THE HIGH VOLTAGE COMPONENT

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to the use of a pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxides as a laser marking additive for polyamide-based high-voltage components. State of the art

[0002] Technical thermoplastics such as polyamides are an important material, especially in the field of components for motor vehicles, due to their good mechanical stability, chemical resistance, very good electrical properties and good processability.

[0003] Polyamides have been an important component in the production of sophisticated automotive components for many years. While the internal combustion engine was the dominant drive concept for many years, the search for alternative drive concepts has also created new requirements regarding material selection. Electromobility plays a key role in this, where the internal combustion engine is partially replaced in hybrid vehicles, particularly in HEVs (hybrid vehicles), PHEVs (plug-in hybrid vehicles), BEVs (vehicles with an electric motor and a small combustion engine as a range extender), or completely replaced in electric vehicles, preferably in BEVs (pure electric vehicles) or FCEVs (fuel cell vehicles), by one or more electric motors that typically draw their electrical energy from batteries or fuel cells.While conventional vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEs) typically operate on a 12V electrical system, hybrid and electric vehicles with electric motors require significantly higher voltages. This poses a serious additional hazard in the immediate vicinity of such high-voltage components, a factor that is increasingly being addressed in technical specifications and standards. Clearly marking these hazardous areas is crucial to prevent unintentional contact with people, especially drivers or mechanics, and the use of clear color coding for these high-voltage components is particularly important in this regard.

[0004] The Advanced Vehicle Team at the Idaho National Laboratory for HEV (Hybrid Electric Vehicle) has thus... https: / / avt.inl.gov / sites / default / files / pdf / hev / hevtechspecr1.pdf a technical specification was published which recommends, among other things, a clear marking as "HIGH VOLTAGE" for all devices exposed to a high voltage greater than or equal to 60V and also refers to the color orange as a marking in this context.

[0005] Due to the high processing temperatures, sometimes exceeding 300°C, in compounding and injection molding, the selection of suitable colorants for the color orange is very limited, especially for technical thermoplastics such as polyamides.

[0006] EP 0 041 274 B1 describes fluorescent compositions capable of changing the wavelengths of light, shaped bodies based on such compositions that convert light waves, and devices for converting optical energy into electrical energy using such an element. Among the examples in EP 0 041 274 B1 is the use of 12H-phthaloperin-12-one in polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Furthermore, EP 0 041 274 B1 proposes its use in polyamides, among other materials.

[0007] 12H-Phthaloperin-12-one [CAS No. 6925-69-5], known as Solvent Orange 60, is available, for example, as Macrolex® Orange 3G from Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, Cologne. However, a disadvantage is that Solvent Orange 60 tends to migrate out of the plastic matrix under extreme conditions, particularly those found in electromobility. This leads to a decrease in color intensity at elevated temperatures. The Solvent Orange 60 migrates to the surface of the plastic (blooming). From there, it can be rubbed off, washed away, or dissolved, evaporate (fogging), or migrate into other materials, especially adjacent plastic or rubber components (bleeding). The concentration of Solvent Orange 60 in the plastic decreases, and the color intensity diminishes.The migrated Solvent Orange 60 also has the disadvantage that it can be transported to adjacent components through mechanical or physical processes, leading to functional impairments. For example, increased electrical resistance in a switch contact can result from the deposition of Solvent Orange 60 on the surface of electrical contacts. Therefore, the migration of components from plastics is generally undesirable in the vicinity of electrical components, as it can affect the properties of the plastics and spatially adjacent parts, potentially compromising the functionality of the electrical component.

[0008] For high-voltage components, especially those used in electromobility, the possibility of marking them with additional information such as serial numbers, manufacturer specifications, installation information, or safety-related information is also important. Laser marking is a suitable method for marking plastic-based components (see https: / / de.wikipedia.org / wiki / Laserbeschriftung), wherein preferably a solid-state laser with Nd:YAG or Nd:YVO 4 crystal of wavelength 1064nm, 532nm or 355nm is used, wherein a laser of wavelength 1064nm is particularly preferred.

[0009] According to the prior art, antimony trioxide-based additives are generally used to improve marking contrast when using a laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm (see EP 3 281 974 A1). However, according to the invention, the use of antimony trioxide is preferably avoided, as it has a negative market reputation due to the H351 hazard statement ("Suspected of causing cancer").

[0010] As a measure of the quality of Laser markingIn the context of the present invention, the marking of high-voltage components is based on the contrast between a surface treated with a laser beam and a surface not treated with the laser beam, wherein the surfaces to be examined are plates with dimensions of 60 x 40 x 2 mm³ made of the polymer molding compounds to be examined. For marking, a laser, preferably a solid-state laser with an Nd:YAG crystal, in particular the DPL-Genesis-Marker (8W) laser marking device from ACI Laser GmbH, Chemnitz, Germany, with the MagicMarkV3 marking software and the F-Theta 163 focusing lens, is used at a laser wavelength of 1064 nm.To compare the contrast after labeling, a writing speed of 50mm / s, a pulse frequency of 1000Hz and a line spacing of 100µm are selected within the scope of the present invention, wherein the pulse width is 3µs and the laser power on the device is 90%.

[0011] The contrast is achieved within the scope of the present invention by applying the grayscale scale according to ISO 105-A03 classified as follows: Classification (-): The laser-irradiated area differs from the non-laser-irradiated area comparable to a gray scale according to ISO 105-A03 Class 4, 4 / 5 or 5, meaning the laser-irradiated area is indistinguishable or almost indistinguishable from the non-irradiated area. Classification (+): The laser-irradiated area differs from the non-irradiated area comparable to a gray scale. ISO 105-A03of classes 1 to 3 / 4, which makes it easy to distinguish the laser-irradiated area from the non-laser-irradiated area.

[0012] Ideally, the orange polyamide-based high-voltage components according to the invention, or the polymer molding compounds used for their production, should exhibit improved lightfastness and thermal stability compared to the prior art cited above, in addition to laser marking capability, by maintaining the original color achieved immediately after injection molding under UV light or thermal stress for a longer period of time than compared to 12H-phthaloperin-12-one. longer period in terms of thermal stress Within the scope of the present invention, this means storage in a hot-air drying oven at 80°C for 12 hours. longer period in terms of lightfastnessWithin the scope of the present invention, this means an irradiation time of 96 hours with a xenon lamp, 1500 watts, 45-130 klx, wavelength in the range of 300 to 800 nm. Within the scope of the present invention, the measure of lightfastness is the discoloration of the molding compounds to be tested, in the form of 60 x 40 x 2 mm³ sheets, after UV storage with a UV light Suntest CPS+, 300-800 nm, 45-130 klx, with a Window Glass Filter 250-765 W / m², from Atlas Material Testing Technology GmbH, Linsengericht, Germany, over a period of 96 hours. The discoloration is then visually assessed in accordance with the Blue Wool Scale. DIN EN ISO 105-B02, where '8' represents excellent lightfastness (low color change) and 1' represents very low lightfastness (strong color change). Bleeding

[0013] To determine the bleeding, the following procedure is carried out within the scope of the present invention: First, plastic sheets with dimensions of 60 x 40 x 2 mm are produced from a polyamide composition containing the colorant to be tested. For plastic sheets according to the present invention, at least one pigment system based on an inorganic mixed oxide containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide is used as the colorant. Subsequently, a flexible PVC film with dimensions of 30 x 20 x 2 mm is clamped between two of the initially produced plastic sheets, and the entire assembly of sheets is stored in a hot-air drying oven at 80°C for 12 hours. The subsequent evaluation of the colorant migrated from the two plastic sheets into the flexible PVC is then carried out visually according to the gray scale. ISO 105-A02,where '5' means that the PVC film shows no color change (no visually perceptible color transfer from the polyamide plastic sheets to the PVC film) and '1' means that the PVC film shows a strong color change (strong visually perceptible color transfer from the polyamide plastic sheets to the PVC film). Lightfastness

[0014] Within the scope of the present invention, the measure of lightfastness is the discoloration after UV curing of the above-described plastic sheets based on the polyamide composition under investigation and containing colorant, using a Suntest CPS+ type UV light with an air-cooled Atlas Xenon lamp, 1500 watts, 45-130 klx, wavelength 300-800 nm and a Window Glass filter 250-267 W / m², manufactured by Atlas Material Testing Technology GmbH, Linsengericht, Germany, and an irradiation time of 96 hours. The discoloration is assessed visually according to the Blue Wool Scale as defined in DIN EN ISO 105-B02, where '8' represents excellent lightfastness (minimal color change) and '1' represents very poor lightfastness (significant color change). High voltage

[0015] Regulation No. 100 of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) – Uniform provisions for the approval of vehicles with regard to specific requirements for electric propulsion [2015 / 505] – defines in section 2.17 the term “high voltage” as a voltage for which an electrical component or circuit is designed, the RMS value of which is > 60 V and ≤ 1500 V (DC) or > 30 V and ≤ 1000 V (AC).

[0016] This classification of "high voltage" corresponds to voltage class B of the IS06469-3:2018 ("Electrically propelled road vehicles - Safety specifications - Part 3: Electrical safety"). Section 5.2 also contains marking requirements for electrical components of voltage class B, indicated by appropriate hazard symbols or the color 'orange'. Orange

[0017] Within the scope of the present invention, orange is defined as a color that, in the RAL color system, https: / / de.wikipedia.org / wiki / RAL-Farbe#Orange in the RAL color chart has a color number that begins with a "2". Specifically, as of the filing date of the present invention, orange tones are distinguished according to Table 1: Table 1 L* a* b* RAL 2000 Yellow-orange 58,20 37,30 68,68 RAL 2001 Rotorange 49,41 39,79 35,29 RAL 2002 Blood orange 47,74 47,87 33,73 RAL 2003 Pastel orange 66,02 41.22 52,36 RAL 2004 Pure orange 56,89 50,34 49,81 RAL 2005 Bright orange 72,27 87,78 82,31 RAL 2007 Bright orange 76,86 47,87 97,63 RAL 2008 light reddish-orange 60,33 46,91 60,52 RAL 2009 Traffic orange 55,83 47,79 48,83 RAL 2010 Signal orange 55,39 40,10 42,42 RAL 2011 Deep orange 59,24 40,86 64,50 RAL 2012 Salmon orange 57,75 40,28 30,66 RAL 2013 Pearl orange 40,73 32,14 34,92

[0018] Table 1 lists the device-independent CIE L*a*b* color values ​​for each RAL value: L* represents luminance, a* = D65, and b* = 10°. The color model is standardized in EN ISO 11664-4 "Colorimetry -- Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour space". For more information on the L*a*b* color space (also known as CIELAB), see: https: / / de.wikipedia.org / wiki / Lab-Farbraum.

