SAMPLING DEVICE

Description

State of the art

[0001] The invention relates to a sampling device, a method for operating a sampling device and an analysis device according to the preamble of claims 1, 9 and 10.

[0002] Sampling devices for a measuring device assigned to at least one drinking water pipe for measuring drinking water contamination by microorganisms in the drinking water pipe are already known.

[0003] The object of the invention is, in particular, to provide a generic device, method, and / or apparatus with improved efficiency. This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claims 1, 9, and 10, while advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims. US 2002 / 182657 A1 discloses a device for measuring drinking water contamination according to the preamble of claim 1. Advantages of the invention

[0004] The invention relates to a sampling device for a measuring device, in particular a stationary one, assigned to at least one drinking water pipe for measuring drinking water contamination in the drinking water pipe by microorganisms, with at least one sampling unit which is provided for drinking water sampling, and with at least one sensor unit.

[0005] It is proposed that the sensor unit be located at least partially within the sampling unit and be designed to sense at least one contamination risk parameter.

[0006] This can advantageously improve the efficiency of measuring drinking water contamination. In particular, a drinking water pipe can be monitored by the sensor unit, and an actual measurement of drinking water contamination can be carried out even when there is a high probability of contamination. Furthermore, it is advantageous to provide the user with a user-friendly, cost-effective, and, in particular, automated device for monitoring drinking water contamination. For example, monitoring can be achieved at various locations and / or drinking water pipes within a building's drinking water system.

[0007] The term "sampling device" shall be understood to mean, in particular, at least one structural and / or functional component, and preferably a functional device, which is designed to take at least one drinking water sample from at least one drinking water pipe, particularly one that is permanently assigned to the sampling device. The sampling device may be assigned to and / or provided for taking drinking water samples from at least two, preferably at least three, and particularly preferably several drinking water pipes, particularly those that are permanently assigned. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the sampling device is assigned to at least one pipe other than a drinking water pipe, in particular a water pipe carrying industrial water and / or process water, and is specifically designed for taking industrial water samples and / or process water samples.The sampling device is, in particular, a component of an analytical device for analyzing drinking water contamination, which includes at least one such sampling device. Preferably, an analytical device can comprise at least two, preferably at least three, and particularly preferably several sampling devices, which can be assigned to at least one, and preferably different, drinking water lines. An "analytical device" is understood to mean, in particular, a device that is intended for at least a prediction and / or at least a measurement of drinking water contamination.A "prognosis" is understood to mean, in particular, a statement of the probability of drinking water contamination, which can be determined, in particular, based on at least one contamination risk parameter, preferably without directly determining the presence and / or number of microorganisms themselves. The analytical device includes, in particular, at least one measuring device, preferably permanently assigned to at least one drinking water pipe, for measuring drinking water contamination by microorganisms in the drinking water pipe. The measuring device is specifically designed for measuring the drinking water contamination based on at least one drinking water sample from at least one drinking water pipe, preferably provided by the sampling device, which is also preferably permanently assigned to the measuring device.Particularly preferably, the analytical device comprises only a single measuring device, in particular a single measuring device responsible for all sampling devices and / or drinking water pipes. Alternatively, the analytical device may also comprise several measuring devices, in particular one for each sampling device and / or associated drinking water pipe.

[0008] The term "intended" should be understood to mean, in particular, specifically programmed, specially designed, and / or specially equipped. The fact that an object is intended for a specific function should be understood to mean, in particular, that the object fulfills and / or executes this specific function in at least one application and / or operating state.

[0009] The phrase "an object is assigned to at least one other object" means, in particular, that the object is intended to interact with the other object in at least one operating state, preferably permanently, and is specifically located on it. Furthermore, "fixed assignment" means that the object is permanently connected to the other object, particularly via a fluid connection, and is specifically mounted on it. For example, the sampling unit of the drinking water pipe is specifically fixed in its location and thus intended, in at least one operating state and preferably permanently, for taking a drinking water sample from the drinking water pipe. Specifically, if the sampling device is fixed in its location, it is located within the drinking water pipe and / or permanently connected to it via a fluid connection and / or mounted on it.

[0010] The term "drinking water pipe" refers specifically to a pipe designed to carry drinking water, particularly hot water. For example, a drinking water pipe may be a pipe from a drinking water service connection, a drinking water service entry point, a drinking water fitting, a drinking water tap, a drinking water storage tank, particularly a drinking water storage heater, a drinking water circuit, or the like. In particular, a pipe from a drinking water fitting, a drinking water tap, a drinking water storage tank, particularly a drinking water storage heater, or a drinking water circuit may be designed as a hot water drinking water pipe. "Hot water" refers specifically to drinking water that has a water temperature of at least room temperature, particularly 20°C.

[0011] The term "contamination of a drinking water pipe by microorganisms" refers specifically to contamination of the drinking water pipe itself and / or the drinking water conveyed by the drinking water pipe by microorganisms, particularly Legionella. "Contamination" is defined specifically as the presence of microorganisms exceeding 10, preferably 50, and particularly preferably 100 microorganisms per 100 ml of drinking water. For example, according to the German Drinking Water Ordinance (TrinkwV 2001), drinking water contamination is defined as exceeding 100 microorganisms per 100 ml of drinking water, particularly for microorganisms such as Legionella.

[0012] The term "sampling unit" is understood to mean, in particular, a unit designed to extract at least a portion of the drinking water supplied by the drinking water pipeline as a drinking water sample. The sampling unit, in particular, forms a branch off the drinking water pipeline. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the sampling unit forms at least part, preferably at least a large portion, of the drinking water pipeline and / or a bypass from the drinking water pipeline. The term "at least a large portion" is understood to mean, in particular, at least 55%, advantageously at least 65%, preferably at least 75%, particularly preferably at least 85%, and particularly advantageously at least 95%, and especially also completely. The sampling unit has, in particular, at least one connection, which is designed as a drinking water inlet.Furthermore, the sampling unit has at least one additional connection, which is provided as a drinking water outlet. Preferably, the connection and the additional connection are fluidically opposite each other. A main flow of drinking water through the drinking water line runs, in particular, from the connection to the additional connection. Furthermore, the sampling unit has at least one further connection. This further connection is provided for drinking water sampling. This further connection is arranged, in particular, at least substantially transversely to a main flow direction of drinking water through the drinking water line. "At least substantially transversely" is to be understood, in particular, as different from "at least substantially parallel" and preferably "at least substantially perpendicularly".The term "at least substantially parallel" here refers in particular to an alignment of a direction relative to a reference direction, especially in a plane, wherein the direction and the reference direction form an angle of 0°, particularly taking into account a maximum deviation of less than 8°, advantageously less than 5°, and most advantageously less than 2°. The term "at least substantially perpendicular" here refers in particular to an alignment of a direction relative to a reference direction, especially in a plane, wherein the direction and the reference direction form an angle of 90°, particularly taking into account a maximum deviation of less than 8°, advantageously less than 5°, and most advantageously less than 2°.

[0013] The dispensing unit comprises, in particular, at least one valve unit. The valve unit is designed for targeted drinking water dispensing. The valve unit is, in particular, at least partially and preferably at least to a large extent, arranged in the area of ​​the further connection of the dispensing unit. A "valve unit" is understood to mean, in particular, a unit comprising at least one valve. Preferably, the valve unit may comprise at least two, preferably more, valves, especially valves of different designs. The valve unit includes, in particular, at least one valve designed as a check valve and preferably arranged in the area of ​​the further connection.The valve unit comprises, in particular, at least one valve configured as a switching valve, which can be opened and / or closed by switching for targeted sampling and is preferably arranged in the area of ​​the further connection. Furthermore, the valve unit can have at least one valve configured as a metering valve, which is intended for setting a sample quantity of a drinking water sample and is preferably arranged in the area of ​​the further connection. It is conceivable that the valves, in particular the valves configured as switching valves, check valves, and / or metering valves, are at least partially formed as a single piece and thus preferably together form a single valve. Particularly preferably, the valve configured as a check valve and the valve configured as a switching valve could be formed as a single piece.The valve unit comprises, in particular, a valve housing, which is provided for arranging at least one valve of the valve unit. The phrase "at least partially formed in one piece" means, in particular, that at least one element and / or part of the first object and at least one element and / or part of the second object are formed in one piece. "In one piece" means, in particular, at least that the components are joined by a material bond, for example, by a welding process, an adhesive bonding process, an injection molding process, and / or another process that would be considered appropriate by a person skilled in the art, and / or advantageously that they are formed in one piece, such as by manufacturing from a single casting and / or by manufacturing using a single- or multi-component injection molding process, and advantageously from a single blank.The term "materially bonded" is understood to mean in particular that mass components are held together by atomic or molecular forces, such as in soldering, welding, gluing and / or vulcanizing.

[0014] Furthermore, the sampling unit has, in particular, at least one sampling line for conveying the drinking water sample. The sampling unit can also include at least two, and preferably more, sampling lines. In the present case, the sampling unit preferably comprises only one sampling line. The sampling line is preferably fluidically connected to the further connection and / or the valve unit. Preferably, the valve unit is arranged, at least partially and preferably at least to a large extent, fluidically between the further connection and the sampling line. Particularly preferably, at least the valve of the valve unit, which is designed as a metering valve, is fluidly arranged between the further connection and the sampling line. The sampling line consists, in particular, at least partially of a plastic, such as rubber.It is conceivable that the sampling line consists, at least partially, of a material with antimicrobial properties, such as copper, silver, a chemical additive, or the like, in order to prevent drinking water contamination of the sampling unit, which could, in particular, distort a measurement result. For example, a surface layer of the sampling line that comes into contact with drinking water could be coated with the antimicrobial material.

