METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR ENERGY ABSORPTION TO PROTECT AGAINST DAMAGE IN THE CASE OF AN OVERLOAD EVENT

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for absorbing energy during an overload event using an energy absorber, in order to reduce stresses on an object transported on a loading unit. The energy absorber is suitable, at least in the case of a single overload event with such a high energy input that damage to the object would be possible or highly probable without an energy absorber, for absorbing such an amount of energy that the resulting stress on the object during the overload event is significantly reduced and permanent damage is avoided. Such a single overload event occurs, for example, in the event of a mine explosion.

[0002] Various energy absorption methods have been developed to reduce stress during overload events, such as explosions beneath armored vehicles, in order to protect the transported objects and, in particular, personnel and sensitive equipment. Typically, mechanical systems are used for protection, absorbing energy through deformation or tearing to dissipate it during an overload event and thus protect the occupants. Hydraulic systems are also sometimes employed.

[0003] However, a disadvantage of such systems is that it is not possible to control the damping or energy absorption in the event of an overload with unknown impulse strength and unknown impulse profile.

[0004] WO 2015 / 136111 A1 discloses a method and assembly for energy absorption of loads acting during an overload event to protect against damage. This method uses measured values ​​acquired after the detection of an overload event to predict a load profile for the loading unit. For the predicted load profile, a current flow profile of a magnetic field unit of a damper is designed, which dampens the predicted load profile over time so that the planned load profile remains below a predefined load limit. This means that during the overload event, multiple measured values ​​are acquired, and a prediction is derived from them, which is then used for further control. The quality of the method depends directly on the quality of the measured values ​​and the quality of the control unit. High quality requires expensive sensors and a correspondingly expensive control unit.

[0005] WO 2015 / 136105 A1 discloses a method and assembly for absorbing energy from overload events to protect against damage. In this method, after an overload event is detected, the energy absorber is immediately set to its maximum damping value to maximize damping for a predetermined period following the event. During this period, multiple consecutive measurements are recorded, and after the specified time, the damping is adjusted based on these measurements. This means that multiple measurements are taken during the overload event, and a prediction is derived from them for further control. The quality of the method depends directly on the quality of the measured values ​​and the quality of the control device.High quality requires expensive sensors and a correspondingly expensive control unit.

[0006] It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method and an assembly for damping that enables good control of the damping during overload events and which method and assembly can be implemented with less effort. This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1 and by an assembly with the features of claim 11. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims. Further advantages and features will become apparent from the general description and the description of the exemplary embodiments.

[0007] A method according to the invention serves to absorb energy during an overload event and is carried out in particular with an energy absorber. Through energy absorption, the loads on an object transported on a loading unit are reduced, at least during an overload event. The energy absorber is particularly suitable for absorbing energy during a single overload event with such a high energy input that damage to the object would be possible, probable, highly probable, or even almost certain or certain without an energy absorber. This absorption reduces the resulting load on the loading unit or the object during the overload event and, in particular, prevents damage to the object. A sensor device periodically acquires measured values ​​of the current state of the loading unit.A control unit detects an overload event based on the recorded measurements. A measure of the weight of the object being transported is determined. From this weight measurement, a limit value for the load on the object being transported is calculated. After the overload event is detected, the damping of the energy absorber is controlled so that the load on the object being transported remains below the limit value. To achieve this, the damping of the energy absorber is periodically adjusted based on the periodically recorded measurements, and the overload event limit is set as a function of the limit value.

[0008] The method according to the invention has many advantages. A significant advantage is that, after the detection of an overload event, the damping is adjusted directly based on the current measured values. It is particularly advantageous that the damping is adjusted based on the weight of the object being transported.

[0009] Preferably, the damping of the energy absorber is not only adjusted periodically, but also controlled. The control device can then be called a control device or includes at least one such device. A system in which a characteristic value is determined at periodic intervals and the damping is adjusted periodically depending on this value can also be understood as a control system. It is also possible to implement active control.

[0010] Damage to an object within the meaning of this application is understood to be a condition in which the object is altered, at least temporarily, in a way that is considered detrimental and undesirable. This can be temporary damage. Permanent or even irreparable damage is also possible.

[0011] When people are considered objects, damage is an impairment of health. Permanent damage to a person means at least a long-term and significant impairment of their well-being. Damage to an object or device can be temporary, but is generally more persistent and can also result in a permanent defect, such as a broken component.

[0012] This method significantly reduces the risk of injury to a person being transported. Since the damping is adjusted based on the weight of the person being transported, it is individually tailored to that person and their weight. This reliably prevents a smaller person from being subjected to excessive strain, as the spine of smaller and lighter individuals has a smaller cross-sectional area and therefore, due to its greater rigidity, cannot withstand the same high loads as the spine of larger and heavier individuals, who typically have a larger cross-sectional area and thus greater rigidity.

[0013] Typically, this method and assembly are used on armored vehicles or, for example, speedboats or similar vessels, where soldiers or police officers are deployed who are generally physically fit. This allows for a certain degree of inference about the stature of the transported person based on their weight. However, individual adjustments to the limit are possible and preferred.