[0019] Each color in the color space is defined by a color locus with the Cartesian coordinates L*, a*, b*. The a*b* coordinate plane was constructed using opponent-process theory. Green and red are opposite each other on the a* axis, while the b* axis runs between blue and yellow. Complementary hues are 180° opposite each other, with gray at their midpoint (the origin a*=0, b*=0).

[0020] The L* axis describes the brightness (luminance) of a color with values ​​from 0 to 100. In the diagram, it is perpendicular to the a*b* plane at the origin. It can also be called the neutral gray axis, because all achromatic colors (shades of gray) are contained between the endpoints black (L*=0) and white (L*=100). The a* axis describes the green or red component of a color, with negative values ​​representing green and positive values ​​representing red. The b* axis describes the blue or yellow component of a color, with negative values ​​representing blue and positive values ​​representing yellow.

[0021] The a* values ​​range from approximately -170 to +100, and the b* values ​​from -100 to +150, with the maximum values ​​only being reached at medium brightness for certain hues. The CIELAB color solid has its greatest extent in the mid-brightness range, but this extent varies in height and size depending on the color range.

[0022] Within the scope of the present invention, polymer compositions and high-voltage components produced therefrom are preferred whose color value comes as close as possible to, if not exactly matches, RAL 2003, pastel orange with L*a*b* 66.02 / 41.22 / 52.36. For this purpose, the person skilled in the art will select the amounts of the components to be used in the polymer compositions according to the invention such that the result is as close as possible to RAL 2003. EP 0 113 229 A1 , The content of which is fully encompassed by the present application is shown in Fig. 3 as a triangular coordinate diagram correlating the composition of pigment systems containing varying amounts of tin oxide, zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide with the perceived color of the complex. The area where the color is perceived as orange / yellow is clearly visible.

[0023] According to the invention, orange-like shades are included which have a color difference ΔE <30 between the L*a*b* coordinates of the polymer composition and the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number of the RAL color chart beginning with "2", preferably a ΔE <20, particularly preferably a ΔE <12 and most particularly preferably a ΔE <5.

[0024] For an explanation of ΔE, see, for example: https: / / de.wikipedia.org / wiki / Delta_E.

[0025] ΔE is a measure of perceived color difference, which should ideally be "equally spaced" for all colors present. EN ISO 11664-4The term color distance is preferred over the term color difference. Color distance represents the quantified form, unlike color difference. Every color that actually occurs, including every color emitted or measured by a device, can be assigned a color coordinate in three-dimensional space. This possibility is based on Grassmann's law. The value of ΔE between the color coordinates (L*,a*,b*)p and (L*,a*,b*)v is calculated as the Euclidean distance according to EN ISO 11664-4: Δ E p , v = L p ∗ − L v ∗ 2 + a p ∗ − a v ∗ 2 + b p ∗ − b v ∗ 2

[0026] Further explanations regarding ΔE can be found in https: / / de.wikipedia.org / wiki / Delta_E.

[0027] For the avoidance of doubt, it should be noted that the scope of the present invention encompasses all listed general or preferred definitions and parameters in any combination. This applies in particular to the quantities and parameters of the individual components to be used in the methods and uses claimed within the scope of this application. The standards cited within the scope of this application refer to the version in force on the filing date of this invention.

[0028] KR 101 977 321 B1 discloses orange and heat-stable polyamide compositions in which pigments made from mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide, and zinc peroxide are used. It further discloses ""A New Class of Weather-Fast Pigments" at https: / / www.pcimag.com / articles / 83054-a-new-class-of-weather-fast-pigments, 2005-04-01, explicitly mentions the pigment Yellow 216 and its acid resistance, weather and heat resistance, as well as its processing as a colorant in plastics and coating materials. " New Color Index for BASF orange pigment" ADDITIVES FOR POLYMERS, Elsevier Advanced Technology, GB, Vol. 2009, No. 4, April 1, 2009, pages 3-4 , The use of pigment Orange 82 as a dye for polyamides is proposed.

[0029] However, starting from the teaching of EP 0 041 274 B1, the object of the present invention was to provide orange polymer compositions based on polyamide for high-voltage components, in particular for high-voltage components in electric vehicles, which are less susceptible to migration, in particular bleeding, compared to the solution in EP 0 041 274 B1 based on 12H-phthaloperin-12-one.

[0030] Surprisingly, it has now been found that high-voltage components, especially high-voltage components for electromobility, containing thermoplastic polymer compositions based on polyamide and at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide as an orange colorant, meet the requirements for bleeding resistance, lightfastness and the required laser marking capability. Subject of the invention

[0031] Described are polymer compositions, products made therefrom, preferably high-voltage components, particularly preferably high-voltage components for electromobility, containing A) 100 mass parts polyamide, B) 0.01 to 5 mass parts, particularly preferably 0.01 to 3 mass parts, of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, with the stipulation of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0032] The present invention also relates to the use of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, to be used as component B), for the production of polyamide-based polymer compositions, preferably polyamide-based products, particularly preferably polyamide-based high-voltage components, especially polyamide-based high-voltage components for electromobility, wherein 0.01 to 5 mass parts, particularly preferably 0.01 to 3 mass parts of component B) are used per 100 mass parts of at least one polyamide to be used as component A), with the stipulation that ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number beginning with "2" of the RAL color chart.

[0033] The invention further relates to the use of a pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide as a laser marking additive for polyamide-based products using a laser, preferably a solid-state laser with an Nd:YAG crystal at a wavelength of 1064 nm, wherein 0.01 to 5 mass parts, particularly preferably 0.01 to 3 mass parts of the pigment system are used per 100 mass parts of at least one polyamide, provided that the ΔE is <30 with respect to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number beginning with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0034] Preferably, the invention relates to the use of a pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide as a laser marking additive for polyamide-based high-voltage components, in particular polyamide-based high-voltage components for electromobility, by means of a laser, preferably by means of a solid-state laser with Nd:YAG crystal at a wavelength of 1064 nm, wherein 0.01 to 5 mass parts, particularly preferably 0.01 to 3 mass parts of the pigment system are used per 100 mass parts of at least one polyamide, with the stipulation that ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" of the RAL color chart.

[0035] Finally, the present invention relates to a method for marking polyamide-based products as high-voltage components, in particular polyamide-based high-voltage components for electromobility, by irradiating and marking the products using a laser, preferably a solid-state laser with an Nd:YAG crystal at a wavelength of 1064 nm, wherein the products are based on polymer compositions in which 0.01 to 5 mass fractions, particularly preferably 0.01 to 3 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on an inorganic mixed oxide containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide are used per 100 mass fractions of at least one polyamide, with the stipulation that ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number beginning with "2" of the RAL color chart.

[0036] The preparation of polyamide-based polymer compositions according to the invention for the manufacture of products, preferably high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, is carried out by mixing the components to be used as starting materials A) at least one polyamide with B) at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide in at least one mixing tool, wherein 0.01 to 5 mass parts, particularly preferably 0.01 to 3 mass parts of component B) are used for every 100 mass parts of component A), and the products, high-voltage components or high-voltage components for electromobility have a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" of the RAL color chart.

[0037] Mixing yields molding compounds based on the polymer compositions according to the invention as intermediate products. These molding compounds can consist exclusively of components A) and B), or can contain at least one additional component besides components A) and B). In the case of high-voltage components according to the invention or high-voltage components for electromobility, at least one additional component is added with the stipulation that ΔE <30 is found at the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number beginning with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0038] For the reasons mentioned above, the use of antimony-based components, in particular the use of antimony trioxide-containing derivatives, is preferably avoided. Further preferred embodiments of the invention

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the Polymer compositions In addition to components A) and B), at least one C) Filler and / or reinforcing material,preferably to 1 to 150 mass fractions, particularly preferably to 5 to 80 mass fractions, most preferably to 10 to 50 mass fractions, each based on 100 mass fractions of component A).

[0040] In a further preferred embodiment, the Polymer compositions In addition to components A), B) and C) or instead of C) also D), at least one Flame retardants, preferably in 3 to 100 mass fractions, particularly preferably in 5 to 80 mass fractions, most preferably in 10 to 50 mass fractions, each based on 100 mass fractions of component A

[0041] In a further preferred embodiment, the Polymer compositions In addition to components A), B), C), D) or instead of C) and / or D), at least one further component E) of components B), C) and D) contain different additives,preferably to 0.01 to 80 mass fractions, particularly preferably to 0.05 to 50 mass fractions, most preferably to 0.1 to 30 mass fractions, each based on 100 mass fractions of component A). Component A)

[0042] The components A) to be used according to the invention Polyamide Polyamides can be produced using various methods and synthesized from different building blocks. A multitude of processes have become known for the production of polyamides, whereby, depending on the desired end product, different monomer building blocks, various chain regulators to adjust a target molecular weight, or even monomers with reactive groups for subsequent post-treatments can be used.

[0043] The technically relevant processes for the production of polyamides mostly involve polycondensation in the melt. In this context, the hydrolytic polymerization of lactams is also understood as polycondensation.

[0044] Suitable starting materials include aliphatic and / or aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethyladipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, aliphatic and / or aromatic diamines such as tetramethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylenediamine, the isomeric diaminodicyclohexylmethanes, diaminodicyclohexylpropanes, bisaminomethylcyclohexane, phenylenediamines, xylylenediamines, aminocarboxylic acids such as aminocaproic acid, or the corresponding lactams. Caprolactams, especially ε-caprolactam, are particularly preferred. Copolyamides consisting of several of the aforementioned monomers are also included.

