Fluid bed or fluidized bed reactor for the treatment of oxide fine ore, especially iron ore, and method for manufacturing such a fluid bed reactor

Description

Description

[0001] Fluidized bed reactor for the treatment of oxidic fine ore, in particular iron ore, and process for the manufacture of such a fluidized bed reactor.

[0002] The invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1 and a method for producing the fluidized bed reactor according to claim 15.

[0003] From DE 69 531 374 T2 a gas phase distribution plate for a gas phase polymerization apparatus is known.

[0004] EP 0 544 289 A2 discloses a device and a method for spray coating particles with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate in a predetermined concentration in a solvent mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol.

[0005] WO 2020 / 187672 A1 discloses a process for the direct reduction of oxidic iron carrier particles to a reduction product in a fluidized-bed reactor. A reaction of the reaction gas with the fine ore during the treatment of the fine ore results in a temperature between 500 °C and 900 °C in the fluidized bed. Since the fluidized bed forms directly above the distributor plate, and in the case of hydrogen reduction, the inflowing hydrogen is hotter than the temperature of the fluidized bed, the distributor plate is also heated to a temperature between 500 °C and 900 °C and subjected to high thermal stress. This leads to a high thermal stress on the fluidized-bed reactor.

[0006] It is an object of the invention to provide an improved, temperature-stable fluidized bed reactor for the treatment of oxidic fine ore, in particular iron ore, and an improved process for producing the fluidized bed reactor.

[0007] This object is achieved by means of a fluidized-bed reactor according to claim 1 and a method for producing the fluidized-bed reactor according to claim 15. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims.

[0008] It has been recognized that an improved fluidized bed reactor for treating oxidic fine ore, in particular iron ore, can be provided in that the fluidized bed reactor has a distributor plate, a distributor chamber, and a reactor with a reactor chamber. The distributor plate spatially separates the reactor chamber from the distributor chamber. The distributor plate has a first distributor plate and a second distributor plate arranged on the first distributor plate. The first distributor plate is arranged on a side facing the distributor chamber, and the second distributor plate is arranged on a side facing the reactor chamber. The first distributor plate has a first arrangement of first through-openings extending from the distributor chamber in a first direction to the reactor chamber. The second distributor plate has a plate-shaped contact section running parallel to the first distributor plate.Furthermore, the second distributor plate has a second arrangement consisting of a plurality of cover sections. The contact section rests on the first distributor plate at a distance from the first arrangement of first through-openings. The contact section is preferably connected, preferably welded, to the first distributor plate. In each case, a cover section of the second arrangement is arranged at a distance in the first direction from an associated first through-opening and covers the associated first through-opening to the reactor chamber. The second distributor plate has, on each of the cover sections, a second through-opening arranged in a second direction inclined to the first direction and offset from the first through-opening. A reaction gas for treating the fine ore and for forming a fluidized bed of fine ore and reaction gas can be introduced into the reactor via the first through-openings and the second through-openings.The first distributor plate is connected to the reactor in a fluid-tight manner on the circumference, so that the reaction gas can flow into the reactor chamber exclusively via the first through-openings and the second through-openings.

[0009] This design has the advantage that a particularly good and uniform fluidized bed can be provided for treating the fine ore with the reaction gas. The treatment can involve a reduction and / or oxidation of the fine ore with the reaction gas. Furthermore, this design has the advantage that, when the fluidized-bed reactor is shut down and / or a reaction gas supply fails, spillage or blockage of the first passage opening or leakage into the distribution chamber below is prevented by covering the first passage opening with an associated cover section.

[0010] Furthermore, the second distributor plate is particularly simple and cost-effective to manufacture. In particular, it eliminates the need to position and secure individual cover caps on the first distributor plate. Due to the arrangement of a plurality of cover sections in the second distributor plate, only one positioning step is required during assembly of the fluidized-bed reactor to align the second distributor plate with respect to the first distributor plate.

[0011] In a further embodiment, a cover section directly adjoins the contact section. Preferably, the cover section is enclosed circumferentially by the contact section. This configuration ensures a good, thermally stable connection between the respective cover section and the contact section, thus preventing stress cracks in the second distributor plate.

[0012] In a further embodiment, the contact section mechanically connects the offset cover sections of the second arrangement. The contact section is mechanically connected to the first distributor plate. The second distributor plate is preferably formed in one piece and made of the same material, with the second arrangement of cover sections preferably being embossed into the second distributor plate. This configuration has the advantage that the production of the second distributor plate is particularly simple and cost-effective. Furthermore, the second distributor plate is particularly thermally and mechanically robust.

[0013] In a further embodiment, the first distributor plate and the cover section each define a chamber. The chamber extends between the first through-opening and the second through-opening parallel to the first distributor plate in the second direction. The chamber has the advantage that the reaction gas flowing through the first through-opening is deflected. Furthermore, the flow velocity of the reaction gas can be reduced compared to the flow velocity in the first through-opening, thus preventing local flow peaks, also known as jets, in the fluidized bed.

[0014] In a further embodiment, the chamber has a chamber cross-sectional area, the first through-opening has a first cross-sectional area, and the second through-opening has a second cross-sectional area, wherein the second cross-sectional area is larger than the first cross-sectional area, wherein the chamber cross-sectional area is larger than the second cross-sectional area. This configuration has the advantage that pressure fluctuations in the reaction gas can be reduced by the large chamber cross-sectional area and the large chamber. When the reaction gas flows out of the chamber via the second through-opening, a flow velocity is increased again compared to the flow velocity of the reaction gas in the chamber. This creates a particularly stable and uniform fluidized bed in the reactor space.Furthermore, it is ensured that the reaction gas flows into the reactor chamber at a lower flow velocity than in the first passage opening and is evenly distributed over the cross-section of the reactor chamber.