[0014] The inventive method enables a reliable

[0015] Adjustment and control of damping during overload events is achieved without the need for a complex control system with a sophisticated forecasting device. This reduces the effort required to implement a method or assembly according to the invention and the associated costs.

[0016] In the method according to the invention, the available travel distance can be optimally utilized in the event of particularly severe overloads, since suitable damping can be individually adjusted for each person or object being transported. This ensures optimal protection for each individual. In particular, the damping can be set to a high enough value that the individual limit value of the person being transported is not exceeded.

[0017] If the sensor device is mounted on the seat of a person being transported, the weight of that person acts upon the sensor device. In the event of a mine explosion, the cushion or seat pad on which the user sits is compressed first, before the spine of the person being transported is compressed. This delays the load on the sensor device on the seat. This means that when the damping is periodically adjusted based on the periodically recorded measurements, the cushion and the physical characteristics of the person being transported are implicitly taken into account. Optimal damping is achieved at all times without having to derive a prediction from the recorded measurements.

[0018] In a preferred further development, the control unit periodically derives characteristic parameters for a load or load value of the loading unit from the measured values. For this purpose, the measured values ​​can, for example, be converted into common units using suitable factors, or dimensionless characteristic parameters suitable for further processing can be determined.

[0019] Preferably, a shearing device, or at least one shearing device, is provided on the loading unit. The shearing device shears off when the load acting on the loading unit exceeds an overload event limit. The control unit detects an overload event when shearing of the shearing device is detected. Such a shearing device has the advantage that the stroke provided by the energy absorber is fully maintained until an overload event occurs. This ensures that the full stroke is available during an overload event, allowing even very large loads to be dampened and their energy absorbed. Such a design is very easy to implement, as the shearing of a shearing device, such as a shear bolt, can serve as the starting point for the process.For example, the sensor device only records measurements periodically once the shear sensor has detected shearing of the shear device. This can be achieved, for instance, by a shear bolt providing a continuous electrically conductive connection, the interruption of which initiates the start signal for periodic measurement. A capacitive or inductive sensor is also possible. Preferably, a shear device such as a shear bolt is designed for the lightest person to be transported. However, this can lead to a heavier person destroying the shear bolt even before an overload event. Therefore, continuous or periodic monitoring of the sensor data is advantageous. It is preferred that the control device detects an overload event when a characteristic parameter exceeds an overload event limit.In simple configurations, an overload event is detected when a measured value exceeds a certain limit. Such a configuration functions both with and without a shearing device. It is possible for the control unit to continuously acquire measured values ​​from the sensor and determine the overload event based on the magnitude of the derived characteristic values ​​(or directly on the measured values). An overload event is detected if the measured or determined acceleration of the seating system exceeds a certain level, or if the applied force exceeds a certain level.

[0020] The overload event limit is set depending on the (defined or individually set) limit value. For example, the overload event limit can be set to 50%, 60%, or 75% of the limit value. Such an individual overload event limit offers the advantage that, for example, in a troop transport vehicle carrying a number of people, the overload event limit is set and, accordingly, exceeded and individually detected depending on the individual passenger. This optimally takes into account the individual capacity of each person. A specific individual overload event limit can also be set for the transport of equipment or other facilities, depending on how sensitive the respective equipment or facility is. This applies, for example, particularly to the transport of objects such as...Munitions or explosives or their components.

[0021] In preferred training courses, the weight of the object to be transported is determined from the load on the loading unit in its resting state (resting load value). Specifically, this determination is made without the vehicle or means of transport moving, for example, before the vehicle is started or begins to move.

[0022] In preferred training courses, the weight of the object to be transported is determined from a time-averaged load (mean load value) on the loading unit. For example, the load can be measured for a certain period before the transport vehicle starts moving, and a time-averaged value derived from this. It is also possible to determine a time-averaged load on the loading unit at or after start-up, or during operation. This time-averaged load can be derived for, for example, 1 second, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, or even a shorter or longer period, and used to determine the individual overload event limit.

[0023] In particular, the load on the loading unit is determined immediately after activation. Activation refers specifically to the starting of a transport vehicle or the activation of the assembly.

[0024] In all embodiments, it is preferred that the type of object to be transported is determined. In the case of persons as objects to be transported, the gender can be determined in particular. Determining the age or age group, or other characteristics, is also possible. Preferably, an identification unit of the object to be transported is recognized. Preferably, the memory of the identification unit of the object to be transported is read either wired or wirelessly. For example, the data from the memory of the identification unit can be read via RFID (radio-frequency identification), Bluetooth, WLAN, or other wired or wireless methods. The memory can contain information about the gender, height, weight, and, in particular, a personal limit value for the object or the person to be transported.

[0025] In all configurations, it is preferred that an individual factor for determining the limit value, or a limit value itself, is incorporated. This allows for appropriate control. For example, the limit value can be individually increased or decreased by the user entering, say, 80% or 120%. Direct input of a limit value is also possible.

