Intermediate storage dosing unit and system as well as method for taking samples of a fluid

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an intermediate storage and dosing unit for taking samples of a fluid. The intermediate storage and dosing unit comprises a container with an inlet and a two-way outlet. The two-way outlet has a riser pipe as a first outlet and a drain as a second outlet.

[0002] The invention further relates to a system and a method for taking samples of a fluid, preferably water. The system particularly comprises a sampling unit and at least one sample container, wherein the sampling unit is configured to provide a fluid and the at least one sample container is configured to receive and store a fluid. Fluid transfer is also possible between the sampling unit and the at least one sample container. The intermediate storage and dosing unit of the type mentioned above is interposed between the sampling unit and the at least one sample container. Background and state of the art

[0003] The taking of samples (or random samples) according to established procedures is a known technique. Sampling serves to make reliable statements about the quality, properties, or composition of a specific material. The goal is to generate a sample that is as representative and reproducible as possible, corresponding as closely as possible to the actual, real-world conditions at the time of sampling. Sampling is particularly relevant in connection with water and wastewater. Often, sampling is legally mandated. It is especially helpful in protecting surface waters, monitoring wastewater treatment processes, and identifying sources of discharge into the sewer system.

[0004] Furthermore, devices are known that enable automatic sampling.

[0005] Such devices are used, among other things, in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment plants or by water authorities. US 5433120 A, for example, discloses a sampler with a T-valve that has a motor control. However, devices known from the prior art have the disadvantage that a sample cannot be taken cumulatively over time and simultaneously subjected to filtration. Furthermore, these devices lack a "smart" sampling system that would allow different sample containers to be individually controlled and automatically filled, with storage under atmospheric seal.

[0006] US4697462A or US2020 / 390423A1 discloses an intermediate storage dosing unit for taking samples of a fluid in which the riser shaft is located outside the container. Object of the invention

[0007] The object of the invention was therefore to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a device, a system and a method for automated sampling, wherein a sample can be taken cumulatively over time and simultaneously subjected to filtration, and furthermore, a large number of individual sample containers can be filled individually. Summary of the invention

[0008] The problem solved by the invention is achieved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the invention relates to an intermediate storage dosing unit for taking samples of a fluid comprising a container with an inlet and a two-way outlet, wherein the two-way outlet a riser pipe as a first outlet and a drain as a second outlet.

[0010] The use of the proposed intermediate storage / dosing unit for taking fluid samples is neither known from the prior art nor is it recommended to a specialist in this context. The general aim when taking a sample is to preserve the current state of a fluid reservoir and subsequently analyze it. Therefore, it has not previously seemed practical to subject a sample to pre-processing or filtering before storing it.

[0011] It has been shown that an intermediate storage and dosing unit improves sample quality and, in particular, enables the generation of enhanced analyses. Specifically, the intermediate storage and dosing unit advantageously allows for the collection and controlled release of a fluid, preventing contamination of the sample by floating matter, sediment, or similar substances, while preserving all geochemical properties of the fluid and / or the sample. The intermediate storage and dosing unit thus enables, above all, temporally integrated and qualitatively improved sampling with unambiguous temporal correlation.

[0012] For example, during heavy rainfall events, larger volumes can initially be collected, and then a small sample can be (automatically) taken from them, thus covering a specific time period during a (rain) event for sampling. Furthermore, the inlet, which is preferably equipped with an inlet valve, can prevent further inflow, creating a reservoir that, after the initial sampling and emptying of the collection tank, can also be directly released and sampled.

[0013] For the purposes of the invention, the fluid is preferably a liquid. It can preferably be any liquid as well as suspensions. Furthermore, it can also include floating substances, suspended solids, and / or particles in a liquid. Preferably, the fluid can also be a gas.