[0015] In a further embodiment, the chamber has a chamber length I in the second direction between the first through-opening and the second through-opening. The second through-opening has an opening height h in the first direction. The opening height of the second through-opening is less than the chamber length I. The ratio of the chamber length I to the opening height h is preferably from 1 to 20 inclusive, preferably from 5 to 15 inclusive. This configuration has the advantage that if the conveyance of the reaction gas into the distribution chamber fails or if the supply of the reaction gas is switched off, the fine ore can deposit on the top side of the cover section without problems. The fine ore forms a cone of repose in the chamber with an angle of repose, but the cone of repose does not reach as far as the first through-opening. This prevents the first through-opening orThis prevents the fine ore from flowing into the distribution chamber below. Furthermore, when the fluidized-bed reactor is restarted, the fine ore from the cone of material that has penetrated into the chamber can be easily blown out of the chamber using the reaction gas.

[0016] In a further embodiment, the second distributor plate covers a first upper side of the first distributor plate substantially in the first direction at least in the region of the first arrangement, preferably substantially completely.

[0017] In a further embodiment, the distributor base has at least a first region and a second region, wherein in the first region, the second through-openings of the second arrangement each have an identical first orientation. In the second region, the second through-openings of the second arrangement each have a second orientation that differs from the first orientation. This configuration has the advantage that the different orientation allows a targeted flow to be achieved for transporting the fine ore in the fluidized bed.

[0018] In a further embodiment, the fluidized bed reactor has a filler opening opening into the reactor chamber and a removal opening opening into the reactor chamber. The filler opening is arranged opposite (in the longitudinal direction) to the removal opening. The fine ore can be conveyed into the reactor chamber via the filler opening. A reaction product from a reaction of the fine ore with the reaction gas can be conveyed out of the reactor chamber via the removal opening. The first region is arranged between the filler opening and the removal opening. In the first region, the second through-opening is arranged on a side of the cover section facing the removal opening. As a result, the fine ore is transported by the reaction gas from the filler opening towards the removal opening during its residence time in the reactor chamber.

[0019] In a further embodiment, the second region is arranged between the filling opening and the first region. The second passage opening in the second region is arranged on a side facing away from the filling opening and on a side facing a side edge of the distributor base such that the fine ore can be distributed from the filling opening toward the side edge by means of the outflowing reaction gas. This prevents a local accumulation of fine ore in the fluidized bed and allows for even use of the entire cross-section of the fluidized bed.

[0020] In a further embodiment, the distributor base has a third region, wherein the third region is arranged between the first region and the removal opening. In the third region, the second through-openings each have a third orientation that is different from the first orientation, wherein the second through-opening in the third region is arranged on a side of the cover section facing the removal opening and on a side of the cover section facing away from a side edge of the distributor base such that the fine ore and / or a reaction product from a reaction of the fine ore with the reaction gas can be conveyed / concentrated by means of the outflowing reaction gas from the side edge in the direction of the removal opening. As a result, the reaction product and / or the residues of the fine ore can be conveyed out of the reactor chamber particularly easily via the removal opening.

[0021] In a further embodiment, the distributor base has at least one edge region, wherein the edge region is arranged between the first region and the removal opening and laterally adjacent to a side edge of the distributor base, wherein the second through-opening is arranged in the edge region on a side of the cover section facing the removal opening and on a side of the cover section facing the side edge of the distributor base such that the fine ore and / or a reaction product from a reaction of the fine ore with the reaction gas can be conveyed towards the removal opening by means of the outflowing reaction gas. This configuration has the advantage of fluidizing the edge region of the fluidized bed particularly well and thus minimizing negative edge effects on the fluidization behavior of the fine ore and / or reaction product.

[0022] In a further embodiment, the second through-opening is slit-shaped, with the second through-opening having a substantially constant opening height in the first direction. This configuration has the advantage of preventing the accumulation of fine ore particles in the second through-opening.

[0023] In a further embodiment, the first distributor plate and the contact section are sealed circumferentially around a first through-opening relative to the straight line. It is particularly advantageous if the contact section is integrally connected, preferably welded, to the first distributor plate, preferably circumferentially around the first through-opening. This prevents reaction gas from overflowing from one chamber into the next chamber between the first and second distributor plates.

[0024] In a further embodiment, the cover section has a first partial region and a second partial region, wherein the first partial region is arranged running parallel to the first distributor plate. The first partial region covers the first through-opening at least in section. The second partial region is arranged at an angle to the first partial region and connects the first partial region to the contact section. This configuration has the advantage that the second distributor plate is designed to be mechanically particularly stress-free, and as a result, unwanted thermal deformation of the second distributor plate can be reliably avoided when starting up the fluidized bed reactor and the associated temperature increase in the fluidized bed reactor to 750 to 950 °C.

[0025] It is particularly advantageous if the second arrangement of cover sections is embossed into the second distributor plate. This ensures that the cover sections are essentially identical to one another and that the distributor base can be manufactured particularly cost-effectively.

[0026] It is particularly advantageous if, in the process for producing the fluidized-bed reactor, the first distributor plate is provided with the first arrangement of first through-openings. The second arrangement of cover sections is embossed into a plate-shaped sheet material, and the second through-openings are cut, preferably punched, into the sheet material. The second distributor plate is arranged on the first distributor plate in such a way that each first through-opening is covered by an associated cover section. The contact section is mechanically connected to the first distributor plate.

[0027] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. In the following: FIG 1 shows a schematic representation of a fluidized bed reactor according to a first embodiment; FIG 2 shows a FIG 1 marked section A of the FIG 1 shown distributor base; FIG 3a in FIG 2 marked section B of the FIG 2 shown sectional view; FIG 4 shows a perspective view of the distributor base looking obliquely towards the second distributor plate; FIG 5 shows a schematic representation of a plan view of a fluidized bed reactor according to a second embodiment; and FIG 6 shows a schematic representation of a plan view of a fluidized bed reactor according to a third embodiment.

[0028] For ease of understanding, the following figures refer to a coordinate system. The coordinate system is designed as a right-handed system and has an x-axis (longitudinal direction), a y-axis (transverse direction), and a z-axis (height direction).