[0026] In all embodiments, it is preferred that the method can also be used for comfort damping. In particular, it is preferred to set a predetermined or selectable portion of the energy absorber's stroke for comfort damping. For example, with a total stroke of 160 mm or 180 mm, a portion of 30 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm, 60 mm, or 70 mm can be made available for the comfort function. For example, a portion of at least 10% of the total stroke can be provided for the comfort function. Preferably, a portion of at least 15% or 20% is made available for the comfort function. In particular, a portion of the total stroke between 10% and 50%, and preferably between 20% and 35% of the total stroke, is preferred.

[0027] This allows for damping of minor (and even major) impacts and shocks when driving, for example, in an armored vehicle off-road, while simultaneously maintaining sufficient travel to reliably protect a passenger in the event of an unforeseen overload such as a mine explosion. The proportion of the energy absorber's travel dedicated to comfort functions is adjustable.

[0028] It is also possible and preferred that damping in the comfort range is increased when the current stroke approaches the end of the comfort range.

[0029] When using a shearing device, it is possible and preferred that a shear unit, such as a shear bolt, is sheared only at the end of the comfort stroke. In such cases, the shearing or cutting of a shear unit can also be used as a trigger to detect an overload event.

[0030] In preferred configurations, the overload event limit and / or the maximum load of the object to be transported can be changed. The overload event limit and / or the maximum load can be increased or decreased proportionally by a percentage or in steps. This allows for even better individual customization.

[0031] Preferably, a preset maximum load is stored in the identification unit.

[0032] It is particularly desirable to have the maximum load dependent on the gender and / or age of the person being transported. It is also possible for the maximum load to depend on the fitness level or another predefined or adjustable parameter of the object being transported.

[0033] In preferred embodiments, the energy absorber features an absorber valve whose damping is controlled by the strength of an applied magnetic field. In particular, a magnetorheological fluid is used in the energy absorber, the strength of which is specifically influenced by the applied magnetic field.

[0034] In all embodiments, it is possible and preferred that a plurality of energy absorbers are present. Therefore, the term "an energy absorber" refers to at least one energy absorber. An energy absorber can also comprise two or more energy absorber units. Each energy absorber unit can preferably have an identical construction. At least one energy absorber unit can be constructed like a previously described energy absorber. Two or more energy absorber units can be arranged adjacent to each other or at a distance from each other. For example, an energy absorber unit can be arranged at or near each of the lateral ends of the loading unit. Two or more, or preferably all, energy absorbers (units) are preferably controlled together. Control occurs, in particular, at least substantially simultaneously or, more importantly, at least with temporal overlap.

[0035] An assembly according to the invention, comprising a loading unit for transporting objects, includes an energy absorber, or at least one energy absorber, for absorbing energy, at least during an overload event, in order to reduce loads on an object transported on a loading unit. The energy absorber is designed and suitable to absorb energy during a single overload event with such a high energy input that damage to the object would be possible or highly probable without the energy absorber, in order to reduce the load (resulting load value) on the object resulting from the energy absorption of the energy absorber during the overload event.A control unit and at least one sensor unit are provided for acquiring measured values ​​regarding the current state of the loading unit and at least the energy absorber, wherein the energy absorber can be controlled by the control unit using the measured values. The control unit is configured and designed to detect an overload event from the acquired measured values. The control unit is configured and designed to determine a measure of the weight of the object to be transported and, from this measure of weight, to determine a limit value for the load on the object to be transported. After detecting the overload event, the control unit is configured and designed to control the damping of the energy absorber so that the load (in particular, a load value) on the object to be transported remains below the limit value.The control unit is designed and configured to periodically adjust the damping of the energy absorber, or to adapt the damping, and to determine the overload event limit depending on the limit value, at least after the detection of the overload event.

[0036] The assembly according to the invention also has many advantages. The assembly according to the invention enables simple and reliable control of the damping in the event of an overload, thereby reliably and optimally protecting a transported object, in particular a transported person or an item to be transported.

[0037] The assembly according to the invention preferably comprises a sensor device attached to the assembly. The sensor device can be wired, wireless, or a combination of both. Redundant coupling is possible.

[0038] Preferably, the sensor device is attached to a damped part of the assembly. For example, it is preferred that the sensor device is attached to the seat assembly, such as that of a mine-protection seat. In particular, the sensor device directly or indirectly determines a measure of the weight or weight force of a person sitting on it.

[0039] Preferably, the sensor device comprises at least one sensor such as a load cell and / or at least one strain gauge and / or a load cell and / or other sensor types and sensors for detecting a force. With such sensors, values ​​for a weight force or load on a person or object to be transported can be determined, or derived from the measured values ​​via simpler or more complex conversions, integration, and / or differentiation.

[0040] In preferred further developments, the energy absorber has at least one absorber valve, the damping of which is controlled by the strength of an applied magnetic field.

[0041] Preferably, a shearing device is provided on the loading unit, which can be sheared off if the load acting on the loading unit exceeds a predetermined level.