[0014] The intermediate storage and dosing unit is preferably understood as a technical unit, assembly, or device that can receive a fluid via an inlet, (temporarily) store it in a container, and discharge it via an outlet. The fluid preferably undergoes filtration on its way between the inlet and outlet. Both the inlet and outlet are preferably compatible with a wide variety of piping systems, which allows the intermediate storage and dosing unit to be advantageously integrated into conventional fluid sampling systems without requiring major design modifications. The intermediate storage and dosing unit enables fluid filtration without the use of external energy.The inlet and outlet are preferably designed such that a fluid can be guided from the inlet to the outlet solely by gravity (in the case of liquids) or buoyancy (in the case of gases). Within the intermediate storage / dosing unit, the fluid can be separated from unwanted components or simply collected.

[0015] A two-way outlet is preferably understood as an outlet having two alternatively positioned outlets. These outlets can preferably be opened and / or closed individually. It is understood that the suspended substances of the fluid contained in the intermediate storage dosing unit are not completely and uniformly mixed within the container, resulting in the fluid exhibiting different properties in certain areas. By preferably placing the alternatively positioned outlets at different locations or positions within the intermediate storage dosing unit or the container, different areas or partial volumes of a fluid reservoir can be separated from one another. The two-way outlet can thus act as a filter unit.The two-way outlet according to the invention therefore particularly advantageously enables, in addition to the outlet itself, the separation of the fluid, preferably a liquid, from floating substances, suspended solids and / or particles.

[0016] In this respect, the riser pipe according to the invention fulfills a crucial function. The riser pipe is preferably positioned within the container of the intermediate storage dosing unit such that an outlet opening or pipe opening projects as far as possible into the container and is spaced away from the bottom or edge of the container. This advantageously allows a portion of the fluid contained in the container to be dispensed, a portion that is spaced away from and not affected by the edge of the container. For example, in the case of a liquid, sediments, floating substances, suspended solids, and / or particles often settle in the edge region, for instance, as sediment. By drawing the liquid from a region of the container far from the edge, it is advantageous to dispense the fluid that does not contain these sediments, floating substances, suspended solids, and / or particles.The sediments, floating materials, suspended solids, and / or particles remain in the intermediate storage / dosing unit. Preferably, the riser pipe is considered a first outlet. Within the container, the riser pipe is oriented such that the fluid, preferably a liquid, can be introduced into the pipe opening by gravity. In principle, this eliminates the need for a pump or other means to facilitate the flow of fluid, preferably a liquid, through the riser pipe. According to the invention, a riser pipe enables, among other things, the extraction of a sample from a water column within the intermediate storage / dosing unit.

[0017] To dispose of or examine coarse particles (e.g., particle clumps) as well as contaminants remaining in the container (sediments, floating materials, suspended solids, and / or particles or sediment), a drain, also referred to as a second outlet, is provided. Preferably, the drain has a significantly larger outlet opening compared to the riser pipe, which is located in a rim or bottom area of ​​the container of the intermediate storage dosing unit. It is understood that particles, floating materials, and sediments settle at the bottom or rim of the container due to gravity, forming sediment, which can also accumulate on the drain's closure. By opening the closure, any fluid remaining in the container of the intermediate storage dosing unit, along with the contaminants, can be disposed of via a drain line.Particularly preferably, a sample can be taken through the preferred riser pipe, while after the filling process excess sample water is disposed of gravitationally via the drain.

[0018] The container included in the proposed intermediate storage dosing unit preferably tapers conically, at least in sections, towards the two-way outlet. The container is preferably divided into two sections: an upper cylindrical section and a lower section that tapers conically towards an outlet. This taper makes the container act like a funnel, ensuring, in particular, that the entire contents of the container can be emptied. The terms "top" and "bottom" are to be understood in relation to a base, with an upper section of the container being located at a greater distance from a base than a lower section.

[0019] In a further preferred embodiment, the intermediate storage dosing unit is characterized in that the outlet of the two-way port and / or the inlet can each be closed by a valve, preferably a ball valve. By closing the outlet and / or the inlet, the quantity of fluid within the intermediate storage dosing unit can be controlled. For example, the flow rate of the fluid can be controlled. The fluid can also advantageously be collected cumulatively over a period of time by preferably keeping the inlet open and the outlet closed.

