EASY-TO-USE REFINING OF PLANT CHARCOAL IN A REFINER WITH HIGH SUSTAINABILITY FOR USE IN FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICALS

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an easily manageable refinement of biochar in a comminution device comprising two ball mills, wherein the first ball mill comprises an inlet for feeding a grinding container with a first grinding material, preferably biochar, and the grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, at least one drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same to generate movements of the grinding container and / or grinding balls, the grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is formed on the bottom, the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is curved outwards in cross-section, preferably partially circular, such as semicircular,a part of the bottom of the grinding container is designed as an outlet for passing the treated biochar with a first sieve via a line connected to the outlet to an inlet of a second ball mill, as well as a method for refining biochar.

[0002] A shredding device is known from US 3078050 A.

[0003] In livestock farming, high demands are placed on feed in order to provide the highest possible nutritional value. This ensures that the livestock used in livestock farming, such as cattle (e.g. high-performance cattle), horses, sheep and goats, are comprehensively supplied with nutrients such as proteins, amino acids, cellulose, vitamins, carbohydrates, minerals, etc. The availability of nutrients is particularly important in feed, as the livestock organism can only achieve the desired results, such as milk and meat production, in the presence of these nutrients. It has been shown, for example, that amino acids, as the building blocks of proteins in feed, are made available to the cattle organism in varying quantities. The amount of amino acids to be made available from the feed can, if necessary,can be increased by additives, as these can facilitate the breakdown of feed in the digestive tract.

[0004] It is also known that the fat-soluble vitamins in feedstuffs are only made available to the body in the presence of fats, carotene, etc. The nutrients from feedstuffs, which are broken down in the digestive tract by bacteria, enzymes, etc., are further processed in the body. Furthermore, the bacterial flora of the digestive tract is essential for the absorption of nutrients from feedstuffs after they have been processed in the digestive tract of livestock. Therefore, livestock farming strives to add additives to feedstuffs to facilitate the processing, such as digestion, of the feedstuff in the digestive tract of livestock and to provide the livestock with the most comprehensive feedstuff content, including all the available substances.

[0005] In the past, it has been observed that the addition of liquid containing charcoal-containing substances to stabilize the enzymatic processes in the digestive tract of farm animals, especially cattle, does lead to a stabilization of the enzymatic processes in the digestive tract of farm animals, albeit insufficiently. However, the stabilization of the enzymatic processes in the digestive tract of farm animals is negligible.

[0006] Therefore, efforts have been made, albeit unsuccessfully, to change the composition of substances such as charcoal-containing substances in the hope of promoting the enzymatic processes in the digestive tract of farm animals caused by bacteria, endogenous enzymes, etc.

[0007] The object of the invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art.

[0008] Therefore, it is also an object of the invention to provide such an additive in such a way that the additive supports the breakdown of feed into the nutrients, such as cellulose, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, etc., from the feed.

[0009] Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide such an additive in such a way that the additive also supports and promotes the processing, such as the degradation, of the nutrients extracted from the feed, such as cellulose, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, etc.

[0010] In addition, the additive is intended to facilitate or promote the absorption of the nutrients processed in this way from the digestive tract into the organism of the farm animal.

[0011] In some cases, charred charcoal from wood has been added to feed as an additive in the state of the art, but this additive has only a very small effect on the digestion of the feed and the presentation of feed mixed with the conventional additive, so that this type of additive is considered to be of little promise.

[0012] The methods known in the state of the art for comminution of biochar carbonized from wood do indeed provide crushed biochar, but this does not lead to any effective support of the digestion of feed in the digestive tract of farm animals.

[0013] Therefore, it is also the object of the invention to process and thus refine an additive, such as biochar, in such a way that it is able not only to facilitate the feed and its processing in the digestive tract of farm animals, but also to transfer the nutrients contained in the feed to the organism as comprehensively as possible, i.e. quantitatively.

[0014] This is how the one Biochar produced using conventional methods is crushed using conventional drum mills, such as ball mills. one Drum mill andThe grinding media consist of rods with a polygonal cross-section, which are located in the rotating drum body, which has a polygonal cross-section geometrically similar to the grinding media cross-section, preferably hexagonal. The biochar produced with this ball mill remains ineffective in processing feed in the digestive tract of farm animals.

[0015] The biochar produced with the drum mill disclosed in DE 290 409 also uses a ball mill, which consists of a drum containing the biochar and at least one loosely positioned hammer within it, occupying almost the entire length of the drum. This hammer is alternately lifted as the drum rotates and falls back onto the material under its own weight. Thus, the crushing drum, with its smooth inner wall and three- or four-sided cross-section, produces crushed biochar that already has a different external appearance. The biochar produced with this ball mill is ineffective with regard to the processing of feed in the digestive tract of farm animals.

[0016] The comminution device disclosed in EP 3 057 710 B1 also comprises a ball mill consisting of a rotating grinding chamber in which the material to be ground is ground by grinding media. The conventional ball mill has a grinding container consisting of a horizontally rotatably mounted, approximately circular-cylindrical wall. The charcoal to be treated is fed through a central opening in one of the end walls of the grinding container, the so-called material inlet. The biochar produced with this ball mill has no effect on the processing of feed in the digestive tract of farm animals.

[0017] Therefore, it is also an object of the invention to refine the biochar in such a way that the ball mill to be provided and the process to be provided provide as many options as possible for influencing the ground material in order to achieve thorough and uniform fine comminution and dispersion of the biochar to increase the physiological effect.

[0018] For example, DE 29 32 783 uses a stirred ball mill for fine grinding, dispersing, homogenizing, and emulsifying, with monitoring of various operating parameters, such as temperature, feed pressure, throughput, volume of the grinding container, etc., in order to produce homogeneous biochar of uniform size and quality. Even the biochar crushed by this stirred ball mill showed no effect as an additive in animal feed.

[0019] The object of the invention is also to provide homogeneous biochar which has a shape, size and composition such that it is particularly suitable as an additive in animal feed.

[0020] It is also an object of the invention to provide the biochar in such a composition that is easy to produce and reliably leads to consistent refined biochar.

[0021] The process for producing biochar should also lead to repeatable results at low cost without the need for constant monitoring of the end products provided by the process.

[0022] The objects are solved by the main claim and the secondary claim. The subclaims relate to preferred embodiments and further developments of the invention.

[0023] The invention relates to an easily manageable comminution device for refining, preferably pulverizing, a biochar, which comprises at least, preferably two, ball mills, wherein The first ball mill for producing biochar particles comprises an inlet for feeding a grinding container of the first ball mill with a first grinding material, preferably biochar, and the grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, at least one drive unit, and a separating device. The drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same to generate movements of the grinding container. The grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is formed on the bottom, the inside of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is curved outwards in cross-section, preferably partially circular, such as semicircular. A part of the bottom of the grinding container is designed as an outlet for conveying the biochar particles, which outlet is connected to an inlet of a second ball mill via a line connected to the outlet, which is characterized in thatthat the outlet has a first sieve as a separating device of the first ball mill for separating the biochar particles from residues, the openings of the first sieve of the first ball mill correspond to one another, are elongated and angular in plan view and are aligned parallel to one another, the distance A between the opposing long opening walls of the first sieve that delimit the openings is a clear width or a distance of 1.1 to 6.0 mm, preferably 1.2 to 4.0 mm, even more preferably 1.5 mm or 2.5 mm, the distance B between the opposing short opening walls of the first sieve that delimit the openings is a clear width or a distance of 2.0 to 7.0 mm, preferably 2.5 to 5.0 mm or 2.5 to 6.0 mm, even more preferably 3.0 mm or 3.5 mm or 4.5 mm,In a region of the outer side of the separating device facing the inlet of the second ball mill, a coarse sieve with an opening that retains the grinding balls and serves as a passage for the biochar particles, which is smaller than the diameter of the balls of the first ball mill, is arranged in the line. The second ball mill comprises an inlet for feeding a grinding container with the biochar particles from the first ball mill and an outlet-having grinding container with a grinding chamber, a drive unit, and a separating device. The drive unit is coupled to the grinding container to generate movements of the grinding container. The grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is formed on the bottom, the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is curved outwards in cross-section, preferably partially circular, such as semicircular.the outlet has a second sieve as a separating device for classifying the treated biochar particles, the separating device of the second ball mill has a grid with a metallic material and a grid layer with plastics as the second sieve, which grid rests on the outer side of the grid layer facing the grinding container of the second ball mill and has square openings in plan view, the openings correspond to one another and have dimensions C of 0.8 to 1.3 mm x 0.8 to 1.3 mm, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 x 1.0 to 1.2 mm, even more preferably 1.1 x 1.1 mm or 1.1 x 1.1 mm, and / or the grinding containers contain grinding balls, the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a smaller diameter than the grinding balls of the second ball mill or a diameter identical to the diameter of the grinding balls of the second ball mill.

[0024] In addition, the invention is directed to the comminution device for refining biochar to biochar powder, which comprises at least one, preferably at least two, ball mills, wherein the first ball mill comprises a grinding container having a grinding chamber with an inlet for feeding it with a first grinding material, preferably with biochar, and an outlet for discharging biochar particles, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same to generate, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container and / or grinding balls therein, the grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is formed on the bottom, which is characterized in that preferably the inner wall or side of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is curved outwards in cross-section, preferably partially circular,a part of the bottom of the grinding container is designed as an outlet for conveying the treated biochar as biochar particles via a line connected to the outlet to an inlet of a grinding container of a second ball mill, the outlet having a first sieve as a separating device for separating the treated biochar from residues, such as foreign matter, the grinding container of the second ball mill, which has a grinding chamber, comprises the inlet for feeding it with biochar particles from the first ball mill and an outlet, a drive unit, and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving it to generate, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container and / or grinding balls therein, the grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is formed onto the bottom,Preferably, the inner wall or side of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is curved outwards in cross-section, preferably partially circular, such as semicircular; the outlet of the grinding container of the second ball mill has a second sieve as a separating device for classifying the biochar powder provided from biochar particles, the grinding containers contain grinding balls, the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a smaller diameter than the grinding balls of the second ball mill.