[0029] FIG 1 shows a schematic representation of a fluidized bed reactor 10 according to a first embodiment.

[0030] The fluidized bed reactor 10 can be part of a reactor arrangement comprising several fluidized bed reactors 10. The fluidized bed reactor 10 comprises, for example, a reactor 15, a distributor plate 20, and a distributor chamber 25. The reactor 15 comprises a reactor chamber 30. Furthermore, the fluidized bed reactor 10 comprises a filling opening 35, a discharge opening 40, a reaction gas supply 45 to the distributor chamber, and a reaction gas discharge 50 from the reactor chamber. The distributor plate 20 spatially separates the distributor chamber 25 from the reactor chamber 30. For example, in FIG 1 the distribution chamber 25 is arranged below the reactor chamber 30.

[0031] The fill opening 35 and the discharge opening 40 open into the reactor chamber 30 and are arranged laterally on the reactor 15. The fill opening 35 is arranged on one side of the reactor 15. The discharge opening 40 can be arranged opposite the fill opening 35 in the x-direction. In this case, the discharge opening 40 is arranged, for example, closer to the distributor plate 20 in the z-direction than the fill opening 35. The reaction gas discharge 50 is arranged above the fill opening 35 in the z-direction. The distributor plate 20 can be aligned at a slight angle to an xy-plane such that the distributor plate 20 is arranged slightly higher below the fill opening 35 than at the discharge opening 40.

[0032] During operation of the fluidized-bed reactor 10, an oxidic fine ore 55, in particular an iron ore, can be conveyed into the reactor chamber 30 via the filling opening 35. The fine ore 55 preferably comprises at least 90 mass percent iron carrier particles 70 with a grain size of less than or equal to 200 µm, preferably with a d 30 of less than or equal to 110 µm. The iron particle carriers 70 can be oxidic and comprise, for example, Fe 2 O 3 .

[0033] A reaction product 75 of the treated fine ore 55 can be conveyed from the reactor chamber 30 via the discharge opening 40. The reaction gas discharge 50 can be arranged on the top side of the reactor chamber 30 and open into the reactor chamber 30. The reaction gas supply 45 is arranged, for example, on the underside of the fluidized-bed reactor 10 and opens into the distribution chamber 25.

[0034] During operation of the fluidized-bed reactor 10, the fine ore 55 is preferably continuously fed into the reactor chamber 30 via the filling opening 35. Furthermore, a reaction gas 60 is continuously fed into the distributor chamber 25, for example, via the reaction gas supply 45. The distributor chamber 25 is fluidly connected to the reactor chamber 30 via the distributor base 20. For example, the reactor chamber 30 is arranged above the distributor base 20 and the distributor chamber 25 is arranged below the distributor base 20. The distributor base 20 can be arranged in an xy plane.

[0035] The reaction gas 60 is introduced into the distribution chamber 25 via the reaction gas inlet 45, preferably under pressure. The reaction gas 60 is distributed in the distribution chamber 25 by the distributor base 20 and enters the reactor chamber 30 via the distributor base 20. This flow direction is established due to a pressure difference of the reaction gas 60 between the reaction gas inlet 45 and the reaction gas outlet 50.

[0036] The reaction gas 60 is guided through the distributor plate 20 into the reactor chamber 30 in such a way that a fluidized bed 65 consisting of the fine ore 55 and the reaction gas 60 forms above the distributor plate 20. The fluidized bed 65 can also be referred to as a fluidized bed. In the fluidized bed 65, the fine ore 55 is fluidized by the upwardly flowing reaction gas 60.

[0037] In the z-direction, the fluidized bed 65 extends between the distributor base 20 and a lower edge of the discharge opening 40. In the x- and / or y-direction, the fluidized bed 65 extends substantially over the entire extent of the distributor base 20.

[0038] The reaction gas 60 can, in particular, be designed as a reducing gas. For example, the reaction gas 60 can comprise hydrogen H2 and, in particular, can consist of technically pure hydrogen H2 or a mixture of hydrogen H2 with one or more other gases.

[0039] In the fluidized bed 65, the reaction gas 60 reacts with the fine ore 55 to form the reaction product 75. For example, the hydrogen H 2 has a reducing effect on the oxidic iron particle carriers 70.

[0040] The reaction product 75 can, for example, be a sponge iron, for example, with a degree of metallization of over 90%. The reaction product 75 has, for example, a higher degree of metallization than the fine ore 55 fed through the filling opening 35. The degree of metallization is a ratio of a mass fraction of metallic iron to the total iron present in the reaction product 75. It should be noted that the degree of metallization of the reaction product 75 can vary depending on the process in the fluidized-bed reactor 10.

[0041] Due to the reaction of the reaction gas 60 with the fine ore 55 during the treatment of the fine ore 55, a temperature between 500 °C and 900 °C is established in the fluidized bed 65. Since the fluidized bed 65 forms directly above the distributor plate 20, the distributor plate 20 is also heated to a temperature between 500 °C and 900 °C.

[0042] Furthermore, in the fluidized bed 65, the fine ore 55 and its iron particle carrier 70 and the reaction product 75 are transported from the filling opening 35 to the removal opening 40, wherein at the removal opening 40 the reaction product 75 of the fine ore 55 is removed from the reactor chamber 30 with the reaction gas 60.

[0043] A spent reaction gas 80 is discharged from the reactor chamber 30 via the reaction gas discharge 50 due to the pressure difference between the reaction gas supply 45 and the reaction gas discharge 50. The spent reaction gas 80 may, for example, comprise water vapor.

[0044] FIG 2 shows one in FIG 1 marked section A of the FIG 1 shown distributor base 20.

[0045] The distributor base 20 has a first distributor plate 85 and a second distributor plate 90. The first distributor plate 85 is arranged below the second distributor plate 90. The first distributor plate 85 is arranged on a side facing the distributor chamber 25. The first distributor plate 85 is plate-shaped and extends essentially in an xy plane.

