.

[0024] Optionally, it is provided that in the same graphic area along the first direction, the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes or two adjacent second collecting electrodes in the edge area is N1 and the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes or two adjacent second collecting electrodes in the center is N2, where D1 < N1 < N2 and / or where 2D1 > N1, or 2D1 > N2, or 2N1 > N2.

[0025] Optionally, it is provided that along the second direction the length of the cell body is L2 and the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the edge of the cell body and the respective edge of the cell body is D2; wherein, if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 150 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 750 applies; and / or wherein, if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 50 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 650 applies.

[0026] Optionally, it is provided that D1 ≥ D2 applies.

[0027] Optionally, it is provided that the following applies to a rectangular or rectangular-like cell body: if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, L1 / D1≤L2 / D2 applies; and / or if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, L1 / 2D1>L2 / D2 applies.

[0028] Optionally, it is provided that 75 mm ≤ L1 / 2 ≤ 175 mm; and / or wherein along the second direction the length of the cell body is L2, where 150 mm ≤ L2 ≤ 350 mm; and / or wherein the area of the cell body is S, where 11250 mm 2 ≤ S ≤ 61250 mm 2 applies.

[0029] Optionally, it is provided that 50 ≤ M / 2 ≤ 225 applies.

[0030] According to a third aspect, the present application further discloses a photovoltaic module. It comprises a plurality of solar cells according to the first aspect, wherein the plurality of solar cells are arranged at a distance from one another.

[0031] The present application discloses a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell comprises a cell body and a graphic region arranged on a surface of the cell body. Along a first direction, the width of the cell body is L1. The graphic region has a plurality of collecting electrodes extending along a second direction, wherein the collecting electrodes comprise a first collecting electrode and a second collecting electrode arranged spaced apart along the first direction.The cell body has a first side edge and a second side edge arranged opposite one another, the first side edge and the second side edge having portions extending along the second direction, and the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the first side edge and the first side edge being D1; wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 80 ≤ L1 / D1 ≤ 400; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 50 ≤ L1 / D1 ≤ 350.

[0032] In the present application, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, the ratio L1 / D1 is set to a value greater than or equal to 80 and less than or equal to 400. And / or, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, the ratio L1 / D1 is set to a value greater than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 350. This configuration allows the ratio L1 / D1 to be selected to meet the requirements of the dimension D1 for solar cells with different widths L1. This reduces the alignment difficulty during finger formation and improves the yield of the fingers. Furthermore, this configuration makes it possible to reduce the risk of overlapping of the fingers and reduce shadowing losses, thereby increasing the photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell. Presentation of the registration

[0033] In it show Fig. 1 shows a first schematic structural view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application; Fig. 2 shows a second schematic structural view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application; Fig. 3 is a schematic partial structural view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application; Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a bus bar of a solar cell in the prior art; Fig. 5 is a second schematic structural view of an interconnection portion of a solar cell in the prior art; Fig. 6 is a side view of the solder tape voltage distribution according to the prior art; Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a busbar of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application; Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of an interconnection portion of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application; Fig. 9 a side view of the solder strip voltage distribution according to an embodiment of the application. Fig. 10 shows a third schematic structural view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application; Fig. 11 is a fourth schematic structural view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application; Reference symbols:

[0034] 10: Cell body; 100: Substrate; 101: Doped semiconductor layer; 11: First side edge; 12: Second side edge; 20: Graphic area; 30: Busbar; 31: Interconnection section; 32: Connecting line; 40: solder tape; A: First direction; B: Second direction. CONCRETE EMBODIMENTS

[0035] Below, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the application will be fully and clearly explained in the embodiments of the application with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the described embodiments represent a part of the embodiments rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments of the application without inventive steps are also within the scope of the application.

[0036] It should be understood that references throughout the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" imply a specific feature, structure, or characteristic included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiments. Moreover, these specific features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner.

[0037] Along the first direction, the solar cell has a first side edge and a second side edge arranged opposite one another. As the width of the solar cell increases along the first direction, the transmission resistance increases. The fingers must be arranged more densely, and at the same time, the distance between the graphic area of the electrode and the first side edge of the solar cell must be adjusted. As the width of the solar cell decreases, the shading increases. The fingers must be arranged further apart, and the distance between the graphic area of the electrode and the first side edge of the solar cell must also be adjusted.

[0038] If the distance between the electrode's graphical area and the first side edge of the solar cell is too small along the first direction, the finger misalignment tolerance decreases, the difficulty of aligning the fingers increases, and the yield of the fingers decreases. If the distance between the electrode's graphical area and the first side edge of the solar cell is too large along the first direction, the distance between adjacent fingers decreases, the risk of finger lap joints increases, and shadowing losses increase, which impairs the photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0039] In back-contact solar cells, both the positive and negative fingers are arranged on the same surface of the cell, i.e., on the back of the cell. The distance between adjacent positive or negative fingers is greater, and the charge carriers must travel further. As the cell width increases along the first direction, charge carrier transport becomes more difficult in back-contact solar cells than in double-contact solar cells.

[0040] In addition, the arrangement of the negative and positive fingers on the back of the cell leads to higher shading losses in back-contacted solar cells than in double-contacted solar cells. This means that as the cell width decreases along the first direction, the shading losses are more severe in back-contacted solar cells.

[0041] Therefore, for back-contacted and double-contacted solar cells, the extent to which the distance between the finger closest to the first side edge of the cell and the first side edge of the cell adapts to changes in cell width along the first direction differs. To overcome these increased losses, the width of back-contacted solar cells is chosen to be slightly smaller, and the ratio of the cell width to the distance between the finger closest to the first side edge of the cell and the first side edge of the cell along the first direction is chosen to be slightly larger.

[0042] Fig. 1 shows a first schematic structural view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] As in Fig. 1, an embodiment of the application discloses a solar cell. It comprises: a cell body 10, wherein along a first direction A, the width of the cell body 10 is L1; a graphic region 20 arranged on a surface of the cell body 10, wherein the graphic region 20 has a plurality of collecting electrodes (not shown) extending along a second direction B, wherein the collecting electrodes comprise a first collecting electrode (not shown) and a second collecting electrode (not shown) spaced apart along the first direction A; wherein the second direction B is different from the first direction A;wherein the cell body 10 has a first side edge 11 and a second side edge 12 arranged opposite one another, wherein the first side edge 11 and the second side edge 12 have portions extending along the second direction B, and wherein the distance between a position of the graphic area 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11 is D1; wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 50 ≤ L1 / D1 ≤ 400 applies; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 50 ≤ L1 / D1 ≤ 350 applies.;

[0044] The present embodiment of the application discloses a solar cell that serves as a core component of a photovoltaic module and is capable of converting solar energy into electrical energy. The solar cell has a light-receiving surface facing the sunlight, also referred to as the front side. The solar cell also has a side facing away from the sunlight, also referred to as the back side.

[0045] As in Fig. 1, the solar cell disclosed in the application comprises a cell body 10 and a graphic region 20 arranged on the surface of the cell body 10. The graphic region 20 can be arranged either on the front side of the cell body 10 or on the back side of the cell body 10. No specific restrictions are imposed in this regard in the embodiments of the application. In practical application, those skilled in the art can determine the arrangement according to requirements.

[0046] The cell body 10 may have a rectangular structure, a square structure, or a rectangular-like structure, wherein the rectangular-like structure refers to a rectangular cell with round bevels or angular bevels, which round or angular bevels are directly connected to the first side edge 11 of the cell body 10. Of course, the cell body 10 may also take on other shapes. In the embodiments of the present application, the specific structure of the cell body 10 is not further limited.

[0047] In the following, the cell body 10 is described as a rectangular structure by way of example. For a rectangular cell body 10, the width of the cell body 10 along the first direction A is L1, and the length of the cell body 10 along the second direction B is L2.

[0048] It should be noted that the Fig. 1 represents a half solar cell in the embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the half solar cell can be manufactured by splitting a complete solar cell before forming the collecting electrodes, by splitting a complete solar cell after forming the collecting electrodes, or by directly manufacturing it from a halved silicon wafer obtained by dicing a silicon wafer.