[0025] A further object of the invention is directed to biochar powder, which can be produced or is produced by means of the easily manageable comminution device for refining, such as pulverizing, biochar, which comprises two ball mills, wherein the first ball mill comprises an inlet for feeding a grinding container with a first grinding material, preferably biochar, and the grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same to generate, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container, the grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is formed on the bottom, which is characterized in that the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is curved outwards in cross-section, preferably partially circular, a part of the bottom of the grinding container is designed as an outlet for passing the treated biochar via a line connected to the outlet to an inlet of a second ball mill, the outlet has a first, preferably closable,A sieve as a separating device for separating the treated biochar from residues such as foreign matter, the second ball mill comprises the inlet for feeding a grinding container with the treated biochar from the first ball mill and a grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, a drive unit, and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container to generate, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container, the grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is formed on the bottom, the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is curved outwards in cross-section, preferably partially circular, the outlet has a second, preferably closable, sieve as a separating device for classifying the biochar powder provided from biochar particles, the grinding containers contain grinding balls,the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a smaller diameter than the grinding balls of the second ball mill.

[0026] Another object of the invention is also directed to a biochar pulverization plant for the production and refining, such as pulverization, of biochar to biochar powder, which comprises a plant for producing biochar from biomass particles in a moving bed comprising a shaft reactor with a shaft reactor shell comprising a head end and a foot end for receiving the biochar and a collecting device, as well as a comminution device connected to the collecting device of the plant. The plant comprises at least one particle conveyor for conveying the biomass particles into the shaft reactor, at least one aeration metering device for supplying air into the shaft reactor, the head end of the shaft reactor has an inlet opening and the foot end of the shaft reactor has a discharge opening, a central section is located between the head end and the foot end, a grid is arranged in an interior of the shaft reactor in a transition region between the central section of the shaft reactor and the foot end for supporting the bed,the foot end of the shaft reactor has the aeration metering device, the aeration metering device has an air duct and an outer pipe, the outer pipe receives an upper end of the air duct, the outer pipe is movably connected to the air duct, the air duct is connected to an outer air pipe through which air can be supplied from outside, the particle conveyor is arranged in the region of the head end, which comprises a chute, the chute has a continuously tiltable chute for the uniform, controlled, continuously radial distribution and feeding of the chute with biomass particles, the chute is designed to be tiltable about a horizontal pivot axis oriented transversely to the vertical axis of rotation,the hopper having a main drive device is rotatably driven by the drive device about the vertical axis of rotation for feeding the surface of the hopper in the area around the vertical axis of rotation thereof, the supply of air into the hopper is controlled by the aeration metering device in terms of air quantity and zone, the distance of an upper end of the outer tube from the underside of the grid can be determined and the outer tube can be displaced transversely to a central longitudinal axis of the shaft reactor, a collecting device arranged at a distance from the grid is arranged below or below the aeration metering device for extinguishing the biochar moved from the discharge opening of the shaft reactor, the collecting device is connected to the comminution device for transporting the biochar into the comminution device according to the invention, wherein the comminution device according to the invention is used for refining, preferably pulverizing,the biochar of the aforementioned plant is connected to the collecting device of the plant and comprises at least, preferably two, ball mills, wherein, for example, the first ball mill for producing biochar particles comprises an inlet for feeding a grinding container (3) of the first ball mill with a first grinding material, preferably biochar, and the grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, at least one drive unit (9) and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same to generate movements of the grinding container, the grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is formed on the bottom, the inside of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is curved outwards in cross-section, preferably part-circular, such as semicircular,is designed; a part of the bottom of the grinding container is designed as an outlet for conveying (drawing off) the biochar particles, which outlet is connected to an inlet of a second ball mill via a line connected to the outlet, characterized in that the outlet has a first sieve as a separating device of the first ball mill for separating the biochar particles from residues, the openings of the first sieve of the first ball mill correspond to one another, are elongated and angular in plan view and are aligned parallel to one another, preferably and offset from one another, the distance A between the opposite long opening walls of the first sieve delimiting the openings is a clear width or a distance of 1.1 to 6.0 mm, preferably 1.2 to 4.0 mm, even more preferably 1.5 mm,the distance B between the opposing short aperture walls of the first sieve, which delimit the apertures, has a clear width or distance of 2.0 to 5.0 mm, preferably 2.5 to 4.0 mm, even more preferably 3.0 or 3.5 mm, in a region of the outer side of the separating device facing the inlet of the second ball mill, a coarse sieve with an aperture that retains the grinding balls and serves as a passage opening for the biochar particles, which aperture is smaller than the diameter of the balls of the first ball mill, is arranged in the line, the second ball mill comprises an inlet for feeding a grinding container with the biochar particles from the first ball mill and an outlet having a grinding container with a grinding chamber, a drive unit, and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container to generate movements of the grinding container, the grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall,the grinding container wall is formed on the bottom, the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is curved outwards in cross-section, preferably partially circular, such as semicircular, the outlet has a second sieve as a separating device for classifying the treated biochar particles, the separating device of the second ball mill has a grid with a metallic material and a grid layer with plastics as the second sieve, which grid rests on the outer side of the grid layer facing the grinding container of the second ball mill and has square openings in plan view, the openings correspond to one another and have dimensions C of 0.8 to 1.3 mm x 0.8 to 1.3 mm, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 x 1.0 to 1.2 mm, even more preferably 1.1 x 1.1 mm or 1.1 x 1.1 mm, and / or the grinding containers contain grinding balls,the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a smaller diameter than the grinding balls of the second ball mill or a diameter identical to the diameter of the grinding balls of the second ball mill.

[0027] The invention also relates to the use of the biochar powder produced with the biochar pulverization plant or the comminution device as an additive in feed for farm animals, such as ruminants and pigs, in particular for promoting digestion in ruminants and pigs, for example to support the digestion of the feed in the digestive tract, in single feeds, in compound feed, for mixing into liquids to be administered to farm animals, e.g. for stabilizing the digestive tract of farm animals that is strained as a result of illness.

[0028] Another object of the invention is directed to biochar powder, producible or produced with biochar from biomass particles, e.g. by means of the biochar pulverization plant, which comprises a plant and a crushing device, the biochar is provided with the aid of the plant in a moving bed comprising a shaft reactor with a shaft reactor shell comprising a head end and a foot end for receiving the biochar, at least one particle conveyor for conveying the biomass particles into the shaft reactor, and at least one aeration metering device for supplying air into the shaft reactor. The head end of the shaft reactor has an inlet opening and the foot end of the shaft reactor has a discharge opening. A central section is located between the head end and the foot end. A grid is arranged in an interior of the shaft reactor in a transition area between the central section of the shaft reactor and the foot end to support the bed. The foot end of the shaft reactor has the aeration metering device. The aeration metering device has an air duct and an outer pipe.the outer tube accommodates an upper end of the air duct pipe, the outer tube is movably connected to the air duct pipe, the air duct pipe is connected to an outer air pipe through which air can be supplied from outside, the particle conveying device is arranged in the region of the head end and comprises a chute device, the chute device has a continuously tiltable chute for uniform, controlled, continuously radial distribution and feeding of the bed with biomass particles, the chute is designed to be tiltable about a horizontal pivot axis oriented transversely to the vertical axis of rotation, the chute device, which has a main drive device, is driven by the drive device to rotate about the vertical axis of rotation for feeding the surface of the bed in the region around the vertical axis of rotation, the supply of air into the bed is controlled by the aeration metering device in terms of air quantity and zone,the distance of an upper end of the outer tube from the underside of the grid can be fixed and the outer tube can be moved transversely to a central longitudinal axis of the shaft reactor, a collecting device arranged at a distance from the grid is arranged below or beneath the aeration metering device for extinguishing the biochar moved from the discharge opening of the shaft reactor, the collecting device is connected to the comminution device for transporting the biochar into the comminution device, which comprises two ball mills, wherein the first ball mill has an inlet for feeding a grinding container with a first grinding material, preferably biochar, from the plant by means of a transport device and the grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same to generate, preferably vibrating,Movements of the grinding container, the grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is formed on the bottom, which is characterized in that the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is curved outwards in cross-section, preferably partially circular, a part of the bottom of the grinding container is designed as an outlet for forwarding the treated biochar via a line connected to the outlet to an inlet of a second ball mill, the outlet has a first sieve as a separating device for separating the treated biochar from residues, such as foreign substances, the second ball mill comprises the inlet for feeding a grinding container with the treated biochar from the first ball mill and a grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container to generate,preferably vibrating movements of the grinding container, the grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is formed on the bottom, the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is curved outwards in cross-section, preferably partially circular, the outlet has a second sieve as a separating device for classifying the biochar powder provided from biochar particles, the grinding containers contain grinding balls, the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a smaller diameter than the grinding balls of the second ball mill.

[0029] An additional subject matter of the invention relates to the use of biochar produced by an environmentally friendly, independently controllable plant for the continuous production of biochar from biomass particles in a comminution device for pulverising the same, wherein The environmentally friendly, independently controllable system comprises a moving bed in a shaft reactor and includes a shaft reactor shell comprising a head end and a foot end for receiving the biochar, at least one particle conveyor for conveying the biomass particles into the shaft reactor, at least one aeration metering device for supplying air into the shaft reactor, the head end of the shaft reactor has an inlet opening and the foot end of the shaft reactor has a discharge opening, a central section is located between the head end and the foot end, a grid is arranged in an interior of the shaft reactor in a transition area between the central section of the shaft reactor and the foot end to support the bed, the foot end of the shaft reactor has the aeration metering device, the aeration metering device has an air duct and an outer pipe,the outer tube accommodates an upper end of the air duct pipe, the outer tube is movably connected to the air duct pipe, the air duct pipe is connected to an outer air pipe through which air can be supplied from outside, the particle conveying device is arranged in the region of the head end and comprises a chute device, the chute device has a continuously tiltable chute for the uniform, controlled, continuously radial distribution and feeding of the bed with biomass particles, the chute is designed to be tiltable about a horizontal pivot axis oriented transversely to the vertical axis of rotation, the chute device, which has a main drive device, is driven by the drive device to rotate about the vertical axis of rotation for feeding the surface of the bed in the region around the vertical axis of rotation, the supply of air into the bed is controlled by the aeration metering device in terms of air quantity and zone,wherein the distance of an upper end of the outer tube from the underside of the grid can be determined and the outer tube can be displaced transversely to a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft reactor.

[0030] Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the comminution device for producing biochar powder with a uniform powder particle size and shape, without being affected by residues of different sizes and shapes from biochar. The invention also relates to the use of the biochar pulverization plant for producing biochar powder with a uniform powder particle size and shape, without being affected by residues of different sizes and shapes from biomass particles.