[0046] The first distributor plate 85 has a first bottom side 105 and a first top side 110, wherein the first top side 110 is arranged on a side facing the reactor chamber 30. The first bottom side 105 borders the distributor chamber 25. The first distributor plate 85 has a first material thickness d 1 .

[0047] The first distributor plate 85 has a first arrangement 95 of first through-openings 100. In the embodiment, a plurality of first through-openings 100 are provided in the first distributor plate 85. By way of example, the first through-openings 100 are configured identically to one another, so that what is explained below for one of the first through-openings 100 also applies to the other first through-openings 100. Of course, the first through-openings 100 can also be configured differently from one another.

[0048] The first through-opening 100 extends from the first bottom side 105, i.e., from the distributor chamber 25, along a straight line 115, which is oriented substantially parallel to the z-axis and normal to the first distributor plate 85, in a first direction toward the first top side 110 and thus toward the reactor chamber 30. The first through-opening 100 can, for example, have a circular cross-section. A first cross-sectional area of ​​the first through-opening 100 can, for example, be 0.5 mm² to 3 mm².

[0049] The second distributor plate 90 is arranged on the first upper side 110. The second distributor plate 90 has a second arrangement 120 of cover sections 125 and a contact section 130.

[0050] FIG 3 shows one in FIG 2 marked section B of the FIG 2 shown sectional view.

[0051] The second distributor plate 90 is formed in one piece and from the same material and comprises, for example, a thin-walled material, in particular a sheet metal material. Thin-walled is understood to mean a second material thickness of 0.5 mm to 4 mm. The second distributor plate 90 has a second underside 135 and a second upper side 140. The second underside 135 is arranged on a side facing the first distributor plate 85 and the distributor chamber 25. The second upper side 140 adjoins the reactor chamber 30 and delimits the reactor chamber 30 on the underside. The second distributor plate 90 essentially completely covers the first upper side 110 of the first distributor plate 85 in the z-direction. As a result, the second distributor plate 90 is mechanically supported by the first distributor plate 85.

[0052] The contact section 130 is plate-shaped and extends in an xy plane. As a result, the contact section 130 runs parallel to the first distributor plate 85. With the second underside 135, the contact section 130 rests flat against the first upper side 110 of the first distributor plate 85. In this case, a flat contact is preferably understood to mean that the second underside 135 of the contact section 130 is in contact with the first upper side 110 of the first distributor plate 85 over at least 50 percent, preferably at least 70 percent, of its surface area.

[0053] Preferably, the contact section 130 is connected to the first distributor plate 85 by means of a material connection 145, for example, a welded connection 150. This configuration ensures that even under thermal stress on the second distributor plate 90, detachment or lifting of the second distributor plate 90 from the first distributor plate 85 is prevented.

[0054] The contact section 130 is arranged offset in the x- and / or y-direction relative to the first through-opening 100. This prevents the contact section 130 from closing the first through-opening 100 on the first upper side 110. The contact section 130 has a second material thickness d 2 that is significantly less than the first material thickness d 1 of the first distributor plate 85. In particular, the second material thickness can be from 0.5 mm to 4 mm inclusive. It is particularly advantageous if the first material thickness d 1 is thicker than the second material thickness of the second distributor plate 90.

[0055] As already explained above, the second arrangement 120 has a plurality of cover sections 125. The cover sections 125 are each arranged spaced apart from one another in the x- and / or y-direction. The cover sections 125 project beyond the contact section 130 in the z-direction. Preferably, a first number of first through-openings 100 corresponds to a second number of cover sections 125.

[0056] The cover sections 125 are each mechanically connected to the contact section 130. As a result, the cover sections 125 are mechanically connected to one another by the contact section 130. This eliminates the need for a direct mechanical connection between the cover section 125 and the first distributor plate 85.

[0057] The following describes the FIG 3 The cover section 125 shown is explained as an example. The explanations below also apply to the other cover sections 125 of the second arrangement 120.

[0058] The cover section 125 is embossed into the second distributor plate 90 and is arranged in the z-direction at a distance from the first upper side 110 of the first distributor plate 85 such that the first through-opening on the first upper side 110 is open. In the z-direction, the cover section 125 is arranged overlapping the first through-opening 100. In this case, an overlap in the z-direction is understood to mean that when projecting two components, for example the cover section 125 and the first through-opening 100 or for example the second distributor plate 90 and the first distributor plate, in the z-direction, which can also be referred to as the first direction, into a projection plane which, for example, runs perpendicular to the z-direction / first direction and is designed, for example, as an xy-plane, the components in FIG 3 The cover section 125 and the through-opening 100 overlap in the projection plane. As a result, the cover section 125 covers the first through-opening 100 toward the reactor chamber 30 and protects the first through-opening from the fluidized bed 65.

[0059] The cover section 125 has a first partial region 155 and a second partial region 160. The first partial region 155 runs substantially parallel to the first upper side 110 and is offset from the first upper side 110 in the z-direction. The first partial region 155 can be plate-shaped. In a plan view, the first partial region 155 can be circular in the x- and y-directions.

[0060] The first partial region 155 is mechanically connected to the contact section 130 via the second partial region 160. The second partial region 160 can partially protrude over the first through-opening 100 and extends at an angle to the first partial region 155 and the contact section 130.

[0061] The cover section 125, together with the first upper side 110 of the first distributor plate 85, defines a chamber 165. The chamber 165 extends in its main direction of extension essentially in the x-direction and y-direction. A height h K of the chamber 165 is significantly less than the extension of the chamber 165 in the x- and / or y-direction. Furthermore, the height h K of the chamber 165 is constant, for example, over the chamber length I.