[0015] The term "sensor unit" is understood to mean, in particular, a unit comprising at least one sensor. The sensor unit can advantageously comprise at least two, preferably at least three, and particularly preferably several sensors, which may be of different designs. Furthermore, the sensors of the sensor unit can be arranged at different positions. The phrase "the sensor unit is at least partially arranged in the sampling unit" means, in particular, that at least one sensor of the sensor unit, and preferably all sensors of the sensor unit, are arranged in the sampling unit. Furthermore, "arranged in something" means, in particular, also that it is integrated into something. The sensor unit is intended, in particular, for sensing at least two, preferably at least three, and especially preferably several, contamination risk parameters, which may be different from one another.In particular, the sensor unit has a sensor for each contamination risk parameter, which is designed to detect the respective contamination risk parameter. A "contamination risk parameter" is understood to be, in particular, a parameter that is at least correlated with drinking water contamination. Preferably, drinking water contamination can be predicted based on the contamination risk parameter. The contamination risk parameter is, in particular, a flow rate, a temperature, a pH value, a salinity, a metal content, a degree of corrosion, such as a corrosion degradation product content, a biofilm content, in particular a biofilm thickness, or the like.

[0016] It is further proposed that the sampling unit have at least one connection head for connection to the drinking water supply. This advantageously allows for simple and efficient sampling. In particular, the flow of drinking water through the drinking water supply can be used for sampling, thus eliminating the need for additional conveying equipment, such as pumps. The connection head is preferably designed as a three-way connection head. Preferably, the connection head is at least partially T-shaped. The connection head provides the connection, the additional connection, and the further connection of the sampling unit. In particular, the valve unit is at least partially integrated into the connection head. The connection head is preferably directly connected to the drinking water supply.Furthermore, the valve unit, and in particular the metering valve of the valve unit, is arranged at least partially between the connection head and the dispensing line. The sensor unit is arranged at least partially, and preferably at least to a large extent, in the connection head, particularly in the area of ​​the connection.

[0017] It is further proposed that the sensor unit include at least one sensor designed as a temperature sensor. This can further improve the efficiency of sampling. In particular, temperature can be used and / or recorded with high reliability as a contamination risk parameter for predicting drinking water contamination. The temperature sensor is specifically intended for sensing the temperature of drinking water in the drinking water supply line as a contamination risk parameter. The temperature sensor is located in the sampling unit, preferably in the connection head, and preferably in the connection area. The temperature sensor can, for example, be designed as a thermistor and / or a thermistor. Furthermore, the temperature sensor could be designed as a temperature probe.

[0018] Furthermore, it is proposed that the sensor unit include at least one sensor designed as a flow sensor. This can further improve the efficiency of sampling. In particular, flow rate can be used and / or recorded with high reliability as a contamination risk parameter for predicting drinking water contamination. The flow sensor is specifically designed to detect the flow rate of drinking water in the drinking water line as a contamination risk parameter. The flow sensor is located in the sampling unit, preferably in the connection head, particularly in the connection area. Alternatively or additionally, the flow sensor could be used to dispense a volume of a drinking water sample. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the sensor unit includes at least one further flow sensor designed to dispense a volume of a drinking water sample.Preferably, the additional flow sensor is arranged at an end section of the extraction line.

[0019] The flow sensor could be a direct volumetric flow meter, such as a meter with a constant measuring chamber volume, a meter with a variable measuring chamber volume, an oval gear meter, a piston meter, or the like. Alternatively, the flow sensor could also be an indirect volumetric flow meter, such as a vane anemometer, a Woltmann flow meter, or the like. To achieve a flow measurement that is at least essentially free of dead space and / or at least essentially free of mechanical interference, and thus further improve a forecast based on this measurement, it is proposed that the flow sensor be designed as an ultrasonic flow sensor.

[0020] Furthermore, it is proposed that the sampling device include at least one dispersion unit designed to disperse microorganisms in drinking water. This can advantageously improve the efficiency and, in particular, the accuracy of measuring drinking water contamination, as agglomerates and aggregates, especially of suspended solids and / or bacteria, or even parts of a biofilm, can be separated, thus enabling the detection of individual microorganisms. Furthermore, damage to the sampling device, such as from blockage by a biofilm or similar, can be avoided. A "dispersion unit" is understood to mean, in particular, a unit designed to break down agglomerates and / or aggregates of microorganisms, which occur especially during biofilm formation, into preferably individual, separate microorganisms.The dispersion unit is preferably designed as an ultrasonic disperser, which disperses microorganisms in the drinking water by supplying ultrasound to the dispensing unit. In particular, the dispersion unit supplies ultrasound with a frequency of at least 16 kHz, preferably at least 18 kHz, particularly preferably at least 20 kHz, and most preferably at least 30 kHz. The dispersion unit is, in particular, arranged at least partially on the dispensing unit, especially on the dispensing line. Alternatively or additionally, the dispersion unit could be arranged at least partially on the connection head.

[0021] It is further proposed that the sampling device include at least one decoupling unit designed to isolate vibrations propagating mechanically along the sampling unit. This can advantageously improve efficiency. In particular, it prevents vibrations from influencing measurement results. Furthermore, it can prevent wear on other components of the sampling device. Specifically, the decoupling unit is designed to decouple vibrations, especially ultrasound, generated by the dispersion unit. Preferably, the decoupling unit is at least partially made of an elastically deformable material, especially rubber.For example, the decoupling unit could have at least one decoupling element, which is preferably designed as a decoupling ring and is in particular mechanically arranged between different components of the sampling device.

[0022] Furthermore, it is proposed that the decoupling unit at least partially decouples the dispersing unit and / or the sensor unit from each other using vibration-mechanical means. This can advantageously improve efficiency further. In particular, it can prevent the sensing and / or the resulting prediction of drinking water contamination from being distorted by the ultrasound provided by the dispersing unit. Furthermore, it can prevent wear and tear on other components of the sampling device. Preferably, the decoupling unit is mechanically arranged at least partially between the dispersing unit and the sensor unit, the connection head, and / or the valve unit. According to the invention, in addition to vibration-mechanical decoupling of the dispersing unit and / or the sensor unit, the decoupling unit is also designed to thermally decouple the sensor unit from the dispersing unit.

[0023] It is further proposed that the decoupling unit and the extraction unit be formed at least partially, and preferably at least to a large extent, as a single piece. This can advantageously improve efficiency, particularly component and / or installation space efficiency. Furthermore, a particularly efficient and comprehensive decoupling effect can be achieved. Preferably, the extraction line of the extraction unit is formed integrally with the decoupling unit. Particularly preferably, the extraction line forms the entire decoupling unit. For example, the extraction line of the extraction unit is formed at least partially from an elastically deformable material, in particular rubber. For example, the line can have decoupling rings. Preferably, the entire line is formed in the form of a rubber hose, which forms the decoupling unit.

[0024] It is further proposed that the sampling device include at least one control unit designed to predict drinking water contamination based on at least one, and preferably at least two, contamination risk parameters. This can advantageously improve efficiency, as a prediction of drinking water contamination can be performed instead of a detailed and long-term measurement, and this prediction also provides information about actual drinking water contamination. In particular, a prediction can be performed continuously and in a time-saving manner, especially compared to an actual measurement. A "control unit" is understood to mean, in particular, a unit with at least one processor unit and preferably at least one storage unit.The control unit comprises, in particular, at least one operating program designed to execute a process and, in particular, comprising at least one process sequence. The operating program is executable by the processor unit and is preferably stored in the memory unit. The control unit is specifically designed to control other components of the sampling device, the measuring device, and / or the analytical device, such as the valve unit, the dispersion unit, the sensor unit, and / or the disinfection unit. In particular, the control unit can also be part of the measuring device and / or the analytical device itself. Preferably, the control unit is designed to determine the probability of drinking water contamination based on at least two, and particularly preferably exactly two, contamination risk parameters, especially temperature and flow rate.Furthermore, it is conceivable that the control unit is designed to determine the probability of drinking water contamination based on at least three, and preferably more, contamination risk parameters. The control unit is particularly preferably designed to determine the probability of drinking water contamination based on a contamination map. A "contamination map" is understood to be, in particular, a map in which at least two contamination risk parameters are plotted against each other and assigned values ​​corresponding to a contamination probability. The contamination map is, in particular, a probability map.Furthermore, it is conceivable that the control unit determines the probability of drinking water contamination based on a contamination characteristic curve, which includes at least values ​​of a contamination risk parameter that are assigned to values ​​corresponding to the probability of drinking water contamination. Alternatively, the control unit could also determine the probability of drinking water contamination based on a contamination matrix, in which values ​​of several contamination risk parameters are linked to values ​​corresponding to a contamination probability. In particular, it is conceivable to assign the values ​​of the contamination risk parameter to a probability of drinking water contamination by retrieving stored comparative values ​​and / or by a mathematical calculation, such as by calculating the average of any stored comparative values.