[0045] Preferred polyamides are semi-crystalline polyamides that can be produced starting from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and / or lactams with at least 5 ring members or corresponding amino acids.

[0046] Particularly preferred polyamides are polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 46 and / or partially aromatic copolyamides. Preferred partially aromatic copolyamides are PA6T / 6, PA6T / 66, PA6T / 6I or PAGT / 6I / 66.

[0047] According to the invention, particularly preferred polyamides are polyamide 6 and polyamide 66, with polyamide 6 being particularly preferred.

[0048] The invention therefore preferably relates to high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, based on polymer compositions containing as component A) 100 mass parts of polyamide 6 or polyamide 66 and 0.01 to 5 mass parts, particularly preferably 0.01 to 3 mass parts, as component B) a pigment system to be used based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide with the stipulation of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" of the RAL color chart.

[0049] The designation of the polyamides used in the present application complies with the international standard ISO 1874-1,where the first digit(s) indicate the number of carbon atoms in the starting diamine and the last digit(s) indicate the number of carbon atoms in the dicarboxylic acid. If only one number is given, as in the case of PA6, this means that an α,ω-aminocarboxylic acid or the lactam derived from it, in the case of PA6, ε-caprolactam, was used as the starting material.

[0050] The PA6 [CAS No. 25038-54-4], which according to the invention is particularly preferably used as component A), preferably has a ISO 307 The viscosity number to be determined in a 0.5 wt% solution in 96 wt% sulfuric acid at 25 °C is in the range of 80 to 180 ml / g, particularly preferably in the range of 85 to 160 ml / g and most preferably in the range of 90 to 140 ml / g. Polyamide 6, preferably to be used as component A) according to the invention, is available, for example, as Durethan® < B26 from Lanxess Deutschland GmbH, Cologne.

[0051] Preferably, a polyamide 66 [CAS No. 32131-17-2] to be used as component A) has a ISO 307 The viscosity of a 0.5 wt% solution in 96 wt% sulfuric acid at 25 °C is determined to be in the range of 80 to 180 ml / g, most preferably in the range of 85 to 160 ml / g, and particularly preferably in the range of 90 to 140 ml / g. The polyamide 66 to be used as component A) according to the invention is available, for example, as Ultramid® < A24E01 from BASF SE, Ludwigshafen.

[0052] The polyamide used as component A) according to the invention can also be used in a mixture with at least one other polyamide, as a copolyamide, and / or with at least one other polymer. Preferred other polymers are selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS). In the case of the use of at least one further polyamide or at least one other polymer, this is preferably or optionally carried out with the use of at least one compatibilizer.

[0053] The polyamide to be used as component A) can have conventional additives, preferably demolding agents, stabilizers and / or flow aids known to those skilled in the art, already added to the melt. Component B)

[0054] According to the invention, at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide is used as component B). A pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide, which can be used according to the invention, is known from EP 0 113 229 B1, as is its preparation. The pigment based on inorganic mixed oxides, which can be used as component B) according to the invention, is also referred to as a pigment system in EP 0 113 229 B1, which is why both terms are used synonymously in the present description.

[0055] The inorganic mixed oxides, also referred to as complexes in EP 0 113 229 B1, are based on tin oxide(s), titanium dioxide and zinc oxide(s).

[0056] According to the invention, polymer compositions or high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, are preferred, containing as component B) pigment systems or laser marking additives in the form of mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide with the requirement of a ΔE <10, in particular a ΔE <5, to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number of the RAL color chart beginning with "2".

[0057] Particularly preferred as component B) are pigment systems or laser marking additives containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide, and zinc oxide of CAS No. 923954-49-8. According to the invention, CI Pigment Orange 82 [CAS No. 2170864-77-2] or CI Pigment Yellow 216 [CAS No. 817181-98-9] are particularly preferred as component B). Regarding the CI classification, see: https: / / de.wikipedia.org / wiki / Colour_Index.

[0058] Pigment Orange 82, for example, can be obtained under the name Sicopal® < Orange K2430 from BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Pigment Yellow 216, for example, can be obtained under the name Orange 10P340 from Shepherd, Ghent, Belgium.

[0059] According to the invention, the at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides of titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, to be used as component B), can be used individually or in a mixture with at least one further inorganic mixed oxide of titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, with the requirement of a ΔE <30 for a color number beginning with a "2" in the RAL color chart, preferably for one of the color numbers RAL 2000, RAL 2003, RAL 2004, RAL 2007, RAL 2008, RAL 2009, RAL 2010 or RAL 2011, particularly preferably for one of the color numbers RAL 2003, RAL 2004, RAL 2008 or RAL 2009, and most preferably for the color number RAL 2003.

[0060] The component B) to be used according to the invention can be incorporated directly as a powder, or in the form of a paste, masterbatch, compact, or concentrate into component A), with masterbatches being preferred and masterbatches in a polymer matrix corresponding to the respective component A) being particularly preferred. Those skilled in the art understand the term masterbatch to mean plastic additives in the form of granules, here with a higher content of colorants or additives than in the final application. They are added to the polymer or plastic (raw polymer) for coloring or to modify its properties. In contrast to powdered additives, masterbatches increase the technical process reliability and are also easy to process. Component C)

[0061] In a preferred embodiment, at least one component C) is used. Filler or reinforcing agentused. Mixtures of two or more different fillers or reinforcing agents can also be used.

[0062] Preferably, at least one filler or reinforcing material is selected from the group consisting of carbon fibers [CAS No. 7440-44-0], glass spheres or solid or hollow glass spheres, glass fibers, ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminum borosilicate glass with an alkali content of 1% (E-glass) [CAS No. 65997-17-3], amorphous silica [CAS No. 7631-86-9], quartz flour [CAS No. 14808-60-7], calcium silicate [CAS No. 1344-95-2], calcium metasilicate [CAS No. 10101-39-0], magnesium carbonate [CAS No. 546-93-0], kaolin [CAS No. 1332-58-7], calcined kaolin [CAS No. 92704-41-1], chalk. [CAS No. 1317-65-3], kyanite [CAS No. 1302-76-7], powdered or ground quartz [CAS No. 14808-60-7], mica [CAS No. 1318-94-1], phlogopite [CAS No. 12251-00-2], barium sulfate [CAS No. 7727-43-7], feldspar [CAS No. 68476-25-5], wollastonite [CAS No. 13983-17-0], montmorillonite [CAS No. 67479-91-8], pseudoboehmite of the formula AlO(OH), magnesium carbonate [CAS No. 12125-28-9] and talc [CAS No. 14807-96-6] are used.

[0063] Among the fibrous fillers or reinforcing materials, glass fibers and wollastonite are particularly preferred, with glass fibers being especially preferred. Carbon fibers can also be used as fillers or reinforcing materials.

[0064] Regarding the optical fibers, the expert distinguishes according to "http: / / de.wikipedia.org / wiki / Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund"Cut fibers, also known as short fibers, have a length of 0.1 to 1 mm; long fibers have a length of 1 to 50 mm; and continuous fibers have a length L > 50 mm. Short fibers are primarily used in injection molding and can be processed directly with an extruder. Long fibers can also be processed in extruders and are widely used in fiber spraying. Long fibers are frequently added to thermosets as a filler. Continuous fibers are used as rovings or woven fabrics in fiber-reinforced plastics. Products made with continuous fibers achieve the highest stiffness and strength values. Ground glass fibers are also available, with a typical length after grinding of 70 to 200 µm.

[0065] According to the invention, the optical fibers preferably used as component C) are cut long glass fibers with a mean initial length in the range of 1 to 50 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 1 to 10 mm, and most preferably in the range of 2 to 7 mm, which is to be determined by laser diffractometry according to ISO 13320. For laser diffraction particle size determination / laser diffractometry according to ISO 13320, see: https: / / de.wikipedia.org / wiki / Laserbeugungs-Partikelgr%C3%B6%C3%9Fenanalyse

[0066] Preferred optical fibers to be used as component C) have a profile determined by laser diffractometry according to ISO 13320 The mean fiber diameter to be determined is in the range of 7 to 18 µm, particularly preferably in the range of 9 to 15 µm.

[0067] The fillers to be used as component C), preferably glass fibers, are in a preferred embodiment equipped with a suitable sizing system or an adhesion promoter or adhesion promoter system. A silane-based sizing system or adhesion promoter is preferably used. Particularly preferred silane-based adhesion promoters for the treatment of component C), especially for the treatment of glass fibers, are silane compounds of the general formula (I) (X-(CH₂)q)k-Si-(O-CrH₂R+I)4-k (I) wherein X for NH2, carboxyl, HO or qin formula (I) represents an integer from 2 to 10, preferably 3 to 4, rin formula (I) represents an integer from 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 2, and kin formula (I) represents an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 1.

[0068] Particularly preferred adhesion promoters are silane compounds from the group consisting of aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, aminobutyltrimethoxysilane, aminopropyltriethoxysilane, aminobutyltriethoxysilane and the corresponding silanes, which contain a glycidyl or a carboxyl group as substituent X, with carboxyl groups being particularly preferred.

[0069] For the treatment of the fillers to be used as component C), preferably glass fibers, the adhesion promoter, preferably the silane compounds according to formula (I), is used preferably in amounts in the range of 0.05 to 2 wt.%, particularly preferably in amounts in the range of 0.25 to 1.5 wt.% and most preferably in amounts in the range of 0.5 to 1 wt.%, each based on 100 wt.% component C).

[0070] The glass fibers preferably used as component C) may be shorter in the composition or product than the originally used glass fibers due to processing. Thus, the arithmetic mean of the glass fiber length, determined by high-resolution X-ray computed tomography, is often only in the range of 150 µm to 300 µm after processing.