[0031] The biochar according to the invention is refined in the comminution device according to the invention. Refining, within the meaning of the invention, also means pulverizing, grinding, and / or crushing the biochar, resulting in biochar powder from biochar with a uniform powder particle size and uniform powder particle shape, without impairment by residues of different sizes and shapes. In contrast to the prior art, the biochar powder is also characterized by the, in particular, largely uniform diameter of its particles and the, in particular, largely uniform shape or form of its particles.

[0032] For the purposes of the invention, charging the bed with the biomass particles, such as plant particles, wood particles, or the like, is also understood to mean filling the shaft reactor of the plant to a predetermined height with the biomass particles, such as plant particles, such as wood particles, and / or filling the surfaces of predetermined zones, e.g. the central zone or the outer zone, of the bed, or of partial areas of the central zone and / or outer zone, in particular at a predetermined height, with biomass particles.

[0033] For the purposes of the invention, wood also includes other feedstocks, such as wood derivatives, wood waste products, wood by-products, lignin lumps, and biomass moldings. For the purposes of the invention, wood particles also include wood lumps of various sizes and shapes, other feedstocks, such as wood derivatives, wood waste products, wood by-products, lignin lumps, and biomass moldings.

[0034] Classification, for the purposes of the invention, also includes the classification and / or separation of, for example, biochar according to size and / or shape, so that even uncharred or partially charred residues or biomass particles can be separated based on their size and / or shape. Classification, for the purposes of the invention, also includes the classification and / or separation of biochar powder according to size and / or shape.

[0035] For the purposes of the invention, biomass particles also include comminuted lumpy biomass intended for carbonization, lumpy wood of various sizes and shapes, and other feedstocks such as wood derivatives, wood waste products, wood by-products, lumpy lignin, shaped biomass bodies, pieces, or the like. For the sake of simplicity, biochar particles can also be used for charred biomass particles.

[0036] For the purposes of the invention, biochar is also understood to mean charred biomass, such as charred biomass particles, e.g. charred plant materials, for example charred wood, charred pieces of liquid manure or dung, or the like.

[0037] For the purposes of the invention, "biochar particles" also include crushed biochar, such as charcoal and the like. For the purposes of the invention, "charcoal" also includes lumpy charcoal, etc. For the purposes of the invention, "charcoal" and "charred wood particles" also include the charred wood-like materials specified in legal regulations.

[0038] The biochar according to the invention is refined in a comminution device comprising two ball mills. The first ball mill has an inlet in an upper region of the grinding container facing away from the floor for feeding a grinding chamber of a grinding container with a first grinding material, preferably biochar.

[0039] For the purposes of the invention, the first grinding material also means biochar which is produced by means of conventional methods and / or by means of the environmentally friendly, independently controllable plant for the continuous production of biochar from biomass particles and which can be or is fed to the first ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention.

[0040] For the purposes of the invention, second grinding material is also understood to mean biochar particles which are produced from biochar by the first ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention and which can be or are fed to the second ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention for the production of biochar powder.

[0041] In one embodiment of the easy-to-handle comminution device according to the invention, the first and / or second ball mills each have a grinding container which is hollow-cylindrical in a central region of the grinding container wall defining at least part of the interior of the grinding container, wherein the hollow-cylindrical grinding container wall tapers in a longitudinal section towards the bottom of the grinding container, so that the ratio of the diameter of the interior in the hollow-cylindrical region to the diameter of the bottom can be 1.2 to 1.8, preferably 1.47. At least one drive unit can be coupled to a gear on the outside of the hollow-cylindrical region of the grinding container. At least two drive units can also be coupled to a gear on the outside of the hollow-cylindrical region of the grinding container, which drive units can be coupled adjacently or opposite one another on the outside.Likewise, at least two drive units with their gears can be coupled in a V-shape on the outside of the hollow cylindrical area of ​​the grinding container, enclosing an angle of 35 to 45°, advantageously 40°.

[0042] The grinding container with its hollow cylindrical region can be eccentrically coupled to the drive axle or drive shaft of the drive unit, e.g. by means of a gear. Likewise, the hollow cylindrical region of the grinding container of the first and / or second ball mill can be coupled to the drive unit by means of an eccentric gear or unbalanced gear. The base of the grinding container can rest on conventional spring devices, such as coil springs, which are arranged on a base plate. In a further embodiment of the easy-to-handle comminution device according to the invention, the base plate can be eccentrically coupled to the drive axle or drive shaft of the drive unit, e.g. by means of a gear.

[0043] The above-mentioned and subsequently disclosed embodiments of the invention, such as the comminution device and the biochar pulverization plant, are preferably interchangeable and / or interlinkable with one another.

[0044] In another embodiment of the easy-to-handle comminution device according to the invention, the first and / or second ball mills each comprise a housing or frame, a support device which is movably mounted on the housing, e.g. rotatable about a rotation axis or central axis, a receiving device for the grinding container, at least one drive for the support device, and at least one drive for the receiving device. The grinding container can be eccentrically coupled to the drive axis or drive shaft of the drive unit, e.g. by means of a gear. Likewise, the grinding container of the first and / or second ball mill can be coupled to the drive unit by means of an eccentric gear or unbalanced gear. For example, the drives of the support device and the receiving device can preferably be counter-rotating, e.g. by means of coupled belt drives or by a single overall drive motor.Mass balancing devices with balancing masses can also typically be arranged on the receiving device and / or support device to create counter-inertia moments for the grinding containers. The mass balancing device with the balancing mass and an adjustment device for at least radial adjustment of the balancing mass can also be arranged on the support device in order to adapt the counter-inertia moment to the respective moment of inertia of the grinding container or ball mill, which depends on the grinding container and the filling, or to compensate for the moment of inertia.

[0045] The first ball mill and / or the second ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention can also be designed at least as part of a centrifugal ball mill, wherein the grinding containers are arranged eccentrically to the rotational axes or central axes, shafts, or drive axes of the drive units, but the rotation of the grinding containers about their own axis, central longitudinal axis, or central axis is prevented. For example, a built-in sprocket, a gear transmission, a toothed belt, a rod guide, a Schmidt coupling, or a similar device can be used to prevent the rotation of the grinding containers.

[0046] The drive units can act on the grinding containers via the receiving device and / or the support mechanism and / or gearing or directly in a manner known to those skilled in the art, such that the grinding balls in the grinding containers can move vertically, parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the grinding containers, radially to the central longitudinal axes of the grinding containers, around the central longitudinal axis of the grinding containers, and / or rotate about their own axis within the grinding containers. The grinding containers preferably have an opening as an inlet, which is arranged in an upper region of the grinding containers and is opposite the bottom of the grinding containers.

[0047] It proves to be particularly advantageous if the usable volume of the grinding container of the first ball mill to the usable volume of the grinding container of the second ball mill has a ratio of 5.0 to 12.0, preferably 8.0 to 10.0, even more preferably 9.17; in another embodiment, the ratio of the usable volume of the grinding container of the first ball mill to the usable volume of the grinding container of the second ball mill can be 3.0 to 7.0, preferably 2.5 to 3.2 or 4.5 to 6.5, even more preferably 5.42. The openings of the first sieve of the first ball mill can coincide with one another, be elongated and have clear widths of 1.7 mm x 5.0 mm.

[0048] Also advantageous is the ratio of the drive power of the drive units of the first ball mill to the drive power of the drive units of the second ball mill, which is from 10 to 40, preferably 20 to 30, even more preferably 25.

[0049] It is also important for the provision of the biochar powder that the rotational speed of the drive units of the carrier device and the rotational speed of the drive units of the receiving device match, preferably from 1,000 to 2,000 rpm (revolutions per minute), advantageously 1,200 to 1,800 rpm, preferably 1,400 rpm. The grinding containers of the comminution device according to the invention can also simply each have an outlet, a drive unit, and a separating device, wherein the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same to generate, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container.For the purposes of the invention, vibrating movements of the grinding container can also be understood as those which, as a result of the drive units, can cause the grinding balls in the grinding container to perform vertical back and forth movements, such as along the central longitudinal axis of the same, and / or horizontal back and forth movements, such as transverse to the central longitudinal axis of the same and / or in the direction of rotation about the central longitudinal axis of the grinding container and / or rotational movements, such as self-rotations, and / or those which can be generated by the grinding balls as a result of the aforementioned movements; several or all of the aforementioned movements of the grinding balls can at least partially overlap. Depending on the control of the drive units, the grinding balls can also be caused to perform a rotational movement around the central longitudinal axis of the grinding container that is opposite to the direction of rotation that occurs during operation, e.g.for the removal of residues from the grinding chamber of the first ball mill via the screening device.

[0050] The grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, wherein the grinding container wall is formed onto the bottom and preferably the inner wall or side of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber, also called the interior, is curved outwards in cross-section, preferably partially circular, e.g. semicircular; the grinding container can also be hollow-cylindrical. Part of the bottom of the grinding container can be designed as an outlet for conveying the treated biochar via a line connected to the outlet, which is connected to the inlet of a second ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention. The outlet can have a sieve, also called the first sieve, as a separating device for separating the treated, or comminuted, biochar from residues such as foreign matter, e.g. wood particles.In the context of the invention, treatment is also understood to mean the processing of the biochar and / or biochar particles by means of a comminution device.

[0051] It is preferred if the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a diameter of 1.8 to 2.8 cm or 2.0 to 2.5 cm, preferably 2.1 to 2.4 cm, even more preferably 2.0 cm or 2.1 cm or 2.3 cm, most preferably 1.6 to 1.8 cm. It is also advantageous for the provision of the biochar powder that the ratio of the diameter of the grinding balls of the first ball mill or at least a part thereof to the diameter of the second ball mill or at least a part thereof is 1.8 to 2.5 or the diameter of the grinding balls of the first ball mill corresponds to the diameter of the second ball mill.

[0052] For the purposes of the invention, usable volume is understood to mean the volume related to the, preferably outer, region of the grinding container of the first ball mill, in which, preferably outer, region the bed with the grinding balls and the biochar is located for treatment, such as grinding or comminution, thereof. The usable volume of the grinding chamber of the first ball mill can be 200 l to 1000 l, preferably 250 l to 800 l or 300 l to 680 l, even more preferably 325 l to 623 l. In a particular embodiment of the grinding container of the first ball mill, the region can also correspond to the interior thereof, which can be or be equated with the interior of the grinding container. The useful volume of the grinding chamber of the first ball mill can also be 400 l to 700 l, preferably 500 l to 650 l, more preferably 325 l, 550 l, 600 l or 650 l.