[0049] As in Fig. 1, the graphic area 20 is arranged on the surface of the cell body 10 and contains a plurality of collecting electrodes, also referred to as fingers, extending in the second direction B. The area on the surface of the cell body 10 occupied by a plurality of collecting electrodes is referred to as the graphic area 20.

[0050] It should be noted that the graphical area 20 may have a rectangular structure, a rectangle-like structure, a square structure, or any other shape structure. In the embodiments of the present application, the specific shape of the graphical area 20 is not further limited. In practical application, those skilled in the art may determine the specific structure of the graphical area 20 as needed.

[0051] In the following, the graphic area 20 is described as an example of a rectangular structure.

[0052] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the application, the collecting electrodes comprise a first collecting electrode and a second collecting electrode, wherein both the first and second collecting electrodes extend along the second direction B and are spaced apart along the first direction A.

[0053] As in Fig. 1, the cell body 10, in the case of a rectangular structure, has a first side edge 11 and a second side edge 12 arranged opposite one another, wherein the first side edge 11 and second side edge 12 contain sections that run along the second direction B. The graphic area 20 also has a rectangular structure. The distance between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11 is defined as D1.

[0054] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the application, the position of the graphic area 20 facing the first side edge 11 corresponds to the position of the collecting electrode closest to the first side edge 11 within the graphic area 20. D1 thus represents the distance between the collecting electrode closest to the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11.

[0055] When the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, i.e. in the case of a back-contacted solar cell, 80 ≤ L1 / D1 ≤ 400 applies. In the embodiments of the application, the ratio between the width L1 of the cell body 10 and the distance D1 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11 is set to a value greater than or equal to 80 and less than or equal to 400 in order to take into account the difficulty of charge carrier transport and shadowing losses by the electrodes and at the same time achieve reduction of the alignment difficulty of the electrodes, reduction of the risk of electrode overlap connection, improvement of the yield and increase of the photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0056] By way of example, the ratio of the width L1 of the cell body 1 to the distance D1 between the position of the graphic region 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11 with opposite polarity of the first and second collecting electrodes can assume the following values: 80, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 300, 350, 380 or 400. If the first and second collecting electrodes have the same polarity (i.e., in the case of solar cells contacted on both sides), the following applies: 50 ≤ L1 / D1 ≤ 350. In the embodiments of the application, the ratio between the width L1 of the cell body 10 and the distance D1 between the position of the graphic region 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11 is set to a value greater than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 350. set.This takes into account the difficulty of charge carrier transport and shadowing losses by the electrodes and at the same time reduces the difficulty of electrode alignment, reduces the risk of electrode overlap connection, and improves the yield and photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0057] For example, the ratio of the width L1 of the cell body 1 to the distance D1 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11 can assume the following values with the same polarity of the first and second collecting electrodes: 50, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 220, 250, 300 or 350.

[0058] Optionally, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, the number of the first collecting electrode or the second collecting electrode is M and 0.9 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.8; or when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, the sum of the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is M and 0.9 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.8.

[0059] If the polarity of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is opposite, two types of electrodes with opposite polarity are located on the surface of the cell. The solar cell is a back-contact solar cell. The number of first collecting electrodes is M or the number of second collecting electrodes is M, where 0.9≤M / L1≤1.8.

[0060] In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the number M of the first collecting electrode or the second collecting electrode to the width L1 of the cell body 10 is set to be greater than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1.8, so that the surface of the cell body 10 has enough collecting electrodes to ensure the current collection efficiency of the solar cell and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0061] For example, if the polarities of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode are opposite, the width of the cell body 10 along the first direction A is L1 and the number of first collecting electrodes is M, where M / L1 = 0.9. Alternatively, M / L1 = 1.2. If the polarities of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode are opposite, the width of the cell body 10 along the first direction A is L1 and the number of second collecting electrodes is M, where M / L1 = 1.5. Alternatively, M / L1 = 1.8.

[0062] It should be noted that when the polarities of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode are opposite, that is, when the solar cell is a back-contacted solar cell, if the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is not the same, the number of M must be the larger number of the first collecting electrode or the second collecting electrode.

[0063] If the polarity of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode are the same, only single-polarity electrodes are provided on the surface of the cell. The solar cell is a double-sided solar cell. The sum of the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is M, which corresponds to 0.9≤M / L1≤1.8.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the sum M of the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode to the width L1 of the cell body 10 is set to be greater than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1.8, so that the surface of the cell body 10 has enough collecting electrodes to ensure the current collection efficiency of the solar cell and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0065] For example, when the polarity of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is the same, the width of the cell body 10 is L1 along the first direction A, and the sum of the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is M, which corresponds to M / L1 = 0.9. Alternatively, M / L1 = 1.25. Alternatively, M / L1 = 1.5. Alternatively, M / L1 = 1.8.

[0066] Preferably, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 0.93 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.5 holds; and / or when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 0.93 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.5 holds. Thus, the surface of the cell body 10 has enough collecting electrodes to ensure the current collection efficiency of the solar cell and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0067] Optionally, it is provided that, as in Fig. 1, the cell body 10 further comprises a chamfer, wherein the two ends of the first side edge 11 are directly connected to the chamfer; wherein along the first direction A, the distance between a position of the graphic area 20 facing the second side edge 12 and the second side edge 12 is D3, where 0.5 ≤ D3 / D1 ≤ 1.

[0068] As in Fig. 1, in the embodiment of the application, along the first direction, the distance A between a position of the graphic region 20 facing the second side edge 12 and the second side edge 12 is set to D3, where 0.5 ≤ D3 / D1 ≤ 1. By the above setting, the area of the graphic region 20 can be increased and the position of the graphic region 20 can be clarified to maximize the utilization of the surface area of the cell body 10 and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0069] Furthermore, the region of the cell body 10 near the second side edge 12 is divided after cell formation, and partial cutting damage may occur, so D3 / D1 is set to be less than or equal to 1. However, D3 should not be too small, and too small a value of D3 will affect the carrier collection area. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, D3 / D1 is set to be greater than or equal to 0.5. For example, D3 / D1=0.5; or D3 / D1=0.7; or D3 / D1=0.9; or D3 / D1=1.

[0070] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the application, the position of the graphic area 20 facing the second side edge 12 corresponds to the position of the collecting electrode closest to the second side edge 12 within the graphic area 20. D3 thus represents the distance between the collecting electrode closest to the second side edge 12 and the second side edge 12.

[0071] Optionally, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, the distance between the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode, which are adjacent, along the first direction A is N and 11.00 ≤ L1 / (D1 + N) ≤ 37.02; and / or where N ≤ D1 ≤ 2N.

[0072] When the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, i.e., in the case of a back-contacted solar cell, the back of the cell body 10 has a plurality of first collecting electrodes and a plurality of second collecting electrodes. Here, both the first and second collecting electrodes extend along the second direction B and are arranged alternately along the first direction A on the back of the cell body 10. Along the first direction A, the distance between the adjacent first and second collecting electrodes is N, where 11.00 ≤ L1 / (D1 + N) ≤ 37.02.

[0073] This arrangement increases the alignment accuracy of the electrode structure in back-contacted solar cells, reduces the transfer resistance and increases the photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0074] For example, L1 / (D1+N)=11.00. Alternatively, L1 / (D1+N)=15. Alternatively, L1 / (D1+N)=20. Alternatively, L1 / (D1+N)=25. Alternatively, L1 / (D1+N)=30. Alternatively, L1 / (D1+N)=35, etc.

[0075] In the embodiments of this application, the distance between adjacent first and second collecting electrodes is defined as N, and the distance between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11 itself is defined as D1, satisfying the condition N ≤ D1 ≤ 2N. This arrangement ensures that the charge carriers can be effectively collected at the edge of the solar cell, thereby improving the photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0076] Optionally, it is provided that, as in Fig. 3, along the first direction A the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes or two adjacent second collecting electrodes in the edge region is N1 and the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes or two adjacent second collecting electrodes in the center is N2, where D1 < N1 < N2 and / or where 2D1 > N1, or 2D1 > N2, or 2N1 > N2.