[0071] According to "http: / / www.rg.de / wiki / Glasfasern" Glass fibers are produced using melt spinning processes (nozzle drawing, rod drawing, and nozzle blowing). In the nozzle drawing process, the hot glass mass flows through hundreds of nozzle holes in a platinum spinning plate, utilizing gravity. The elementary fibers can be drawn to unlimited lengths at a speed of 3–4 km / minute.

[0072] Experts distinguish between different types of fiberglass, some of which are listed here: E-glass, the most widely used material with an optimal price-performance ratio (E-glass from R&G) H-glass, hollow glass fibers for reduced weight (R&G hollow glass fiber fabric 160 g / m²< and 216 g / m²<) R, S-glass, for increased mechanical requirements (S2-glass from R&G) D-glass, borosilicate glass for increased electrical requirements C-glass, with increased chemical resistance Quartz glass, with high temperature resistance

[0073] Further examples can be found at "http: / / de.wikipedia.org / wiki / Glasfaser"E-glass fibers have become the most important type for reinforcing plastics. E stands for electrical glass, as it was originally used primarily in the electrical industry. E-glass is produced by melting pure quartz glass with additives of limestone, kaolin, and boric acid. In addition to silicon dioxide, it contains varying amounts of different metal oxides. The composition determines the properties of the products. According to the invention, at least one type of glass fiber from the group consisting of E-glass, H-glass, R,S-glass, D-glass, C-glass, and quartz glass is preferably used, with E-glass glass being particularly preferred.

[0074] E-glass fibers are the most widely used reinforcing material. Their strength properties are comparable to those of metals (e.g., aluminum alloys), although the specific gravity of laminates containing E-glass fibers is lower than that of the metals. E-glass fibers are non-combustible, heat-resistant up to approximately 400 °C, and resistant to most chemicals and weathering.

[0075] Preferably, needle-shaped mineral fillers are also used as component C). According to the invention, needle-shaped mineral fillers are defined as mineral fillers with a pronounced needle-shaped character. Wollastonite is a preferred needle-shaped mineral filler used as component C). The needle-shaped mineral filler preferably has a length-to-diameter ratio, determined by high-resolution X-ray computed tomography, in the range of 2:1 to 35:1, particularly preferably in the range of 3:1 to 19:1, and most preferably in the range of 4:1 to 12:1. The mean particle size of the needle-shaped mineral fillers, determined by high-resolution X-ray computed tomography, is preferably less than 20 µm, particularly preferably less than 15 µm, and most preferably less than 10 µm.

[0076] However, non-fibrous and non-foamed ground glass with a properties determined by laser diffractometry according to is also preferred as component C). ISO 13320 The particle size distribution to be determined is determined using a d90 in the range of 5 to 250 µm, preferably with a d90 in the range of 10 to 150 µm, particularly preferably with a d90 in the range of 15 to 80 µm, and most preferably with a d90 in the range of 16 to 25 µm. Regarding the d90 values, their determination, and their significance, reference is made to Chemie Ingenieur Technik (72) pp. 273-276, 3 / 2000, Wiley-VCH Verlags GmbH, Weinheim, 2000, according to which the d90 value is the particle size below which 90% of the particle quantity lies.

[0077] According to the invention, a non-fibrous and non-foamed ground glass of particulate, non-cylindrical shape with a structure determined by laser diffractometry according to ISO 13320The length-to-thickness ratio to be determined must be less than 5, preferably less than 3, and particularly preferably less than 2. The value zero is of course excluded.

[0078] The non-foamed and non-fibrous ground glass, which is particularly preferred in one embodiment as component C), is further characterized in that it does not have the glass geometry typical of fibrous glass with a cylindrical or oval cross-section, as determined by laser diffractometry according to ISO 13320 has a length-to-diameter ratio (L / D ratio) greater than 5.

[0079] The non-foamed and non-fibrous ground glass, which is particularly preferred as component C) in one embodiment according to the invention, is preferably obtained by grinding glass with a mill, preferably a ball mill, and particularly preferably with subsequent classification or sieving. Preferred starting materials for grinding the non-fibrous and non-foamed ground glass, which is used as component C) in one embodiment, also include glass waste, such as that which arises in particular during the manufacture of glass products as an undesired by-product and / or as a main product that does not meet specifications (so-called off-spec material). This includes in particular waste, recycled, and broken glass, such as that which can arise particularly during the manufacture of window or bottle glass, as well as during the manufacture of glass-containing fillers and reinforcing materials, especially in the form of so-called melt cakes.The glass can be colored, but uncolored glass is preferred as the starting material for use as component C). Component D)

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, at least one flame retardant is used as component D). Flame retardants Component C) consists of various mineral flame retardants, nitrogen-containing flame retardants or phosphorus-containing flame retardants.

[0081] Among mineral flame retardants, magnesium hydroxide is particularly preferred. Magnesium hydroxide [CAS No. 1309-42-8] may be contaminated due to its origin and manufacturing process. Typical impurities include, for example, silicon-, iron-, calcium-, and / or aluminum-containing species, which may be incorporated into the magnesium hydroxide crystals, for instance, in the form of oxides. The magnesium hydroxide used as a mineral flame retardant may be uncoated or coated. A coating promotes the mechanical bond between the polymer (matrix) and the component to be coated, thus improving the quality. Preferably, the magnesium hydroxide used as a mineral flame retardant is coated with sizing based on stearates or aminosiloxanes, particularly preferably with aminosiloxanes.Magnesium hydroxide, preferably used as a mineral flame retardant, has a properties determined by laser diffractometry according to . ISO 13320 The mean particle size d50 to be determined is in the range of 0.5 µm to 6 µm, wherein a d50 in the range of 0.7 µm to 3.8 µm is preferred and a d50 in the range of 1.0 µm to 2.6 µm is particularly preferred.

[0082] Magnesium hydroxide types suitable as mineral flame retardants according to the invention include, for example, Magnifin ®< H5IV from Martinswerk GmbH, Bergheim, Germany or Hidromag ®< Q2015 TC from Penoles, Mexico City, Mexico.

[0083] Preferred nitrogen-containing flame retardants are the reaction products of trichlorotriazine, piperazine, and morpholine according to CAS No. 1078142-02-5, in particular MCA PPM Triazine HF from MCA Technologies GmbH, Biel-Benken, Switzerland, as well as melamine cyanurate and condensation products of melamine, in particular melem, melam, melon, or higher-condensed compounds of this type. Preferred inorganic nitrogen-containing compounds are ammonium salts.

[0084] Furthermore, salts of aliphatic and aromatic sulfonic acids and mineral flame retardant additives, in particular aluminum hydroxide or Ca-Mg carbonate hydrates, may also be used. ( DE-A 4 236 122 ) be used.

[0085] Flame retardant synergists from the group of oxygen-, nitrogen-, or sulfur-containing metal compounds are also suitable for use as component D). Zinc-free compounds are preferred, in particular molybdenum oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, titanium nitride, magnesium nitride, calcium phosphate, calcium borate, magnesium borate, or mixtures thereof.

[0086] In an alternative embodiment, zinc-containing compounds can also be used as component D), if required. These preferably include zinc oxide, zinc borate, zinc stannate, zinc hydroxystannate, zinc sulfide and zinc nitride, or mixtures thereof.

[0087] Preferred phosphorus-containing flame retardants are organic metal phosphinates, aluminum salts of phosphonic acid, red phosphorus, inorganic metal hypophosphites, metal phosphonates, derivatives of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxides (DOPO derivatives), resorcinol bis-(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) including oligomers, bisphenol A bis-diphenyl phosphate (BDP) including oligomers, melamine pyrophosphate, melamine polyphosphate, melamine poly(aluminum phosphate), melamine poly(zinc phosphate) or phenoxyphosphazene oligomers and mixtures thereof.

[0088] A preferred organic metal phosphinate is aluminum tris(diethyl phosphinate). A preferred inorganic metal hypophosphite is aluminum hypophosphite.

[0089] Other flame retardants to be used as component D) are carbon formers, particularly preferably phenol-formaldehyde resins, polycarbonates, polyimides, polysulfones, polyethersulfones or polyetherketones, as well as anti-drip agents, in particular tetrafluoroethylene polymers.

[0090] The flame retardants to be used as component D) can be added in pure form, as well as via masterbatches or compacts of component A).

[0091] In an alternative embodiment, halogenated flame retardants can also be used as flame retardants – if required, taking into account the disadvantages of losing the halogen-free status of the flame retardants. Preferred halogenated flame retardants are commercially available organic halogen compounds, particularly preferably ethylene-1,2-bistetrabromophthalimide, decabromodiphenylethane, tetrabromobisphenol A epoxy oligomer, tetrabromobisphenol A oligocarbonate, tetrachlorobisphenol A oligocarbonate, polypentabrombenzyl acrylate, brominated polystyrene, or brominated polyphenylene ethers, which can be used alone or in combination with synergists, with brominated polystyrene being particularly preferred among the halogenated flame retardants. Brominated polystyrene is preferably used in a concentration of 10–30 wt.%, and particularly preferably in a concentration of 15–25 wt.%.% used, each in relation to the total composition, wherein at least one of the other components is reduced to such an extent that the sum of all weight percent always equals 100.

[0092] In another alternative embodiment, antimony trioxide and antimony pentoxide can also be used as flame retardant synergists – provided that the need requires it and taking into account the disadvantages described at the beginning with regard to the hazard classification H351.

[0093] Brominated polystyrene is commercially available in various product grades. Examples include Firemaster® < PBS64 from Lanxess, Cologne, Germany, and Saytex® < HP-3010 from Albemarle, Baton Rouge, USA.

[0094] Among the flame retardants to be used as component D), aluminium tris(diethylphosphinate)] [CAS No. 225789-38-8] and the combination of aluminium tris(diethylphosphinate) and melamine polyphosphate or the combination of aluminium tris(diethylphosphinate) and at least one aluminium salt of phosphonic acid are particularly preferred, the latter combination being especially preferred.