[0042] In all embodiments, it is preferred that the assembly includes a loading unit designed as a seating arrangement on a means of transport such as a vehicle or, for example, a boat. The seating arrangement comprises a receiving unit designed as a seat and a support structure designed as a seat frame. The energy absorber is (at least functionally) located between the seat and the seat frame.

[0043] Another method uses an energy absorber to absorb energy during an overload event, thereby reducing stress on an object transported on a loading unit. The energy absorber is designed to absorb energy, at least during a single overload event with such a high energy input that damage to the object would be possible or highly probable without the absorber. Through energy absorption, the resulting stress (resulting stress value) on the object is reduced during the overload event. A sensor system periodically acquires measurements of the current state of the loading unit. A control unit detects an overload event based on these measurements and periodically determines a measure of the stress (stress value) on the transported object.After the overload event is detected, the damping of the energy absorber is controlled so that the load (the load value) on the object being transported remains below the limit value. The applicant reserves the right to apply for separate protection for this process.

[0044] Another assembly comprises a loading unit for transporting objects and an energy absorber for absorbing energy, at least during an overload event, in order to reduce stress on an object transported on a loading unit. The energy absorber is designed and configured to absorb energy during a single overload event with such a high energy input that damage to the object would be possible or highly probable without the energy absorber. This energy absorption reduces the resulting stress (resulting stress value) on the object. A control device and at least one sensor device are provided for acquiring measured values ​​about the current state of the loading unit and at least the energy absorber, and the energy absorber can be controlled by the control device using these measured values.The control unit is designed and configured to detect an overload event from the recorded measurements. The control unit is designed and configured to determine a measure of the load on the object being transported. After detecting the overload event, the control unit is designed and configured to control the damping of the energy absorber so that the load (load value) on the object being transported remains below the limit value. The applicant also reserves the right to apply for separate protection for this assembly.

[0045] This method and device described above offer many advantages. The method is easy to implement and provides significant protection. Further developments of this method and device can also incorporate some, some, or all of the features of the previously described configurations.

[0046] Further advantages, features and properties of the present invention will become apparent from the description of the exemplary embodiments, which are explained below with reference to the accompanying figures.

[0047] The figures show: Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an assembly according to the invention; Figure 2 is a front view of the assembly according to the invention. Figure 1 Figure 3 shows a side view in section of the assembly. Figure 1 in the damping state; Figure 4 a vehicle with assemblies according to the invention for protecting the occupants in the event of explosions in a highly schematic cross-section; Figure 5 a vehicle with assemblies according to the invention for protecting the occupants in the event of explosions in a highly schematic longitudinal section; Figure 6 the time course of a load in a mine explosion, wherein an undamped course, a course without comfort function and a course with comfort function are shown.

[0048] In Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of an assembly 1 according to the invention. The assembly comprises an absorber cylinder 5, at one end of which a fastening device 3 and at the other end of which a holding device 4 are provided. The holding device 4 and the fastening device 3 each have two laterally projecting arms, on each of which a preload spring 43 of a preloading device or return device 23 is arranged in order to return the assembly 1 to its rest state 40 after an overload event 65, which is also maintained in Figure 1 is shown. In other configurations, assembly 1 may have only one or no laterally protruding arm.

[0049] Assembly 1 serves to absorb energy or dampen relative movements between the fastening device 3 and the holding device 4. The holding device 4 is connected to the piston assembly 6 of the energy absorber 2, while the fastening device 3 is rigidly connected to the absorber cylinder 5. At the upper end, a cover 39 is visible, which seals and limits the second chamber of the absorber chamber 9, concealed inside. Assembly 1 is used in particular on a loading unit 100 between a receiving unit 101 and a support device 102 (see figure). Fig. 3 or 4 ).

[0050] Figure 2 The assembly 1 is shown in a front view. A central axis of symmetry 30 extends through the absorber cylinder 5, through which the section to Figure 3 It proceeds. In Fig. 2The seating device 21 and the seating surface 21a, on which a person 105 can sit, are shown schematically. Objects 104, animals, or other items 103 can also be transported and protected during transport from, for example, mine explosions.

[0051] It is also possible that the seating unit 21 is mounted on a speedboat and dampens impacts from, for example, waves. With speedboats, it can happen that, for example, a much stronger wave occurs once per minute and then causes a significantly higher load than the other waves. In this case, it is very advantageous to have an energy absorber to dampen overload events. The overload event here is a correspondingly large wave.

[0052] Figure 3 shows a schematic section according to Figure 2in a resting state 40. The seating unit 21 is also shown schematically as a loading unit 100. The loading unit 100 has a receiving unit 101 or a seating surface 21a on which an object 103 such as a person 105 such as a soldier in a troop transport or on a speedboat or the like can sit.

[0053] Inside the absorber cylinder 5, the absorber piston 7 and the associated piston rod 8 of the piston assembly 6 are visible in cross-section. The absorber piston 7 divides the absorber chamber 9 inside the absorber cylinder 5 into a first chamber 10 and a second chamber 11. The second chamber 11 is bounded externally by the end cap 39 and is hermetically sealed at this point. The first chamber 10 is supported at its end by a guide bushing 45 and sealed with a gasket 46.