[0077] When arranging the first and second collecting electrodes, the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes along the first direction A can be set equal, as in the above-mentioned embodiments. Alternatively, as in the embodiments of the application, the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes along the first direction A can be set unevenly, wherein the specific positions of the unequal distances can be selected according to actual needs. For example, the distance between adjacent collecting electrodes in the center can be equal, which promotes uniform collection of charge carriers. The distance between adjacent collecting electrodes at the edge is increased or decreased to create sufficient space for the distance D1 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11 itself.

[0078] It should be noted that the solar cell in the embodiments of this application can be either a back-contact solar cell or a double-contact solar cell. When applying the above-described unequal-spacing collector electrode design to back-contact contact cells, the spacing between three edge-lying positive and negative collector electrodes can also be increased or decreased to provide sufficient space for the distance D1 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11 itself.

[0079] Optionally, it is provided that, as in Fig. 1, along the second direction B, the length of the cell body 10 is L2 and the distance between a position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the respective edge of the cell body 10 is D2; wherein, if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 150 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 750 applies; and / or wherein, if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 50 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 650 applies.

[0080] Along the second direction B, an increase in the length L2 of the cell body 10 leads to increased transmission resistance and longer fingers. The distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B must be adjusted. Along the second direction B, a reduction in the length L2 of the cell body 10 leads to increased shading and shorter fingers. The distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B must also be adjusted.

[0081] However, if the distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B is too small, the tolerance for electrode misalignment decreases, which makes alignment accuracy more difficult and reduces the yield of the fingers. If the distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B is too large, charge carriers cannot be collected effectively, resulting in power losses and reduced photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0082] By controlling the L2 / D2 ratio, the design requirements for D2 can be met for different cell sizes, thereby improving finger alignment accuracy, reducing carrier losses, and increasing the cell's photoelectric efficiency while taking into account transfer resistance and shadowing losses.

[0083] In back-contact solar cells, both positive and negative fingers are arranged on the back side, with the distance between adjacent positive and negative fingers being larger, resulting in longer charge carrier transport distances. Compared to double-contact solar cells, an increase in L2 in back-contact cells exacerbates the difficulties of charge carrier transport.

[0084] Likewise, in back-contact solar cells, the positive and negative fingers located exclusively on the back lead to higher shading losses. Compared to solar cells with double-sided contact, a reduction in L2 in back-contact solar cells further exacerbates shading losses.

[0085] Therefore, the extent of D2 adjustment after an L2 change is different for back-contacted solar cells and double-contacted solar cells. To overcome the aforementioned increased losses, D2 will be smaller for back-contacted solar cells and the L2 / D2 ratio will be slightly larger.

[0086] As in Fig. 1, for a rectangular structure of the cell body 10, the length of the cell body 10 along the second direction B is L2. Along the second direction B, the distance between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 is defined as D2.

[0087] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the application, the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B corresponds to the position of the end of the collecting electrode facing the edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B. D2 is thus the distance along the second direction B between the end facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10.

[0088] When the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, ie in the case of a back-contacted solar cell, 150 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 750 applies. In the embodiments of this application, the ratio between the length L2 of the cell body 10 and the distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B is set to a value greater than or equal to 150 and less than or equal to 750 in order to improve the alignment accuracy of the fingers, reduce charge carrier losses, and increase the yield and photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell while taking into account transmission resistance and shading losses.

[0089] For example, the ratio of the length L2 of the cell body 10 to the distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B with opposite polarities of the first and second collecting electrodes can assume the following values: 150, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700 or 750.

[0090] When the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarities, that is, in the case of a double-sided solar cell, 50 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 650. In the embodiments of this application, the ratio between the length L2 of the cell body 10 and the distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B is set to a value greater than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 650 in order to improve the alignment accuracy of the fingers, reduce charge carrier losses, and increase the yield and photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell while taking into account transmission resistance and shading losses.

[0091] For example, the ratio of the length L2 of the cell body 10 to the distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B, with the same polarity of the first and second collecting electrodes, can assume the following values: 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150, 170, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600 or 650.

[0092] For example, for a half solar cell with a rectangular structure, the cell width L1 along the first direction A is 105.1 mm, and the cell length L2 along the second direction B is 182.3 mm. In this case, the limiting dimensions are: L1 / D1 = 350 and / or L2 / D2 = 607. It should be noted that the ratios L1 / D1 and L2 / D2 can be applied either individually or in combination in the embodiment of the application. This applies to all subsequent cases and will not be mentioned repeatedly.

[0093] If the width of cell L1 in the first direction A is 105.1 mm and the length of cell L2 in the second direction B is 182.3 mm, the dimensions suitable for mass production are: L1 / D1=263 and / or L2 / D2=456.

[0094] Or, if the width L1 of the cell in the first direction A is 105.1 mm and the length L2 of the cell Lin in the second direction B is 182.3 mm, the size of the divided wafer during the cell manufacturing process or after cell preparation is as follows: L1 / D1=175 and / or L2 / D2=304.

[0095] The dimensional tolerance of the cell dimensions is ±0.25 mm in all of the above cases. In the embodiments of the application, all cell dimension tolerances are within ±0.25 mm.

[0096] Optionally, it is provided that D1 ≥ D2 applies.

[0097] In the embodiments of the application, the distance D1 between the position of the graphic region 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11 is set to a value greater than or equal to the distance D2 between the position of the graphic region 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B. That is, the distance D2 between the position of the graphic region 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B is less than or equal to the distance D1 between the position of the graphic region 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11. This arrangement ensures that the edge region of the solar cell has a suitable current collection area, thereby ensuring the photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0098] Optionally, it is provided that the following applies to a rectangular or rectangular-like cell body 10: if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, L1 / D1 ≤ L2 / D2; and / or if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, L1 / D1 ≥ L2 / D2.

[0099] For a rectangular or rectangular-like cell body 10, if the first and second collecting electrodes have opposite polarity (i.e., for back-contacted solar cells), L1 / D1 ≤ L2 / D2 applies. For a rectangular or rectangular-like cell body 10, if the first and second collecting electrodes have the same polarity (i.e., for solar cells with contact on both sides), L1 / D1 ≥ L2 / D2 applies.

[0100] It should be noted that the rectangle-like structure in the application (as in Fig. 1) describes a cell body 10 whose first side edge 11 is provided with chamfers at both ends. These chamfers can be either round or square. The application does not specify any specific restrictions in this regard. In practical application, specialists can determine the design as needed.

[0101] Optionally, it is provided that 75 mm ≤ L1 ≤ 175 mm applies; and / or wherein along the second direction B the length of the cell body 10 is L2, where 150 mm ≤ L2 ≤ 350 mm applies; and / or wherein the area of the cell body 10 is S, where 11250 mm 2 ≤ S ≤ 61250 mm 2 applies.

[0102] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 1, the cell body 10 in the embodiment of the application has a rectangular structure. Along the first direction A, the width of the cell body 10 is L1, while along the second direction B, the length of the cell body 10 is L2.

[0103] Where 75 mm ≤ L1 ≤ 175 mm applies. For example, L1=75 mm; or L1=80 mm; or L1=100 mm; or L1=125 mm; or L1=150 mm; or L1=175 mm.

[0104] The following applies: 150 mm ≤ L2 ≤ 350 mm. For example, L2=150 mm; or L2=175 mm; or L2=200 mm; or L2=225 mm; or L2=250 mm; or L2=300 mm; or L2=350 mm.

[0105] In the embodiments of the application, the area of the cell body 10 is S. In the case of a rectangular structure of the cell body 10, this area S corresponds to the product of the width L1 and the length L2 of the cell body 10. 11250 mm 2 ≤ S ≤ 61250 mm 2 For example, S=11250 mm 2 ; or S=28125 mm 2 ; or S=37500 mm 2 ; or S=61250 mm 2 .

[0106] Optionally, it is provided that 50 ≤ M ≤ 225 applies.

[0107] For back-contacted solar cells, the number M of the first collecting electrodes or the second collecting electrodes in the graphic area 20 is 50 ≤ M ≤ 225. This ensures a sufficient number of collecting electrodes in the graphic area 20, optimal current collection efficiency of the solar cell and an improved photoelectric conversion rate.