[0095] In the case of combinations of aluminium tris(diethylphosphinate) and melamine polyphosphate or of aluminium tris(diethylphosphinate) and at least one aluminium salt of phosphonic acid, the proportion of aluminium tris(diethylphosphinate) is preferably in the range of 40 to 90 parts by weight, particularly preferably in the range of 50 to 80 parts by weight, and most preferably in the range of 60 to 70 parts by weight, in each case based on 100 parts by weight of the combination of aluminium tris(diethylphosphinate) and melamine polyphosphate or of the combination of aluminium tris(diethylphosphinate) and at least one aluminium salt of phosphonic acid.

[0096] Aluminum tris(diethylphosphinate) to be used as component D) is known to those skilled in the art as Exolit® < OP1230 or Exolit® < OP1240 from Clariant International Ltd., Muttenz, Switzerland. Melamine polyphosphate is commercially available in various product grades. Examples include Melapur® < 200 / 70 from BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany, and Budit® < 3141 from Budenheim, Budenheim, Germany.

[0097] Preferred aluminum salts of phosphonic acid are selected from the group primary aluminum phosphonate [Al(H₂PO₃)₃], basic aluminum phosphonate [Al(OH)H₂PO₃)₂·2H₂O], Al₂(HPO₃)₃·xAl₂O₃·nH₂O with x in the range of 2.27 to 1 and n in the range of 0 to 4, Al₂(HPO₃)₃·(H₂O)q of formula (II) with q in the range of 0 to 4, in particular aluminum phosphonate tetrahydrate [Al₂(HPO₃)₃·4H₂O] or secondary aluminum phosphonate [Al₂(HPO₃)₃], Al₂Mz(HPO₃)y(OH)v·(H₂O)w of formula (III) wherein M denotes alkali metal ion(s) and z in the range of 0.01 to 1.5, y in the range from 2.63 - 3.5, v in the range of 0 to 2 and w in the range of 0 to 4, and Al 2 (HPO 3 ) u (H 2 PO 3 ) t · (H 2 O) s of formula (IV), wherein u is in the range of 2 to 2.99, t is in the range of 2 to 0.01 and s is in the range of 0 to 4, wherein in formula (III) z, y and v and in formula (IV) u and t can only take such numbers that the corresponding aluminium salt of phosphonic acid as a whole is uncharged.

[0098] Preferred alkali metals M in formula (III) are sodium and potassium.

[0099] The described aluminum salts of phosphonic acid can be used individually or in a mixture.

[0100] Particularly preferred aluminum salts of phosphonic acid are selected from the group primary aluminum phosphonate [Al(H2PO3)3], secondary aluminum phosphonate [Al2(HPO3)3], basic aluminum phosphonate [Al(OH)H2PO3)2·2H2O], aluminum phosphonate tetrahydrate [Al2(HPO3)3·4H2O] and Al2(HPO3)3·xAl2O3·nH2O with x in the range of 2.27 to 1 and n in the range of 0 to 4.

[0101] Particularly preferred are secondary aluminium phosphonate Al 2 (HPO 3 ) 3 [CAS No. 71449-76-8] and secondary aluminium phosphonate tetrahydrate Al 2 (HPO 3 ) 3 ·4H 2 O [CAS No. 156024-71-4], especially preferred is secondary aluminium phosphonate Al 2 (HPO 3 ) 3 .

[0102] The preparation of aluminum salts of phosphonic acid, to be used as component D) according to the invention, is described, for example, in WO 2013 / 083247 A1. It is typically carried out by reacting an aluminum source, preferably aluminum isopropoxide, aluminum nitrate, aluminum chloride, or aluminum hydroxide, with a phosphorus source, preferably phosphonic acid, ammonium phosphonate, or alkali phosphonate, and optionally with a template in a solvent at 20 to 200°C for a period of up to 4 days. For this purpose, the aluminum source and phosphorus source are mixed, heated under hydrothermal conditions or under reflux, filtered, washed, and dried. Preferred templates are 1,6-hexanediamine, guanidine carbonate, or ammonia. The preferred solvent is water. Component E)

[0103] Component E) comprises at least one additional additive different from components B) to D). Preferred additives for use as component E) include antioxidants, thermostabilizers, UV stabilizers, gamma-ray stabilizers, water absorption reducers or hydrolysis stabilizers, antistatic agents, emulsifiers, nucleating agents, plasticizers, processing aids, impact modifiers, lubricants and / or demolding agents, water absorption reducers, flow aids or elastomer modifiers, chain-extending additives, colorants different from components B), and, where required, additional laser absorbers. The additives can be used alone or in mixtures or in the form of masterbatches.

[0104] Preferred ThermostabilizersComponent E) consists of sterically hindered phenols, in particular those containing at least one 2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl group and / or 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl group, as well as phosphites, hypophosphites, in particular sodium hypophosphite NaH₂PO₄, hydroquinones, aromatic secondary amines, substituted resorcinols, salicylates, benzotriazoles and benzophenones, 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid esters and various substituted representatives of these groups or mixtures thereof.

[0105] In one embodiment, copper salts, preferably in combination with sodium hypophosphite (NaH₂PO₄), can also be used as thermostabilizers for component E). Preferably, copper(I) iodide [CAS No. 7681-65-4] and / or copper(triphenylphosphino) iodide [CAS No. 47107-74-4] are used as the copper salt. Preferably, the copper salts are used in combination with sodium hypophosphite (NaH₂PO₄) or with at least one alkali iodide. Potassium iodide [CAS No. 7681-11-0] is preferred as the alkali iodide.

[0106] Thermostabilizers to be used as component E) are preferably used in proportions of 0.01 to 2 mass fractions, and particularly preferably in proportions of 0.05 to 1 mass fraction, in each case based on 100 mass fractions of component A).

[0107] to be used as component E) UV stabilizersPreferably substituted resorcinols, salicylates, benzotriazoles and benzophenones, HALS derivatives ("Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers") containing at least one 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl unit or benzophenones are used.

[0108] UV stabilizers to be used as component E) are preferably used in amounts of 0.01 to 2 mass fractions, particularly preferably in amounts of 0.1 to 1 mass fraction, in each case based on 100 mass fractions of component A).

[0109] Component E) to be used and different from component B) colorantIn one embodiment, inorganic pigments are preferably used, particularly ultramarine blue, bismuth vanadate [CAS No. 14059-33-7], iron oxide [CAS No. 1309-37-1], titanium dioxide [CAS No. 13463-67-7 (rutile) or CAS No. 1317-70-0 (anatase)], barium sulfate [CAS No. 7727-43-7], zinc sulfide [CAS No. 1314-98-3], or sulfides containing cerium. Preferred sulfides containing cerium are cerium(III) sulfide (Ce₂S₃) [CAS No. 12014-93-6], also known as CI Pigment Orange 75, or Cerium(III) sulfide / Lanthanum(III) sulfide (Ce 2 S 3 / La 2 S 3 ) [CAS No. 12014-93-6 ; CAS No. 12031-49-1] also known as CI Pigment Orange 78. Barium sulfate is particularly preferred.

[0110] Component E) to be used and different from component B) colorantIn one embodiment, organic colorants are preferably used, particularly phthalocyanines, quinacridones, benzimidazoles, especially Ni-2-hydroxy-naphthyl-benzimidazole [CAS No. 42844-93-9] and / or pyrimidine azo-benzimidazole [CAS No. 72102-84-2] and / or Pigment Yellow 192 [CAS No. 56279-27-7], as well as perylenes, anthraquinones, especially CI Solvent Yellow 163 [CAS No. 13676-91-0].

[0111] The list of inorganic or organic substances to be used as component E) is not exhaustive.

[0112] In one embodiment, soot or nigrosine can also be used as a colorant, if required.

[0113] In a preferred embodiment, titanium dioxide is used as a colorant for component E) titanium white, also known as Pigment White 6 or CI 77891.

[0114] to be used as component E) Nucleating agentSodium or calcium phenylphosphinate, aluminium oxide or silicon dioxide, and especially talc, are preferably used, although this list is not exhaustive.

[0115] to be used as component E) Flow aidsCopolymers of at least one α-olefin with at least one methacrylic acid ester or acrylic acid ester of an aliphatic alcohol are preferably used. Copolymers in which the α-olefin is composed of ethene and / or propene and the methacrylic acid ester or acrylic acid ester contains linear or branched alkyl groups with 6 to 20 carbon atoms as the alcohol component are particularly preferred. Acrylic acid (2-ethyl)hexyl ester is especially preferred. Copolymers suitable as flow aids are characterized not only by their composition but also by their low molecular weight. Accordingly, for the polymer compositions to be protected from thermal degradation according to the invention, copolymers are particularly suitable that have a minimum molecular weight index (MFI) of at least 100 g / 10 min, preferably at least 150 g / 10 min, and most preferably at least 300 g / 10 min, measured at 190°C and a load of 2.16 kg.The MFI, Melt Flow Index, is used to characterize the flow of a thermoplastic melt and is subject to standards. ISO 1133 or ASTM D 1238. In particular, a copolymer of ethene and acrylic acid (2-ethyl)hexyl ester with MFI 550, known as Lotryl ®< 37EH550, is preferably used as a flow aid.

[0116] to be used as component E) chain-extending additivesPreferably, di- or multifunctional branching or chain-extending additives containing at least two branching or chain-extending functional groups per molecule are used. Low-molecular-weight or oligomeric compounds are preferred as branching or chain-extending additives, provided they possess at least two chain-extending functional groups per molecule that can react with primary and / or secondary amino groups, and / or amide groups, and / or carboxylic acid groups. Preferably, chain-extending functional groups include isocyanates, alcohols, blocked isocyanates, epoxides, maleic anhydride, oxazolines, oxazines, and oxazolones, with epoxides being particularly preferred.

[0117] Particularly preferred di- or multifunctional branching or chain-extending additives are diepoxides based on diglycidyl ethers (bisphenol and epichlorohydrin), on amine epoxy resin (aniline and epichlorohydrin), on diglycidyl esters (cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids and epichlorohydrin) individually or in mixtures, as well as 2,2-bis[p-hydroxyphenyl]-propane diglycidyl ether, bis-[p-(N-methyl-N-2,3-epoxy-propylamino)-phenyl]-methane and epoxidized fatty acid esters of glycerol, containing at least two epoxide groups per molecule.