[0062] The first through-opening 100 opens into the chamber 165 at the first upper side 110. A second through-opening 170 is provided in the second distributor plate 90 in the z-direction between the contact section 130 and the first partial region 155. The second through-opening 170 is slit-like and has a substantially constant opening height h in the z-direction. The opening height h can be, for example, 0.5 mm to 2 mm. The second through-opening 170 is designed such that a second cross-sectional area of ​​the second through-opening 170 is significantly larger than the first cross-sectional area of ​​the first through-opening 100. The chamber 165 fluidically connects the first through-opening 100 to the second through-opening 170.

[0063] The second through-opening 170 can extend substantially over an angular segment in an xy plane of, for example, 70° to 120°. The second through-opening runs, for example, on a circular path with a center point offset from the straight line 115. The second cross-sectional area forms an opening area of ​​the second through-opening and is mathematically defined as a product of the angular segment (in radians), the opening height h, and an arc length of the second through-opening on the circular path in an xy plane. The second through-opening 170 is cut or punched into the second distributor plate 90 such that a free end of the first partial region 155, which borders the second through-opening 170, is arranged to overlap a cutting surface 172 of the contact section 130 in the z direction.

[0064] The chamber 165 essentially has a cylindrical basic shape. The chamber 165 has a significantly larger chamber cross-sectional area (in an xy plane) than the first cross-sectional area and / or the second cross-sectional area. In the x-direction and / or in the y-direction, the chamber 165 has a chamber length I between the second through-opening 170 and the first through-opening 100. The chamber length I is significantly greater than the opening height h of the second through-opening 170. It is particularly advantageous if the ratio of the chamber length I to the opening height h is 1 to 20 inclusive.

[0065] FIG 4 shows a perspective view of the distributor base 20 with an oblique view of the second distributor plate 90.

[0066] The cover sections 125 of the second arrangement 120 are arranged, for example, in a plurality of rows 175 offset from one another in the x-direction. In each row 175, the cover sections 125 are spaced apart from one another in the y-direction. The contact section 130 extends between the cover sections 125. Preferably, a first orientation of the second through-opening 170 is identical on each cover section 125.

[0067] In the embodiment, the integral connection 145 is formed by a plurality of crossed weld seams 180, 185. Each of the weld seams 180, 185 is, for example, straight and continuous. Two parallel first weld seams 180 each cross two parallel second weld seams 185, forming a rhombus 190, wherein the cover section 125 is enclosed circumferentially by the rhombus 190. Each of the weld seams 180, 185 is designed such that a penetration of the weld seam 180, 185 extends into the first distributor plate 85. The weld seam 180, 185 is essentially uninterrupted, so that the chamber 165 is sealed fluid-tight on the circumferential side by the integral connection 145 on the contact section 130.

[0068] In the following, the functionality of the distributor base 20 is explained using the FIGN 1 bis 4 As already explained in the context of FIG 1 As explained, the reaction gas 60 is led into the reactor chamber 30 via the distributor base 20.

[0069] The reaction gas 60 flows through the first through-openings 100 essentially parallel to the straight line 115 (cf. FIGN 3 and 4 ) in a first direction. Due to the small first cross-sectional area, the reaction gas 60 in the first passage opening 100 has a relatively high first velocity v 1 .

[0070] The reaction gas 60 flowing through a first through-opening 100 enters the respectively assigned chamber 165. Due to the large-volume design of the chamber 165, the reaction gas 60 slows down drastically and flows at a second velocity v 2 in the chamber 165. The second velocity v 2 is significantly lower than the first velocity v 1 . Furthermore, the cover section 125 deflects the reaction gas 60 essentially by 90° to the straight line 115 in a second direction, so that the reaction gas 60 flows in the chamber 165 essentially in the x- and / or y-direction (cf. FIG 3 ).

[0071] The reaction gas 60 exits the chamber 165 at the second through-opening 170. The reaction gas 60 flows through the second through-opening 170 at a third velocity v 3 , which is significantly lower than the first velocity v 1 . The third velocity v 3 can be greater than the second velocity v 2 in the chamber 165.

[0072] Due to the pressure difference between the distributor chamber 25 and the reaction gas discharge 50, after flowing through the second through-opening 170, the reaction gas 60 is deflected by the second distributor plate 90 essentially in the z-direction and forms the fluidized bed 65 together with the fine ore 55 above the second distributor plate 90.

[0073] This routing of the reaction gas 60 has the advantage that local velocity increases of the reaction gas 60 are avoided due to the flat reaction gas 60 flowing out over the angular segment of the second through-opening 170 at a low third velocity v 3 . This avoids local gas channels in the fluidized bed 65 and achieves the most uniform distribution of the reaction gas possible across the entire cross-sectional area of ​​the fluidized-bed reactor. Furthermore, pressure pulsations of the reaction gas 60 in the first through-opening 100 can be dampened by the large-volume design of the chamber 165. This creates a particularly stable fluidized bed 65 containing the fine ore 55.

[0074] The circumferential sealing of chamber 165 by weld seams 180, 185 prevents the reaction gas 60 from transferring from chamber 165 to another chamber 165. This ensures a reliable and uniform volume flow of the reaction gas 60 through all chambers 165 of the distributor plate 20. This further stabilizes the fluidized bed 65 in the reactor chamber 30 and prevents local defluidization.

[0075] If the fluidized bed reactor 10 is shut down or the gas supply 60 fails, the fluidized bed 65 collapses. As a result, a layer 230 of fine ore 55 and / or the reaction product 75 forms on the second upper surface 140 (the layer 230 is dashed in FIG 2 indicated). Although a small portion of the fine ore 55 and / or the reaction product 75 can penetrate into the chamber 165 via the second passage opening 170 and form a cone of material in each chamber 165, the chamber length l means that the second passage opening 170 is arranged at such a distance from the first passage opening 100 in the x- and / or y-direction that the fine ore 55 and / or the reaction product 75 does not reach the first passage opening 100.

[0076] Upon restarting, the fine ore 55 and / or the reaction product 75 that has penetrated into the chamber 165 can be blown out of the chamber 165 by means of the reaction gas 60, since the fluidic connection of the chamber 165 to the distribution chamber 25 is ensured via the first through-opening 100.