[0108] For example, M=50; or M=100; or M=150; or M=175; or M=200; or M=225.

[0109] For double-sided contacted solar cells, M corresponds to the sum of the numbers of first and second collecting electrodes in the graphic area 20, where 50 ≤ M ≤ 225. This ensures a sufficient number of collecting electrodes in the graphic area 20, optimal current collection efficiency of the solar cell, and an improved photoelectric conversion rate.

[0110] For example, M=50; or M=75; or M=125; or M=150; or M=200; or M=225.

[0111] It will be Fig. 4, which shows a schematic structural view of a busbar of a solar cell in the prior art. Fig. 5 shows a second schematic structural view of an interconnection section of a solar cell in the prior art. Fig. Figure 6 shows a side view of the solder tape voltage distribution according to the prior art.

[0112] As in Fig. As shown in Figures 4 to 6, in the prior art, a plurality of busbars are arranged on the surface of the solar cell. These multiple busbars all run along the first direction A and are arranged at equal intervals along the second direction B, with the distance between two adjacent busbars being equal along the second direction B. However, this arrangement of the busbars in the prior art results in a relatively low photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0113] It will be Fig. 7, which shows a schematic structural view of a busbar of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 8 shows a schematic structural view of an interconnection section of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application. Fig. 9 shows a side view of the solder strip voltage distribution according to an embodiment of the application.

[0114] As in Fig. 7 to 9, the solar cell disclosed in the embodiment of the application has, on the surface of the cell body 10, a plurality of busbars 30 extending along the first direction A and spaced apart along the second direction B, wherein, along the second direction B, the distance a between two adjacent busbars 30 near the edge of the cell body 10 is greater than the distance b between two adjacent busbars 30 relatively farther away from the edge (a > b), in order to increase the charge carrier collection efficiency, reduce the current mismatch, and avoid cracking due to edge welding.

[0115] The busbars 30 of the embodiment of the application are connected to the collecting electrodes that collect the current generated by the cell body 10. The busbars 30 bundle and transmit the current collected by the collecting electrodes. The busbars 30 can be arranged either on the front or the back of the cell body 10. The application does not limit the exact position. In practical application, those skilled in the art can determine the arrangement as needed.

[0116] It should be noted that the busbars 30 are conductive.

[0117] As in Fig. As shown in Figures 7 to 9, in this embodiment, along the second direction B, the distance between two adjacent busbars 30 near the edge of the cell body 10 is defined as the first distance a, and the distance between two adjacent busbars 30 relatively farther from the edge is defined as the second distance b. It is understood that along the second direction B, the first distance a is closer to the side edge of the cell body 10 compared to the second distance b. The first distance a is greater than the second distance b.

[0118] In the embodiment of the application, along the second direction B, the distance between two adjacent busbars 30 near the edge of the cell body 10 is defined as the first distance a, and the distance between two adjacent busbars 30 relatively farther from the edge is defined as the second distance b, with the first distance a being set larger than the second distance b. Thus, the charge carrier collection efficiency is increased, current mismatch is reduced, and cracking due to edge welding is avoided.

[0119] Optionally, the following conditions can be met: 0 < a - b ≤ 5 mm; and / or 15 mm ≤ a ≤ 25 mm and 15 mm ≤ b ≤ 25 mm.

[0120] In the embodiment of the application, along the second direction B, the difference between the first distance a between adjacent busbars 30 located relatively close to the edge of the cell body 10 and the second distance b between adjacent busbars 30 located relatively far from the edge of the cell body 10 is set to a value greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm. This aims to balance the current collection and improve the photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0121] For example, the difference between the first distance a and the second distance b can be set to 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm or 4 mm.

[0122] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the application, no further restrictions are placed on the specific lengths of the first distance a and the second distance b. The only condition is that the first distance a must be smaller than the second distance b. In practical application, those skilled in the art can determine the specific values for the second distance b and the first distance a as needed.

[0123] In the embodiment of the application, the first distance a between two adjacent busbars 30 near the edge of the cell body 10 is set to a value greater than or equal to 15 mm and less than or equal to 25 mm along the second direction B. For example, the first distance a can be 15 mm, 17 mm, 19 mm, 21 mm, 23 mm, or 25 mm.

[0124] In the embodiment of the application, the second distance b between two adjacent busbars 30 relatively farther from the edge is also set to a value greater than or equal to 15 mm and less than or equal to 25 mm along the second direction B. For example, the second distance b can be 15 mm, 16 mm, 18 mm, 20 mm, 22 mm, 24 mm, or 25 mm.

[0125] For example, with a first distance a of 20 mm, the second distance b can be 15 mm. With a first distance a of 22 mm, the second distance b can be 17 mm.

[0126] Alternatively, as in Fig. 7 to 9, the busbar 30 comprises interconnection sections 31 and a connecting line 32 along the first direction A, wherein the interconnection sections 31 are formed in multiple numbers and arranged at a distance from one another, and the connecting line 32 is electrically connected to the plurality of interconnection sections 31.

[0127] As in Fig. As shown in Figures 7 to 9, the busbars 30 in the embodiment of the application comprise a plurality of interconnection sections 31 arranged at a distance along the first direction A. The busbars 30 are formed by the electrical connection of the plurality of interconnection sections 31 by means of the connecting line 32. The busbars 30 serve to concentrate the current generated by the cell body 10.

[0128] It should be noted that in this embodiment of the application, the solder strips 40 are connected to the surface of the cell body 10 via the interconnection portions 31 to collect and transmit the current generated by the cell body 10.

[0129] For example, the solder strips 40 can be soldered to the interconnection sections 31.

[0130] As in Fig. 2, the embodiment of the application also discloses a solar cell comprising two of the solar cells described in the previous embodiments. It should be understood that the solar cell in the previous embodiments represents the minimum unit of a solar cell, while the solar cell in this embodiment of the application comprises two such minimum units.

[0131] By way of example, the solar cell in the previous embodiments is a half solar cell, while the solar cell in this embodiment of the application comprises two half solar cells; that is, the solar cell in this embodiment of the application is a full solar cell. Optionally, L1 corresponds to the short side of the half solar cell and L2 to the long side of the half solar cell; L1 corresponds to the long side of the full solar cell and L2 to the short side of the full solar cell.

[0132] As in Fig. 2, the solar cell in the embodiment of the application also comprises two graphic areas 20 which are arranged offset along the first direction A in a solar cell.

[0133] It is understood that in the solar cell disclosed in the embodiment, the width of the cell body along the first direction A is L1, and the length of the cell body along the second direction B is L2. The number of first collecting electrodes and / or second collecting electrodes in the two graphic areas 20 is M.

[0134] Note that the specific parameters of the solar cell in this embodiment of the application will not be further explained here. The specific parameters of the solar cell in this embodiment of the application are set according to the previous embodiments.

[0135] Furthermore, the solar cell comprising solar cells disclosed in this embodiment of the application has the same structure as the solar cell disclosed in the previous embodiments, and its advantageous effects are similar. Further details will not be discussed here.

[0136] Optionally, it is provided that, as in Fig. 2, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, the number of the first collecting electrode or the second collecting electrode is M and 0.9 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.8; or when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, the sum of the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is M and 0.9 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.8.

[0137] If the polarity of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is opposite, two types of electrodes with opposite polarity are located on the surface of the cell. The solar cell is a back-contact solar cell. The number of first collecting electrodes is M or the number of second collecting electrodes is M, where 0.9≤M / L1≤1.8.

[0138] In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the number M of the first collecting electrode or the second collecting electrode to the width L1 of the cell body 10 is set to be greater than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1.8, so that the surface of the cell body 10 has enough collecting electrodes to ensure the current collection efficiency of the solar cell and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0139] For example, if the polarities of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode are opposite, the width of the cell body 10 along the first direction A is L1 and the number of first collecting electrodes is M, where M / L1 = 0.9. Alternatively, M / L1 = 1.2. If the polarities of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode are opposite, the width of the cell body 10 along the first direction A is L1 and the number of second collecting electrodes is M, where M / L1 = 1.5. Alternatively, M / L1 = 1.8.