[0025] It is further proposed that the control unit be designed to perform sampling based on at least one predicted drinking water contamination. This can advantageously improve efficiency. In particular, consumables used in a measurement can be saved, since measurements are only performed when the probability of drinking water contamination is sufficiently high. Furthermore, an advantageously efficient ratio of the number of measurements to the number of detected contaminations can be achieved. Preferably, the control unit performs sampling when the probability of drinking water contamination exceeds a stored reference value.Preferably, the control unit is designed to perform a sampling when the probability of drinking water contamination exceeds a reference value of at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, and particularly preferably at least 75%. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the control unit performs a sampling frequency depending on the predicted drinking water contamination, in particular the probability of contamination. Preferably, the respective sampling frequency depends on the probability of drinking water contamination, weighted by a factor representing the maximum sampling frequency.

[0026] It is further proposed that the sampling device comprise at least one filter unit, which is at least partially arranged within the sampling unit and is designed for macrofiltration of the drinking water. This can advantageously improve efficiency. In particular, the efficiency of a measurement can be improved, as suspended solids that could influence a measurement or damage the device can be filtered out. The filter unit comprises, in particular, at least one filter element, such as a filter screen, especially one of aerator type. The filter unit, and in particular the filter element of the filter unit, is arranged, in particular, in the connection head of the sampling unit. "Macrofiltration" is understood to mean, in particular, filtration with a pore size of at most 1000 µm, preferably at most 100 µm, and most preferably at most 10 µm.

[0027] It is further proposed that the sampling device include at least one disinfection unit, which is designed to disinfect at least the sampling unit. This can further improve efficiency, particularly predictive efficiency and / or measurement efficiency. It advantageously prevents an accumulation of microorganisms in the sampling unit from influencing the measurement result. The control unit is specifically designed to disinfect the sampling unit by means of the disinfection unit before and / or after sampling. A "disinfection unit" is understood to mean, in particular, a unit designed to eliminate or kill microorganisms. The disinfection unit can, in particular, be arranged, at least partially, on the connection head.

[0028] Preferably, the disinfection unit is at least partially arranged on the dispensing line. The disinfection unit could, in particular, be designed for chemical disinfection. "Chemical disinfection" is understood to mean, in particular, disinfection using an oxidizing agent such as chlorine, chlorine oxide, hydrogen peroxide, dimethyl dicarbonate, silver ions, and / or ozone. Preferably, the disinfection unit is designed for physical disinfection. "Physical disinfection" is understood to mean, in particular, disinfection by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, such as UV light, and / or by heating. In particular, the disinfection unit is designed to heat the dispensing unit to at least 50°C, preferably at least 60°C, and most preferably at least 70°C.

[0029] It is conceivable that the disinfection unit comprises at least one UV light source as at least one disinfection element. To achieve a particularly efficient disinfection effect, it is proposed that the disinfection unit include at least one temperature control element. Preferably, the disinfection unit itself forms the temperature control element. In particular, the dispensing line forms the disinfection unit. Preferably, the dispensing line is heatable, especially as a temperature control element. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the disinfection unit has a disinfection element separate from the dispensing line. Preferably, the disinfection element is a heating coil. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the disinfection element could be a Peltier element.

[0030] Furthermore, a method for operating one of the aforementioned sampling devices is proposed, in which at least one contamination risk parameter is sensed using a sensor unit which is at least partially arranged in a sampling unit which is intended for taking drinking water.

[0031] Furthermore, the invention relates to an analysis device with at least one measuring device, at least one drinking water pipe, in particular a fixed location, for measuring drinking water contamination in the drinking water pipe by microorganisms and with at least one sampling device according to the invention.

[0032] The sampling device, the method, and / or the analytical apparatus according to the invention are not intended to be limited to the application and embodiment described above. In particular, the sampling device, the method, and / or the analytical apparatus according to the invention may, to achieve a functionality described herein, comprise a different number of individual elements, components, units, and process steps than those specified herein. Furthermore, values ​​within the specified limits of the value ranges stated in this disclosure shall also be considered disclosed and freely usable. Drawings

[0033] Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of the drawings. The drawings illustrate an embodiment of the invention. The drawings, the description, and the claims contain numerous features in combination. A person skilled in the art will expediently consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.

[0034] They show: Fig. 1 an analysis device in a schematic perspective view, Fig. 2 a part of the analysis device with a sampling device, a measuring device and a cartridge device in an exploded view, Fig. 3 a part of the analysis device with a sampling device, Fig. 4 a diagram of an exemplary contamination characteristic curve for predicting drinking water contamination, Fig. 5 a part of the cartridge device with a cartridge housing in a schematic perspective view, Fig. 6 a part of the cartridge device without the cartridge housing in a schematic perspective view, Fig. 7 a part of the cartridge device with a test strip in a schematic perspective view, Fig. 8 a part of the cartridge device, the sampling device and the measuring device in a schematic perspective view and Fig.9. A schematic flowchart of an exemplary procedure for operating the analysis facility. Description of the exemplary embodiment

[0035] Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an analysis device 42 and a drinking water pipe 12. The analysis device 42 is associated with a drinking water pipe 12. In this case, the analysis device 42 is permanently attached to the drinking water pipe 12. The analysis device 42 is permanently connected to the drinking water pipe 12. The analysis device 42 is intended for analyzing drinking water contamination of the drinking water pipe 12 by microorganisms 16. For clarity, the microorganisms 16 are shown in Fig. 1The diagram is exaggerated. Alternatively, the analysis device 42 could also be movable, particularly to allow it to be assigned to drinking water pipes 12 at different locations. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the analysis device 42 could be assigned to several drinking water pipes 12. Preferably, the analysis device 42 is assigned to the last draw-off point of a drinking water pipe system, i.e., in particular, directly before an end consumer.

[0036] The drinking water pipe 12 carries drinking water 30. In this case, the drinking water pipe 12 carries hot water. The drinking water pipe 12 is a hot water pipe. The drinking water pipe 12 is connected to a fitting 124. The fitting 124 is part of a washbasin set 126. Alternatively, the drinking water pipe 12 could be a drinking water 30-carrying pipe of a drinking water service connection, a drinking water service entry point, a drinking water storage tank, in particular a drinking water storage heater, or the like.

[0037] The analysis unit 42 comprises at least one external unit 128. The external unit 128 is designed separately from other components of the analysis unit 42.

[0038] The external unit 128 is intended for data exchange with other components of the analysis device 42. The external unit 128 is intended, at a minimum, for displaying analysis data. Furthermore, the external unit 128 is intended for controlling, in particular remotely controlling, the analysis device 42. In this case, the external unit 128 is configured as a smartphone. Alternatively, the external unit 128 could also be configured as another device, in particular a handheld device, such as a tablet, a smartwatch, a laptop, or the like. Furthermore, the external unit 128 could be a server, in particular a cloud server, such as a server at a company headquarters.

[0039] Fig. 2Figure 1 shows a portion of the analytical device 42 in an exploded view. The analytical device 42 comprises at least one measuring device 14. Furthermore, the analytical device 42 comprises at least one sampling device 10. The sampling device 10 is designed to provide the measuring device 14 with at least one drinking water sample. The sampling device 10 is arranged on the measuring device 14. The analytical device 42 also comprises at least one cartridge device 44. The cartridge device 44 is arranged on the measuring device 14. The measuring device 14 includes at least one receiving housing. The receiving housing is designed to at least partially receive the cartridge device 44.A "cartridge device" 44 is understood to mean, in particular, at least one structural and / or functional component, and preferably a functional device, which is designed to be coupled to at least one measuring device 14 for measuring drinking water contamination. The cartridge device 44 is, in particular, a component of an analysis device 42, which comprises at least one such cartridge device 44 and / or measuring device 14. The cartridge device 44 is designed to be interchangeable. "Interchangeable" is understood to mean, in particular, replaceable by a new cartridge device that is at least substantially identical. "At least substantially identical" is understood to mean, in particular, identical except for manufacturing and / or assembly tolerances.

[0040] Fig. 3Figure 1 shows a part of the sampling device 10 in a schematic perspective view. The sampling device 10 is intended at least for monitoring a predicted drinking water contamination. In addition, the sampling device 10 is intended for taking at least one drinking water sample from the drinking water pipe 12 (see Figure 1). Fig. 1 The sampling device 10 is assigned to the drinking water pipe 12. In the present case, the sampling device 10 is permanently assigned to the drinking water pipe 12. The sampling device 10 is permanently connected to the drinking water pipe 12.

[0041] The sampling device 10 has at least one sampling unit 18. The sampling unit 18 is designed for taking a drinking water sample. Specifically, the sampling unit 18 is intended to take at least a portion of the drinking water 30 carried by the drinking water line 12 as a drinking water sample from the drinking water line 12. In this case, the sampling unit 18 forms a branch of the drinking water line 12. Furthermore, the sampling unit 18 could at least partially form the drinking water line 12 and / or a bypass of the drinking water line 12.

[0042] The extraction unit 18 has at least one connection 132. Connection 132 is designed as a drinking water inlet. Connection 132 is connected to the drinking water line 12. Furthermore, the extraction unit 18 has at least one additional connection 134. The additional connection 134 is designed as a drinking water outlet. Connection 132 and the additional connection 134 are arranged opposite each other in terms of fluid flow.