[0020] The valve is preferably designed as a ball valve. Ball valves are generally small and can ensure sufficient tightness even at high pressures. Furthermore, they offer rapid actuation. Preferably, the ball valve can be opened and closed by a motor. In addition, ball valves have a large flow cross-section and advantageously do not require lubricants that could contaminate the sample. Another advantage is that a ball valve has a very small dead volume, as this is located directly within the flow path. This is important for high sample quality to prevent sample carryover.The full cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe is preferably cleared when opening, which is an important requirement for gravity filling so that the liquid column moves from the collecting funnel (preferably sample collection unit) to the collecting vessel (preferably container) on its own.

[0021] The ball valve is preferably selected from the group: One-piece reduced bore ball valve with female thread, where "one-piece" refers to the body of the ball valve; two-piece full bore ball valve with female threads (I / I), where "two-piece" refers to the body of the ball valve, as also analogously in the following embodiments; two-piece full bore ball valve with female / male thread (I / A); three-piece full bore ball valve with female thread and ISO-TOP (actuator); three-way full bore ball valve with T or L bore, female thread and ISO-TOP 5211 for actuator; mini ball valve I / I or I / A; one-piece compact ball valve; two-piece flanged ball valve; three-piece ball valve with cutting ring or press connection; ball drain valve (KFE valve)

[0022] The ball valve is particularly preferred as a 2 / 2 way valve, which includes two ports and two positions with a through-hole.

[0023] In a further preferred embodiment, the intermediate storage dosing unit is characterized in that the intermediate storage dosing unit has a filter unit comprising a filter carrier and a filter substrate; wherein the filter carrier is designed as a grid insert with a wall and a mounting element; wherein a channel acting as an overflow and / or serving to vent the container is provided in the wall and the mounting element; wherein the filter substrate rests on the grid insert and preferably comprises a fleece.

[0024] In addition to the aforementioned separation of the fluid from sediments, floating materials, suspended solids, and / or particles or sediment via the two-way outlet, the filter unit serves to further filter the sample or fluid. This results in higher quality samples, which can then be subjected to more effective analysis. Aspects such as the occurrence of sample contamination can be minimized by the intermediate storage and dosing unit according to the invention.

[0025] Furthermore, filtering the fluid does not contaminate the sample, but merely simplifies its analysis. The filter unit is preferably designed to filter the fluid in a way that preserves the geochemical properties of the fluid and / or the sample. It is also advantageous that the proposed filter unit, in addition to its filtering function, allows for the venting of the container. Likewise, the channel within the filter unit can act as an overflow, preventing the fluid from exceeding a certain volume within the container. This protects, among other things, the electronics inside the device housing from damage.

[0026] The filter support is preferably a carrying and / or supporting element that can support, hold, or accommodate a filter, in particular a filter substrate. The filter support preferably holds the filter substrate in such a way that a fluid passes through the filter substrate on its way from an inlet to an outlet. Particularly preferably, the filter substrate is arranged such that sufficient free space is available upstream and downstream of the substrate to allow the fluid to pass through it without obstruction.

[0027] According to the invention, the wall is designed in the form of a ring and preferably has a shoulder at its upper edge, which is referred to as a mounting element. The ring-shaped wall is preferably placed inside the container of the intermediate storage dosing unit and positioned onto a container rim via the mounting element. The ring-shaped wall also preferably has an outer diameter that is essentially the same size as the inner diameter of the container in a cylindrical section.

[0028] Terms such as "essentially", "approximately", "about", "about", etc., preferably describe a tolerance range of less than ± 40%, preferably less than ± 20%, particularly preferably less than ± 10%, even more preferably less than ± 5%, and particularly less than ± 1%, and always include the exact value. "Similar" preferably describes quantities that are "approximately the same". "Partially" preferably describes at least 5%, particularly preferably at least 10%, and particularly at least 20%, and in some cases at least 40%.

[0029] Preferably, the grid insert is included in the filter unit, which can, for example, serve as a filter carrier. The grid insert is designed to hold the filter substrate, with the free space in the grid allowing the fluid to flow away advantageously and preventing fluid buildup. The grid insert is preferably circular and is preferably inserted within the annular wall. The wall preferably has a clamping element in which the grid insert can be securely clamped. Furthermore, the diameter of the grid insert preferably corresponds substantially to the inner diameter of the annular wall. Preferably, the grid insert can be press-fitted into the annular wall, so that the transition between the wall and the grid insert is watertight and therefore sealed.