[0053] In the sense of the invention, useful volume is also understood to mean the volume of the, preferably outer, area up to the upper edge of the grinding container of the first ball mill, so that this or the interior thereof is filled with grinding balls up to the upper edge or is filled up to a distance from the upper edge of the outer area of ​​the grinding container of the first ball mill, which can correspond to two to five times, preferably three to four times, such as 1.5 times or 2.0 times or 2.5 times or 3.5 times or 4 times, the diameter of the grinding balls of the first ball mill.

[0054] In one embodiment of the comminution device according to the invention, the pores, also called openings, of the first sieve of the first ball mill coincide with one another and / or are elongated. In a further embodiment of the comminution device according to the invention, the openings of the first sieve of the first ball mill In a particular embodiment of the comminution device according to the invention, the openings of the first sieve of the first ball mill coincide with one another, are elongated and angular in plan view, and are aligned parallel to one another.

[0055] The distance A between the opposing long opening walls of the first sieve that delimit the openings can be a clear width or a distance of 1.1 to 6.0 mm, preferably 1.2 to 4.5 mm or 1.2 to 4.0 mm, even more preferably 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm or 2.5 mm or 3.5 mm; the distance B between the opposing short opening walls of the first sieve that delimit the openings can be a clear width or a distance of 2.0 to 5.0 mm, preferably 2.5 to 4.0 mm, even more preferably 2.5 mm or 3.0 mm or 3.5 mm. The openings of the first sieve can also have a clear width relative to the gap width of 1.0 to 4.0 mm, 1.5 to 3.0, more preferably 1.5 to 1.9 mm, or 1.0 mm or 1.5 mm or 1.8 mm; the openings of the first sieve of the first ball mill can have a clear width relative to.the gap length of 2.0 to 5.0 mm, 1.5 to 4.5 mm, more preferably 2.5 to 4.0 mm or 3.0 mm to 4.0 mm, or 3.0 mm or 4.0 mm.

[0056] The duration of the comminution of the biochar into biochar particles in the first ball mill can be between 30 min to 120 min, preferably 35 min to 60 min, even more preferably 30 min or 45 min

[0057] The biochar pulverization plant according to the invention for the production and refining, such as grinding, of biochar to biochar powder also includes various steps, such as the separation, comminution and / or grinding of biochar from a gasification or pyrolysis process, as can be carried out in the plant, to biochar powder.

[0058] The final product produced with the aid of the plant, such as biochar, after a gasification or pyrolysis process can have a non-uniform size distribution and often still contain uncharred or insufficiently carbonized input material from this gasification or pyrolysis process. In further processing to refine the biochar, it is often necessary to have a uniform size distribution and to remove as much uncharred or insufficiently carbonized material from the biochar as possible. This is advantageously achieved in the method according to the invention, the biochar pulverization plant according to the invention, and the comminution device according to the invention.

[0059] The grinding balls of the first and / or second ball mill can be made of agate with 99.9% SiO 2 , silicon nitride with e.g. 90% Si 3 N 4 , sintered corundum with e.g. 99.7% Al 2 O 3 , or 85 to 90% Al 2 O 3 , zirconium oxide with 94.8% ZrO 2 , stainless steel with e.g. 12.5 to 14.5% Cr + 1% Ni, hardened steel with 1.0 to 1.65% Cr, or hard metal tungsten carbide with 93.2% WC + 6% Co, etc.

[0060] The first ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention can have an inlet for feeding a grinding container with a first grinding material, preferably biochar, and the grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, a drive unit and a separating device, wherein the drive unit can be coupled to the grinding container or to the drive unit for driving the same to generate, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container and / or the drive axle or drive shaft of the drive unit can be coupled to the base plate, e.g. by means of a gear, on which the spring devices, such as coil springs, are located, on which the base of the grinding container rests resiliently. In addition, the grinding container can have a base and a grinding container wall, onto which the grinding container wall is formed. The grinding container, also called a processing or vibrating container, is supported by a stand, e.g.on the spring devices as a spring assembly. The grinding container, e.g., designed as a circular trough with a spiral or helix, accommodates the grinding balls as grinding media, for example, steel balls, and the biochar produced by the plant after the gasification or pyrolysis process. This biochar may be of irregular size and often contains the input material from the gasification or pyrolysis process that is still uncharred or insufficiently carbonized.

[0061] In one embodiment, a conventional unbalanced or vibrating drive coupled to the grinding container can act as a drive unit, setting the container, along with the bed of grinding balls and the biochar, into a motion, e.g., elliptical or elliptical. Due to the brittle nature of the carbon structure of the biochar, the movement of the bed crushes, shreds, and / or grinds it. The shredded biochar can then be classified and discharged from the grinding container by the separation device, also called the discharge device.

[0062] A portion of the bottom of the grinding container of the first ball mill is designed as an outlet for conveying the treated biochar particles via a line connected to the outlet to an inlet of a second ball mill. The outlet can have a first sieve as a separating device for separating the treated biochar particles from unchanged residues, such as foreign matter, e.g., pieces of wood. The first sieve is advantageously also suitable for classifying the biochar particles so that only biochar particles of a predetermined size and / or shape are passed on; the other biochar particles remain in the grinding container for further grinding until the predetermined size and / or shape is reached. The openings of the first sieve of the first ball mill can coincide with one another, be elongated and angular in plan view, and / or be aligned parallel to one another.

[0063] The ratio of the distance A between the opposite long opening walls of the first sieve delimiting the openings to the distance B between the opposite short opening walls of the first sieve delimiting the openings is 4 to 12, preferably 6 to 10, more preferably 8.0 or 8.34 or 9.0.

[0064] The distance A between the opposite long opening walls of the first screen, which delimit the openings, can a light Widths ent speak or an amount from 1.1 to 10.0 mm, preferably 2.0 to 10.0 mm, even more preferably 3.0 to 8.0 or 4.5 to 8.0 or 2.5 mm or 3.5 mm or 4.5 mm or 6.5 mm or 8.5 mm; the distance B between the opposite short opening walls of the first screen delimiting the openings can be a clear Widths ent speak or an amount from1.5 to 5.0 mm, preferably 2.0 to 4.0 mm or 2.5 to 3.5 mm, more preferably 1.5 mm or 2.5 mm or 3.0 mm or 3.5 mm.

[0065] In a region of the outer side of the separating device facing the inlet of the second ball mill, a coarse sieve with an opening that retains the grinding balls as a passage opening for the biochar particles, which is smaller than the diameter of the balls of the first ball mill, can be arranged in the line,

[0066] In addition, the biochar from the plant can be fed and / or re-dosed into the grinding container of the first ball mill using a dosing device with biochar from the plant, controlled by a weighing system or a timer.

[0067] During grinding in the first ball mill, more and more uncharred residues from biochar production accumulate. This accumulation of uncharred residues occurs because their structure is not or only insufficiently carbonized and is therefore not brittle. Thus, they are not crushed by the moving bulk material and cannot be discharged to the second ball mill via the outlet with the separation device. To transfer the uncharred residues or input material from biochar production from the grinding container, a time- or weight-controlled diverter or flap is immersed in the bulk material. The bulk material can then be directed onto a screening device located inside or outside the grinding container. The screening device is designed so that the bulk material is directed onto the top of the screening device and then falls back into the grinding container.The uncharred residues from biochar production fall through the screening device and are fed to a discharge and discharged.

[0068] The biochar refined, i.e., crushed, into biochar particles by the first ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention has a shape and size such that they are transported through the first sieve of the separation device of the first ball mill, through the line connected to the outlet, and through the inlet of the grinding container of the second ball mill, which is connected to the line. Transport can be provided, for example, by means of a pump; the first ball mill can also be arranged above the second ball mill, so that the biochar crushed into biochar particles easily enters the grinding chamber of the grinding container of the second ball mill due to its own weight.

[0069] In one embodiment of the comminution device according to the invention, the second ball mill has the inlet for feeding its grinding container with biochar particles as comminuted biochar, as so-called second grinding material, from the first ball mill, and a grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, a drive unit, and a separating device. Like the first ball mill, the drive unit of the second ball mill is coupled to the grinding container in a conventional manner to generate preferably vibrating movements of the grinding container. The grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, to which the grinding container wall is molded; the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber, also called the inner side, is preferably curved outwards in cross-section, such as partially circular, e.g. semicircular.

[0070] In one embodiment of the first and / or second ball mill of the easy-to-handle comminution device according to the invention, the second ball mill has a grinding container which is hollow-cylindrical in a central region of the grinding container wall defining at least part of the interior of the grinding container, wherein the hollow-cylindrical grinding container wall tapers in a longitudinal section toward the bottom of the grinding container, so that the ratio of the diameter of the interior in the hollow-cylindrical region to the diameter of the bottom can be 1.2 to 1.8, preferably 1.47. At least one drive unit can be coupled to a gear on the outside of the hollow-cylindrical region of the grinding container.

[0071] In another embodiment of the first and / or second ball mill of the easy-to-handle comminution device according to the invention, at least one, preferably two, drive units can be coupled to a gear on the outside of the hollow cylindrical region of the grinding container. The drive units can be coupled adjacently or oppositely on the outside. Likewise, at least two drive units can be coupled to their gears in a V-shape on the outside of the hollow cylindrical region of the grinding container, including an angle of 35 to 45°, advantageously 40°.

[0072] In an additional embodiment of the first and / or second ball mill of the easy-to-handle comminution device according to the invention, in addition to the at least one drive unit coupled to the outside of the hollow cylindrical region of the grinding container with a gear, a further drive unit can be coupled to the grinding container for driving the same to generate preferably vibrating movements of the grinding container, wherein the drive axle or drive shaft of this drive unit can be coupled to the base plate, e.g. by means of a gear, on which the spring devices, such as coil springs, are located, on which the base of the grinding container rests resiliently. In addition, the grinding container can have a base and a grinding container wall, onto which base the grinding container wall is integrally formed.