[0043] Furthermore, the sampling unit 18 has at least one additional connection 136. This additional connection 136 is intended for taking drinking water samples. In particular, this additional connection 136 is arranged at least substantially transversely to a main flow direction of the drinking water 30 through the drinking water pipe 12.

[0044] The extraction unit 18 has at least one connection head 22. The connection head 22 is designed as a three-way connection head. The connection head 22 is T-shaped. The connection head 22 is intended for connection to the drinking water line 12. The connection head 22 provides connection 132. Furthermore, the connection head 22 provides the additional connection 134. In addition, the connection head 22 provides the further connection 136.

[0045] The sampling device 10 has at least one sensor unit 20. The sensor unit 20 is designed to detect at least one contamination risk parameter. The contamination risk parameter is the temperature of the drinking water 30. In this case, the sensor unit 20 is also designed to detect at least one further contamination risk parameter. This further contamination risk parameter differs from the first contamination risk parameter. The further contamination risk parameter is the flow rate of the drinking water 30.

[0046] The sensor unit 20 is at least partially arranged in the sampling unit 18. The sensor unit 20 has at least one sensor 150. The sensor 150 is designed to detect the contamination risk parameter. The sensor 150 is arranged in the connection head 22. The sensor 150 is associated with the connection 132. The sensor 150 is located in the area of ​​the connection 132. In this case, the sensor 150 is designed as a temperature sensor 24.

[0047] The sensor unit 20 has at least one additional sensor 152. The additional sensor 152 is intended for sensing the further contamination risk parameter. The additional sensor 152 is arranged in the connection head 22. The additional sensor 152 is assigned to the connection 132. The additional sensor 152 is arranged in the area of ​​the connection 132. In this case, the additional sensor 152 is designed as a flow sensor 26.

[0048] The extraction unit 18 has at least one valve unit 140. The valve unit 140 is designed for targeted drinking water extraction. In this case, the valve unit 140 is at least partially integrated into the connection head 22. Furthermore, the valve unit 140 is at least partially arranged on the connection head 22, in particular on the additional connection 136.

[0049] The valve unit 140 comprises at least one valve 142. In this case, the valve 142 is designed as a switching valve. The valve 142 can be opened and / or closed for targeted sampling by switching. Furthermore, the valve 142 is designed as a metering valve. The valve 142 is intended for setting a sample quantity of a drinking water sample. The valve 142 is arranged on the connection head 22, in particular on the further connection 136.

[0050] The valve unit 140 includes at least one additional valve 144. This additional valve 144 is designed as a check valve. The additional valve 144 is integrated into the connection head 22. The additional valve 144 is assigned to the additional port 136. The valve unit 140 could comprise a different number of valves 142, 144 than shown here. It is conceivable that the valve unit 140 comprises only one valve 142, 144, which combines the functions of a metering valve, a check valve, and / or a switching valve. Furthermore, the valve unit 140 could be fully integrated into the connection head 22.

[0051] The sampling unit 18 has at least one sampling line 138. The sampling line 138 connects the drinking water line 12 to a measuring device 14 of the analysis unit 42 (see below). Fig. 2The extraction line 138 is fluidically connected to the further connection 136. The valve unit 140 is arranged between the connection head 22 and the extraction line 138. The extraction line 138 is designed as a hose. Furthermore, the extraction line 138 is at least partially flexible. The extraction line 138 is at least partially made of a flexible material, such as a plastic, in particular rubber. It is conceivable that the extraction unit 18 could be at least partially formed integrally with the connection head 22 and / or the valve unit 140. For example, the valve unit 140 could be integrated into the extraction line 138.

[0052] The sampling device 10 comprises at least one filter unit 36. The filter unit 36 ​​is designed for macrofiltration of the drinking water 30. The filter unit 36 ​​is at least partially located in the sampling unit 18. The filter unit 36 ​​is fluidically positioned upstream of the sampling line 138. Furthermore, the filter unit 36 ​​is fluidically positioned upstream of the valve unit 140. The filter unit 36 ​​comprises at least one filter element 146. The filter element 146 is replaceable. The filter element 146 can, for example, be a filter screen, particularly one of aerator type. The filter element 146 is located in the connection head 22. The filter element 146 is located in the area of ​​the connection 136. The filter element 146 has a pore size of at most 1000 µm. Furthermore, the filter unit 36 ​​can comprise two or more filter elements 146, which can be of different designs.For example, the filter unit 36 ​​could comprise 146 filter elements of different pore sizes. The filter unit 36 ​​could also be arranged as part of the valve unit 140 or between the connection head 22, the valve unit 140 and / or the extraction line 138.

[0053] The sampling device 10 comprises at least one disinfection unit 38. The disinfection unit 38 is designed to eliminate or kill microorganisms 16. The disinfection unit 38 is designed to disinfect at least the sampling unit 18. Between measurements of drinking water contamination, the sampling unit 18 can be disinfected by means of the disinfection unit 38 in order to prevent falsification of a measurement by microorganisms 16 that accumulate and / or multiply in the sampling unit 18.

[0054] In the present case, the disinfection unit 38 is intended for physical disinfection. The disinfection unit 38 is designed to heat the dispensing unit 18 to at least 70°C. The disinfection unit 38 comprises at least one temperature control element 40. The dispensing line 138 forms the disinfection unit 38. The dispensing line 138 is heatable, in particular by means of a temperature control element 40. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the disinfection unit 38 has a disinfection element separate from the dispensing line 138. For example, the disinfection element could be a heating coil. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the disinfection element could be a Peltier element.

[0055] Alternatively or additionally, the disinfection unit 38 could be designed for physical disinfection by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, such as UV light. In this case, the disinfection element could be designed as a UV light source. Preferably, the dispensing line 138 would be transparent to UV light. It is also conceivable that the disinfection unit 38 could be designed for chemical disinfection. In particular, a disinfection element designed for chemical disinfection and / or disinfection with UV light could be arranged between the connection head 22 and the dispensing line 138.

[0056] The sampling device 10 comprises at least one dispersion unit 28. The dispersion unit 28 is designed to disperse microorganisms 16 in the drinking water 30. Specifically, the dispersion unit 28 is designed to break down agglomerates and / or aggregates of microorganisms 16, which occur particularly during biofilm formation, into preferably individual, separate microorganisms 16. In this case, the dispersion unit 28 is designed as an ultrasonic disperser. The dispersion unit 28 disperses microorganisms 16 in the drinking water 30 by introducing ultrasound into the sampling unit 18. For this purpose, the dispersion unit 28 provides ultrasound, in particular with a frequency of at least 16 kHz, preferably at least 18 kHz, especially preferably at least 20 kHz, and most preferably at least 30 kHz. The dispersion unit 28 is arranged on the sampling unit 18.The dispersion unit 28 is connected to one end of the extraction line 138.

[0057] The sampling device 10 has at least one further sensor unit 156. The further sensor unit 156 is designed to detect a flow rate for dosing a drinking water sample through the sampling unit 18, in particular the sampling line 138. The further sensor unit 156 is designed as an ultrasonic flow meter.

[0058] The sampling device 10 comprises at least one decoupling unit 32. The decoupling unit 32 is designed to decouple vibrations propagating mechanically along the sampling unit 18. The decoupling unit 32 is designed to decouple the dispersion unit 28 vibrationally. The decoupling unit 32 is designed to at least partially decouple the sensor unit 20 vibrationally. The decoupling unit 32 is designed to at least partially decouple the dispersion unit 28 and the sensor unit 20 from each other vibrationally. The decoupling unit 32 is designed to thermally decouple the sensor unit 20 from other components of the sampling device 10, in particular from the dispersion unit 28. For decoupling, the decoupling unit 32 has at least one decoupling element 154.

[0059] In the present case, the decoupling unit 32 and the extraction unit 18 are at least partially formed as a single piece. In the present case, the decoupling unit 32 is at least partially formed from the extraction line 138. The extraction line 138 forms the decoupling element 154.

[0060] The sampling unit 18 of the sampling device 10 is fluidically connected to a drinking water sampling port 214 of the measuring device 14. The drinking water sampling port 214 is spaced apart from a drinking water sampling outlet 216 of the measuring device 14.

[0061] The analysis device 42 has at least one control unit 34. The control unit 34 is part of the sampling device 10. The control unit 34 is intended for controlling further components of the analysis device 42, in particular the sampling device 10, the measuring device 14, and / or the cartridge device 44. Furthermore, the control unit 34 is in communication with the external unit 128. The control unit 34 is in a wireless communication connection with the external unit 128, for example via radio, WLAN, Bluetooth, GSM, or the like. The control unit 34 provides data to the external unit 128. The control unit 34 can be controlled by the external unit 128. In the present case, the control unit 34 is part of the measuring device 14 (see Figure 10). Fig. 2 ).

[0062] The control unit 34 comprises at least one processor unit (not shown). Furthermore, the control unit 34 comprises at least one memory unit (not shown). For clarity, the processor unit and the memory unit are not shown in the figures. The control unit 34 also comprises at least one operating program. The operating program is executable in the processor unit. The operating program is also stored on the memory unit. The operating program is designed to execute a method for operating the analysis device 42, in particular the sample collection device 10, the measuring device 14, and / or the cartridge device 44.

