Building facade element, attachment element and use of a membrane for ventilation of a space between external and internal glazing

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a building façade element, an attachment element and a use of a membrane for ventilating an intermediate space between an external glazing and an internal glazing, according to the preamble of the independent claims.

[0002] Devices for ventilating gaps between exterior and interior glazing are known from the prior art. These devices are used to prevent condensation of water vapor caused by temperature fluctuations and fluctuating relative humidity.

[0003] DE 2020 / 17104406 discloses a humidity-reactive control element that dehumidifies a building façade system with a double-skin façade, in particular a closed-cavity façade. The humidity-reactive control element transmits changes in relative humidity to a closure mechanism, which then opens and ventilates the closed-cavity façade. A disadvantage of this is that dirt can also enter the closed-cavity façade when the closure mechanism is opened, and the installation of additional filters is necessary to prevent contamination of the space between the closed-cavity façades. Such cleaning is time-consuming. Furthermore, the structure is complex and therefore maintenance-intensive and vulnerable.

[0004] KR 2016 / 0014152 discloses a triple-structured façade module with an outer shell element, an inner shell element, and a multifunctional partition wall. The outer shell element contains an external ventilation opening that can be opened and closed with an external ventilation shutter, while the multifunctional partition wall contains an adiabatic ventilation opening with an insulating louvre that can be opened and closed by a motor to regulate ventilation or dehumidification. A disadvantage is the control system required for the ventilation, which requires complex maintenance and can also be vulnerable.

[0005] FR 2 671 128 discloses a building façade element according to the preamble of claim 1 and an add-on element according to the preamble of claim 12.

[0006] The object of the invention is to provide a building façade element, an attachment element and a use of a membrane for ventilating the space between an external and internal glazing, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0007] This object is achieved by a building façade element, an attachment element and a use of a membrane for ventilating a space between an outer glazing and an inner glazing, according to the independent claims.

[0008] According to the invention, the building façade element comprises a frame in which an outer glazing and an inner glazing are arranged, wherein the outer glazing and the inner glazing are spaced apart from each other such that a gap is formed between them. The gap is permanently connected to the outside air via a ventilation opening, and the ventilation opening is provided with a breathable membrane.

[0009] In this context, exterior or interior glazing refers to glazing consisting of two, three, or more panes of glass. The panes are typically spaced 10 to 16 mm apart, and the space between them is usually filled with a mixture of air and argon or pure noble gases such as argon, krypton, or xenon, or a mixture of these noble gases. These noble gases are designed to have a low thermal transmittance and thus provide optimal insulation.

[0010] A breathable membrane is one that is both air-permeable and vapor-permeable. Vapor-permeable preferably means water vapor permeability.

[0011] The advantage of such a building façade element is that the space between the exterior and interior glazing can be permanently ventilated without requiring a control for the opening mechanism, preventing fogging of the exterior and interior glazing due to condensation. Furthermore, the breathable membrane prevents contaminants from entering the space, eliminating the need for time-consuming cleaning.

[0012] Preferably, the ventilation opening is arranged on at least one of the two vertical walls of the frame.

[0013] This arrangement results in optimized ventilation of the space.

[0014] Preferably, the ventilation opening is arranged in an upper half of the vertical walls of the frame during intended use. More preferably, it is arranged in an upper third of the vertical walls of the frame during intended use.

[0015] This arrangement of the ventilation opening not only optimises the ventilation of the space between the outer glazing and the inner glazing, but also visually conceals the ventilation opening from structural elements such as blinds.

[0016] Preferably, the ventilation opening has a width that is 50%, preferably 40% of the width of the side wall of the intermediate space.

[0017] The width of the side wall corresponds to the distance between the facing inner sides of the outer glazing and the inner glazing.

[0018] A ventilation opening with a width of 50%, preferably 40% of the width of the side wall has the advantage of allowing even and rapid ventilation during temperature fluctuations.

[0019] The distance between the outer glazing and the inner glazing is preferably between 5 and 35 cm, preferably between 9 and 30 cm, particularly preferably between 14 and 25 cm.

[0020] The advantage of a distance of between 5 and 35 cm, preferably between 9 and 30 cm, particularly preferably between 14 and 25 cm, between the outer and inner glazing is that a sun protection or privacy screen with standard dimensions, typically with a depth of between 100 mm and 160 mm, can be arranged in the space between them.

[0021] Preferably, the ventilation opening has an opening area in mm 2< which is 5 - 50 times, preferably 10-20 times, particularly preferably 15 times the interspace volume in dm 3<.

[0022] The volume of the space between the windows is determined by the outer glazing, the inner glazing and the frame that separates the outer and inner glazing.