[0140] It should be noted that when the polarities of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode are opposite, that is, when the solar cell is a back-contacted solar cell, if the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is not the same, the number of M must be the larger number of the first collecting electrode or the second collecting electrode.

[0141] If the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, this means that only electrodes of a single polarity are arranged on the surface of the solar cell. The solar cell is a double-sided solar cell. The sum of the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is M, which corresponds to 0.9≤M / L1≤1.8.

[0142] In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the sum M of the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode to the width L1 of the cell body 10 is set to be greater than or equal to 0.9 and less than or equal to 1.8, so that the surface of the cell body 10 has enough collecting electrodes to ensure the current collection efficiency of the solar cell and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0143] For example, when the polarity of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is the same, the width of the cell body 10 is L1 along the first direction A, and the sum of the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is M, which corresponds to M / L1 = 0.9. Alternatively, M / L1 = 1.25. Alternatively, M / L1 = 1.5. Alternatively, M / L1 = 1.8.

[0144] Preferably, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 0.93 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.5 holds; and / or when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 0.93 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.5 holds. Thus, the surface of the cell body 10 has enough collecting electrodes to ensure the current collection efficiency of the solar cell and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0145] Optional is, as in Fig. 2, the cell body 10 is provided with chamfers, wherein the two ends of the first side edge 11 are directly connected to the chamfers and the two ends of the second side edge 12 are also directly connected to the chamfers. The graphic region 20 comprises two regions that are offset along the first direction A, wherein the distance D3 between the two graphic regions 20 satisfies the condition 0.5 ≤ D3 / 2D1 ≤ 1.

[0146] As in Fig. 2, in the embodiment of the application, along the first direction A, the distance between the two graphic regions 20 is set as D3, where 0.5 ≤ D3 / 2D1 ≤ 1. By the above setting, the area of the graphic region 20 can be increased and the position of the graphic region 20 can be clarified to maximize the utilization of the surface area of the cell body 10 and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0147] Furthermore, the area between the two graphic areas 20 may be divided by cutting after cell fabrication, which may result in partial cutting damage. Therefore, the ratio D3 / 2D1 is set to less than or equal to 1. However, D3 should not be too small, and too small a value of D3 will affect the carrier collection area. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, D3 / 2D1 is set to a value greater than or equal to 0.5.

[0148] For example, D3 / 2D1=0.5; or D3 / 2D1=0.7; or D3 / 2D1 =0.9; or D3 / 2D1=1.

[0149] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the application, the distance D3 between the two graphic areas 20 is defined as the distance between the collecting electrode within one graphic area 20 that is closest to the other graphic area 20 and the collecting electrode within the other graphic area 20 that is closest to the first graphic area 20.

[0150] Optionally, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, in the same graphical area, the distance between the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode, which are adjacent, along the first direction is AN and 11.00 ≤ L1 / (D1 + N)) ≤ 37.02; and / or where N ≤ D1 ≤ 2N.

[0151] When the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, i.e., in the case of a back-contacted solar cell, the back of the cell body 10 has a plurality of first collecting electrodes and a plurality of second collecting electrodes. Here, both the first and second collecting electrodes extend along the second direction B and are arranged alternately along the first direction A on the back of the cell body 10. Along the first direction A, the distance between the adjacent first and second collecting electrodes is N, where 11.00 ≤ L1 / (D1 + N) ≤ 37.02.

[0152] This arrangement increases the alignment accuracy of the electrode structure in back-contacted solar cells, reduces the transfer resistance and increases the photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0153] For example, L1 / (D1+N)=11.00. Alternatively, L1 / (D1+N)=15. Alternatively, L1 / (D1+N)=20. Alternatively, L1 / (D1+N)=25. Alternatively, L1 / (D1+N)=30. Alternatively, L1 / (D1+N)=35, etc.

[0154] In the embodiments of this application, the distance between adjacent first and second collecting electrodes is defined as N, and the distance between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11 itself is defined as D1, satisfying the condition N ≤ D1 ≤ 2N. This arrangement ensures that the charge carriers can be effectively collected at the edge of the solar cell, thereby improving the photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0155] Optionally, it is provided that, as Fig. 3, in the same graphic area 20 along the first direction A, the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes or two adjacent second collecting electrodes in the edge area is N1 and the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes or two adjacent second collecting electrodes in the center is N2, where D1 < N1 < N2 and / or where 2D1 > N1, or 2D1 > N2, or 2N1 > N2.

[0156] In the arrangement of the first and second collecting electrodes, as in the above-mentioned embodiments, the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes along the first direction A may be set equal. Alternatively, as in the embodiments of the application, the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes along the first direction A may be set unevenly, and the specific positions of the unequal distances may be selected according to actual needs.

[0157] For example, the distance between two adjacent collecting electrodes in the center within one and the same graphic area 20 can be the same, which promotes a uniform collection of charge carriers. The distance between adjacent collecting electrodes at the edge is reduced to create sufficient space for the distance D1 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11 itself.

[0158] Optionally, it is provided that, as in Fig. 2, along the second direction B, the length of the cell body 10 is L2 and the distance between a position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the respective edge of the cell body 10 is D2; wherein, if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 150 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 750 applies; and / or wherein, if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 50 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 650 applies.

[0159] Along the second direction B, an increase in the length L2 of the cell body 10 leads to increased transmission resistance and longer fingers. The distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B must be adjusted. Along the second direction B, a reduction in the length L2 of the cell body 10 leads to increased shading and shorter fingers. The distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B must also be adjusted.

[0160] However, if the distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B is too small, the tolerance for electrode misalignment decreases, which complicates alignment and reduces the yield of the fingers. If the distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B is too large, charge carriers cannot be collected effectively, resulting in power losses and reduced photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0161] By controlling the L2 / D2 ratio, the design requirements for D2 can be met for different cell sizes, thereby facilitating finger alignment, reducing charge carrier loss, and increasing the cell's photoelectric efficiency while taking into account transfer resistance and shadowing losses.

[0162] In back-contact solar cells, both positive and negative fingers are arranged on the back side, with the distance between adjacent positive and negative fingers being larger, resulting in longer charge carrier transport distances. Compared to double-contact solar cells, an increase in L2 in back-contact cells exacerbates the difficulties of charge carrier transport.

[0163] Likewise, in back-contact solar cells, the positive and negative fingers located exclusively on the back lead to higher shading losses. Compared to solar cells with double-sided contact, a reduction in L2 in back-contact solar cells further exacerbates shading losses.

[0164] Therefore, the extent of D2 adjustment after an L2 change is different for back-contacted solar cells and double-contacted solar cells. To overcome the aforementioned increased losses, D2 will be smaller for back-contacted solar cells and the L2 / D2 ratio will be slightly larger.

[0165] As in Fig. 2, for a rectangular structure of the cell body 10, the length of the cell body 10 along the second direction B is L2. Along the second direction B, the distance between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 is defined as D2.

[0166] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the application, the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B corresponds to the position of the end of the collecting electrode facing the edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B. D2 is thus the distance along the second direction B between the end facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10.

[0167] When the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, i.e., in the case of a back-contacted solar cell, 150 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 750. In the embodiments of this application, the ratio between the length L2 of the cell body 10 and the distance D2 between the position of the graphic region 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B is set to a value greater than or equal to 150 and less than or equal to 750 in order to take into account the difficulty of charge carrier transport and shadowing losses by the electrodes and, at the same time, to achieve reduction of the alignment difficulty of the electrodes, reduction of the risk of electrode overlap connection, improvement of the yield, and increase of the photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0168] For example, the ratio of the length L2 of the cell body 10 to the distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B with opposite polarities of the first and second collecting electrodes can assume the following values: 150, 180, 200, 220, 240, 260, 280, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700 or 750.

[0169] When the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarities, that is, in the case of a double-sided solar cell, 50 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 650. In the embodiments of this application, the ratio between the length L2 of the cell body 10 and the distance D2 between the position of the graphic region 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B is set to a value greater than or equal to 50 and less than or equal to 650 in order to take into account the difficulty of charge carrier transport and shadowing losses by the electrodes and, at the same time, to achieve reduction of the alignment difficulty of the electrodes, reduction of the risk of electrode overlap connection, improvement of the yield, and increase of the photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0170] For example, the ratio of the length L2 of the cell body 10 to the distance D2 between the position of the graphic area 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B, with the same polarity of the first and second collecting electrodes, can assume the following values: 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150, 170, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600 or 650.