[0063] The control unit 34 is designed to predict drinking water contamination, at least based on the contamination risk parameter. In this case, the control unit 34 is also designed to predict drinking water contamination based on the additional contamination risk parameter. Preferably, the control unit 34 uses a contamination map 158. The contamination map 158 is stored in the control unit 34, in particular in the storage unit of the control unit 34. The contamination map 158 is a map in which at least the values ​​of the contamination risk parameters and the additional contamination risk parameter are plotted against each other. Furthermore, the contamination risk parameters in the contamination map 158 are assigned a probability of drinking water contamination.Furthermore, it is conceivable that the control unit 34 determines a probability of drinking water contamination based on a contamination characteristic curve, which includes at least values ​​of a contamination risk parameter that are assigned to a respective probability of drinking water contamination.

[0064] Fig. 4Figure 158 shows a diagram of an exemplary contamination map. The diagram has an abscissa 160. The contamination risk parameter is plotted on the abscissa 160. The diagram also has an ordinate 162. The additional contamination risk parameter is plotted on the ordinate 162. In this case, the contamination risk parameter and the additional contamination risk parameter are linked to a respective probability of drinking water contamination by comparison values ​​stored in the control unit 34. Furthermore, these could be linked by a mathematical equation, such as a circle and / or ellipse equation. The contamination map 158 has at least different probability ranges 164, 166, 168 for drinking water contamination. The in Fig. 4The various probability ranges 164, 166, 168 shown, in particular the probabilities and / or value ranges of the probability ranges 164, 166, 168, are to be understood as merely exemplary. In particular, the various probability ranges 164, 166, 168 can be expressed in a manner different from that shown in Fig. 4 The depicted, deviating embodiment may exhibit probabilities and / or value ranges that differ from the specified probabilities and / or value ranges.

[0065] The contamination characteristic curve 158 has a probability range 164. Within probability range 164, drinking water contamination is predicted with an exemplary probability of at least 85%. In this case, probability range 164 occurs with an exemplary range of values ​​for the contamination risk parameter of at least 27°C and at most 60°C. Probability range 164 also occurs with an exemplary range of values ​​for the other contamination risk parameter of at least 0% and at most 45% of the maximum flow rate of drinking water 30 through the drinking water pipe 12.

[0066] Contamination map 158 includes a further probability range 166. In this further probability range 166, drinking water contamination is predicted with an exemplary probability of at least 50%. The probability of drinking water contamination in this further probability range 166 is lower than the probability of drinking water contamination in probability range 164. In this case, the further probability range 166 occurs with an exemplary value of the contamination risk parameter of at least 20°C and at most 65°C, specifically after subtracting the value range of probability range 164.The further probability range 166 occurs in the present case with an exemplary range of values ​​for the further contamination risk parameter of at least 0% and a maximum of 66% of a maximum flow rate of drinking water 30 through the drinking water pipe 12, in particular minus the range of values ​​of probability range 164.

[0067] The contamination map 158 includes an additional probability range 168 for drinking water contamination. In this additional probability range 168, drinking water contamination is predicted with an exemplary probability of at least 30%. The probability of drinking water contamination in this additional probability range 168 is lower than the probability of drinking water contamination in the further probability range 166. In this case, the additional probability range 168 occurs at an exemplary value of the contamination risk parameter of at least 0°C and at most 100°C, specifically when intersected with the value ranges of the further probability range 166.The additional probability range 168 occurs in the present case with an exemplary range of values ​​for the further contamination risk parameter of at least 0% and at most 100% of a maximum flow rate of drinking water 30 through the drinking water pipe 12, in particular intersected with the value ranges of the further probability range 166.

[0068] In the present case, the probabilities of contamination within the respective probability ranges 164, 166, and 168 are discretized. A distinction is made between three different discrete probabilities. Alternatively, it is conceivable that a probability can be continuously determined based on the values ​​of the contamination risk parameters.

[0069] The control unit 34 is designed to perform sampling based on at least one predicted drinking water contamination. In this case, the control unit 34 performs sampling based on the probability of drinking water contamination, determined according to the contamination risk parameters, within the respective probability ranges 164, 166, and 168. The control unit 34 performs sampling frequency based on the predicted drinking water contamination, specifically the probability of drinking water contamination. A sampling frequency based on the probability of drinking water contamination is advantageously weighted by a factor representing the maximum sampling frequency.For example, control unit 34 performs sampling more frequently when the probability of drinking water contamination falls within probability range 164 than when the probability of drinking water contamination falls within probability range 166. Furthermore, control unit 34 performs sampling more frequently when the probability of drinking water contamination falls within the additional probability range 166 than when the probability of drinking water contamination falls within the additional probability range 168. A sampling frequency for a probability of drinking water contamination in the additional probability range 168 corresponds to a frequency of at least once every three years, particularly in accordance with the German Drinking Water Ordinance (TrinkwV 2001).Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the control unit 34 can automatically perform a sample collection if the probability of drinking water contamination exceeds a stored reference value.

[0070] Fig. 5Figure 44 shows a part of the cartridge device 44 in a schematic perspective view. The cartridge device 44 is interchangeable. The cartridge device 44 is intended for the measuring device 14 for measuring drinking water contamination in the drinking water pipe 12 by microorganisms 16. The cartridge device 44 has at least one cartridge housing 46. The cartridge housing 46 is designed in a cassette-like form. The cartridge housing 46 has a spectacle-like shape. The cartridge housing 46 has at least one bearing section 86. Furthermore, the cartridge housing 46 has another bearing section 130. The bearing section 86 and the other bearing section 130 are at least substantially mirror-symmetrical to each other. The cartridge housing 46 has a web 170. The web 170 connects the bearing section 86 and the other bearing section 130 to each other.

[0071] The cartridge housing 46 includes a container 172. The container 172 is designed to hold further components of the cartridge device 44. The cartridge housing 46 also includes a lid 174. The lid 174 closes the container 172.

[0072] The cartridge housing 46 can be coupled to the measuring device 14 (see figure). Fig. 4The term "connectable" is understood to mean, in particular, a connection that can be made by force and / or form locking. "Connected by force and / or form locking" is understood to mean, in particular, a detachable connection, whereby a holding force between two components is preferably transmitted by a geometric engagement of the components with one another and / or a frictional force between the components. For coupling, the cartridge device 44 has at least one coupling unit 176. In the present case, the coupling unit 176 is designed as a quick-release coupling. A "quick-release coupling" is understood to mean, in particular, a preferably mechanical and / or magnetic unit designed to couple at least two components together without tools, non-destructively, and / or repeatedly, preferably with one hand, and especially advantageously with a single hand movement by an operator. The coupling unit 176 has at least one locking element 178.The locking element 178 is arranged on the cartridge housing 46, in particular the container 172. In the present case, the locking element 178 is formed integrally with the cartridge housing 46, in particular the container 172. The locking element 178 is arranged in the area of ​​the bearing section 86. The locking element 178 is designed to form a force-fit and / or form-fit connection with a corresponding locking element (not shown) of the measuring device 14. Furthermore, the coupling unit 176 has another locking element. This additional locking element is at least substantially identical to the locking element 178. This additional locking element is arranged in the area of ​​the further bearing section 130.

[0073] Furthermore, the coupling unit 176 has at least one actuating element 180. The actuating element 180 is designed to release the coupling between the cartridge housing 46 and the measuring device 14. In this case, the actuating element 180 is designed as a lever. The actuating element 180 is integrally connected to the detent element 178. The coupling unit 176 also has a further actuating element. This further actuating element is at least substantially identical to the actuating element 180. The further actuating element is arranged in the area of ​​the further bearing section 130.

[0074] Furthermore, the coupling unit 176 has at least one guide element 182. The guide element 182 is designed to guide the cartridge housing 46 when coupled to the measuring device 14. The guide element 182 is arranged on the cartridge housing 46, in particular the container 172. In the present case, the guide element 182 is formed integrally with the cartridge housing 46, in particular the container 172. The guide element 182 is arranged in the area of ​​the bearing section 86. The coupling unit 176 also has another guide element. This additional guide element is at least substantially identical to the guide element 182. This additional guide element is arranged in the area of ​​the further bearing section 130. Alternatively or additionally to the one described in Fig. 5In the exemplary form of design shown, it is conceivable that the coupling unit 176 has at least one screw, at least one welded connection or the like for coupling the cartridge housing 46 with the measuring device 14.

[0075] Furthermore, the cartridge device 44 comprises at least one test unit 48. The test unit 48 is at least partially arranged in the cartridge housing 46. The test unit 48 comprises at least one consumable 50. The consumable 50 is intended for carrying out at least one test to measure drinking water contamination. Furthermore, the test unit 48 comprises at least one further consumable 51 (see figure). Fig. 6The term "experimental unit" 48 refers in particular to a unit which, by providing experimental setups, contributes at least to carrying out a measurement of drinking water contamination. The term "consumable material" 50, 51 refers in particular to material which must be disposed of after use in an experiment and / or is not reusable for a further experiment.

[0076] Fig. 6 Figure 48 shows a part of the cartridge device 44 without the cartridge housing 46 in a schematic perspective view. The test unit 48 has at least one test strip 52. At least the test strip 52 is a consumable 50 of the test unit 48.