[0118] Particularly preferred di- or multifunctional branching or chain-extending additives are glycidyl ethers, most preferably bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers [CAS No. 98460-24-3] or epoxidized fatty acid esters of glycerol, as well as most preferably epoxidized soybean oil [CAS No. 8013-07-8] and / or epoxidized linseed oil.

[0119] Preferably to be used as component E) Plasticizers These include phthalic acid dioctyl esters, phthalic acid dibenzyl esters, phthalic acid butylbenzyl esters, hydrocarbon oils or N-(n-butyl)benzenesulfonamide.

[0120] Preferably to be used as component E) Elastomer modifiers include, among other things, one or more graft polymers of E.1 5 to 95 wt.%, preferably 30 to 90 wt.%, of at least one vinyl monomer and E.2 95 to 5 wt.%, preferably 70 to 10 wt.% of one or more graft bases with glass transition temperatures < 10°C, preferably < 0°C, particularly preferably < -20°C, wherein the wt.% refer to 100 wt.% elastomer modifier.

[0121] The graft base E.2 generally has a laser diffractometry result according to ISO 13320 The mean particle size to be determined is the d50 value in the range of 0.05 to 10 µm, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 µm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.2 to 1 µm.

[0122] Monomers to E.1 are preferably mixtures of E.1.1 50 to 99 wt.% vinyl aromatics and / or core-substituted vinyl aromatics, in particular styrene, α-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, p-chlorostyrene, and / or methacrylic acid (C 1 -C 8 ) alkyl esters, in particular. Methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate) and E.1.2 1 to 50 wt.% vinyl cyanides, in particular unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, and / or (meth)acrylic acid (C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl esters, in particular methyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, and / or derivatives, in particular anhydrides and imides of unsaturated carboxylic acids, in particular maleic anhydride or N-phenyl maleimide, wherein the wt. percent refer to 100 wt.% elastomer modifier.

[0123] Preferred monomers E.1.1 are to be selected from at least one of the monomers styrene, α-methylstyrene, and methyl methacrylate; preferred monomers E.1.2 are to be selected from at least one of the monomers acrylonitrile, maleic anhydride, glycidyl methacrylate, and methyl methacrylate. Particularly preferred monomers are E.1.1 styrene and E.1.2 acrylonitrile.

[0124] Suitable graft bases for the graft polymers used in the elastomer modifiers include, for example, diene rubbers, EPDM rubbers (i.e., those based on ethylene / propylene and, if applicable, diene), as well as acrylate, polyurethane, silicone, chloroprene, and ethylene / vinyl acetate rubbers. EPDM stands for ethylene-propylene-diene rubber.

[0125] Preferred graft bases E.2 are diene rubbers, in particular based on butadiene, isoprene, etc., or mixtures of diene rubbers or copolymers of diene rubbers or their mixtures with further copolymerizable monomers, in particular according to E.1.1 and E.1.2, provided that the glass transition temperature of component E.2 is <10°C, preferably <0°C, particularly preferably <-10°C.

[0126] Particularly preferred graft bases E.2 are ABS polymers (emulsion, bulk, and suspension ABS), where ABS stands for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, as described, for example, in DE-A 2 035 390 or in DE-A 2 248 242 or in Ullmann, Encyclopedia of Technical Chemistry, Vol. 19 (1980), pp. 277–295. The gel content of the graft base E.2 is preferably at least 30 wt.%, particularly preferably at least 40 wt.% (measured in toluene).

[0127] The elastomer modifiers or graft polymers to be used as component E) are produced by radical polymerization, preferably by emulsion, suspension, solution or bulk polymerization, in particular by emulsion or bulk polymerization.

[0128] Particularly suitable grafting rubbers are also ABS polymers, which are produced by redox initiation with an initiator system of organic hydroperoxide and ascorbic acid according to US-A 4 937 285.

[0129] Since, as is known, the graft monomers are not necessarily completely grafted onto the graft base during the grafting reaction, according to the invention, graft polymers are also understood to be products that are obtained by (co)polymerization of the graft monomers in the presence of the graft base and are produced during the work-up.

[0130] Suitable acrylic rubbers are also based on graft bases E.2, which preferably consist of polymers of acrylic acid alkyl esters, optionally with up to 40 wt%, based on E.2, other polymerizable, ethylene-unsaturated monomers. Preferred polymerizable acrylic acid esters include C1-C8 alkyl esters, preferably methyl, ethyl, butyl, n-octyl, and 2-ethylhexyl esters; halogenated alkyl esters, preferably halogenated C1-C8 alkyl esters, such as chloroethyl acrylate, glycidyl esters, and mixtures of these monomers. Graft polymers with butyl acrylate as the core and methyl methacrylates as the shell, especially Paraloid® < EXL2300, Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, Michigan, USA, are particularly preferred.

[0131] As an alternative to ethylene-unsaturated monomers, monomers with more than one polymerizable double bond can be copolymerized for crosslinking. Preferred crosslinking monomers are esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with 3 to 8 carbon atoms and unsaturated monohydric alcohols with 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or saturated polyols with 2 to 4 OH groups and 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, allyl methacrylate; polyunsaturated heterocyclic compounds, preferably trivinyl and triallyl cyanurate; polyfunctional vinyl compounds, preferably di- and trivinylbenzenes; but also triallyl phosphate and diallyl phthalate.

[0132] Particularly preferred crosslinking monomers are allyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diallyl phthalate and heterocyclic compounds having at least 3 ethylene unsaturated groups.

[0133] Particularly preferred crosslinking monomers are the cyclic monomers triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, triacryloyl hexahydro-s-triazine, and triallylbenzenes. The amount of crosslinked monomers is preferably 0.02 to 5 wt.%, and in particular 0.05 to 2 wt.%, based on the graft base E.2.

[0134] For cyclic crosslinking monomers with at least 3 ethylene unsaturated groups, it is advantageous to limit the amount to less than 1 wt% of the graft base E.2.

[0135] Preferred "other" polymerizable, ethylene-unsaturated monomers, which, in addition to the acrylic acid esters, may optionally serve to prepare the graft base E.2, are acrylonitrile, styrene, α-methylstyrene, acrylamides, vinyl C1-C6 alkyl ethers, methyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, and butadiene. Preferred acrylate rubbers as graft base E.2 are emulsion polymers having a gel content of at least 60 wt%.

[0136] Other preferably suitable grafting bases according to E.2 are silicone rubbers with grafting-active sites, as described in DE-A 3 704 657 , DE-A 3 704 655 , DE-A 3 631 540 and DE-A 3 631 539 are described.

[0137] Preferred graft polymers containing a silicone component are those comprising methyl methacrylate or styrene-acrylonitrile as a shell and a silicone / acrylate graft as a core. The styrene-acrylonitrile preferably used as a shell is Metablen® < SRK200. The methyl methacrylate preferably used as a shell is Metablen® < S2001, Metablen® < S2030, or Metablen® < SX-005. Metablen® < S2001 is particularly preferred. The products sold under the trade name Metablen® < are available from Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.

[0138] For crosslinking, monomers with more than one polymerizable double bond can be copolymerized. Preferred examples of crosslinking monomers are esters of unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with 3 to 8 carbon atoms and unsaturated monohydric alcohols with 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or saturated polyols with 2 to 4 OH groups and 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, allyl methacrylate; polyunsaturated heterocyclic compounds, preferably trivinyl and triallyl cyanurate; polyfunctional vinyl compounds, preferably di- and trivinylbenzenes; but also triallyl phosphate and diallyl phthalate.

[0139] Preferred crosslinking monomers are allyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, diallyl phthalate and heterocyclic compounds having at least 3 ethylene unsaturated groups.

[0140] Particularly preferred crosslinking monomers are the cyclic monomers triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, triacryloyl hexahydro-s-triazine, and triallylbenzenes. The amount of crosslinked monomers is preferably 0.02 to 5 wt.%, and in particular 0.05 to 2 wt.%, based on the graft base E.2.

[0141] For cyclic crosslinking monomers with at least 3 ethylene unsaturated groups, it is advantageous to limit the amount to less than 1 wt% of the graft base E.2.

[0142] Preferred "other" polymerizable, ethylene-unsaturated monomers, which, in addition to the acrylic acid esters, may optionally serve to prepare the graft base E.2, are acrylonitrile, styrene, α-methylstyrene, acrylamides, vinyl C1-C6 alkyl ethers, methyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, and butadiene. Preferred acrylate rubbers as graft base E.2 are emulsion polymers having a gel content of at least 60 wt%.

[0143] In addition to elastomer modifiers based on graft polymers, non-graft polymer-based elastomer modifiers can also be used, which have glass transition temperatures < 10 °C, preferably < 0 °C, and particularly preferably < -20 °C. These preferably include elastomers with a block copolymer structure as well as thermoplastic meltable elastomers, in particular EPM, EPDM and / or SEBS rubbers (EPM = ethylene-propylene copolymer, EPDM = ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and SEBS = styrene-ethene-butene-styrene copolymer).

[0144] to be used as component E) Lubricants and / or demolding agentsare preferably long-chain fatty acids, in particular stearic acid or behenic acid, their salts, in particular Ca or Zn stearate, as well as their ester derivatives, in particular those based on pentaerythritol, in particular fatty acid esters of pentaerythritol or amide derivatives, in particular ethylene bis stearylamide, montan waxes as well as low molecular weight polyethylene or polypropylene waxes.

[0145] Montan waxes within the meaning of the present invention are mixtures of straight-chain saturated carboxylic acids with chain lengths in the range of 28 to 32 carbon atoms.

[0146] According to the invention, sliding and / or demolding agents from the group of esters of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids with 8 to 40 carbon atoms with aliphatic saturated alcohols or amides of amines with 2 to 40 carbon atoms with unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids with 8 to 40 carbon atoms are particularly preferred, or metal salts of saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids with 8 to 40 carbon atoms are used instead of the carboxylic acids.