[0077] To produce the distributor base 20, a first plate-shaped blank is provided in a first method step. The first plate-shaped blank is cut to size, and the first through-openings 100 for forming the first arrangement 95 are introduced into the first blank. This can be done, for example, by laser cutting or drilling the first through-openings 100 into the first blank.

[0078] In a second method step, a plate-shaped sheet material is provided. The second arrangement 120 of cover sections 125 is embossed into the sheet material, and the second through-openings 170 are cut into the sheet material. This can be done, for example, in a punching and bending step, which is preferably carried out in a single processing step, so that the cover sections 125 are embossed essentially simultaneously. Also, only a portion of the plurality of cover sections 125 can be embossed simultaneously in the punching and bending step. In the contact section, the sheet material remains essentially undeformed, so that the plate-shaped configuration of the contact section 130 is retained. Furthermore, the second through-openings are cut simultaneously. The cutting of the through-openings preferably takes place simultaneously with the embossing of the cover sections 125.

[0079] In a third method step, the second distributor plate 90 is positioned with the second underside 135 on the first upper side 110 such that the first through-openings 100 are not covered by the contact section 130 and the first through-openings 100 are arranged opposite the cover section 125 in the z-direction. As a result, a first through-opening 100 is covered by an associated cover section 125, and the chamber 165 is formed. Due to the one-piece and uniform material design of the second distributor plate 90, all cover sections 125 are aligned with the first arrangement of first through-openings 100 in the third method step, so that the time required to align the cover sections 125 is greatly reduced.

[0080] In a fourth method step, the material connection 145 for connecting the contact section 130 to the first distributor plate 85 is formed. In this case, the first distributor plate 85 can be welded to the second distributor plate 90 using the weld seams 180, 185, for example, using a laser welding process. Furthermore, this seals the chamber 165 in a fluid-tight manner in the circumferential direction. The weld seams 180, 185 are preferably continuous. This allows the distributor base 20 to be manufactured particularly easily in just a few method steps.

[0081] FIG 5 shows a schematic representation of a plan view of a fluidized bed reactor 10 according to a second embodiment.

[0082] The fluidized bed reactor 10 in FIG 5 is essentially identical to that in the FIGN 1 bis 4 The following will focus exclusively on the differences between the fluidized bed reactor 10 FIG 5 fluidized bed reactor 10 shown compared to the one shown in the FIGN 1 bis 4 shown fluidized bed reactor 10 according to the first embodiment.

[0083] The distributor base 20 has a first region 200 and at least one second region 205. The distributor base 20 can also have a third region 210. The distributor base 20 extends in its main direction of extension essentially in the x-direction. For example, the x-direction corresponds to a conveying direction of the fine ore 55 between the filling opening 35 and the removal opening 40. Laterally in the y-direction, the distributor base 20 is delimited by a side edge 215, 220.

[0084] The first region 200 is arranged in the x-direction between the filling opening 35 and the removal opening 40. The second through-openings 170 are shown schematically as partially annular segments in FIG 5 to show the arrangement of the second through-opening 170. Ideally, however, the second through-opening 170 is not visible in the plan view.

[0085] In the first region 200, the second through-openings 170 have the identical first orientation. The first orientation of the second through-openings 170 is preferably selected such that the second through-opening 170 is arranged on a side of the cover section 125 facing away from the filling opening 35. Furthermore, the second through-openings 170 in the first region 200 are aligned such that a volume flow of the reaction gas 60 is directed essentially in the direction of the removal opening 40, parallel to the x-axis.

[0086] In the second region 205, which is arranged in the x-direction between the first region 200 and the fill opening 35, the second through-openings 170 have a second orientation. The second orientation is, for example, different from the first orientation of the second through-openings 170 in the first region 200. The second through-openings 170 in the second region 205 can, for example, be aligned differently from one another. For example, the second orientation of the second through-opening 170 in the second region 205 is selected such that the second through-opening 170 is arranged on a side of the cover section 125 facing away from the fill opening 35. Furthermore, the second through-openings 170 in the second region 205 are aligned away from one another in the direction of the nearest side edge 215, 220.

[0087] In the third region 210, the second through-openings 170 have a third orientation. The third orientation is, for example, different from the first orientation and / or the second orientation. In the third region 210, the second through-openings 170 are arranged on a side of the cover sections 125 facing the removal opening 40.

[0088] In the third region 210, the second through-openings 170 are arranged on a side of the cover section 125 facing away from the filling opening 35, but also on a side of the cover section 125 facing away from the nearest side edge 215, 220. The second through-openings 170 are arranged on the side of the cover sections 125 facing the removal opening 40.

[0089] In operation of the FIG 5 In the fluidized-bed reactor 10 shown, the fine ore 55 is conveyed into the reactor chamber 30 via the filling opening 35. The fine ore 55 is first conveyed into the second region 205. The second orientation of the second through-openings 170, directed toward the side edge 215, 220 and the discharge opening 40, causes the fine ore 55 in the fluidized bed 65 to be transported away from the discharge opening 40 in the y-direction by the reaction gas 60 flowing out in the second region 205 and to be distributed across the entire width of the distributor base 20. As a result, a particularly large mass flow of fine ore 55 can be conveyed into the reactor chamber 30. The reaction gas 60 flows out of the second through-opening 170 at an angle to the x- and y-axis and distributes the fine ore 55 in the y-direction over the entire width of the distributor base 20 and conveys the fine ore 55 into the first region 200.

[0090] Distributed across the entire width, the fine ore 55 is treated primarily in the first region 200 and processed with the reaction gas 60 to form the reaction product 75. The fine ore 55 and the reaction product 75 are transported further in the x-direction from the filling opening 35 toward the discharge opening 40. The reaction gas 60 essentially flows out of the second passage opening 170 in the first region 200 in the x-direction and transports the fine ore 55 and the reaction product 75 toward the discharge opening 40.