[0171] For a complete solar cell with a rectangular structure, for example, the cell width L1 = 210 mm along the first direction A and the cell length L2 = 182.2 mm along the second direction B. The limiting dimensions are as follows: L1 / D1 = 210 / 2 / 0.3 = 350 and / or L2 / D2 = 182.2 / 0.3 = 607. It should be noted that the ratios L1 / D1 and L2 / D2 can be used either individually or in combination in the embodiment of the application. This applies to all subsequent cases and will not be mentioned repeatedly.

[0172] If the width of cell L1 in the first direction A is 210 mm and the length of cell L2 in the second direction B is 182.2 mm, the dimensions suitable for mass production are: L1 / D1=210 / 2 / 0.4=263 and / or L2 / D2=182.2 / 0.4=456.

[0173] If the width L1 of the cell in the first direction A is 210 mm and the length L2 of the cell Lin in the second direction B is 182.2 mm, the size of the divided wafer during the cell manufacturing process or after cell preparation is as follows: L1 / D1=210 / 2 / 0.6=175 and / or L2 / D2=182.2 / 0.6=304.

[0174] It should be noted that the dimensional tolerance of the cell dimensions is within ±0.25 mm in all of the above cases. In the embodiments of the application, all cell dimension tolerances are within ±0.25 mm.

[0175] Optionally, it is provided that D1 ≥ D2 applies.

[0176] In the embodiments of the application, the distance D1 between the position of the graphic region 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11 is set to a value greater than or equal to the distance D2 between the position of the graphic region 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B. That is, the distance D2 between the position of the graphic region 20 facing the edge of the cell body 10 and the corresponding edge of the cell body 10 along the second direction B is less than or equal to the distance D1 between the position of the graphic region 20 facing the first side edge 11 and the first side edge 11. This arrangement ensures that the edge region of the solar cell has a suitable current collection area, thereby ensuring the photoelectric efficiency of the solar cell.

[0177] Optionally, it is provided that, as in Fig. 2, in the case of a rectangular or rectangular-like cell body 10, the following applies: if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, L1 / 2D1≤L2 / D2; and / or if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, L1 / 2D1≥L2 / D2.

[0178] For a rectangular or rectangular-like cell body 10, if the first and second collecting electrodes have opposite polarity (i.e., for back-contacted solar cells), L1 / 2D1 ≤ L2 / D2 applies. For a rectangular or rectangular-like cell body 10, if the first and second collecting electrodes have the same polarity (i.e., for solar cells with contact on both sides), L1 / 2D1 ≥ L2 / D2 applies.

[0179] It should be noted that the rectangle-like structure in the application (as in Fig. 2) describes a cell body 10 whose first side edge 11 is provided with chamfers at both ends and whose second side edge 12 is provided with chamfers at both ends. These chamfers can be either round or square. The application does not specify any specific restrictions in this regard. In practical application, specialists can determine the design as needed.

[0180] Optionally, it is provided that 75 mm ≤ L1 ≤ 175 mm applies; and / or wherein along the second direction B the length of the cell body 10 is L2, where 150 mm ≤ L2 ≤ 350 mm applies; and / or wherein the area of the cell body 10 is S, where 11250 mm 2 ≤ S / 2 ≤ 61250 mm 2 applies.

[0181] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 2, the cell body 10 in the embodiment of the application has a rectangular structure. Along the first direction A, the width of the cell body 10 is L1, while along the second direction B, the length of the cell body 10 is L2.

[0182] The following applies: 75 mm ≤ L1 / 2 ≤ 175 mm. For example, L1 / 2=75 mm; or L1 / 2=80 mm; or L1 / 2=100 mm; or L1 / 2=125 mm; or L1 / 2=150 mm; or L1 / 2=175 mm.

[0183] The following applies: 150 mm ≤ L2 ≤ 350 mm. For example, L2=150 mm; or L2=175 mm; or L2=200 mm; or L2=225 mm; or L2=250 mm; or L2=300 mm; or L2=350 mm.

[0184] In the embodiments of the application, the area of the cell body 10 is S. In the case of a rectangular structure of the cell body 10, this area S corresponds to the product of the width L1 and the length L2 of the cell body 10. 11250 mm 2 ≤ S / 2 ≤ 61250 mm 2 For example, S / 2=11250 mm 2; or S / 2=28125 mm 2 ; or S / 2=37500 mm 2 ; or S / 2=61250 mm 2 .

[0185] Optionally, it is provided that 50 ≤ M / 2 ≤ 225 applies.

[0186] For back-contacted solar cells, the number M of the first collecting electrodes or the second collecting electrodes in the graphic area 20 is 50 ≤ M / 2 ≤ 225. This ensures a sufficient number of collecting electrodes in the graphic area 20, optimal current collection efficiency of the solar cell and an improved photoelectric conversion rate.

[0187] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the application, the number M of collecting electrodes denotes the total number of all collecting electrodes in both graphic areas 20 on the complete solar cell. It should be understood that the number of collecting electrodes in a single graphic area 20 is M / 2.

[0188] For example, M / 2=50; or M / 2=100; or M / 2=150; or M / 2=175; or M / 2=200; or M / 2=225.

[0189] For double-sided contacted solar cells, M corresponds to the sum of the numbers of first and second collecting electrodes in the graphic area 20, where 50 ≤ M 2 ≤ 225. This ensures a sufficient number of collecting electrodes in the graphic area 20, optimal current collection efficiency of the solar cell, and an improved photoelectric conversion rate.

[0190] For example, M / 2=50; or M / 2=75; or M / 2=125; or M / 2=150; or M / 2=200; or M / 2=225.

[0191] According to another aspect, the cell body comprises a substrate and a doped semiconductor layer formed on the substrate. In back-contact solar cells, both the p-doped semiconductor region and the n-doped semiconductor region are arranged on the same surface of the solar cell. The greater the distance between adjacent p-doped semiconductor regions or n-doped semiconductor regions, the longer the charge carrier separation and transport distance. As the cell width along the first direction increases, charge carrier transport becomes more difficult in back-contact solar cells compared to double-contact solar cells. In back-contact solar cells, both the p-doped semiconductor region and the n-doped semiconductor region are arranged on the back side of the solar cell, which leads to greater losses of the active power generation area compared to double-contact solar cells.This means that when the width of the solar cell decreases along the first direction, the losses of the active power generation area are more pronounced in back-contacted solar cells. In addition, the edge insulation requirements are higher for double-contacted solar cells than for back-contacted solar cells. Therefore, the extent of adjustment of the distance between the boundary of the doped semiconductor layer facing the first side edge and the first side edge differs for back-contacted and double-contacted solar cells when the cell width changes along the first direction. To overcome the above-mentioned increased losses and meet the edge insulation requirements of different cell types, the ratio of the cell width along the first direction to the distance between the boundary of the doped semiconductor layer facing the first side edge and the first side edge is slightly increased in back-contacted solar cells.

[0192] Since the width of the doped semiconductor layer is typically larger than the width of the electrodes, the alignment accuracy requirements of the doped semiconductor layer are more stringent after a cell size change. Furthermore, in addition to its actual function, the doped semiconductor layer must also be matched to the electrodes. Typically, the fingers are located in the center of the doped semiconductor layer. However, deviations can occur in practice. Excessive deviations can cause contact fingers of the electrodes to protrude beyond the area of the doped semiconductor layer, leading to leakage current risks. Therefore, a minimum distance between electrodes and the doped semiconductor layer is required, for example, at least 0.005 mm.