[0073] The outlet of the grinding container of the second ball mill can have a second sieve as a separating device for classifying the biochar particles produced with the aid of the second ball mill into biochar powder; the second sieve can have a grid made of a metallic material and a grid layer made of plastics, which grid rests on the outer side of the grid layer facing the grinding container of the second ball mill and can have, in plan view, e.g. square, openings; the openings can coincide with one another and / or have dimensions C of 0.8 to 1.3 mm x 0.8 to 1.3 mm, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 x 1.0 to 1.2 mm, even more preferably 1.1 x 1.1 mm or 1.1 x 1.1 mm.

[0074] For example, the pores, also called openings, of the second sieve of the second ball mill can coincide with one another and / or are circular in shape; they can have an internal diameter of 0.01 to 7.0 mm or less than 5 mm, preferably 0.05 to 4.0 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 3.5 mm, even more preferably 0.2 to 3.0 mm, or 0.1 mm or 0.3 mm or 0.5 mm or 1.5 mm or 2.0 or 2.5 mm. It is preferred if the grinding balls of the second ball mill have a diameter of 0.8 cm to 2.8 cm or 1.2 cm to 2.5 cm, preferably from 0.8 cm to 2.0 cm or from 1.0 cm to 1.8 cm, even more preferably 1.6 cm to 1.8 cm, 1.6 cm or 1.7 cm or 1.8 cm.

[0075] For the purposes of the invention, "usable volume" refers to the volume relative to the preferably outer region of the grinding container of the second ball mill, in which region the bed of grinding balls and the biochar particles is located for pulverization. The usable volume of the grinding chamber of the second ball mill can be 100 l to 500 l, preferably 150 l to 400 l, even more preferably 200 l to 350 l or 250 l to 300 l, or 100 l or 250 l or 300 l. The usable volume of the grinding chamber of the second ball mill can also be 50 l to 300 l, preferably 80 l to 250 l, more preferably 100 l, 150 l, or 200 l. In a special embodiment of the grinding container of the second ball mill, the area can also correspond to the interior of the same, which can be equal to or equated with the interior of the grinding container.

[0076] In the sense of the invention, useful volume is also understood to mean the volume of the, preferably outer, area up to the upper edge of the grinding container of the second ball mill, so that this or the interior thereof is filled with grinding balls up to the upper edge or is filled up to a distance from the upper edge of the, preferably outer, area of ​​the grinding container of the second ball mill, which can correspond to two to five times, preferably three to four times, such as 1.0 times or 1.5 times or 2.0 times or 3.0 times or 3.5 times or 4 times, the diameter of the grinding balls of the second ball mill.

[0077] The biochar powder produced from biochar particles using the second ball mill has, for example, a powder particle size of less than 5 mm, such as less than 1 mm, e.g., 0.03 mm to 1.0 mm, preferably 0.05 mm to 0.8 mm or 0.3 to 0.5 mm or 0.03 mm or 0.05 mm or 0.1 mm or 0.8 mm or 0.5 or 0.3 mm. The time required to comminute the biochar particles into biochar powder in the second ball mill can be between 20 min and 120 min, preferably 25 min to 90 min or 30 min to 75 min, even more preferably 30 min or 45 min or 75 min.

[0078] The grinding containers of the two ball mills are advantageously mounted in frames so as to be movable, e.g. eccentrically to a drive axis or shaft, and coupled to the drive units in a conventional manner, e.g. by means of gears, and can be driven in such a way that the grinding balls in the grinding containers can be set into vibration and their movements, for example as back and forth movements, circular movements, etc., can be superimposed.

[0079] Advantages of the first ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention and of the pulverization plant according to the invention It can be seen that both in the first ball mill and in the second ball mill, due to the design of the grinding balls of the first ball mill with the above-mentioned advantageous diameter and the grinding balls of the second ball mill with the above-mentioned advantageous diameter, such kinetic energy is generated by the grinding balls as a result of their density in the grinding chambers that, for example, in the first ball mill, although the biochar as the first grinding material is comminuted into biochar particles, the wood particles also contained in the first grinding material as residues are not comminuted.

[0080] Only the pulverization of the biochar particles as a second grinding material in the second ball mill under its preferred conditions, following the comminution of the biochar as the first grinding material, provides biochar powder, which surprisingly has the properties mentioned below, which also lead to the advantages, e.g. as an additive to animal feed, etc.

[0081] It turns out that the grinding effects in the first ball mill, the from the force of the impact of the grinding balls on the biochar to be treated as the first grinding material, from the total contact area between the first grinding material and grinding balls, or between the first grinding material and the inner wall of the grinding container, from the relative movements between the first grinding material to be crushed and the grinding balls or the inner wall of the grinding container and from the pressure which is generated between the surfaces of the first grinding material and the grinding balls or the inner wall of the grinding container which are in contact with one another, which contributes to or causes the comminution of the biochar to a consistent or largely consistent size and shape.

[0082] Likewise, in the first ball mill and the second ball mill, the frequency of stressing the first grinding material through contact with the grinding balls or through impact of the grinding balls on the grinding material supports the comminution of the biochar into biochar powder with a uniform size and shape.

[0083] The skillful interaction of these various aforementioned physical parameters is also advantageously achieved when the grinding container of the first ball mill has grinding balls with the above-mentioned diameter, the usable volume of the, preferably outer, region of the grinding chamber of the first ball mill, in particular the ratio of the usable volume to the grinding ball volume. The ratio of the usable volume of the grinding chamber or the, preferably outer, region of the first ball mill to the usable volume of the, preferably outer, region of the grinding chamber of the second ball mill is also essential to the invention and can be 1.6 to 3.5, preferably 1.63 to 1.78, even more preferably 1.67 to 1.8 or 2.5 to 3.2.

[0084] The occurrence of these physical parameters and their skillful interaction with one another makes it possible for the first material to be treated, i.e. the biochar, to be crushed in the first ball mill, but for the unwanted residues, such as wood particles, to remain untreated during operation of the first ball mill due to their greater material hardness compared to the biochar. The kinetic energy generated by the grinding tools, in this case the grinding balls, in the first ball mill is therefore not sufficient to break and crush the wood particles. The wood particles that are not crushed despite the impact and shear forces occur remain in the grinding container of the first ball mill as a result of separation by the separation device and can be discharged from the grinding container of the first ball mill separately from the biochar particles.

[0085] The grinding action in the first ball mill consequently leads to a sufficient comminution of the biochar into biochar particles of such a size and shape that can pass through the clear width of the first sieve of the separation device present at the outlet of the grinding container of the first ball mill.

[0086] Through the clever interaction of the physical parameters, such a defined force acts in the ball mills and their grinding containers that the grinding effect as a result the force of the impact of the grinding balls on the material to be ground, such as biochar in the first ball mill and biochar particles in the second ball mill, on the inner wall or inside of the grinding container, on the contact surface between the material to be ground and the grinding balls, as well as on the contact surface between the material to be ground and the inside of the grinding container is uniform and effective and the relative movements between the biochar and biochar particles to be ground and the grinding balls, the relative movements between the biochar and biochar particles to be ground and the inside of the grinding bowl the pressure acting between the surfaces of the material to be ground that are in contact with one another on the one hand and the grinding balls on the other hand as well as between the surfaces of the material to be ground that are in contact with the inside of the grinding bodies lead to a uniform size or diameter of the biochar powder and shape.

[0087] It is characterized by this clever interaction of the above-mentioned physical parameters that the frequency of stressing the material to be ground, i.e. the biochar, through contact with the grinding balls and / or through the impact of the grinding balls on the material to be ground in the grinding container of the first ball mill and the frequency of stressing the biochar particles through contact with the grinding balls and / or through the impact of the grinding balls on the material to be ground in the grinding container of the second ball mill, providing the uniformity of the biochar powder in shape and size.

[0088] It is shown by the interaction of the defined conditions, such as the diameters of the grinding balls of the first ball mill correspond to the diameter of the second ball mill, the ratio of the diameter of the interior in the hollow cylindrical region to the diameter of the base is 1.47, the ratio of the usable volume of the grinding container of the first ball mill to the usable volume of the grinding container of the second ball mill is 5.42, the ratio of the drive power of the drive units of the first ball mill to the drive power of the drive units of the second ball mill is 25, the distance A between the opposing long opening walls of the first sieve that delimit the openings is 3.5 mm and / or the distance B between the opposing short opening walls of the first sieve that delimit the openings is 3.5 mm or 4.5 mm, the speeds of the drive units of the first ball mill and second ball mill correspond to each other, and with the technical specifications,such as the diameter of the grinding balls of the first ball mill corresponds to the diameter of the second ball mill, the openings of the first sieve of the first ball mill correspond to each other, are elongated and angular in plan view and aligned parallel to each other, plant charcoal powder particles are provided in such a shape and diameter that they are unexpectedly particularly suitable as additives in ointments, solutions for administration to animals and in other areas of agriculture.

[0089] Only through the skillful interaction of the technical specifications of the shredding device according to the invention with Grinding container with drive units acting in their hollow cylindrical areas, the first sieve of the first ball mill, the coarse sieve, the second sieve of the second ball mill, the openings of the first sieve of the first ball mill, which correspond to each other, are elongated and angular in plan view and are aligned parallel to each other and offset from each other, the grid with a metallic material and a grid layer with plastics, the grinding balls of the first ball mill, whose diameter is identical to the diameter of the grinding balls of the second ball mill, Biochar powders are produced which are particularly sustainable in terms of their biological use.

[0090] Only by providing the biochar powder according to the invention, which is uniform in shape and diameter and, due to the processing or treatment in the comminution device according to the invention, is also designed with a defined surface of the biochar powder, is it possible for the biochar powder according to the invention to be particularly suitable as an additive in ointments; in these ointments, the biochar powder(s) can be used in an ointment base and the active ingredient finely distributed therein, e.g. for rubbing in or applying to the skin and / or mucous membranes of animals.

[0091] In addition to plant charcoal powder, the ointments are based on hydrocarbon gels such as petroleum jelly, plastibase, lipogels such as beeswax, spermaceti, wool wax, hydrogels such as Aerosil, bentonite, starch derivatives, polyacrylic acid, polyethylene glycols, and silicone gels. Vitamins, electrolytes, effective microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, proteins, carbohydrates, etc. can also be processed or added to the ointments.

[0092] The biochar powder according to the invention is also suitable as an additive in solutions that can be administered to animals such as ruminants, cattle, and even horses. The solutions can also contain, in addition to the biochar powder, e.g., in physiological saline solution, additives such as vitamins, eM, electrolytes, proteins, carbohydrates, etc., which have been shown to stabilize digestive processes in animals, especially in the increasingly widespread use of intensive livestock farming.