[0091] Having reached the third region 210, the fine ore 55 or the reaction product 75 is concentrated and conveyed inwardly from the side edge 215, 220 toward the discharge opening 40 by the third orientation of the second through-openings 170. This allows the reaction product 75 to be removed particularly easily from the reactor chamber 30 via the discharge opening 40, without the need for additional mechanical aids to convey the reaction product 75 toward the discharge opening.

[0092] FIG 6 shows a schematic representation of a plan view of a fluidized bed reactor 10 according to a third embodiment.

[0093] The fluidized bed reactor 10 in FIG 6 is essentially identical to that in FIG 5 The following will focus exclusively on the differences between the fluidized bed reactor 10 FIG 6 shown fluidized bed reactor 10 compared to the one shown in the FIG 5 shown fluidized bed reactor 10 according to the second embodiment.

[0094] In addition, the distributor base 20 in FIG 6a first edge region 235 and preferably a second edge region 240. In the embodiment, the first edge region 235 and the second edge region 240 are provided by way of example. At least one of the two edge regions 235, 240 can also be omitted. In the x-direction, the first edge region 235 and the second edge region 240 are arranged between the filling opening 35 and the third region 210, for example. In the y-direction, the first edge region 235 and the second edge region 240 are arranged offset from the filling opening 35. The first edge region 235 adjoins the first side edge 215 in the transverse direction. The first edge region 235 borders on the inside of the first region 200 and preferably on the second region 205. Furthermore, the second edge region 240 adjoins the second side edge 220 in the transverse direction and is arranged opposite the first edge region 235 in the transverse direction.The second edge region 240 borders on the inside on the first region 200 and preferably on the second region 205.

[0095] In the first edge region 235, the second through-opening 170 is directed obliquely outward toward the first side edge 215 and away from the first region 200. Furthermore, the second through-opening 170 is arranged longitudinally on the side of the cover section 125 facing the third region 210. The orientation of the second through-opening 170 is selected, for example, such that the reaction gas 60 flows at a first acute angle α toward the first side edge 215 and in the x-direction toward the third region 210. The angle α can be 30° to 60°.

[0096] In the second edge region 240, the second through-opening 170 is directed obliquely outward toward the second side edge 220 and thus away from the first region 200. Furthermore, the second through-opening 170 is arranged longitudinally on the side of the cover section 125 facing the third region 210 and the second side edge 220. The orientation of the second through-opening 170 is selected, for example, such that the reaction gas 60 flows at a second acute angle β toward the second side edge 220 and in the x-direction toward the third region 210. The second angle β can be identical to the first angle α and / or can be between 30° and 60°.

[0097] This design has the advantage of better fluidizing the edge region of the fluidized bed 65 and thus minimizing negative edge effects on the fluidization behavior of the fine ore 55 and / or reaction product 75. List of reference symbols

[0098] 10 Fluidized bed reactor 15 Reactor 20 Distributor base 25 Distributor chamber 30 Reactor chamber 35 Filling opening 40 Discharge opening 45 Reaction gas supply 50 Reaction gas discharge 55 Fine ore 60 Reaction gas 65 Fluidized bed 70 Iron particle carrier 75 Reaction product 80 Spent reaction gas 85 First distributor plate 90 Second distributor plate 95 First arrangement 100 First through-opening 105 First bottom side 110 First top side 115 Straight section 120 Second arrangement 125 Cover section 130 Contact section 135 Second bottom side 140 Second top side 145 Material connection 150 Welded connection 155 First section 160 Second section 165 Chamber 170 Second through-opening 171 free end 172 cut surface 175 row 180 first weld 185 second weld 190 diamond 200 first area 205 second area 210 third area 215 first side edge 220 second side edge 230 layer 235 first edge area 240 second edge area

Claims

1. Fluidized bed reactor (10) for treating oxidic ore fines (55), in particular iron ore, - wherein the fluidized bed reactor (10) has a distributor base (20), a distributor chamber (25) and a reactor (15) having a reactor chamber (30), - wherein the distributor base (20) separates the reactor chamber (30) spatially from the distributor chamber (25), - wherein the distributor base (20) has a first distributor plate (85) and a second distributor plate (90) which is arranged on the first distributor plate (85), - wherein the first distributor plate (85) is arranged at a side facing the distributor chamber (25) and the second distributor plate (90) is arranged at a side facing the reactor chamber (30), - wherein the first distributor plate (85) has a first arrangement (95) comprising first through-openings (100) which extend from the distributor chamber (25) in a first direction (z) toward the reactor chamber (30), - wherein the second distributor plate (90) has an abutment portion (130) which extends in a plate-like manner and parallel with the first distributor plate (85), - wherein the second distributor plate (90) further has a second arrangement (120) comprising a large number of cover portions (125), - wherein the abutment portion (130) abuts with spacing from the first arrangement (95) of the first through-openings (100) against the first distributor plate (85), - wherein a cover portion (125) of the second arrangement (120) is in each case arranged with spacing in the first direction (z) with respect to an associated first through-opening (100) and covers the associated first through-opening (100) to the reactor chamber (30), - wherein the second distributor plate (90) has on each of the cover portions (125) a second through-opening (170) which is arranged in a manner inclined in a second direction (x, y) with respect to the straight line (115) so as to be offset with respect to the first through-opening (100), - wherein from the distributor chamber (25) via the first through-openings (100) and the second through-openings (170), a reaction gas (60) for treating the ore fines (55) and for forming a fluidized bed (65) comprising ore fines (55) and reaction gas (60) can be introduced into the reactor chamber (30).

2. Fluidized bed reactor (10) according to Claim 1, - wherein the abutment portion (130) mechanically connects to each other the cover portions (125), which are arranged offset relative to each other, of the second arrangement (120), - wherein the abutment portion (130) is mechanically connected to the first distributor plate (85), - wherein the second distributor plate (90) is preferably constructed integrally and in a materially uniform manner, - wherein preferably the second arrangement (120) of cover portions (125) is pressed into the second distributor plate (90) .