[0077] In at least one storage condition of the test strip 52, the test strip 52 is stored rolled up, at least in sections. Preferably, the test unit 48 has at least one unwinding spool 184. The unwinding spool 184 is arranged in the storage section 86 (see figure). Fig. 5 In its stored state, the test tape 52 is at least partially wound onto the spool 184. To perform an experiment measuring drinking water contamination, the test tape 52 can be unwound from the spool 184. Due to its wound storage, at least one test tape section 56 of the test tape 52 is at least partially covered by at least one further test tape section 58 of the test tape 52. "Covered" is understood to mean, in particular, directly adjacent to one another, preferably abutting each other.

[0078] Furthermore, the test unit 48 has at least one winding spool 186. The winding spool 186 is arranged in the further storage section 130. In the storage state, the test strip 52 is at least partially wound onto the winding spool 186. After carrying out a test to measure drinking water contamination, the test strip 52 can be wound onto the winding spool 186. Due to the wound storage, in the storage state of the test strip 52, at least one test strip section 56 of the test strip 52 is at least partially covered by at least one further test strip section 58 of the test strip 52.

[0079] By simultaneously unrolling and rewinding the test strip 52, it is moved along its principal extension direction 70 in its unrolled state. The "principal extension direction" of an object is understood to be, in particular, a direction that runs parallel to the longest edge of the smallest geometric cuboid that just completely encloses the object. Specifically, the principal extension of the test strip 52 is understood to be in its unrolled state.

[0080] To wind and / or unwind the test tape 52, the winding spool 186 and the unwinding spool 184 each have a shaft receptacle 188, 190. The shaft receptacles 188, 190 are rotationally symmetrical. The shaft receptacles 188, 190 each have a cruciform cross-section. The shaft receptacles 188, 190 are each designed to accommodate a drive shaft 192, 194. The measuring device 14 comprises two correspondingly designed drive shafts 192, 194 (see Figure 1). Fig. 2 ).

[0081] Fig. 7 shows a part of the test tape 52 in the unrolled state of the test tape section 56 in a schematic perspective representation.

[0082] The test strip 52 has a layer structure 60. A "layer structure" 60 is understood to mean, in particular, a structure with at least two layers, which are specifically designed differently from one another. The test strip 52 has at least one filter layer 196. The filter layer 196 is intended for filtering a drinking water sample during a measurement. The filter layer 196 has a pore diameter of at most 0.45 µm. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the filter layer 196 has a pore diameter of at most 0.2 µm. The filter layer 196 has, in particular, a layer thickness of at most 0.1 mm. The filter layer 196 is formed from a filter fleece. The filter layer 196 consists, at least partially, of a hygroscopic material. The filter layer 196 is free of a hydrophilic material.

[0083] Furthermore, test strip 52 has at least one support layer 198. The support layer 198 is designed to support at least the filter layer 196. The support layer 198 has a thickness of no more than 0.5 mm. The support layer 198 consists at least partially of a plastic, such as polyethylene and / or polypropylene. The support layer 198 has a smooth surface. The support layer 198 is bonded to the filter layer 196. In this case, the support layer 198 is welded to the filter layer 196. The support layer 198 is welded to the filter layer 196 by a calendering process. Alternatively, they could also be bonded together.

[0084] Furthermore, the test strip 52 has at least one additional support layer 200. This additional support layer 200 is at least substantially identical to the support layer 198. Alternatively, the additional support layer 200 could also be configured differently from the support layer 198. The filter layer 196 is enclosed between the support layers 198 and 200. Therefore, in the present case, the layer structure 60 is in the form of a sandwich construction. A "sandwich construction" is understood to mean, in particular, a layer structure 60 with at least three layers, preferably at least partially different from one another, wherein at least one layer is enclosed between two support layers 198 and 200, which are preferably at least substantially identical. The filter layer 196 is welded to the support layer 198 and to a support layer 148 of the test strip 52.The support layer 148 is arranged between the carrier layers 198 and 200. The support layer 148 is designed to stabilize the filter layer 196. The support layer 148 is formed as a fabric, particularly a coarse-mesh one. The thickness of the support layer 148 is at least substantially analogous to the thickness of the filter layer 196.

[0085] The test chamber 52 comprises at least one test field 54. A "test field" 54 is understood to mean, in particular, a section of the test chamber 52 that is intended for carrying out a test, especially a single test. Preferably, a test field 54 is not reusable after use. The test field 54 comprises at least one filter 62. The filter 62 is intended for separating microorganisms 16 from drinking water 30. In the present case, the filter 62 is formed by the filter layer 196 of the test chamber 52.

[0086] Test plot 54 has a depression 64. The depression 64 is designed to trap microorganisms 16 from the drinking water sample. The depression 64 is formed by selectively removing, in particular punching out, the support layer 198, 200 of the test strip 52 in the area of ​​test plot 54. The depression 64 exposes the filter layer 196 arranged on the support layer 198. In this way, the filter layer 196 forms the filter 62 of test plot 54 in the area of ​​test plot 54. By flushing the filter 62 with the drinking water sample, microorganisms 16 in particular are retained on the filter 62 and accumulate in the depression 64.

[0087] Furthermore, the test strip 52 has at least one cleaning field 66. The cleaning field 66 is intended for rinsing with drinking water 30. The cleaning field 66 has a larger base area than the test strip 54. The cleaning field 66 has a greater extent perpendicular to a main extension direction 70 of the test strip 52 than the test strip 54. It is further proposed that the cleaning field 66 has at least one recess 204. The recess 204 is a full recess. The recess 204 affects all layers of which the test strip 52 is composed. In the area of ​​the cleaning field 66, the support layer 198, the further support layer 200, and the filter layer 196 are removed and, in particular, punched out. In the area of ​​the cleaning field 66, the filter layer 196 is removed along a complete extent of the test strip 52 transversely to the main extent direction 70 of the test strip 52.The recess 204 of the cleaning field 66 separates the test field 54 along the test belt 52 from other test fields of the test belt 52 in terms of fluid transport, in particular via capillary forces.

[0088] Test field 54 and cleaning field 66 are arranged offset from each other along the main extension direction 70 of the test strip 52. Furthermore, a separating field 202 is arranged between cleaning field 66 and another cleaning field 68. Test field 54 and cleaning field 66 are arranged alternately with each other along the main extension direction 70 of the test strip 52.

[0089] Furthermore, test strip 52 has at least one separation field 202. The separation field 202 is designed to separate cleaning field 66 and the further cleaning field 68 from each other. Furthermore, the separation field 202 is designed to cover test field 54 in the storage state. The separation field 202 is in Fig. 7The separation field 202 is marked by a broken line. It has a full layer structure 60 of the test strip 52 and is free of depressions or recesses.

[0090] The test field 54, the separation field 202, and the cleaning field 66 are arranged in a repeating test sequence along the main extension direction 70 of the test strip 52. The test strip 52 comprises several test sequences arranged consecutively. One test sequence includes a test field 54, a cleaning field 66, a separation field 202, and another cleaning field 68.

[0091] The cartridge device 44 has at least one sealing unit 72 (see Fig. 6The sealing unit 72 seals the test unit 48, at least in sections, in a fluid-tight manner. The sealing unit 72 is in contact with at least one test section 56 of the test belt 52. The sealing unit 72 separates different test stations 98, 100, 102 of the analysis device 42 from one another in a fluid-tight manner. A "test station" 98, 100, 102 is understood to be, in particular, a station at which at least one part of the test is carried out and along which the test belt 52 is preferably moved during a measurement experiment. The sealing unit 72 seals an uncovered test section 56 of the test belt 52. The sealing unit 72 has at least one seal 206. The seal 206 is designed as a sealing lip. The seal 206 directly contacts the test strip 52, with the exception, in particular, that only the depression 64 of the test field 54 is not in contact with the seal 206.

[0092] Furthermore, the sealing unit 72 has at least one additional seal. This additional seal is at least substantially identical to the seal 206. In the present case, the sealing unit 72 has a total of four seals 206. Two seals 206 each provide a fluid-tight seal for one of the test stations 98, 100, 102. For clarity, only one seal 206 is indicated with a reference numeral in the figures. The seal 206 and the additional seal are arranged offset from each other, in particular along the main extension direction 70 of the test strip 52. In the present case, the sealing unit 72 has four seals 206.

[0093] The experimental unit 48 comprises at least one supply unit 74. The supply unit 74 is intended to provide markers 76 for labeling the microorganisms 16. "Markers" 76 are understood to be, in particular, dyes, especially fluorescent dyes, which are intended to bind to microorganisms 16, especially a specific type of microorganism, in particular Legionella, E. coli, or the like. The markers 76 are the additional consumables 51. The supply unit 74 is at least partially arranged on the cartridge housing 46. In the present case, the supply unit 74 is arranged on an outer surface of the cartridge housing 46. The supply unit 74 is located in the area of ​​the additional storage section 130. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the supply unit 74 could be arranged at least partially inside the cartridge housing 46.

[0094] Supply unit 74 includes, in particular, a storage unit 208. Markers 76 are stored in storage unit 208. These markers 76 are consumables 51, which can be exchanged or replenished. For example, storage unit 208 can be replaced by a new storage unit filled with new markers. Furthermore, it is conceivable that storage unit 208 can be refilled with new markers.

[0095] The supply unit 74 comprises at least one microdosing unit 78. The microdosing unit 78 is fluidically connected to the storage unit 208. The microdosing unit 78 is designed for dispensing the markers 76. The microdosing unit 78 comprises at least one micropump (not shown here). A "microdosing unit" 78 is understood to be, in particular, a unit designed for dispensing a microdose. A "microdose" is understood to be, in particular, a dose of a medium of less than 10 ml, preferably less than 5 ml, and most preferably less than 2 ml.