[0093] The biochar powder can also be processed into biscuits, rusks, and other pasta products, which can be administered to animals together with the other additives mentioned above to promote digestion and stabilise them.

[0094] Also, the biochar particles which have not yet been comminuted to a size and / or shape predetermined by the separating device, so that their passing through the first sieve of the separating device of the grinding container of the first ball mill is not possible, remain in the grinding container of the first ball mill for a certain period of time until their comminution to the predetermined size and / or shape is achieved.

[0095] It is shown that the parameters occurring in the first ball mill induce kinetic energy, which causes deformation in the contact area between the grinding balls or between the grinding balls and the inner wall of the grinding container on the one hand, and the biochar to be crushed on the other hand, which ultimately leads to the fracture of the biochar into particles. This shows that the required energy input into the volume to be crushed is advantageous for comminution in the form of mechanical work that must be expended until fracture is achieved.

[0096] In addition, it is surprising that the biochar must be subjected to a double treatment, first by the first ball mill and then by the second ball mill, in order to distinguish itself through its properties and the resulting advantages, e.g. with regard to its use or utilization. First, the grinding balls of the first ball mill, with a predetermined diameter, have to crush the biochar and then, after the interruption by feeding the biochar particles into the second ball mill, the grinding balls of the second ball mill, with a predetermined diameter and possibly for a predetermined period of time, have to pulverize the biochar particles into biochar powder.

[0097] The second ball mill feeds the second material to be ground, the biochar particles, into the grinding chamber of the first ball mill via the outlet of the grinding container of the first ball mill and the inlet of the grinding container of the second ball mill. In the second ball mill, such kinetic energy is also generated, among other things, by the grinding balls of a predetermined diameter, duration, and the usable volume of the grinding chamber of the second ball mill, and if necessary, the ratio of usable volume to the volume of the grinding balls of the second ball mill, that the biochar particles introduced into the grinding chamber of the grinding container of the second ball mill from the interior of the grinding container of the first ball mill are pulverized to a uniform size and shape.

[0098] The plant connected to the crushing device according to the invention can produce biochar from a biomass particle in a moving bed with a shaft reactor;the plant comprises a shaft reactor shell comprising a head end and a foot end for receiving the biochar, at least one particle conveyor for conveying the biomass particles into the shaft reactor, at least one aeration metering device for supplying air into the shaft reactor, wherein the head end of the shaft reactor has an inlet opening and the foot end of the shaft reactor has a discharge opening, a central section is located between the head end and the foot end, a grid is arranged in an interior of the shaft reactor in a transition region between the central section of the shaft reactor and the foot end for supporting the bed, the foot end of the shaft reactor has the aeration metering device, the aeration metering device has an air duct and an outer tube, the outer tube receives an upper end of the air duct, the outer tube is movably connected to the air duct; the air duct is connected to an external air pipe through which air can be supplied from outside, the particle conveying device is arranged in the region of the head end and comprises a chute, the chute has a continuously tiltable chute for uniform, controlled, continuously radial distribution and feeding of the bed with biomass particles, the chute is designed to be tiltable about a horizontal pivot axis oriented transversely to the vertical axis of rotation, the chute, which has a main drive device, is driven by the drive device to rotate about the vertical axis of rotation for feeding the surface of the bed in the region around the vertical axis of rotation, the supply of air into the bed is controlled by the aeration metering device in terms of air quantity and zone,wherein the distance of an upper end of the outer tube from the underside of the grid can be determined and the outer tube can be displaced transversely to a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft reactor.

[0099] A collecting device arranged at a distance from the grid below or beneath the aeration metering device is arranged for quenching the biochar moved from the discharge opening of the shaft reactor; the collecting device is connected to the inlet of the comminution device for feeding the grinding container of the first ball mill of the comminution device for transporting the biochar from the plant into the comminution device, for example by means of a transport device such as a conveyor belt, a conveyor screw, a bucket elevator, an elevator, or a scraper chain conveyor.

[0100] In addition, to ensure uniform radial temperature control and avoid hot spots in the bed during carbonization, the feeding of biomass particles into the bed is controlled by the particle conveyor in terms of quantity, zone, and height, and the discharge of process gases is controlled by a process gas control device arranged in a process gas line leading from the head end to forward the gases. Furthermore, the aeration metering device is located below the grid, and a particle counter for determining the number and / or size of the biochar is located below the grid. To control the temperature in the bed, the degree of inclination of the chute and the rotatability of the hopper and / or the extent of the feeding of the biomass in relation to its quantity and surface distribution are controlled by measuring devices.The outer tube can also be displaced longitudinally to a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft reactor, and / or the air duct can be displaced transversely and / or longitudinally to a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft reactor. A post-carbonization zone can also be arranged at the discharge opening on the particle counter located in the discharge opening of the shaft reactor as a measuring device, preferably a rotary valve, for determining the duration of post-carbonization, the number of biochar particles passing through the discharge opening, and / or for determining the amount of quenching water.The collecting device for extinguishing the biochar coming from the post-carbonization zone can be arranged at the post-carbonization zone, wherein the collecting device in turn can be connected to the inlet of the comminution device for feeding the grinding container of the first ball mill of the comminution device for transporting the biochar from the plant into the comminution device, for example by means of a transport device such as a conveyor belt, a conveyor screw, a bucket elevator, an elevator or a scraper chain conveyor.

[0101] The aeration metering device supplies the air to the grid in a controlled manner, e.g. to that predetermined area of ​​the grid which may be located below or below an area of ​​the bed with a temperature which temperature is to be changed in accordance with the parameters determined above.The aeration metering device can have an air duct, preferably extending along the central longitudinal axis A, and an outer pipe with the air outlet, wherein the outer pipe receives an upper end of the air duct and is movably connected to the air duct, preferably a lower end of the air duct has a further opening, the air duct is connected to an outer air pipe, via which air is supplied from the outside, preferably the particle conveying device is arranged in the region of the head end, preferably in the, preferably tightly sealable, inlet opening, which comprises a filling device for the controlled feeding of the filling with biomass particles, such as wood particles, e.g.the filling device has a shaking grid for the uniform distribution of the biomass particles on the filling, and / or a distribution plate or a chute for the controlled feeding of the surface of the filling with biomass particles, in particular the distribution plate is rotatably mounted about a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft, preferably the length and / or the inclination of the distribution plate are variable.

[0102] A method can produce the biochar to be pulverised in the comminution device, wherein the biochar is pulverised with the aid of an environmentally friendly, independently controllable system for the continuous production of biochar from biomass particles in a bed as a moving bed in a countercurrent to the biochar orBiomass particles are provided in a shaft reactor made of biomass, preferably made of biomass particles such as wood, through which air flows, so that the temperatures in the bed, preferably at least in a central zone and / or in an outer zone thereof, the volume flow of the process gases escaping from the bed in the process gas line connected to the head end of the shaft reactor, the height of the bed in the shaft reactor are continuously measured in the plant and, depending on the temperatures and / or the volume flow and / or the height of the bed, the air is fed to the bed via the aeration metering device and the biomass particles are fed to the bed via the particle conveying device, the process gases are withdrawn via the process gas control device and the biochar is fed from the plant to the comminution device.

[0103] Advantages of the second ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention and of the biochar pulverization plant according to the invention, which comprises the plant and the comminution device connected to the plant: By combining two ball mills, the grinding balls of which have different diameters and the bottoms of which have outlets with first and second sieves as separation devices for separating the ground materials, continuous operation of the comminution device according to the invention can also take place, so that the biochar particles are continuously transferred via the outlet of the first ball mill as second ground material after comminution of the first ground material into the grinding chamber of the second ball mill and from there, after their pulverization, can be discharged to the outside via the outlet and its second sieve of predetermined pore or breakthrough diameter as a separation device in accordance with the diameter of the pores of the second sieve.

[0104] It is found that the biochar according to the invention, which is subjected to the refinement of the biochar by the comminution device according to the invention by means of the two ball mills connected in series, can advantageously be added to the feed as an additive, so that the feed in the digestive tract of the farm animals supports the digestion of the feed by the digestive tract.

[0105] The refined biochar according to the invention as biochar powder not only supports the digestion of the feed in the digestive tract, but also facilitates the release of nutrients from the feed, such as proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, etc., so that a much greater sustainability of the utilization of the feed is provided in the presence of the biochar.

[0106] It is precisely the uniform small size of the biochar to biochar powder that ensures a uniform homogeneity of biochar to be administered to farm animals.

[0107] The biochar powder according to the invention is also suitable for use in animal feed of any kind, such as bran, stillage, spent grain, pomace, molasses, beet pulp, etc.

[0108] Furthermore, the biochar powder according to the invention provided with the comminution device according to the invention and with the method according to the invention proves to be suitable both for single feed and for compound feed, which is produced by mixing single feed.

[0109] Furthermore, the biochar powder according to the invention provided with the comminution device according to the invention and with the method according to the invention is characterized for mixing into liquids to be administered to farm animals, called drenching, in order to stabilize the digestive tract of the farm animals colonized with ... microorganisms as a result of illness, in order to subsequently prepare the feed to be added.

[0110] By adding biochar powder according to the invention provided with the comminution device according to the invention and with the method according to the invention, the administration of additional vitamins, amino acids, minerals, etc. is significantly increased, as is the bioavailability of these substances for the organism of the farm animals via their digestive tract. Examples of implementation

[0111] The drawings show, for the sake of simplicity, in a schematic, greatly enlarged manner, without claiming to be true to scale, by way of example, the comminution device according to the invention, the method according to the invention and the biochar powder according to the invention in Fig. 1 the side view of the inventive comminution device with a ball mill and Fig. 2 the top view of the grinding container of the, for example, first, ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention.

[0112] In one embodiment, the biochar is produced using a comminution device according to the invention, which consists of two ball mills.

[0113] The first ball mill comprises a grinding container with an inlet for feeding a first grinding material as biochar and an outlet, the grinding chamber, the drive unit, and the separating device. The drive unit is coupled to the grinding container to drive the grinding container and generate vibrating movements of the grinding container. The grinding container contains grinding balls. Located in the upper area of ​​the grinding container is a lid with the inlet, through which the grinding chamber is fed with the first grinding material to be treated.

[0114] The grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall formed integrally with the bottom of the grinding container wall. The inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber has a semicircular cross-section with an outwardly curved shape. A portion of the bottom of the grinding container has an outlet for conveying the biochar particles as the second grinding material via a line connected to the outlet, which leads to the inlet of the grinding container of the second ball mill.