[0147] Particularly preferred as component E) are the lubricating and / or demolding agents to be selected from the group consisting of pentaerythritol tetrastearate [CAS No. 115-83-3], ethylene bis-stearylamide, calcium stearate, and ethylene glycol dimontanate. Calcium stearate [CAS No. 1592-23-0] or ethylene bis-stearylamide [CAS No. 110-30-5] is particularly preferred. Ethylene bis-stearylamide (Loxiol® < EBS from Emery Oleochemicals) is especially preferred.

[0148] Component E) preferably to be used Hydrolysis stabilizers or components for reducing water absorption The polyesters are preferably polybutylene terephthalate and / or polyethylene terephthalate, with polyethylene terephthalate being particularly preferred. The polyesters are preferably used in concentrations of 5 to 20 wt% and particularly preferably in concentrations of 7 to 15 wt%, in each case based on the total polymer composition and provided that the sum of all wt% of the polymer composition always equals 100 wt%.

[0149] Component E) preferably to be used Laser absorber The following are selected from the group consisting of tin oxide, tin orthophosphate, barium titanate, aluminum oxide, copper hydroxyphosphate, copper orthophosphate, potassium copper diphosphate, copper hydroxide, bismuth trioxide, and anthraquinone. Tin oxide is particularly preferred.

[0150] In an alternative embodiment, antimony tin oxide, antimony trioxide or antimony pentoxide can also be used as a laser absorber - if required, taking into account the disadvantages described at the beginning with regard to the hazard classification H351.

[0151] The laser absorber can be used directly as a powder or in the form of masterbatches. Preferred masterbatches are those based on polyamide and / or polyolefins, preferably polyethylene. The laser absorber is most preferably used in the form of a polyamide 6-based masterbatch.

[0152] The laser absorber can be used individually or as a mixture of several laser absorbers.

[0153] Laser absorbers can absorb laser light of a specific wavelength. In practice, this wavelength ranges from 157 nm to 10.6 µm. Examples of lasers with these wavelengths are described in WO2009 / 003976 A1. Nd:YAG lasers, which can achieve wavelengths of 1064, 532, 355, and 266 nm, and CO₂ lasers are preferred.

[0154] According to the invention, preferred are high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, based on polymer compositions containing A) at least one polyamide, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, to 100 mass fractions by mass; B) at least 0.01 to 5 mass fractions by mass of a pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide; and C) 1 to 150 mass fractions by mass of at least one filler or reinforcing agent to be selected from the group consisting of glass spheres or solid or hollow glass spheres, or glass fibers, or ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminum borosilicate glass with an alkali content of 1% (E-glass), amorphous silica, quartz flour, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chalk, kyanite, powdered or ground quartz, mica, phlogopite, barium sulfate, feldspar, wollastonite, montmorillonite, pseudoboehmite of the formula AlO(OH), magnesium carbonate and talc, in particular glass fibers. with the stipulation of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0155] According to the invention, preferred are high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, based on polymer compositions containing A) to 100 mass fractions of at least one polyamide, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, and E) 0.01 to 2 mass fractions of at least titanium dioxide, with the requirement of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number beginning with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0156] According to the invention, preferred are high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, based on polymer compositions containing A) at least 100 mass fractions of a polyamide, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, and D) 3 to 100 mass fractions of at least one flame retardant additive, preferably selected from mineral flame retardants, nitrogen-containing flame retardants or phosphorus-containing flame retardants, with the requirement of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number beginning with "2" of the RAL color chart.

[0157] According to the invention, preferred are high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, based on polymer compositions containing A) to 100 mass fractions of at least one polyamide, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, and E') 0.01 to 2 mass fractions of titanium dioxide, with the stipulation of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number beginning with "2" of the RAL color chart.

[0158] According to the invention, preferred are high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, based on polymer compositions containing A) at least one polyamide per 100 mass fractions, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, C) 1 to 150 mass fractions of at least one filler or reinforcing agent, preferably selected from the group consisting of glass spheres or solid or hollow glass spheres, or glass fibers, or ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminum borosilicate glass with an alkali content of 1% (E-glass), amorphous silica, quartz flour, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chalk, kyanite, powdered or ground quartz, mica, phlogopite, barium sulfate, feldspar, wollastonite, montmorillonite, pseudoboehmite of the formula AlO(OH), magnesium carbonate and talc, in particular glass fibers, and D) 3 to 100 mass fractions of at least one flame retardant additive,preferably selected from mineral flame retardants, nitrogen-containing flame retardants or phosphorus-containing flame retardants, , with the stipulation of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0159] According to the invention, preferred are high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, based on polymer compositions containing A) at least 100 mass parts of a polyamide, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass parts of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, D) 3 to 100 mass parts of at least one flame retardant additive, preferably selected from mineral flame retardants, nitrogen-containing flame retardants or phosphorus-containing flame retardants, and E') 0.01 to 2 mass parts of titanium dioxide, with the stipulation that ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number beginning with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0160] According to the invention, preferred are high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, based on polymer compositions containing A) at least one polyamide per 100 mass fractions, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, C) 1 to 150 mass fractions of at least one filler and reinforcing material, preferably selected from the group consisting of glass spheres or solid or hollow glass spheres, or glass fibers, or ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminum borosilicate glass with an alkali content of 1% (E-glass), amorphous silica, quartz flour, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chalk, kyanite, powdered or ground quartz, mica, phlogopite, barium sulfate, feldspar, wollastonite, montmorillonite, pseudoboehmite of the formula AlO(OH), magnesium carbonate and talc, in particular glass fibers, and E) 0.01 to 2 mass fractions of at least one thermostabilizer,preferably selected from the group of sterically hindered phenols, in particular those containing at least one 2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl group and / or 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl group, furthermore phosphites, hypophosphites, in particular sodium hypophosphite NaH₂PO₄, hydroquinones, aromatic secondary amines and 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid esters, . with the stipulation of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0161] According to the invention, preferred are high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, based on polymer compositions containing A) at least one polyamide per 100 mass fractions, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, C) 1 to 150 mass fractions of at least one filler and reinforcing material, preferably selected from the group consisting of glass spheres or solid or hollow glass spheres, or glass fibers, or ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminum borosilicate glass with an alkali content of 1% (E-glass), amorphous silica, quartz flour, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chalk, kyanite, powdered or ground quartz, mica, phlogopite, barium sulfate, feldspar, wollastonite, montmorillonite, pseudoboehmite of the formula AlO(OH), magnesium carbonate and talc, in particular glass fibers, and E') 0.01 to 2 mass fractions of titanium dioxide,with the stipulation that ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number beginning with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0162] According to the invention, preferred are high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, based on polymer compositions containing A) at least 100 mass fractions of a polyamide, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, D) 3 to 100 mass fractions of at least one flame retardant additive, preferably selected from mineral flame retardants, nitrogen-containing flame retardants or phosphorus-containing flame retardants, and E) 0.01 to 2 mass fractions of at least one thermostabilizer, preferably selected from the group of sterically hindered phenols, in particular those containing at least one 2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl group and / or 2-tert.-butyl-6-methylphenyl group, furthermore the phosphites, the hypophosphites, in particular sodium hypophosphite NaH₂PO₂, the hydroquinones, the aromatic secondary amines and the 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid esters, with the proviso that ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number beginning with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0163] According to the invention, preferred are high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, based on polymer compositions containing A) at least one polyamide per 100 mass fractions, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, C) 1 to 150 mass fractions of at least one filler and reinforcing material, preferably selected from the group consisting of glass spheres or solid or hollow glass spheres, or glass fibers, or ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminum borosilicate glass with an alkali content of 1% (E-glass), amorphous silica, quartz flour, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chalk, kyanite, powdered or ground quartz, mica, phlogopite, barium sulfate, feldspar, wollastonite, montmorillonite, pseudoboehmite of the formula AlO(OH), magnesium carbonate and talc, in particular glass fibers, D) 3 to 100 mass fractions of at least one flame retardant additive, preferably selected from mineral flame retardants,nitrogen-containing flame retardants or phosphorus-containing flame retardants, and E) 0.01 to 2 mass fractions of at least one thermostabilizer, preferably selected from the group of sterically hindered phenols, in particular those containing at least one 2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl group and / or 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl group, furthermore phosphites, hypophosphites, in particular sodium hypophosphite NaH₂PO₄, hydroquinones, aromatic secondary amines and 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid esters, , with the stipulation of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0164] According to the invention, preferred are high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, based on polymer compositions containing A) at least one polyamide per 100 mass fractions, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, C) 1 to 150 mass fractions of at least one filler and reinforcing material, preferably selected from the group consisting of glass spheres or solid or hollow glass spheres, or glass fibers, or ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminum borosilicate glass with an alkali content of 1% (E-glass), amorphous silica, quartz flour, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chalk, kyanite, powdered or ground quartz, mica, phlogopite, barium sulfate, feldspar, wollastonite, montmorillonite, pseudoboehmite of the formula AlO(OH), magnesium carbonate and talc, in particular glass fibers, D) 3 to 100 mass fractions of at least one flame retardant additive, preferably selected from mineral flame retardants,nitrogen-containing flame retardants or phosphorus-containing flame retardants, and E) 0.01 to 2 mass fractions of titanium dioxide, , with the stipulation of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0165] According to the invention, preferred are high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, based on polymer compositions containing A) at least one polyamide per 100 mass fractions, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, C) 1 to 150 mass fractions of at least one filler and reinforcing material, preferably selected from the group consisting of glass spheres or solid or hollow glass spheres, or glass fibers, or ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminum borosilicate glass with an alkali content of 1% (E-glass), amorphous silica, quartz flour, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chalk, kyanite, powdered or ground quartz, mica, phlogopite, barium sulfate, feldspar, wollastonite, montmorillonite, pseudoboehmite of the formula AlO(OH), magnesium carbonate and talc, in particular glass fibers, D) 3 to 100 mass fractions of at least one flame retardant additive, preferably selected from mineral flame retardants,nitrogen-containing flame retardants or phosphorus-containing flame retardants, E) 0.01 to 2 mass fractions of at least one thermostabilizer, preferably selected from the group of sterically hindered phenols, in particular those containing at least one 2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl group and / or 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl group, furthermore phosphites, hypophosphites, in particular sodium hypophosphite NaH₂PO₄, hydroquinones, aromatic secondary amines and 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid esters, and , E') 0.01 to 2 mass fractions of titanium dioxide, with the stipulation of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0166] For the avoidance of doubt, it should be noted that the scope of the present invention includes all general or preferred definitions, quantities and parameters listed for components A) to E) in any combination with the high-voltage components or high-voltage components for electromobility according to the invention. Proceedings