[0096] Furthermore, the supply unit 74 has at least one supply line 80. The supply line 80 is fluidically connected to a marker station 114 of the measuring device 14. The supply line 80 is intended for applying the markers 76 to the test belt 52, in particular the test field 54. The supply unit 74, in particular the micro-dosing unit 78, can be controlled by the control unit 34 for dosing the markers 76.

[0097] The cartridge device 44 has at least one arrangement unit 210 (see Fig. 5The assembly unit 210 is provided for mounting the supply unit 74 on the cartridge housing 46. The assembly unit 210 comprises at least one assembly element 212. The assembly element 212 is provided for mounting the storage unit 208. The assembly element 212 is designed as a receiving pocket. The storage unit 208 can be mounted, in particular inserted, into the assembly element 212. The assembly element 212 is formed integrally with the cartridge housing 46. Furthermore, the assembly unit 210 has at least one additional assembly element. For clarity, only one assembly element 212 is provided with a reference numeral. The additional assembly element is provided for mounting the micro-dosing unit 78. The additional assembly element is designed as a receiving pocket. The additional assembly element is formed integrally with the cartridge device 44.Furthermore, the assembly unit 210 has at least one additional assembly element 218. The additional assembly element 218 is provided for arranging the supply line 80. The additional assembly element 218 is designed as a receiving clamp. The additional assembly element 218 is arranged in the area of ​​a web 170.

[0098] The test unit 48 comprises at least one rinsing unit 82. The rinsing unit 82 is designed for rinsing at least one consumable 50 of the test unit 48. The rinsing unit 82 includes at least one further micro-dosing unit 79. The further micro-dosing unit 79 is at least substantially identical to the micro-dosing unit 78. Furthermore, the rinsing unit 82 is arranged at least partially in the area of ​​the storage section 86. The rinsing unit 82 is arranged on an outer surface of the cartridge housing 46.

[0099] The additional microdosing unit 79 is fluidically connected to ambient air. The additional microdosing unit 79 is designed to generate an airflow. Furthermore, the flushing unit 82 has an additional supply line 84. This additional supply line 84 is fluidically connected to the additional microdosing unit 79. The additional supply line 84 is fluidically connected to a flushing station 118 of the measuring device 14.

[0100] Furthermore, the cartridge device 44 has a supply connection 220. The supply connection 220 forms at least part of the rinsing station 118 and / or the marker station 114. The supply connection 220 is arranged on an unwound test belt section 56 of the test belt 52. The supply connection 220 is arranged on an uncovered test belt section 56 of the test belt 52. The supply connection 220 is designed as a funnel. The supply connection 220 is connected to the supply unit 74 and / or the rinsing unit 82, in particular via the respective supply lines 80, 84. The supply connection 220 is arranged in the area of ​​the web 170. The additional supply line 84 is arranged offset from the supply connection 220 along the main extension direction 70 of the test belt 52.

[0101] The measuring device 14 comprises several test stations 98, 100, and 102. The test belt 52 is moved along the test stations 98, 100, and 102. The measuring device 14 comprises at least one dispersion station 106. Furthermore, the measuring device 14 comprises the filter station 110. Furthermore, the measuring device 14 comprises the marker station 114. Furthermore, the measuring device 14 comprises the rinsing station 118. Furthermore, the measuring device 14 comprises an optics station 122. The rinsing station 118 is arranged offset from the filter station 110 in the main direction 70. The marker station 114 is arranged offset from the filter station 110 in the main direction 70. The marker station 114 and the rinsing station 118 are at least partially formed as a single unit. The optics station 122 is arranged offset from the marker station 114 in the main direction 70. The rinsing station 118 and the marker station 114 are located between the filter station 110 and the optics station 122.

[0102] Fig. 8 Figure 14 shows a portion of the measuring device 14 together with the parts of the cartridge device 44 and the sampling device 10. The measuring device 14 is designed for measuring drinking water contamination in the drinking water line 12 by microorganisms 16. The measuring device 14 is associated with the drinking water line 12. In this case, the measuring device 14 is permanently attached to the drinking water line 12. The measuring device 14 is permanently connected to the drinking water line 12. In this case, the sampling device 10 connects the measuring device 14 to the drinking water line 12. The measuring device 14 is designed to use a drinking water sample provided by the sampling device 10 to measure the drinking water contamination. The measuring device 14 includes an optical station 122. The optical station 122 is designed for measuring the drinking water contamination.

[0103] The measuring device 14 comprises at least one measuring unit 222. The measuring unit 222 forms at least part of the optical station 122. The measuring unit 222 comprises at least one optical sensor 224. In the present case, the optical sensor 224 is configured as a camera sensor, in particular as a CCD sensor. Furthermore, the measuring unit 222 comprises at least one radiation source 226. In the present case, the measuring unit 222 has two radiation sources 226. Furthermore, the radiation sources 226 are configured as LEDs. The radiation sources 226 are designed to provide UV light. The radiation sources 226 and the optical sensor 224 are arranged such that a reflected light arrangement is formed.

[0104] Fluorescence of the markers 76, triggered by irradiation from the radiation sources 226, is detected by the optical sensor 224 of the measuring unit 222. The measuring unit 222 also includes at least one optical filter 228. The optical filter 228 is arranged in a beam path of the optical sensor 224. The optical filter 228 is designed to at least partially, preferably at least to a large extent, reduce radiation in a spectral range of the radiation emitted by the radiation sources 226. Furthermore, the optical filter 228 is designed to allow radiation emitted by the markers 76, particularly fluorescence, to pass through at least substantially undiminished. The optical filter 228 is designed as a dichroic filter 228.

[0105] In Fig. 9Figure 42 is a schematic flowchart of a procedure for operating at least the analysis unit 42. The procedure is part of the operating program, which is executed by the control unit 34. The procedure is for predicting and measuring drinking water contamination by microorganisms 16 in the drinking water line 12. In this case, the procedure is carried out at a fixed location, i.e., at the location of a drinking water line 12 permanently assigned to the analysis unit 42. Alternatively, the procedure could also be carried out at a location different from the drinking water line 12, particularly after a sample has been taken separately from the procedure.

[0106] The procedure in this case comprises a process step 250. In process step 250, the cartridge device 44 is inserted into the measuring device 14. The cartridge housing 46 of the cartridge device 44 is coupled to the measuring device 14. If the cartridge device 44 is already coupled to the measuring device 14, process step 250 can be omitted.

[0107] The procedure comprises at least one further process step 252. In this further process step 252, an analysis of the drinking water contamination is initiated by the analysis unit 42. In this case, the analysis is initiated by the external unit 128. The control unit 34 of the analysis unit 42 is controlled by the external unit 128, in particular remotely. If an analysis is initiated at a fixed location on the analysis unit 42 itself and / or if automatic initiation, such as based on a timer, is provided, the external unit 128 could be omitted. Furthermore, this process step 252 can be omitted if the analysis unit 42 is operated continuously.

[0108] The procedure comprises at least one prediction process 88. Prediction process 88 is intended for predicting drinking water contamination. In prediction process 88, drinking water contamination is predicted. In prediction process 88, drinking water contamination is predicted based on at least one contamination risk parameter. A temperature of the drinking water 30 is considered as a contamination risk parameter. In the present case, in prediction process 88, drinking water contamination is predicted based on at least one further contamination risk parameter. The further contamination risk parameter differs from the contamination risk parameter. A flow rate of the drinking water 30 is considered as at least one further contamination risk parameter. Prediction process 88 is carried out repeatedly, in particular continuously.

[0109] The forecasting process 88 comprises at least one process step 254. In process step 254, at least one contamination risk parameter is detected by the sensor unit 20. The sensor unit 20 detects the contamination risk parameter. In this case, sensor 24, 150 detects the contamination risk parameter. Furthermore, the sensor unit 20 detects at least the other contamination risk parameter. In this case, the other sensor 26, 152 of the sensor unit 20 detects the other contamination risk parameter.

[0110] The prediction process 88 preferably comprises at least one method for operating a sampling device, in particular the sampling device 10 described above. In particular, the method for operating the sampling device 10 constitutes at least substantially the process step 254 of the prediction process 88. In the method for operating the sampling device 10, at least one contamination risk parameter is sensed by a sensor unit 20, which is at least partially arranged in a sampling unit 18, which is provided for taking drinking water 30.

[0111] Regarding further process steps of the method for operating the sampling device 10, reference may be made to the preceding description of the sampling device 10, since this description can also be read analogously with regard to the method and thus all features relating to the sampling device 10 are also considered disclosed with regard to the method for operating the sampling device 10.

[0112] The prediction process 88 comprises at least one further process step 92. In the further process step 92, the drinking water contamination is predicted based on the contamination characteristic curve 158. If a reference value is exceeded based on a predicted probability of drinking water contamination, a measurement process 90 is initiated. If the predicted probability of drinking water contamination falls below the reference value, the prediction process 88 is repeated. A "process," such as the prediction process 88 and / or the measurement process 90, is understood to mean, in particular, at least a part of a process, which comprises at least one process step, preferably at least two process steps, and most preferably several process steps.A "prediction process" 88 shall be understood in particular as a process in which a probability of contamination is determined, in particular on the basis of at least one contamination risk parameter, and in particular not by a direct measurement of the microorganisms 16 causing the drinking water contamination. A "measurement process" 90 shall be understood in particular as a process in which drinking water contamination by microorganisms 16 is carried out directly by at least a quantitative and preferably a qualitative measurement of the microorganisms 16.