[0115] The grinding balls of the first ball mill have a diameter of 1.8 cm or 2.0 cm. The outlet has a first sieve 5 as a separation device for separating the biochar particles as the second ground material from residues such as foreign matter, e.g. wood particles, charred wood particles, etc. The openings of the first sieve of the first ball mill correspond to one another, are elongated in plan view and have a clear width as a gap of 1.7 mm x 5.0 mm or 2.0 mm to 4.5 mm or 1.5 mm to 3.5 mm, preferably 2.5 mm to 4.0 mm. The uncharred residues fall through a sieve device 7, which can be closed if necessary, from the grinding container and are fed to the discharge 4 and via this discharged for disposal.

[0116] The drive units of the first ball mill act on the grinding balls in the grinding container of the first ball mill in such a way that the grinding balls can move vertically, parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the grinding container, radially to the central longitudinal axis or center axis of the grinding container, and / or rotate around their own axis within the grinding container. The grinding container has an opening located in the upper area of ​​the grinding container and opposite the bottom of the grinding container. Rotation of the grinding container is prevented.

[0117] In a further embodiment of the comminution device according to the invention, the openings of the first screen of the first ball mill are aligned, elongated and angular in plan view, and aligned parallel to each other. The distance between the opposing long opening walls of the first screen that delimit the openings can 1.1 to 5.0 mm.

[0118] A coarse sieve can be arranged beneath or below the first sieve of the first ball mill. The coarse sieve has an opening whose passage opening is smaller than the diameter of the grinding balls in the grinding container of the first ball mill in order to prevent the grinding balls from passing from the grinding container into the line to the second ball mill and its inlet. The grinding container of the second ball mill has a second sieve as a separating device. This second sieve is designed as a grid made of a metallic material, preferably steel, aluminium or the like; the grid is placed against a grid layer made of plastic-like materials. The grid layer is located on the outer side of the grid, which faces away from the interior of the grinding container of the second ball mill. In plan view, the grid has square openings which may coincide with one another.For the purposes of the invention, a mesh is also understood to mean a wire mesh with parallel and / or crossed metal wires. The mesh layer, made of plastics with round openings in plan view, serves to support the mesh. The biochar powder passes through the openings in the mesh and is collected in a collection container. The interaction of the first sieve of the first ball mill and the mesh as the second sieve of the grinding container of the second ball mill also ensures the accumulation of biochar powder of a uniform size and shape, in addition to the aforementioned parameters.

[0119] In one embodiment, the second ball mill has an inlet for feeding its grinding container with the biochar particles as the second material to be ground from the first ball mill, and an outlet for the grinding container with a grinding chamber, a drive unit, and a separating device. The drive unit is coupled to the grinding container to generate vibrating movements of the grinding container. The grinding container contains grinding balls. The grinding balls of the second ball mill have a diameter of 1.2 cm or 1.4 cm. The second ball mill has an inlet located in a lid that closes the top of the grinding chamber.

[0120] The grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall. The grinding container wall is molded onto the bottom, with the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber having an outwardly curved, semicircular cross-section. The outlet has a second sieve as a separating device for classifying the biochar powder from the treated biochar particles. The pores of the second sieve of the second ball mill coincide with one another, are circular in plan view, and have an internal diameter of less than 5.0 mm, e.g., 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, or 2.0 mm. The second sieve serves to pass the inventive biochar powder of a predetermined shape and diameter.By passing through the predetermined clear width, also called inner diameter, of the pores of the second sieve, the biochar powder according to the invention of a predetermined size and shape is discharged to the outside via the outlet, whereas those parts of the biochar particles that are larger remain in the grinding container of the second ball mill for renewed or further treatment.

[0121] In one embodiment of the easy-to-handle comminution device according to the invention, the first ball mill for producing biochar particles has an inlet for feeding a grinding container 3 of the first ball mill with a first grinding material, preferably biochar, and the grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, at least one drive unit 9, and a separating device. The drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same laterally on its outer side in the region of its hollow cylindrical section. The grinding container has a bottom and a grinding container wall, with the grinding container wall being integrally formed on the bottom.

[0122] The inside of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber has a hollow cylindrical cross-section.- A part of the bottom of the grinding container is designed as an outlet for the further transport of the biochar particles, which is connected or coupled to an inlet of a second ball mill via a line connected to the outlet.

[0123] The outlet of the grinding chamber of the first ball mill has a first sieve 5 as a separation device of the first ball mill for separating the biochar particles from residues, the openings of which correspond to one another, are elongated and angular in plan view, and are aligned parallel to one another. The distance A between the opposite long opening walls of the first sieve that delimit the openings is 1.5 mm, and the distance B between the opposite short opening walls of the first sieve that delimit the openings is 4.0 or 4.5 mm or 7.5 mm. In the area of ​​the outer side of the separation device facing the inlet of the second ball mill, a coarse sieve with an opening that retains the grinding balls and serves as a passage opening for the biochar particles is arranged in the line to the grinding chamber of the second ball mill, which opening is smaller than the diameter of the balls of the first ball mill.

[0124] The second ball mill has an inlet connected to the line connecting the outlet of the grinding chamber of the first ball mill for feeding a grinding container with the biochar particles from the first ball mill, and a grinding container having an outlet with a grinding chamber, a drive unit, and a separating device, wherein the drive unit is coupled to or acts on the outer side of the grinding container wall of the grinding container, which is hollow cylindrical or curved outwards with its inner wall or side. The grinding container of the second ball mill has a bottom and a grinding container wall, wherein the grinding container wall is formed onto the bottom. The inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber has a hollow cylindrical cross-section or is curved outwards, preferably part-circular, such as semicircular.

[0125] The outlet has a second sieve as a separating device for classifying the treated biochar particles, wherein the second sieve has a grid with a metallic material and a grid layer with plastics, which grid rests on the outer side of the grid layer facing the grinding container of the second ball mill and has square openings in plan view, which correspond to each other and have dimensions of 1.2 x 1.2 mm or 1.1 x 1.1 mm.

[0126] By means of the method according to the invention, the biochar produced by means of the environmentally friendly, independently controllable plant according to the invention is fed to the comminution device.

[0127] The biochar to be pulverized in the crushing device is produced in an environmentally friendly, independently controllable plant for the continuous production of biochar from biomass particles in a moving bed with a shaft reactor. The shaft reactor has a shaft reactor shell comprising a head end and a foot end for receiving the biochar, at least one particle conveyor for transporting the biomass particles into the shaft reactor, at least one aeration metering device for supplying air into the shaft reactor, the head end of the shaft reactor has an inlet opening and the foot end of the shaft reactor has a discharge opening, a central section is located between the head end and the foot end, and a grid is arranged in the interior of the shaft reactor in a transition area between the central section of the shaft reactor and the foot end to support the bed.the foot end of the shaft reactor has the aeration metering device, the aeration metering device has an air duct and an outer pipe, the outer pipe receives an upper end of the air duct, the outer pipe is movably connected to the air duct, the air duct is connected to an outer air pipe through which air can be supplied from the outside, the particle conveying device is arranged in the region of the head end and comprises a chute, the chute has a continuously tiltable chute for the uniform, controlled, continuously radial distribution and feeding of the chute with biomass particles, the chute is designed to be tiltable about a horizontal pivot axis oriented transversely to the vertical axis of rotation,the filling device, which has a main drive device, is driven by the drive device so as to be rotatable about the vertical axis of rotation for feeding the surface of the filling in the area around the vertical axis of rotation thereof, the supply of air into the filling by the aeration metering device is controlled by air quantity and zone, wherein the distance of an upper end of the outer tube from the underside of the grid can be determined and the outer tube can be displaced transversely to a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft reactor.

[0128] A collecting device arranged at a distance from the grid below or below the aeration metering device is arranged for quenching the biochar moved from the discharge opening of the shaft reactor. The collecting device is connected via a conveyor screw to the inlet of the comminution device for feeding the grinding container 3 of the first ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention for transporting the biochar from the plant into the comminution device according to the invention.

[0129] The method according to the invention for producing biochar from biomass, in particular from biomass particles such as wood, uses the environmentally friendly, independently controllable plant for the continuous production of biochar from biomass, whereby continuously the temperatures in the bed, preferably at least in a central zone and / or in an outer zone thereof, the volume flow of the process gases escaping from the bed in the process gas line connected to the head end of the shaft reactor, the height of the bed in the shaft reactor are measured and, depending on the temperatures and / or the volume flow and / or the height of the bed, the air is supplied to the bed via the aeration metering device and the biomass particles are supplied to the bed via the particle conveying device, and the process gases are withdrawn via the process gas control device.

[0130] The air is fed into the bed through the aeration dosing device in a controlled manner, based on air quantity and zone. The biomass particles are added to the bed through the particle conveying device in a controlled manner based on quantity, zone and height. The process gases are discharged in a controlled manner through a process gas control device located in a process gas line leading from the head end. The inclination of a chute and / or the rotation of the chute device are controlled according to the temperatures and / or volume flow and / or height of the bed. The biochar is passed on in a chamber to a sorting and comminution device for further processing, and the biochar particles are classified according to size, shape, moisture content and / or degree of charring. In the context of the invention, volume flow is also understood to mean the amount of process gas or air which, for example,per predetermined period of time. For the purposes of the invention, the term "air volume flow" also refers to the amount of air that can be supplied to or removed from the bed, e.g., per predetermined period of time, and / or drawn into the shaft reactor as a result of carbonization. For the purposes of the invention, the term "process gas" also refers to the gas that can be removed via the process gas line or flow out of the bed, e.g., per predetermined period of time.

[0131] During operation of the first ball mill and the second ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention, the grinding containers are not set in their own rotation; rather, the observer outside the ball mill does not perceive any rotation of the grinding container. The observer can, however, perceive that the grinding balls in these are set in motion, such as in back and forth movements along a straight line and / or in the direction of rotation within the grinding container, which can overlap; thus, the straight lines on which the back and forth movements run can also move around a circle center, which can coincide with that of the grinding container, along a straight line, in back and forth movements along a straight line, whereby the straight lines

[0132] Due to the compact design of the shredding device according to the invention, it does not place high demands on the requirements for setting up the shredding device.