[0054] In the resting state, the first chamber 10 is at least partially and, in particular, completely filled with (at least one) absorber fluid 12. Upon the occurrence of an overload event 65, the piston rod 8 is pulled out of the absorber cylinder 5, so that the absorber fluid 12 present in the first chamber 10 passes through the absorber valve 13 and the absorber channel 14 in the absorber piston 7 and into the second chamber 11. The second chamber 11 may already be partially filled with the absorber fluid 12 in the resting state. However, it is also possible that the second chamber 11 is only slightly or not at all filled with absorber fluid 12 in the resting state, but only with air or another compressible gas or medium. It is also conceivable that the second chamber 11 is filled with an incompressible medium which, in the event of an overload event 65, is irreversibly released to the outside via an overload valve that is not visible here.

[0055] It is clearly evident that the piston rod 8 has a (very) large diameter relative to the diameter of the absorber cylinder, so that only a relatively narrow annular gap remains around the piston rod for the first chamber 10. As a result, only a relatively small volume of the absorber fluid 12 is displaced from the first chamber 10 when the absorber piston 7 extends. Therefore, the flow velocities of the absorber fluid 12 in the absorber channel 14 are low even in overload situations 65 caused by explosions, so that the length of the absorber piston 7 is sufficient to influence the flow of the absorber fluid as desired by means of the magnetic field of the electric coil 16 as a field-generating device 16.

[0056] The absorber fluid 12 is, in particular, a magnetorheological fluid which can be influenced by the magnetic field of the electric coil 16. The coil has 0 turns wound perpendicular to the axis of symmetry 30. A permanent magnet 16a can be provided, which generates a basic magnetic field that is modulated by the coil 16. A minimum damping is always set by the permanent magnet 16a, which can be increased or decreased by an actively controlled magnetic field of the coil 16.

[0057] During the transfer of the flow fluid or absorber fluid 12 from the first chamber 10 to the second chamber 11, the absorber fluid 12 is redirected inwards through the radial flow openings 44, which extend radially obliquely from the outside towards the inside. This means that the flow channel or absorber channel 14 is located radially further inwards than the first chamber 10. As a result, the interior of the absorber piston 7 can be used effectively to generate the necessary magnetic field and for the absorber channel 14, which is shown hatched here.

[0058] The piston rod 8 is considerably thicker than necessary for stability. Therefore, a cavity 22, designed here as a blind hole, can be provided in the piston rod 8. The blind hole 22 extends from the end 26 opposite the piston into the piston rod 8. The cavity 22 can extend to just before the absorber piston 7, so that its length is three-quarters or more of the length of the piston rod 8 up to the absorber piston 7. The cavity 22 can be used accordingly. Here, the control device 48 and an energy storage device 47 are arranged inside the cavity 22. The control device 48 is connected to the electrical coil 16 to control it. Furthermore, the control device 48 is connected to a sensor device 61 to detect and process the loads on the loading unit 100, which is designed as a seat 21.

[0059] The energy storage device 47 ensures that, even in the event of a power outage on board the means of transport, the assembly 1 has a sufficient amount of energy available to control the energy absorber 2 at all times, or at least for a defined period after the power outage. The energy storage device can be a capacitor or a battery. It is also possible that no cavity and / or no energy storage device is provided.

[0060] The absorber piston 7 not only separates the first chamber 10 from the second chamber 11, but also forms a flow valve 13, which can be controlled by the control device 48.

[0061] The sensor device 61 can be located in or on the seat surface 21a. A cushion 21b can be arranged above the sensor device 61. The sensor device 61 on the seat surface 21a advantageously detects a load or load value of the transported person 105 or a transported object 104. Conveniently, the load on the object 103 or the load value is measured directly. Any cushioning effect of the cushion 21b is taken into account and does not need to be determined separately.

[0062] This also applies, to a reduced but still advantageous extent, if the sensor device 61 is arranged between the mounting 59 of the seat assembly 21 and the mounting 58 on the means of transport. In this case as well, a reasonable level of the load on the transported person 105 is recorded.

[0063] The sensor device 61 is also used here to determine and, in particular, to record a measure of the weight of the transported object 103 or the transported person 105. When a person 105 sits on the seat 21, the sensor device 61 is subjected to a static load. A measure of the person 105's weight can be derived from the measured values. This makes it possible to set an individual limit value for the load on a transported person 105 or a transported object 103.

[0064] In simple cases, a maximum load or limit for a load unit of 100 can be set proportionally to the weight of the person being transported. Typically, a heavier person with a similar physical condition has stronger bones. A similar or comparable physical condition can generally be assumed for military-trained personnel. Therefore, it can also be assumed that a heavier person has a more stable bone structure and can withstand a greater load without damage. To maintain a sufficient reserve of the absorber stroke, it is therefore advantageous, in the event of an overload incident such as a mine explosion, to subject a heavier person to higher loads than a lighter person.

[0065] This can be done individually by measuring the weight of the transported persons. A separate sensor is not required for this. The sensor device 61, which is designed in particular as a load cell or strain gauge or the like, can be used. It is also possible to use different sensor devices 61 or different sensors of a sensor device 61 to determine a measure of the weight of the transported person 105.