[0023] The revealed ratio between opening area and space volume results in particularly effective ventilation.

[0024] Preferably, the breathable membrane has a water vapor transmission rate in a range of 35,000 to 65,000 g / m 2 / 24h.

[0025] The advantage of this type of water vapor permeability is that water vapor cannot penetrate from the outside into the space between the outer and inner glazing. However, the water vapor created in the space due to temperature fluctuations is released to the outside. The water vapor transmission rate is determined according to the DIN EN ISO 12572 standard.

[0026] Preferably, the breathable membrane is water-repellent, with a water column of at least 5 m, preferably at least 20 m, particularly preferably at least 35 m.

[0027] The exposed water column prevents water from the surrounding environment from penetrating the space between the exterior and interior glazing. The water column is determined according to the ISO 811:1981 standard.

[0028] The breathable membrane has an air permeability of ≥ 10 L / m 2< *s, preferably ≥ 30 L / m 2< *s, particularly preferably ≥ 50 L / m 2< *s.

[0029] The advantage of this type of air permeability is that it allows for a uniform and efficient exchange of air with the surrounding environment, preventing condensation due to temperature fluctuations in the space between the outer and inner glazing. Air permeability is determined according to the ISO 9237:1995-12 standard.

[0030] The breathable membrane is made of a composite material or is coated with a composite material.

[0031] The composite material is a material made of two or more bonded materials that possesses different material properties than its individual components. The composite materials preferably comprise saturated monounsaturated and / or polyunsaturated ethers, ketones, aldehydes, alkenes, alkynes, amides, amines, nitriles, thioethers, carboxylic acid esters, thioesters, sulfones, thioketones, thioaldehydes, sulfenes, sulfenamides, fluoroacrylates, siloxanes, epoxides, urethanes, and / or acrylates. Materials that release radicals or ions during a plasma coating process are particularly preferred, contributing to a non-polar, Teflon-like surface on the composite. Materials as described in WO 2017 / 129418 are particularly preferred. A membrane made of the disclosed composite material has the advantage of enabling permanent, uniform, and efficient ventilation while simultaneously being impermeable to dirt.Preferably, the breathable membrane has an average pore diameter in a range of 0.08 to 100 µm.

[0032] The pore diameter is particularly advantageous because it prevents water and dirt from passing through. At the same time, it allows water vapor to pass through, thus preventing the formation of condensate in the gap.

[0033] Preferably, the ventilation opening is arranged on / in an attachment part and the attachment part is designed to be replaceable.

[0034] This has the advantage that any signs of wear or defects can be easily remedied by replacing the attachment without having to remove the entire building façade element.

[0035] Preferably, the attachment element is designed in the form of a box that encloses the ventilation opening and the breathable membrane. It has proven particularly advantageous for the attachment element to be designed as a single unit, in the form of a box. This makes it easy to install and, if necessary, also easy to replace.

[0036] The object is further achieved with an attachment element for a building facade element according to independent claim 12, which comprises a breathable membrane arranged in a holder.

[0037] The add-on element can be attached to a side wall of an existing building façade element and the breathable membrane can be clamped, screwed, glued or attached in another way using standard joining practices.

[0038] The attachment element described can advantageously be used to permanently ventilate the space between an external glazing and an internal glazing in the event of temperature fluctuations in order to prevent condensation.

[0039] The object is further achieved by the use of a membrane according to independent claim 13, with a water vapor transmission rate in a range of 35,000 to 65,000 g / m 2 < / 24h; and / or a water column of at least 5 m, preferably of at least 20 m, particularly preferably of at least 35 m; and / or an air permeability of ≥ 10 L / m 2 < *s, preferably of ≥ 30 L / m 2 < *s, particularly preferably of ≥ 50 L / m 2 < *s; and / or coated with a composite material or consisting of a composite material; and / or an average pore diameter in a range of 0.08 to 100 µm; and serves to regulate the climate of a space between a building facade element.

[0040] The advantage of the described membrane with the aforementioned properties, determined by the aforementioned standards, lies, firstly, in the fact that it allows for a permanent opening of the building façade element without allowing dirt to enter the space between the exterior and interior glazing of the building façade element. Secondly, the described membrane ensures that the water vapor generated by temperature fluctuations can escape from the space between the exterior and interior glazing due to its water vapor permeability, thus preventing condensation on the exterior and interior glazing. The average pore diameter is adjustable during the membrane's production using the electrospinning process and can be adapted to the requirements of the composite as needed (see WO 2017 / 129418).