[0133] The first ball mill of the comminution device according to the invention has an inlet for feeding a grinding container with a first material to be ground, preferably biochar, and the grinding container 3 having an outlet with a grinding chamber, a drive unit 9 and a separating device, the drive unit is coupled to the grinding container for driving the same to generate, preferably vibrating, movements of the grinding container 3, the grinding container 3 has a bottom and a grinding container wall, on the bottom of which the grinding container wall is formed.

[0134] The grinding container 3, also called processing or oscillating container, is supported by a stand 2 on a spring assembly 2. In one embodiment, the unbalanced or oscillating drive coupled to the grinding container 3 as a drive unit moves the latter with the bed of steel balls and the biochar it contains, e.g., in overlapping directions of movement 10, 11, 12, such as elliptical, circular movements and / or rectilinear back and forth movements. Due to the brittle nature of the carbon structure of the biochar, it is crushed, shredded and / or ground by the movement of the bed. The shredded biochar can then be classified and discharged from the grinding container by the separating device, also called discharge device. The grinding container 3, e.g., as a shaped circular trough with / or without, e.g.formed with an internal spiral, receives the grinding balls, for example steel balls, and the biochar produced by the plant after the gasification or pyrolysis process, which can have a non-uniform size and often contain the input material of the gasification or pyrolysis process that is still uncharred or insufficiently carbonized.

[0135] In one embodiment, the grinding container 3 has a helically wound arrangement in its inner region as a helix or a cup-shaped trough that is circular in plan view; the bed with the steel balls and the received biochar pieces are located in the outer region of the grinding container 3, which extends around the helix or can also be designed as a trough or partially as a trough. The unbalanced or oscillating drive as the drive unit 9 is coupled to the grinding container and sets the container, with the received bed of steel balls and the biochar, in elliptical and / or circular movements (see arrows), which can also overlap. The biochar particles comminuted from the biochar can be classified by the separating device, also called the discharge device, which can be part of the bottom of the grinding container, by means of a first sieve orthe screening device 7, since a part of the bottom of the grinding container 3 of the first ball mill is designed with the first screen for discharging the biochar particles of predetermined size and / or shape.

[0136] To remove the uncharred residues from biochar production from the grinding container, a time- and / or weight-controlled diverter or flap 8 is immersed in the bed 6. The bed 6 is thereby directed towards a screening device 7. The screening device 7 is designed such that the bed moves onto the top of the screening device 7, e.g., by reversing the direction of rotation of the grinding balls, and then falls back into the outer area of ​​the grinding container as a processing or vibrating container. The uncharred residues fall through the screening device 7 and are fed to the discharge 4, from where they are discharged for disposal. List of reference symbols

[0137] 1 Stand 2: Spring arrangement, package 3 Grinding container as processing or vibrating container 4 Discharge for uncharred residues from biochar production from the first ball mill 5 Screen, so-called first screen, as a separating device for separating the biochar particles from residues and forwarding the biochar particles to the second ball mill 6 Outer area of ​​the grinding container filled with a bed of biochar from biochar production and the grinding balls as a comminution or grinding medium 7 Screening device for removing the residues from the grinding container 8 Switch or flap for diverting the bed via the screening device 9 Drive unit as an unbalanced or vibrating drive for the grinding container 10, 11, 12 Directions of movement of the bed in the grinding container

Claims

1. Easy-to-handle comminution device for refinement, preferably pulverisation, of a biochar, a. which comprises at least, preferably two, ball mills, wherein b. the first ball mill comprises, for producing biochar particles, an inlet for feeding a grinding container (3) of the first ball mill with a first material to be ground, preferably a biochar, and the grinding container comprising an outlet, having a grinding chamber, at least one drive assembly (9) and a separating device, c. the drive assembly is coupled to the grinding container, for driving said container, for generating movements of the grinding container, the grinding container comprises a base and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is moulded onto the base, d. at least part of the inside of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is configured to be hollow-cylindrical, e. part of the base of the grinding container is configured as an outlet for conducting the biochar particles onwards, f. the outlet comprises a first sieve (5) as the separating device of the first ball mill for separating the biochar particles from residues, characterised in that g. said outlet is connected to an inlet of a second ball mill via a line connected to the outlet, h. the apertures of the first sieve of the first ball mill correspond to one another, are configured to be elongate and angular in plan view, and are oriented in parallel with one another, i. the spacing A of the opposing long aperture walls of the first sieve, defining the apertures, from one another corresponds to a clear width or a spacing of 1.1 to 6.0 mm, preferably 1.2 to 4.0 mm, even more preferably 1.5 mm, j. the spacing B of the opposing short aperture walls of the first sieve, defining the apertures, from one another corresponds to a clear width or a spacing of 2.0 to 5.0 mm, preferably 2.5 to 4.0 mm, even more preferably 3.0 or 3.5 mm, k. the second ball mill comprises an inlet for feeding a grinding container with the biochar particles from the first ball mill, and a grinding container comprising an outlet, having a grinding chamber, a drive assembly and a separating device, l. the drive assembly is coupled to the grinding container for generating movements of the grinding container, the grinding container comprises a base and a grinding container wall, the grinding container wall is moulded onto the base, m. the inner wall of the grinding container wall facing the grinding chamber is curved outwards in cross-section, preferably is configured to be partially circular, for example semicircular, n. the outlet comprises a second sieve as the separating device for classifying the treated biochar particles, o. the separating device of the second ball mill, as the second sieve, comprises a lattice comprising a metal material and a lattice layer comprising plastics materials, p. said lattice lying on the outside of the lattice layer facing the grinding container of the second ball mill, and comprises square apertures in plan view, q. the apertures correspond to one another and have, as a dimension C, a dimension of 0.8 to 1.3 mm x 0.8 to 1.3 mm, preferably 1.0 to 1.2 x 1.0 to 1.2 mm, even more preferably 1.1 x 1.1 mm or 1.1 x 1.1 mm, r. the grinding containers contain grinding balls, the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a diameter identical to the diameter of the grinding balls of the second ball mill or different diameters, preferably the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a smaller diameter than the grinding balls of the second ball mill.

2. Easy-to-handle comminution device for refinement, preferably pulverisation, of a biochar, according to claim 1, characterised in that the grinding balls of the first ball mill have a diameter of 1.8 to 2.8 cm or 2.0 to 2.5 cm, preferably 2.1 to 2.4 cm, even more preferably 1.8 cm or 2.0 cm or 2.1 cm or 2.3 cm, most preferably 1.6 to 1.8 cm.

3. Easy-to-handle comminution device for refinement, preferably pulverisation, of a biochar, according to claim 1, characterised in that the grinding balls of the second ball mill have a diameter of 0.8 cm to 2.8 cm to 1.2 cm to 2.5 cm, preferably 0.8 cm to 2.0 cm or 1.0 cm to 1.8 cm, even more preferably 1.6 cm to 1.8 cm, 1.2 cm or 1.4 cm or 1.6 cm or 1.7 cm or 1.8 cm.

4. Easy-to-handle comminution device for refinement, preferably pulverisation, of a biochar, according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the diameters of the grinding balls of the first ball mill correspond to the diameter of the second ball mill, the ratio of the diameter of the interior in the hollow-cylindrical region to the diameter of the base is 1.47, the ratio of the usable volume of the grinding container of the first ball mill to the usable volume of the grinding container of the second ball mill is 5.42, the ratio of the drive power of the drive assembly of the first ball mill to the drive power of the drive assembly of the second ball mill is 25, the spacing A of the opposing long aperture walls, defining the apertures, of the first sieve from one another is 6.5 or 7.5 mm, the spacing B of the opposing short aperture walls, defining the apertures, of the first sieve from one another is 1.5 mm or 2.5 mm.

5. Easy-to-handle comminution device for refinement, preferably pulverisation, of a biochar, according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the pores of the sieve of the second ball mill correspond to one another, are configured to be circular, and have a clear width of less than 5 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 2.5 mm, even more preferably 0.1 to 1.0 mm.

6. Easy-to-handle comminution device for refinement, preferably pulverisation, of a biochar, according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the base of the grinding container of the first and / or second ball mill rests on helical springs which are arranged on a base plate to which the drive axle or drive shaft of the drive assembly is coupled eccentrically, e.g. by means of a transmission.

7. Biochar pulverisation facility for the production and refinement, for example pulverisation, of biochar to biochar powder comprising an easy-to-handle comminution device for the refinement, preferably pulverisation, of a biochar according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the biochar to be pulverised in the comminution device is previously produced, for feeding to the first ball mill, with the aid of a facility for the continuous generation of biochar from biomass particles in a fill material as a moving bed, with a shaft reactor, wherein the shaft reactor comprises a shaft reactor casing having a head end and a foot end and intended for receiving the biochar, at least one particle conveying means for conveying the biomass particles into the shaft reactor, at least one ventilation metering means for supplying the air into the shaft reactor, the head end of the shaft reactor comprises an input opening, and the foot end of the shaft reactor comprises an output opening, a central portion is located between the head end and the foot end, a lattice is arranged in an interior of the shaft reactor, in a transition region between the central portion of the shaft reactor and the foot end, for supporting the fill material, the foot end of the shaft reactor comprises the ventilation metering means, the ventilation metering means comprises an air conduction pipe and an outer pipe, the outer pipe receives an upper end of the air conduction pipe, the outer pipe is movably connected to the air conduction pipe, the air conduction pipe is connected to an air outer pipe, via which air can be supplied from the outside, the particle conveying means is arranged in the region of the head end, which comprises a chute means, the chute means comprises a steplessly tiltable chute for uniform, controlled, stepless radial distribution and feeding of the fill material with biomass particles, the chute is configured to be tiltable about a horizontal pivot axis oriented transversely to the vertical axis of rotation, the cute means, comprising a main drive means, is rotatably driven by the drive means, about the vertical axis of rotation, for feeding the surface of the fill material in the region about the vertical axis of rotation thereof, the supply of the air into the fill material via the ventilation metering means is controlled in terms of air quantity and zones, the spacing of an upper end of the outer tube from the underside of the lattice can be specified, and the outer tube is displaceable transversely to a central longitudinal axis A of the shaft reactor, a collection means arranged spaced apart from the lattice is arranged under or below the ventilation metering means, for damping the biochar moved out of the output opening of the shaft reactor, the collection means is connected to the inlet of the comminution device for feeding the grinding container (3) of the first ball mill of the comminution device, for transporting the biochar out of the facility into the comminution device, via a transport means.