[0066] For a typical person weighing, for example, 75 kg, a specific load limit can be predefined. Percentage deviations for heavier or lighter individuals can be set.

[0067] A measurement of the weight of a person or object being transported is preferably taken when the person 105 sits down on the seat of the seating unit 21. It is possible for a weight measurement to be taken when the assembly 1 is activated or started. Alternatively, a time-averaged value can be determined at or after the start or activation of the assembly 1 and used as the basis for the calculation. A time-averaged value increases the accuracy, particularly if it is a static average value while the means of transport is still stationary. However, even with a moving means of transport, a time-averaged weight of a person being transported can be derived and provide a sufficiently accurate result.

[0068] Furthermore, in Fig. 3An identification unit 109 can be identified on the person 103 or on the alternative object 104 shown with a dashed line. The identification unit 109 preferably contains a memory 110 that holds information about the type 111 and the characteristics of the person 103 and their individual limit value. For example, the memory 110 can contain a setting for increasing the individual limit value by 10%. It is then possible, and preferably preferred, that a weight-dependent limit value for the transported person 103 is determined and subsequently increased by 10%, taking the individual adjustment into account. Similarly, it is also possible to decrease the limit value. However, it is also possible that the memory 110 contains a fixed limit value that is set independently of the weight of the person 103 being transported.

[0069] It is also possible that the memory 110 of the identification unit 109 contains further information about type 111, such as gender, age, or physical condition. Such information can also be recorded and taken into account for determining an individual limit value.

[0070] The contents of memory 110 of identification unit 109 can be transmitted to assembly 1 via wired and / or wireless means. The transmission can be carried out using various methods. For example, transmission can be done using RFID. It is also possible for transmission to occur when the person being transported touches or activates a corresponding switch on assembly 1, thus ensuring identification.

[0071] Figures 4 and 5Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional and longitudinal section of a transport vehicle 50, such as a troop carrier, on which assemblies 1 according to the invention are provided to protect the occupants in the event of explosions. The transport vehicle 50 has a body 51 to which mine protection seats 60 are attached as assemblies 1. The vehicle 50 is mobile via wheels with tires 52, but can also be partially or completely equipped with tracks. In the event of an overload 65, such as an explosion, the vehicle 50 is thrown into the air, with a damped movement of the loading unit 100 of the assemblies 1, designed here as a seat assembly 21, in order to protect the persons sitting on it from permanent injury.

[0072] Figure 5Figure 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a means of transport 50, such as a troop carrier, which has a body 51 and several wheels 52 or a track drive. An optional track drive instead of or in addition to wheels 52 is schematically indicated by a dashed line representing a chain 52a. Inside, several seating units 21 are arranged, on which a number of persons 105-107 can be transported.

[0073] A highly schematic representation shows an exploding mine 90 at the rear of the troop transport 50. This causes the rear of the troop transport 50 to lift. A pivot point 53 is located, for example, at the foremost wheel 52. Due to the distances 55, 56, and 57 from the front pivot point 53, different accelerations result, and thus different forces on persons 105, 106, and 107. The load (load value) on person 105 is considerably lower due to the significantly smaller distance 55 to the pivot point 53 than the load on person 107 at a much greater distance 57 from the pivot point. The load on person 106 at distance 56 is lower due to the smaller distance 56 compared to distance 57.

[0074] The transported person 106 is smaller and lighter than the other persons 105 and 107. This reduces the force acting on person 106. At the same time, it must be considered that a smaller person 106 usually has a lower load-bearing capacity, so the maximum load on person 106 is typically lower than that on a larger and heavier person 107. Simultaneously, with the same acceleration, the load also decreases with decreasing weight.

[0075] By individually recording a measurement for the weight of persons 105 to 107, individual adjustment of the damping on the assemblies 1 of the individual seating devices 21 can be achieved.

[0076] This ensures that for each person 105 to 107, the permissible individual limit 68 for the load is not exceeded. The damping of the energy absorber 2 is adjusted at all times via the control unit 48 so that even in the event of an overload 65, the load or the load value does not rise above the respective load limit 68.

[0077] Measurements of the respective loads are recorded at periodic intervals, and based on these measurements and taking into account the respective load limits 68, the current in the energy absorber 2 is adjusted so that the permissible maximum load 68 is not exceeded. Preferably, the current is adjusted immediately after each measurement to adapt the damping. Alternatively, a number of measurements can first be recorded to obtain a more accurate measurement signal, and then the current can be adjusted periodically. For example, measurements can be taken every 0.1 or 0.5 milliseconds, while the current is adjusted every 1, 2, 5, or 10 milliseconds.

[0078] Figure 6 shows three possible time courses of the stress during an overload event 65, such as the explosion of mine 90. Fig. 5 .