[0167] The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, wherein one A) mixes 100 mass parts of at least one polyamide, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, and B) mixes 0.01 to 5 mass parts of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide to polymer compositions, extrudes them into strands, cools them until they are granulatable, dries and granulates them, and then further processes the polymer compositions by injection molding, including the special processes of gas injection technology, water injection technology and projectile injection technology, by extrusion processes, including profile extrusion, or by blow molding, with the requirement of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0168] Preferably, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, wherein one A) at least one polyamide, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, to 100 mass fractions by mass; B) at least 0.01 to 5 mass fractions by mass of a pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide; and C) 1 to 150 mass fractions by mass of at least one filler or reinforcing agent to be selected from the group consisting of glass spheres or solid or hollow glass spheres, or glass fibers, or ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminum borosilicate glass with an alkali content of 1% (E-glass), amorphous silica, quartz flour, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chalk, kyanite, powdered or ground quartz, mica, phlogopite, barium sulfate, feldspar, wollastonite, montmorillonite, pseudoboehmite of the formula AlO(OH), magnesium carbonate and talc, in particular glass fibers. mixes into polymer compositions, discharges into strands, cools until granulation is possible, dries and granulates, and subsequently processes the polymer compositions further in injection molding, including the special processes gas injection technology, water injection technology and projectile injection technology, in extrusion processes, including profile extrusion, or by blow molding, with the requirement of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" of the RAL color chart.

[0169] Preferably, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, wherein one A) to 100 mass fractions of at least one polyamide, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, and E') 0.01 to 2 mass fractions of at least titanium dioxide, mixed to polymer compositions, extruded into strands, cooled to granulation capability, dried and granulated, and the polymer compositions subsequently further processed by injection molding, including the special processes gas injection technology, water injection technology and projectile injection technology, by extrusion processes, including profile extrusion, or by blow molding, with the requirement of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number beginning with "2" of the RAL color chart.

[0170] Preferably, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, wherein one A) to 100 mass parts of at least one polyamide, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass parts of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, and D) 3 to 100 mass parts of at least one flame retardant additive, preferably selected from mineral flame retardants, nitrogen-containing flame retardants or phosphorus-containing flame retardants, mixed to polymer compositions, extruded into strands, cooled to granulation capability, dried and granulated, and the polymer compositions subsequently further processed by injection molding, including the special processes of gas injection molding, water injection molding and projectile injection molding, extrusion processes, including profile extrusion, or blow molding, with the requirement of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number beginning with "2" of the RAL color chart.

[0171] Preferably, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, wherein one A) at least one polyamide per 100 mass fractions, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, and E) 0.01 to 2 mass fractions of at least one thermostabilizer, preferably selected from the group of sterically hindered phenols, in particular those containing at least one 2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl group and / or 2-tert.-butyl-6-methylphenyl group, furthermore phosphites, hypophosphites, in particular sodium hypophosphite NaH₂PO₂, hydroquinones, aromatic secondary amines and 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid esters, are mixed to polymer compositions, extruded into strands, cooled until granulation is possible, dried and granulated, and the polymer compositions are subsequently further processed by injection molding, including the special processes of gas injection technology, water injection technology and projectile injection technology, by extrusion processes, including profile extrusion, or by blow molding, with the proviso that ΔE <30 is achieved with respect to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number beginning with "2" in the RAL color chart.

[0172] Preferably, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, wherein one A) at least one polyamide per 100 mass fractions, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6, B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide, C) 1 to 150 mass fractions of at least one filler or reinforcing agent, preferably selected from the group consisting of glass spheres or solid or hollow glass spheres, or glass fibers, or ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminum borosilicate glass with an alkali content of 1% (E-glass), amorphous silica, quartz flour, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chalk, kyanite, powdered or ground quartz, mica, phlogopite, barium sulfate, feldspar, wollastonite, montmorillonite, pseudoboehmite of the formula AIO(OH), magnesium carbonate and talc, in particular glass fibers, and D) 3 to 100 mass fractions of at least one flame retardant additive,preferably selected from mineral flame retardants, nitrogen-containing flame retardants or phosphorus-containing flame retardants, and , mixes into polymer compositions, discharges into strands, cools until granulation is possible, dries and granulates, and subsequently processes the polymer compositions further in injection molding, including the special processes gas injection technology, water injection technology and projectile injection technology, in extrusion processes, including profile extrusion, or by blow molding, with the requirement of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" of the RAL color chart.

[0173] Preferably, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, wherein one A) at least one polyamide per 100 mass fractions, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6; B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide; C) 1 to 150 mass fractions of at least one filler and reinforcing material, preferably selected from the group consisting of glass spheres or solid or hollow glass spheres, or glass fibers, or ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminum borosilicate glass with an alkali content of 1% (E-glass), amorphous silica, quartz flour, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chalk, kyanite, powdered or ground quartz, mica, phlogopite, barium sulfate, feldspar, wollastonite, montmorillonite, pseudoboehmite of the formula AlO(OH), magnesium carbonate and talc, in particular glass fibers, and E') 0.01 to 2 mass fractions titanium dioxide, mixes into polymer compositions, discharges into strands, cools until granulation is possible, dries and granulates, and subsequently processes the polymer compositions further in injection molding, including the special processes gas injection technology, water injection technology and projectile injection technology, in extrusion processes, including profile extrusion, or by blow molding, with the requirement of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" of the RAL color chart.

[0174] Preferably, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, wherein one A) at least one polyamide per 100 mass fractions, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6; B) 0.01 to 5 mass fractions of at least one pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide; C) 1 to 150 mass fractions of at least one filler and reinforcing material, preferably selected from the group consisting of glass spheres or solid or hollow glass spheres, or glass fibers, or ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminum borosilicate glass with an alkali content of 1% (E-glass), amorphous silica, quartz flour, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chalk, kyanite, powdered or ground quartz, mica, phlogopite, barium sulfate, feldspar, wollastonite, montmorillonite, pseudoboehmite of the formula AlO(OH), magnesium carbonate and talc, in particular glass fibers, and E) 0.01 to 2 mass fractions of at least one thermostabilizer, preferably selected from the group of sterically hindered phenols, in particular those containing at least one 2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl group and / or 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl group, furthermore phosphites, hypophosphites, in particular sodium hypophosphite NaH 2 PO 2 , the hydroquinones, the aromatic secondary amines and the 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid esters, mixes into polymer compositions, discharges into strands, cools until granulation is possible, dries and granulates, and subsequently processes the polymer compositions further in injection molding, including the special processes gas injection technology, water injection technology and projectile injection technology, in extrusion processes, including profile extrusion, or by blow molding, with the requirement of a ΔE <30 to the L*a*b* coordinates of a color number starting with "2" of the RAL color chart.

[0175] Preferably, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing high-voltage components, in particular high-voltage components for electromobility, wherein one A) per 100 mass fractions of at least one polyamide, preferably polyamide 6 or polyamide 66, in particular polyamide 6,

Claims

1. Use of a pigment system based on inorganic mixed oxides containing titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide as laser marking additive of polyamide-based high-voltage components, characterized in that 0.01 to 5 parts by mass of the pigment system are used per 100 parts by mass of at least one polyamide, with the proviso of a ΔE < 30 with respect to the L*a*b* coordinates of a colour number beginning with "2" in the RAL colour chart.

2. Use according to Claim 1, characterized in that the polyamide used is nylon-6 or nylon-6,6.

3. Use according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the polyamide-based high-voltage components are polyamide-based high-voltage components for electromobility.

4. Use according to one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a solid- state laser with Nd:YAG crystal at a wavelength of 1064 nm is used for the laser marking additive.

5. Use according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a pigment system comprising titanium dioxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide of CAS No. 923954-49-8 is used.

6. Use according to one or more of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the pigment system used is C.I. Pigment Orange 82 of CAS No. 2170864-77-2 or C.I. Pigment Yellow 216 of CAS No. 817181-98-9.

7. Use according to one or more of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pigment system additionally includes C) 1 to 150 parts by mass of at least one filler or reinforcer to be selected from the group of glass beads or solid or hollow glass beads, or glass fibres, or ground glass, amorphous quartz glass, aluminium borosilicate glass having an alkali content of 1%, amorphous silica, quartz flour, calcium silicate, calcium metasilicate, magnesium carbonate, kaolin, calcined kaolin, chalk, kyanite, powdered or ground quartz, mica, phlogopite, barium sulfate, feldspar, wollastonite, montmorillonite, pseudoboehmite of the formula AlO(OH), magnesium carbonate and talc, especially glass fibres.

8. Use according to Claim 7, characterized in that the pigment system includes, in addition to components A) polymer, B) mixed oxide and C), or instead of C), also D) at least one flame retardant in an amount of 3 to 100 parts by mass.

9. Use according to Claim 7, characterized in that the flame retardants D) should be selected from mineral flame retardants, nitrogen-containing flame retardants and phosphorus-containing flame retardants.

10. Use according to one or more of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pigment system additionally includes E) 0.01 to 2 parts by mass of at least one thermal stabilizer.

11. Use according to Claim 10, characterized in that the thermal stabilizers E) should be selected from the group of sterically hindered phenols, especially those containing at least one 2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl group and / or 2-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl group, and phosphites, hypophosphites, especially sodium hypophosphite NaH2PO2, hydroquinones, aromatic secondary amines and 3,3'-thiodipropionates.

12. Use according to Claim 10, characterized in that at least E') 0.01 to 2 parts by mass of titanium dioxide is used.