[0193] As in Fig. 10, the present embodiment of the application discloses a solar cell. It comprises: a cell body 10 including a substrate 100 and a doped semiconductor layer 101 formed on the substrate; and a graphic region 20 disposed on the surface of the cell body and having a plurality of collecting electrodes, the collecting electrodes electrically contacting the doped semiconductor layer. The substrate has a first side edge 11 and a second side edge 12 disposed opposite one another.The distance between the boundary of the doped semiconductor layer facing the first side edge and the first side edge is d1; along the second direction, the distance between the boundary of the doped semiconductor layer facing the edge of the cell body and the corresponding edge of the cell body is d2; along the first direction, the distance between the boundary of the doped semiconductor layer facing the second side edge and the second side edge is d3.

[0194] It is understood that in the solar cell disclosed in the embodiment, the width of the cell body is L1 along the first direction A, and the length of the cell body is L2 along the second direction B. In the case of back-contacted solar cells, L1 / d1 ≥ 156 and L2 / d2 ≥ 312; and / or in the case of double-sided contacted solar cells, L1 / d1 ≥ 131 and L2 / d2 ≥ 262.

[0195] For example, if the doped semiconductor layer at the edge region and the substrate have the same doping type, d1 = 0 mm. In practice, the doped semiconductor layer at the edge region is subject to a wet separation process, resulting in d1 = 10 µm to 50 µm in at least some areas. For half silicon wafers, the same conditions apply to d3 as for d1. For half solar cells, d3 = 0.01 mm to 0.595 mm, with the lower limit being used to consider cutting accuracy and the upper limit to consider possible cutting damage. For half solar cells, a value of d3 that is too small leads to severe cell damage during cutting, so d3 must be greater than 0. In addition, larger spacing improves bifaciality, while excessive spacing reduces the active power generation area or increases the risk of misalignment between the collecting electrodes and the doped semiconductor layer, which increases the risk of leakage current.The selected range therefore takes into account bifaciality, active power generation area, cutting accuracy and leakage current risk.

[0196] For example, if the doped semiconductor layer at the edge region and the substrate have opposite doping types, the following applies: 0.01 mm ≤ d1 ≤ 0.595 mm and 0.01 mm ≤ d3 ≤ 0.595 mm. In practice, the doped semiconductor layer near the first side edge is subjected only to laser isolation, while the doped semiconductor layer near the second side edge undergoes both laser isolation and laser cutting, which is why d3 > d1 applies. The selection criteria for d1 and d3 correspond to those for d3 when the doped semiconductor layer at the edge region and the substrate have the same doping type, and further explanation is not required here.

[0197] In summary, 0 mm ≤ d1 ≤ 0.595 mm and 0.01 mm ≤ d3 ≤ 0.595 mm apply, with dimensions suitable for mass production being d1 or d3 = 0.01 mm to 0.2 mm. These ranges apply to both back-contacted and double-contacted cells. These ranges also apply to both half-cells and full cells.

[0198] For example, if the doped semiconductor layer at the edge region and the substrate have the same doping type, d2 = 0 mm. In practice, the doped semiconductor layer at the edge region undergoes a wet separation process, resulting in d2 = 10 µm to 50 µm in at least some areas.

[0199] For example, if the doped semiconductor layer at the edge region and the substrate have opposite doping types, the following applies: 0.01 mm ≤ d2 ≤ 0.595 mm.

[0200] For example, d2 = 0 mm applies if the doped semiconductor layer at the edge region has the same doping type as the substrate at one edge, while 0.01 mm ≤ d2 ≤ 0.595 mm applies if the doped semiconductor layer at the edge region has an opposite doping type to the substrate at the other edge. The one edge and the other edge comprise some of the edges running along the first direction and opposite each other, i.e. the two opposite short sides which are in Fig. 1 are arranged on the left and right, respectively. Of course, through process optimization, both sides can be set to the same d2 value to enable different finger arrangements and module layouts. For example, d2 = 0 mm can apply to both sides, allowing both the doped semiconductor layer and the collecting electrodes to extend to the cell edge. This increases the active current generation area of the doped semiconductor layer and improves charge carrier collection at the cell edge.

[0201] In summary, 0 mm ≤ d2 ≤ 0.595 mm applies, with dimensions suitable for mass production being d2 = 0.01 mm to 0.2 mm. These ranges apply to both back-contacted cells and cells with contact on both sides. These ranges also apply to both half cells and full cells. The present application shows that the influence of L1 and L2 on d1 and d2 is particularly significant for large-format cells. Large-format cells are defined here as full cells with at least one edge length ≥ 156 mm or half cells with at least one edge length ≥ 78 mm.

[0202] For example, a full cell has dimensions of 156 x 156 mm, and for a half cell, L1=156 mm / 2=78 mm and L2=156 mm. For these cell sizes, d1 can be 0.01 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.45 mm, or 0.595 mm, and d2 can be 0.01 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.45 mm, or 0.595 mm. For example, d1=0.595 mm and d2=0.595 mm. In this case, for half solar cells, L1 / d1=131 and L2 / d2=262 result, which means that for large-format half solar cells, L1 / d1≥131 and L2 / d2≥262 apply; for full solar cells, L1 / d1=262 and L2 / d2=262 result, which means that for large-format full solar cells, L1 / d1≥262 and L2 / d2≥262 apply. This range theoretically applies to both double-sided contacted and back-contacted solar cells.

[0203] However, the actual design of solar cells must take into account the different properties of double-sided contacted and back-contacted solar cells. Double-sided contacted solar cells can use the above-mentioned ratio range, i.e., for half solar cells, L1 / d1≥131 and L2 / d 22 ≥262, for full solar cells, L1 / d1≥262 and L2 / d2≥262 apply. However, for back-contacted solar cells, d1 and d2 must be reduced, with the maximum value for d1 being 0.5 mm and the maximum value for d1 being 0.5 mm. In this case, for half back-contacted solar cells, L1 / d1=156 and L2 / d2=312 apply, which means that for large-format half back-contacted solar cells, L1 / d1≥156 and L2 / d2≥312 apply; for full back-contacted solar cells, L1 / d1=312 and L2 / d2=312 apply, which means that for large-format full back-contacted solar cells, L1 / d1≥312 and L2 / d 22 ≥312 applies.

[0204] For example, the dimensions of the complete solar cell are 192.4 x 182.3 mm, while for half a solar cell, L1=192.4 mm / 2=96.2 mm and L2=182.3 mm. Based on these cell dimensions, for back-contacted solar cells, d1 can be 0.01 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.45 mm, or 0.5 mm, and d2 can be 0.01 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.45 mm, or 0.5 mm. Using the half solar cell example, this results in L1 / d1=9620 and L2 / d2=1215.3 with d1=0.01 mm and d2=0.15 mm. For d1=0.2 mm and d2=0.2 mm, L1 / d1=481 and L2 / d2=911.5. Based on these cell dimensions, for back-contacted solar cells, d1 can be 0.01 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.45 mm, or 0.595 mm, and d2 can be 0.01 mm, 0.05 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.45 mm, or 0.595 mm.For example, L1 / d1=9620 and L2 / d2=1215.3 for d1=0.01 mm and d2=0.15 mm. For example, L1 / d1=481 and L2 / d2=911.5 for d1=0.2 mm and d2=0.2 mm.

[0205] As in Fig. As shown in Figure 11, the embodiment of the application also discloses a solar cell comprising two of the solar cells described in the previous embodiments. It should be understood that the solar cell in the previous embodiments represents the minimum unit of a solar cell, while the solar cell in this embodiment of the application comprises two such minimum units. The above-mentioned ranges for d1, d2, and d3 of half solar cells apply equally to full solar cells.

[0206] It is understood that in the solar cell disclosed in the embodiment, the width of the cell body is L1 along the first direction A, and the length of the cell body is L2 along the second direction B. The distance between the boundary of the doped semiconductor layer facing the first side edge and the first side edge is d1; along the second direction B, the distance between the boundary of the doped semiconductor layer facing the edge of the cell body and the corresponding edge of the cell body is d2. For large-format back-contacted complete solar cells, the following applies: L1 / (2d1) ≥ 156 and L2 / d2 ≥ 312; and / or for large-format double-sided contacted complete solar cells, the following applies: L1 / (2d1) ≥ 131 and L2 / d2 ≥ 262.

[0207] The embodiment of the application further discloses a photovoltaic module comprising a plurality of solar cells described in the above embodiments, wherein the plurality of solar cells are arranged at a distance from one another.