[0079] The uppermost diagram shows the temporal progression of the load, including an overload event 65. This progression would result if no damping were present. At the beginning or start of the assembly, starting at time 31, 37 measured values ​​62 can be recorded by the sensor device 61 for a period of time 31 and used to calculate an average in order to determine a measure of the weight of a transported person 105. A limit value 68 for the load on the transported person 105 is set using the average value 38 derived from the measured values.

[0080] The middle diagram shows the time course with overload damping. If the measured values ​​62 exceed an overload event limit 67, the control unit 48 detects an overload event. It can then react accordingly. Alternatively, an overload event is detected if the shear bolt 42 shears off. In any case, the energy absorber 2 is activated (at the latest) after an overload event is detected, even if no comfort function is integrated into the assembly 1. This means that shocks below the overload event limit 67 are transmitted undamped to the seat assembly 21. This applies to shocks 64 or 66 in the middle diagram, which are transmitted undamped.

[0081] The middle diagram of Figure 6Figure 73 and Figure 83 show two different load profiles for individuals of different weights, with the individual with load profile 83 having a greater individual weight than the individual with load profile 73. Due to the different weights of the respective individuals, different load limits 67 and 87 result. For the lighter individual, the overload event limit 67 and a maximum load 68 result, while for the heavier individual, a significantly larger overload event limit 87 and a significantly higher load limit 88 result.

[0082] In the middle diagram from Figure 6Surges below the respective overload event limits 67 and 87 are transmitted undamped, while once these limits are exceeded, a corresponding current profile 70 (solid line) and 80 (dotted line) is set to keep the actual load or load value below the respective load limits 68 and 88, respectively. This can result in the control fluctuations shown, which are included here for illustrative purposes only. Depending on the control speed and precision, a completely smooth and continuous curve may also result.

[0083] In any case, the load on the transported person 105 (106 ... 107) is determined at periodic intervals based on the actual load using the measured values ​​62. Depending on the level of the measured values ​​62, or the corresponding load, a corresponding current is set, which provides the appropriate damping at the energy absorber 2. The final result can be load profiles 73 or 83. These can be accompanied by different or identical current profiles 70, 80. Typically, different individuals will experience different current profiles 70, 80.

[0084] In the bottom diagram of Figure 6 is a load profile 73 for person 105 from the middle diagram of Figure 6 reproduced, with an additional comfort damping function (71) activated.

[0085] An overload event 65 occurs only at time 33, when the overload event limit 67 has been exceeded. Then, damping occurs at the energy absorber 2 in overload mode, whereby corresponding current intensities 70 are set so that the actual load profile 73 remains below the load limit 68.

[0086] In the third and lowest diagram of Fig. 6For example, 20% of the total stroke of the energy absorber 2 can be allocated to the comfort function, which effectively dampens individual shocks 64 and 66. This not only significantly reduces the amplitude of individual shocks 64 and 66 below the overload limit 67, but also generates more comfortable vibration frequencies for the passengers, thus reducing the strain on their bodies. This can result in a shock 66 that initially occurs at time 35 only becoming noticeable at time 36 with a significantly lower amplitude 76. Accordingly, the current profile during comfort damping also differs significantly from zero in the load curve below the overload event limit 67.

[0087] In all configurations, it is possible that as the end of the intended range for comfort damping 71 is approached, the comfort damping is set to a firmer setting.

[0088] In all embodiments of the invention, it is also possible to adjust the damping to a firmer setting as the energy absorber approaches its end of travel and / or shortly before reaching the end of its stroke (e.g., remaining stroke <5% or <10%). This is possible even if the individual load limit (e.g., <10%) is exceeded, particularly to prevent bottoming out. In the event of bottoming out, the resulting load could be significantly higher, which is why a moderate exceedance of the individual load limit can have less detrimental effects or even completely prevent any lasting damage. Such an increase can also be implemented individually.

[0089] In all configurations, it is also preferred that the load profiles and measured values ​​resulting from operation are at least partially stored. This allows for subsequent analysis and / or improvement of the control system based on the evaluated data.

[0090] It is also possible, for example, that the bone structure of a person to be transported is stored as a parameter in the memory 110 of the identification unit 109 and is taken into account when determining an individual load limit 68. Reference symbol list: 1 module 52 Tires 2 Energy absorber mounting device 52a Chain 53 pivot point 4 Holding device 55-57 Distance 5 Absorber cylinder 58 Vehicle mount 6 Piston assembly 59 Mounting bracket seat 7 Absorber flask 60 Mine protection seat 8 piston rod 61 Sensor device 9 Absorber chamber 62 Measured values 10 first chamber 63 Stress profile 11 second chamber 64 Impact 12 Absorbent fluid 65 Overload event 13 Absorber valve 66 Impact 14 absorber channel 67 Overload event limit 16 electrical coil 68 Maximum load, load limit, limit value 16a Permanent magnet 21 Seating 70 Current flow 21a Seat area 71 Comfort damping 21b pad 73 Stress profile 22 cavity 74, 76 amplitude 23 Reset device 80 Current flow 26 End 83 Stress profile 30 axis of symmetry 87 Overload event limit 31-36 time 88 load limit 37 Time period 90 mine 38 mean 100 Loading unit 39 End cap 101 Recording unit 40 Resting state 102 Supporting institution 42 Shearing device 103 object 43 Spring mechanism 104 Object 44 Flow opening 105 person 45 guide bushing 106 person 46 seal 107 person 47 Energy storage 109 Identification unit 48 Control unit 110 memory 50 means of transport 111 type 51 body