[0113] The procedure comprises at least one measurement process 90. Measurement process 90 is intended for measuring drinking water contamination. In measurement process 90, actual drinking water contamination is measured. Measurement process 90 is performed after at least one execution of prediction process 88. Measurement process 90 is performed depending on a predicted drinking water contamination.

[0114] The measurement process 90 comprises at least one process step 94. In process step 94, the test strip 52 is moved along a principal extension direction 70 of the test strip 52. The test strip 52 is unwound at least section by section. Simultaneously, the test strip 52 is wound up. In a storage state of the test strip 52, a test field 54 of the test strip 52 is arranged to be covered by at least one further test strip section 58 of the test strip 52. If the test strip 52 is moved, the test strip section 58 of the test strip 52, which previously covered the test field 54, is removed from it.

[0115] The measurement process 90 comprises at least one further process step 96. In process step 96, the test belt 52 is moved along various test stations 98, 100, 102. Initially, the test belt 52 is moved such that a test field 54 of the test belt 52 is located in the area of ​​the filter station 110. Process step 96 is carried out at least partially simultaneously with process step 94.

[0116] The measurement process 90 includes at least one further process step 104. In process step 104, a drinking water sample of the drinking water 30, which was taken from the sampling device 10, is dispersed at a dispersion station 106.

[0117] The measurement process 90 comprises at least one further process step 108. In the further process step 108, the drinking water sample of the drinking water 30 is microfiltered at a filter station 110 using at least one test field 54 of a test belt 52. The contaminating microorganisms 16 are at least partially retained on the test field 54.

[0118] The measurement process 90 comprises at least one further process step 112. In the further process step 112, the test strip 52 is moved further in its main extension direction 70 until it is positioned in the area of ​​the marker station 114. In the further process step 112, microorganisms 16 are marked with the markers 76 at the marker station 114. The markers 76 intrinsically specify at least one species of microorganism among the microorganisms 16.

[0119] Furthermore, the measurement process 90 comprises at least one further process step 256. In the further process step 256, the filter station 110 is cleaned. By moving the test belt 52, a cleaning field 66 is positioned in the area of ​​the filter station 110. This occurs automatically due to the arrangement of the cleaning field 66 and the test field 54 relative to each other, as well as the arrangement of the filter station 110 and the marker station 114, when the test field 54 is positioned in the area of ​​the marker station 114. The filter station 110 is cleaned by rinsing with drinking water 30.

[0120] The measurement process 90 comprises at least one further process step 116. In the further process step 116, excess markers 76 are rinsed out at the rinsing station 118. This is done by the ambient air supplied by the rinsing unit 82. At the rinsing station 118, excess markers 76 that were not rinsed out at the filter station 110 by means of a liquid fluid, in particular water, and / or any excess fluid, are rinsed out. In the present case, the marker station 114 and the rinsing station 118 are arranged identically, so that the test belt 52 does not need to be moved further to carry out process step 116.

[0121] The measurement process 90 comprises at least one further process step 120. In the further process step 120, the microorganisms 16 are optically detected at an optical station 122. The detection is carried out by the measuring unit 222. An image of the microorganisms 16 is generated. The image has a resolution of a grid width of at most 5 µm. Furthermore, in the further process step 120, drinking water contamination is determined at the optical station 122 based on the quantity of microorganisms 16. Preferably, individual points of the image are analyzed and quantitatively counted using an algorithm. In the event that drinking water contamination is detected, a user can be informed, for example, via the external unit 128.

[0122] Furthermore, the procedure includes a further process step 258. In this further process step 258, the sampling unit 18 is disinfected by the disinfection unit 38. Subsequently, the prediction process 88 can be repeated. Alternatively or additionally, the measurement process 90 could also be repeated, particularly if a measured contamination level deviates significantly from the predicted contamination level.

[0123] Regarding further procedural steps of the procedure for operating the analytical device 42, reference may be made to the preceding description of the analytical device 42, since this description can also be read analogously with regard to the procedure and thus all features relating to the analytical device 42 are also considered disclosed with regard to the procedure for operating the analytical device 42. Reference sign

[0124] 10 Sample collection device 12 Drinking water line 14 Measuring device 16 Microorganism 18 Sampling unit 20 Sensor unit 22 Connection head 24 Temperature sensor 26 Flow sensor 28 Dispersing unit 30 Drinking water 32 Decoupling unit 34 Control unit 36 ​​Filter unit 38 Disinfection unit 40 Temperature control element 42 Analysis device 44 Cartridge device 46 Cartridge housing 48 Experimental unit 50 Consumables 51 Consumables 52 Experimental belt 54 Experimental field 56 Experimental belt section 58 Experimental belt section 60 Layer structure 62 Filter 64 Sink 66 Cleaning field 68 Cleaning field 70 Main direction of extension 72 Sealing unit 74 Supply unit 76 Marker 78 Microdosing unit 79 Microdosing unit 80 Supply line 82 Flushing unit 84 Supply line 86 Storage section 88 Forecast process 90 Measurement process 92 Process step 94 Process step 96 Process step 98 Test station 100 Test station 102 Test station 104 Process step 106 Dispersing station 108 Process step 110 Filter station112 Process step 114 Marker station 116 Process step 118 Rinsing station 120 Process step 122 Optics station 124 Fitting 126 Washbasin set 128 External unit 130 Storage section 132 Connection 134 Connection 136 Connection 138 Sampling line 140 Valve unit 142 Valve 144 Valve 146 Filter element 148 Support layer 150 Sensor 152 Sensor 154 Decoupling element 156 Sensor unit 158 ​​Contamination characteristic curve 160 Abscissa axis 162 Ordinate axis 164 Probability range 166 Probability range 168 Probability range 170 Bridge 172 Container 174 Lid 176 Coupling unit 178 Locking element 180 Actuating element 182 Guide element 184 Unwinding coil 186 Winding coil 188 Axle mount 190 Axle mount 192 Drive axle 194 Drive axle 196 Filter layer 198 Carrier layer 200 Carrier layer 202 Separating field 204 Recess 206 Seal 208 Storage unit 210 Arrangement unit 212 Arrangement element 214 Drinking water sample connection 216 Drinking water sample outlet 218 Arrangement element 220 Supply connection 222 Measuring unit224 Optical sensor 226 Radiation source 228 Optical filter 250 Process step 252 Process step 254 Process step 256 Process step 258 Process step

Claims

1. Sample-taking device for a measuring device (14), assigned in a stationary manner to at least one drinking-water conduit (12), for measuring a drinking water contamination in the drinking water conduit (12) by microorganisms (16), with at least one removal unit (18) which is configured for a removal of drinking water, and with at least one sensor unit (20), the sensor unit (20) being arranged at least partially in the removal unit (18) and being configured for sensing at least one contamination-risk characteristic variable, characterized by at least one dispersing unit (28) which is configured to disperse microorganisms (16) in the drinking water (30), wherein the sensor unit (20) comprises at least one sensor (150) that is realized as a temperature sensor (24), wherein the sensor unit (20) comprises at least one sensor (152) that is realized as a flow-through sensor (26), said flow-through sensor (26) being realized as an ultrasonic flow-through sensor, wherein at least one decoupling unit (32) configured for a vibration decoupling of vibrations propagating mechanically along the removal unit (18), wherein the decoupling unit (32) decouples at least the dispersing unit (28) and / or the sensor unit (20) from one another at least partially in a vibration-mechanical manner, wherein the decoupling unit (32) is configured, in addition to a vibration-mechanical decoupling of the dispersing unit (28) and / or the sensor unit, to thermally decouple the sensor unit from the dispersing unit (28).

2. Sample-taking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the removal unit (18) comprises at least one connection head (22) for a connection to the drinking-water conduit (12).

3. Sample-taking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the decoupling unit (32) and the removal unit (18) are realized at least partly integrally.

4. Sample-taking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one control unit (34), which is configured to predict a drinking-water contamination at least on the basis of the contamination-risk characteristic variable.

5. Sample-taking device according to claim 4, characterized in that the control unit (34) is configured to carry out a sample-taking depending on at least one predicted drinking-water contamination.

6. Sample-taking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one filtration unit (36), which is arranged at least partly in the removal unit (18) and is configured for a macrofiltration of the drinking water (30).

7. Sample-taking device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one disinfection unit (38) configured for a disinfection at least of the removal unit (18).

8. Sample-taking device according to claim 7, characterized in that the disinfection unit (38) comprises at least one temperature-control element (40).

9. Method for operating a sample-taking device according to one of the preceding claims, in which at least one contamination-risk characteristic variable is sensed by a sensor unit (20) which is arranged at least partly in a removal unit (18) that is configured for a removal of the drinking water (30).

10. Analysis apparatus with at least one measuring device (14), assigned, in particular in a stationary manner, to at least one drinking-water conduit (12), for measuring a drinking-water contamination in the drinking-water conduit (12) by microorganisms (16), and with at least one sample-taking device according to one of claims 1 to 8.