[0041] The invention is further explained below using exemplary embodiments in figures. Herein: Figure 1: Schematic representation of an embodiment of a building façade element Figure 2: Schematic representation of a side view of an embodiment of an add-on element Figure 3: Schematic representation of an embodiment of an external view of the add-on element

[0042] One in Figure 1 The building façade element 1 shown serves for the permanent ventilation of an intermediate space 2 formed by an outer glazing 3 and an inner glazing 4, which are spaced apart by a frame 5. An attachment element 6 is arranged on the frame 5 in the upper third of one of the two vertical side walls, which includes an opening for the permanent ventilation of the building façade element 1.

[0043] Figure 2shows the add-on element 6 for permanent ventilation of the building facade element 1. The add-on element 6 is clamped to the frame outer side 52 via a frame hole 51, which corresponds to the side of the frame 5 facing away from the intermediate space 2, using fasteners 61. The add-on element 6 comprises an active membrane 62 made of a composite material, which is arranged in the add-on element 6 by means of a holder 63. The active membrane 62 is permeable to air and water vapor, but simultaneously impermeable to water. The active membrane 62 is functionally connected to the outside air 7 of the building facade element 1 via a perforated plate 61.

[0044] Figure 3 shows the add-on element 6 in the form of a replaceable unit, or box. On the outside of the add-on element 6, which faces the outside air 7, a perforated plate 61 is arranged, through which the active membrane 62 contained in the add-on element is functionally connected to the outside air 7.

Claims

1. Building façade element (1) with a frame (5) in which an outer glazing (3) and an inner glazing (4) are arranged, wherein the outer glazing (3) and the inner glazing (4) are spaced apart in such a way that an intermediate space (2) is formed between them, wherein the intermediate space (2) is permanently connected to the outside air via a ventilation opening (51), and wherein the ventilation opening (51) is provided with a breathable membrane (62), characterised in that the breathable membrane (62) has an air permeability of ≥ 10 L / m2*s, and that the breathable membrane (62) consists of a composite material or is coated with a composite material.

2. Building façade element according to claim 1, characterised in that the ventilation opening (51) is arranged on at least one of the two vertical walls of the frame (5).

3. Building façade element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ventilation opening (51) is arranged in an upper half of the walls of the frame (5) which are vertical when used as intended, preferably in an upper third.

4. Building façade element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ventilation opening (51) has a width which is 50%, preferably 40%, of the width of the side wall of the intermediate space (2).

5. Building façade element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the distance between the outer glazing (3) and the inner glazing (4) is between 5 and 35 cm, preferably between 9 and 30 cm, particularly preferably between 14 and 25 cm.

6. Building façade element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ventilation opening (51) has an opening area in mm2 which is 5 - 50 times, preferably 10 - 20 times, particularly preferably 15 times the intermediate space volume in dm3.

7. Building façade element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the breathable membrane (62) has a water vapour permeability rate in a range from 35000 to 65000 g / m2 / 24h.

8. Building façade element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the breathable membrane (62) is water-repellent, with a water column of at least 5 m, preferably of at least 20 m, particularly preferably of at least 35 m.

9. Building façade element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the breathable membrane (62) has an average pore diameter in a range from 0.08 to 100 µm.

10. Building façade element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the ventilation opening (51) is arranged on / in an add-on element (6) and the add-on element (6) is designed to be replaceable.

11. Building façade element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the add-on element (6) is in the form of a box comprising the ventilation opening (51) and the breathable membrane (62).

12. Add-on element (6) for a building façade element (1), wherein - the building façade element (1) comprises a frame (5) in which an outer glazing (3) and an inner glazing (4) are arranged, wherein the outer glazing (3) and the inner glazing (4) are spaced apart from one another in such a way that an intermediate space (2) is formed between them, and wherein the intermediate space (2) is in permanent communication with the outside air via a ventilation opening (51); - the add-on element (6) comprises a holder (63) in which a breathable membrane (62) is arranged; - the add-on element (6) can be positioned over the ventilation opening (51); characterised in that the breathable membrane (62) - has an air permeability of ≥ 10 L / m2*s; and - consists of a composite material or is coated with a composite material.

13. Use of a membrane (62) with - a water vapour transmission rate in the range from 35000 to 65000 g / m2 / 24h; and / or - a water column of at least 5 m, preferably at least 20 m, particularly preferably at least 35 m; and / or - an air permeability of ≥ 10 L / m2*s, preferably of ≥ 30 L / m2*s, particularly preferably of ≥ 50 L / m2*s; and / or - coated with a composite material or consisting of a composite material; and / or - has an average pore diameter in a range from 0.08 to 100 µm; for climate regulation of an intermediate space (2) of a building façade element (1), in particular according to claims 1 to 11.