Claims

1. A method for absorbing energy during an overload event with an energy absorber (2) in order to reduce loads acting on an entity (103) being transported on a load unit (100), wherein the energy absorber (2) is adapted to absorb energy at least during a one-off overload event involving such a high energy input that damage to the entity would be possible or highly likely without an energy absorber, in order to reduce, through the energy absorption of the energy absorber (2), a load acting on the entity as the result of the overload event, wherein measurement values (62) regarding the current state of the load unit (100) are periodically captured by a sensor element (61), wherein an overload event (65) is detected by a control element (48) based on the captured measurement values (62), characterized in that a measure for a weight of the entity (103) to be transported is determined, and in that a limit value (68) for a load acting on the entity (103) to be transported is determined based on the measure for the weight, and in that, following the detection of the overload event (65), a damping of the energy absorber (2) is controlled so that the load acting on the entity (103) to be transported remains below the limit value (68), wherein at least following the detection of the overload event (65), the damping of the energy absorber (2) is periodically adjusted based on the periodically captured measurement values (62), wherein the overload-event limit (67) is defined as a function of the limit value (68).

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the control element periodically derives characteristic parameters for a load acting on the load unit (100) from the measurement values (62).

3. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a shear element (42) is provided on the load unit (100), which shear element (42) shears when the load acting on the load unit (100) exceeds an overload-event limit (67), wherein the control element (48) detects an overload event (65) when a shearing of the shear element (42) is detected.

4. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control element (48) detects an overload event (65) when a characteristic parameter exceeds an overload-event limit (67).

5. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measure of a weight of the entity (103) to be transported is determined from the load acting on the load unit (100) in a state of rest.

6. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the measure of a weight of the entity (103) to be transported is determined from a time-averaged value (38) of the load acting on the load unit (100).

7. A method according to the preceding claim, wherein the determination of the load acting on the load unit (100) is carried out immediately after activation.

8. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a determination of a type of the entity (103) to be transported is carried out, and wherein in particular an identification unit (109) of the entity (103) to be transported is detected, and wherein preferably a memory (110) of the identification unit (109) of the entity (103) to be transported is read out.

9. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a comfort damping (71) is carried out for a portion of a stroke of the energy absorber (2).

10. A method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an overload-event limit (67) and / or a maximum load (68) of the entity (103) to be transported is modifiable, and wherein in particular a default setting for the maximum load (68) is stored in the identification unit (109), and wherein the maximum load (68) preferably depends on a gender and / or age of a person to be transported.

11. A device (1) with a load unit (100) for transporting entities (103) and an energy absorber (2) for absorbing energy at least during an overload event in order to reduce loads acting on an entity (103) being transported on a load unit (100), wherein the energy absorber (2) is adapted and configured to absorb energy during a one-off overload event (65) involving such a high energy input that damage to the entity (103) would be possible or highly likely without an energy absorber (2), in order to reduce, through the energy absorption of the energy absorber (2), a load acting on the entity as a result of the overload event (65), wherein a control element (48) and at least one sensor element (61) for detecting measurement values (62) relating to the current state of the load unit (100) and at least of the energy absorber (2) are provided, wherein the energy absorber (2) can be controlled by the control element (48) based on the measurement values (62), wherein the control element (48) is configured and designed to detect an overload event (65) from the detected measurement values (62), characterized in that the control element (48) is configured and designed to determine a measure for a weight of the entity (103) to be transported and to use the measure for the weight to determine a limit value for a load (68) acting on the entity (103) to be transported, and in that the control element (48) is configured and designed in such a manner that, following the detection of the overload event (65), a damping of the energy absorber (2) is controlled in such a manner that the load acting on the entity (103) to be transported remains below the limit value (68), and in that the control element (48) is configured and designed to periodically adjust the damping of the energy absorber (2) based on the periodically captured measurement values (62) at least following the detection of the overload event (65) and to define the overload-event limit (67) as a function of the limit value (68).

12. A device (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the sensor element (61) is attached on the device (1), and wherein the sensor element (61) is in particular attached on a damped part (4) of the device (1), and / or wherein the sensor element (61) includes at least one sensor such as, e.g., a load cell, a force transducer and / or a strain gauge, and / or wherein the energy absorber (2) has at least one absorber valve (13) whose damping is controlled by a strength of an applied magnetic field, and / or wherein a shear element (42) is provided on the load unit (100), which can shear when the load acting on the load unit (100) exceeds a predetermined measure (67), and / or wherein the load unit (100) is designed as a seat element (21) on a transport means such as a vehicle or boat, wherein the seat element (21) includes a receiving unit (101) in the form of a seat and a support element (102) in the form of a seat frame, wherein the energy absorber (2) is arranged between the seat and the seat frame.