[0208] It should be noted that the solar cells included in this photovoltaic module are structurally identical to the solar cells described in the previous embodiments and have similar advantageous effects. This will not be discussed again.

[0209] It should be noted that individual embodiments have been explained progressively in the present specification. The focus for each embodiment has been to describe how it differs from other embodiments, and similarities between individual embodiments may be referenced.

[0210] Although optional embodiments of the present application have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they understand the basic inventive concept. Therefore, the appended claims should be construed to include preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present application.

[0211] Finally, it should be noted that, herein, terms such as "first" and "second" serve only to distinguish one item from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between such items. Furthermore, the terms "comprise," "include," or any variations thereof, are intended to be non-exclusive, so that items or terminals comprising a series of elements may include, in addition to such elements, other elements not explicitly listed or elements that the items or terminals comprise as standard. Without further limitation, where an element is further specified by the phrase "comprises a...", it is understood that other similar elements may also be present in the items or terminals comprising the element.

[0212] The technical solution of the present application has been described in detail. The principle and embodiments of the present application have been explained herein using concrete examples. Those skilled in the art will recognize that changes in the specific embodiment and scope of application are possible according to the principle and implementation method of the present application. In summary, the content of this description should not be construed as limiting the present application. QUOTES CONTAINED IN THE DESCRIPTION

[0000] This list of documents submitted by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the convenience of the reader. This list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions. Cited patent literature

[0000] CN 202421065934.9

[0001] CN 202411358089.9

[0001]

Claims

[1] Solar cell, characterized by that it includes: a cell body, wherein the width of the cell body along a first direction is L1; a graphic area disposed on a surface of the cell body, the graphic area having a plurality of collecting electrodes extending along a second direction, the collecting electrodes comprising a first collecting electrode and a second collecting electrode spaced apart along the first direction; the second direction being different from the first direction; wherein the cell body has a first side edge and a second side edge arranged opposite one another, the first side edge and the second side edge having portions extending along the second direction, the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the first side edge and the first side edge being D1; where, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 80 ≤ L1 / D1 ≤ 400; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 50 ≤ L1 / D1 ≤ 350. [2] Solar cell according to claim 1, characterized by that the cell body comprises a substrate and a doped semiconductor layer formed on the substrate, wherein the collecting electrodes electrically contact the doped semiconductor layer, wherein the first side edge and the second side edge are the side edges of the substrate, wherein the distance between a boundary of the doped semiconductor layer facing the first side edge and the first side edge is d1; where, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, L1 / d1 ≥ 156; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, L1 / d1 ≥ 131. [3] Solar cell according to claim 1, characterized by that when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, the number of the first collecting electrode or the second collecting electrode is M and 0.9 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.8; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, the sum of the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is M and 0.9 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.

8. [4] Solar cell according to claim 3, characterized by that when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 0.93 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.5; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 0.93 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.

5. [5] Solar cell according to claim 1 or 3, characterized by that the cell body further comprises a chamfer, the two ends of the first side edge being directly connected to the chamfer; wherein along the first direction the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the second side edge and the second side edge is D3, where 0.5 ≤ D3 / D1 ≤ 1. [6] Solar cell according to claim 1, characterized by that when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, the distance between the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode, which are adjacent, along the first direction is N and 11.00 ≤ L1 / (D1 + N) ≤ 37.02; and / or where N ≤ D1 ≤ 2N. [7] Solar cell according to claim 6, characterized bythat along the first direction the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes or two adjacent second collecting electrodes in the edge region is N1 and the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes or two adjacent second collecting electrodes in the center is N2, where D1 < N1 < N2 and / or where 2D1 > N1, or 2D1 > N2, or 2N1 > N2. [8] Solar cell according to claim 1, characterized by that along the second direction the length of the cell body is L2 and the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the edge of the cell body and the respective edge of the cell body is D2; wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 150 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 750; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 50 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 650. [9] Solar cell according to claim 2, characterized by that along the second direction the distance between a boundary of the doped semiconductor layer facing the edge of the cell body and the respective edge of the cell body is d2; where, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, L2 / d2 ≥ 312; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, L2 / d2 ≥ 262. [10] Solar cell according to claim 8, characterized by that D1 ≥ D2. [11] Solar cell according to claim 8, characterized by that for rectangular or rectangular-like cell bodies, the following applies: when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, L1 / D1 ≤ L2 / D2; and / or if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, L1 / D1 ≥ L2 / D2. [12] Solar cell according to claim 1, characterized by that 75 mm ≤ L1 ≤ 175 mm; and / or wherein along the second direction the length of the cell body is L2, where 150 mm ≤ L2 ≤ 350 mm; and / or wherein the area of the cell body is S, where 11250 mm 2 ≤ S ≤ 61250 mm 2 applies. [13] Solar cell according to claim 3, characterized by that 50 ≤ M ≤ 225. [14] Solar cell, characterized by that it includes: a cell body, wherein the width of the cell body along a first direction is L1; a graphic region, wherein the graphic region is arranged on a surface of the cell body and is provided in a number of two, wherein the two graphic regions are arranged spaced apart along the first direction, wherein the graphic region has a plurality of collecting electrodes extending along a second direction, wherein the collecting electrodes comprise a first collecting electrode and a second collecting electrode arranged spaced apart along the first direction; wherein the second direction is different from the first direction; wherein the cell body has a first side edge and a second side edge arranged opposite one another, wherein the first side edge and the second side edge have portions extending along the second direction, and wherein both the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the first side edge and the first side edge and the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the second side edge and the second side edge are D1; where, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 80 ≤ L1 / 2D1 ≤ 400; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 50 ≤ L1 / 2D1 ≤ 350. [15] Solar cell according to claim 14, characterized bythat when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, the number of the first collecting electrode or the second collecting electrode is M and 0.9 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.8; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, the sum of the number of the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode is M and 0.9 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.

8. [16] Solar cell according to claim 15, characterized by that when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 0.93 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.5; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 0.93 ≤ M / L1 ≤ 1.

5. [17] Solar cell according to claim 14, characterized bythat the cell body further comprises a chamfer, wherein the two ends of the first side edge and the two ends of the second side edge are directly connected to the chamfer; where along the first direction the distance between the two graphic areas is D3, where 0.5 ≤ D3 / 2D1 ≤ 1. [18] Solar cell according to claim 17, characterized by that when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, in the same graphical area, the distance between the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode, which are adjacent, along the first direction is N and 11.00 ≤ L1 / (2(D1 + N)) ≤ 37.02; and / or where N ≤ D1 ≤ 2N. [19] Solar cell according to claim 18, characterized bythat in the same graphic area along the first direction, the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes or two adjacent second collecting electrodes in the edge area is N1 and the distance between two adjacent first collecting electrodes or two adjacent second collecting electrodes in the center is N2, where D1 < N1 < N2 and / or where 2D1 > N1, or 2D1 > N2, or 2N1 > N2. [20] Solar cell according to claim 14, characterized by that along the second direction the length of the cell body is L2 and the distance between a position of the graphic area facing the edge of the cell body and the respective edge of the cell body is D2; wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, 150 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 750; and / or wherein, when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, 50 ≤ L2 / D2 ≤ 650. [21] Solar cell according to claim 20, characterized by that D1 ≥ D2. [22] Solar cell according to claim 20, characterized by that for rectangular or rectangular-like cell bodies, the following applies: when the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have opposite polarities, L1 / 2D1 ≤ L2 / D2; and / or if the first collecting electrode and the second collecting electrode have the same polarity, L1 / 2D ≥ L2 / D2. [23] Solar cell according to claim 14, characterized by that 75 mm ≤ L1 / 2 ≤ 175 mm; and / or wherein along the second direction the length of the cell body is L2, where 150 mm ≤ L2 ≤ 350 mm; and / or wherein the area of the cell body is S, where 11250 mm 2 ≤ S / 2 ≤ 61250 mm 2 applies. [24] Solar cell according to claim 15, characterized by that 50 ≤ M / 2 ≤ 225. [25] Photovoltaic module, characterized by that it comprises a plurality of solar cells according to one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the plurality of solar cells are arranged at a distance from one another.

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