3. Fluidized bed reactor (10) according to either of the preceding claims, - wherein the first distributor plate (85) and the cover portion (125) delimit a chamber (165) in each case, - wherein the chamber (165) extends between the first through-opening (100) and the second through-opening (170) parallel with the first distributor plate (85) in the second direction (x, y).

4. Fluidized bed reactor (10) according to Claim 3, - wherein the chamber (165) has a chamber cross sectional surface-area, the first through-opening (100) has a first cross sectional surface-area and the second through-opening (170) has a second cross sectional surface-area, - wherein the second cross sectional surface-area is greater than the first cross sectional surface-area, - wherein the chamber cross sectional surface-area is greater than the second cross sectional surface-area.

5. Fluidized bed reactor (10) according to Claim 3 or 4, - wherein the chamber (165) has a chamber length (1) in the second direction (x, y) between the first through-opening (100) and the second through-opening (170), - wherein the second through-opening (170) has an opening height (h) in the first direction (z), - wherein the opening height (h) of the second through-opening (170) is smaller than the chamber length (1) of the chamber (165), - wherein a ratio of the chamber length (1) to the opening height (h) is preferably from 1 to 20 inclusive.

6. Fluidized bed reactor (10) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the second distributor plate (90) covers a first upper side (110) of the first distributor plate (85) in a manner inclined substantially in the first direction (z) relative to the first upper side (110) at least in the region of the first arrangement (95), preferably substantially completely.

7. Fluidized bed reactor (10) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the distributor base (20) has a first region (200) and at least a second region (205), - wherein, in the first region (200), the second through-openings (170) of the second arrangement (120) each have an identical first orientation, - wherein, in the second region (205), the second through-openings (170) of the second arrangement (120) each have a second orientation which is different from the first orientation.

8. Fluidized bed reactor (10) according to Claim 7, - having a filling opening (35) which opens into the reactor chamber (30) and a removal opening (40) which opens into the reactor chamber (30), - wherein the filling opening (35) is arranged opposite the removal opening (40) and via the filling opening (35) the ore fines (55) can be conveyed into the reactor chamber (30), - wherein, via the removal opening (40), a reaction product (75) from a reaction of the ore fines (55) can be conveyed with the reaction gas (60) out of the reactor chamber (30), - wherein the first region (200) is arranged between the filling opening (35) and the removal opening (40), - wherein, in the first region (200), the second through-opening (170) is in each case arranged at a side, facing the removal opening (40), of the cover portion (125).

9. Fluidized bed reactor (10) according to Claim 7 or 8, - wherein the second region (205) is arranged between the filling opening (35) and the first region (200), - wherein the second through-opening (170) in the second region (205) is arranged at a side facing away from the filling opening (35) and at a side facing a side edge (215, 220) of the distributor base (20) in such a manner that the ore fines (55) from the filling opening (35) can be distributed in the direction of the side edge (215, 220) by means of the outgoing reaction gas (60).

10. Fluidized bed reactor (10) according to one of Claims 7 to 9, - wherein the distributor base (20) has a third region (210), - wherein the third region (210) is arranged between the first region (200) and the removal opening (40), - wherein in the third region (210) the second through-openings (170) have in each case a third orientation which is different from the first orientation, - wherein the second through-opening (170) in the third region (210) is arranged in each case at a side facing the removal opening (40) and at a side of the cover portion (125) facing away from a side edge (215, 220) of the distributor base (20) in such a manner that the ore fines (55) and / or a reaction product (75) from a reaction of the ore fines (55) with the reaction gas (60) can be conveyed from the side edge (215, 220) in the direction of the removal opening (40) by means of the outgoing reaction gas (60).

11. Fluidized bed reactor (10) according to one of Claims 7 to 10, - wherein the distributor base (20) has at least one edge region (235, 240), - wherein the edge region (235, 240) is arranged between the first region (200) and the removal opening (40) and laterally adjacent to a side edge (215, 220) of the distributor base (20), - wherein the second through-opening (170) in the edge region (235, 240) is arranged in each case at a side facing the removal opening (40) and at a side of the cover portion (125) facing the side edge (215, 220) of the distributor base (20) in such a manner that the ore fines (55) and / or a reaction product (75) from a reaction of the ore fines (55) with the reaction gas (60) can be conveyed in the direction of the removal opening (40) by means of the outgoing reaction gas (60).

12. Fluidized bed reactor (10) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the second through-opening (170) is constructed in a slot-like manner, - wherein the second through-opening (170) substantially has a constant opening height (h) in the first direction (z).

13. Fluidized bed reactor (10) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein, at the circumference with respect to the straight line (115), the first distributor plate (85) and the abutment portion (130) are sealed in each case around a first through-opening (100), - wherein preferably, at the circumference around the first through-opening (100), in each case the abutment portion (130) is connected to the first distributor plate (85) in a materially engaging manner, preferably welded.

14. Fluidized bed reactor (10) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the cover portion (125) has a first part-region (155) and a second part-region (160), - wherein the first part-region (155) is arranged so as to extend parallel with the first distributor plate (85) and covers the first through-opening (100), - wherein the first part-region (155) covers the first through-opening (100) at least partially, - wherein the second part-region (160) is arranged in a manner inclined obliquely with respect to the first part-region (155) and connects the first part-region (155) to the abutment portion (130) .

15. Method for producing a fluidized bed reactor (10) according to one of the preceding claims, - wherein the first distributor plate (85) is provided with the first arrangement (95) of first through-openings (100), - wherein the second arrangement (120) with the large number of cover portions (125) is pressed into a plate-like sheet metal material and the second through-openings (170) are cut in the sheet metal material, preferably in one processing step, preferably punched, - wherein the second distributor plate (90) is arranged in such a manner on the first distributor plate (85) that the first through-opening (100) is covered by an associated cover portion (125) in each case, - wherein the abutment portion (130) is mechanically connected to the first distributor plate (85).