[0030] The wall and mounting element enclosed within the filter unit preferably have a channel, as described, which can act as an overflow and / or serve to vent the container. The channel is preferably designed to allow pressure equalization while preventing the exchange of substances or gases with the environment or the exterior of the intermediate storage dosing unit. In particular, the channel ensures that, with the inlet valve closed, no free surfaces of the collected fluid in the container come into direct contact with the exterior of the intermediate storage dosing unit, thus preventing evaporation. A preferably downward-facing hose connection to the atmosphere further prevents free flow and evaporation (with the inlet valve closed).

[0031] It is understood that a filter substrate preferably retains solids from a fluid (gas or liquid stream). Preferably, the filter substrate is a flexible filter medium, for example, a woven fabric, paper, or nonwoven (fiber-oriented nonwovens such as felts and random fiber nonwovens such as spunbond nonwovens). Particularly preferably, the filter substrate is a sheet-like nonwoven that can completely cover the grid insert and is held in place by it. The major advantage of filtration with nonwoven lies in its flexibility. The filter unit can be quickly converted for a new filtration task by simply replacing the filter fleece. Preferably, the filter fleece can also be bonded to the grid insert, which advantageously eliminates dead volume (unlike clamping, for example). Depending on the application (e.g.,Depending on the fluid used, various materials are employed, such as synthetic fibers (made of polyester, polyphenylene sulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, etc.), ceramic fibers / sintered bodies, cellulose fibers, glass fibers, or even metals and mixtures of the aforementioned fibers. These can be chemically or physically treated and may have surface coatings.

[0032] The grid insert for the filter fleece is preferably designed such that as little water as possible is retained through adhesion. A column structure promotes the drainage of any adhering water, with the columns being rounded on their upper surface, on which the filter fleece preferably rests (see also...). Fig. 2 At the same time, the grid insert or columns have a certain height that serves stability, while having a minimal surface area compared to a conventional grid as a support.

[0033] In another preferred embodiment, the filter holder is a 3D-printed component. Preferably, all elements of the filter holder, namely the wall with the mounting element and the grid insert, are manufactured individually. The fact that the filter holder can be printed offers significant advantages in its production. For example, individual filter holders can be produced for each intermediate storage / dosing unit, precisely tailored to the container. The intermediate storage / dosing unit can preferably differ in size and shape (depending on the intended use). Furthermore, the design of the filter holder can preferably also be adapted to the filter substrate. Advantageously, the filter holder also requires no post-processing and can be manufactured as a replacement part at any time.Furthermore, the process allows for high accuracy and also leads to very fast production times.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, the printing time is preferably about 25 hours. Post-processing and insertion of the nonwoven fabric preferably takes about 3 hours. Compared to CNC manufacturing, internal spiral channels are advantageously possible.

[0035] A particularly preferred filter carrier is a Low Force Stereolithography (LFS) printed component. Low Force Stereolithography (LFS) technology is a preferred method of SLA 3D printing and is familiar to the average professional. This preferred form of SLA printing utilizes a flexible tank and linear illumination, which significantly reduces the forces acting on the parts being manufactured, resulting in improved surface quality and printing accuracy. Lower printing forces also allow for the use of touch-sensitive support structures that can be easily removed.

[0036] In other preferred variants, other preferred 3D printing processes are also possible for the production of the filter carrier, such as FDM printing processes.

[0037] In a further preferred embodiment, the intermediate storage dosing unit comprises a housing that includes the container according to the invention as well as electronics for a data processing unit and / or control unit. The area below the filter unit within the container is preferably vented freely to the outside via the channel. Furthermore, the container is preferably closed with a lid element, the lid element having, on the one hand, an opening for the inlet and, on the other hand, further openings and / or penetrations for drawing in air above the filter unit. The openings and / or penetrations for drawing in air preferably include a check valve, which has the function of allowing the sample water to flow out when there is negative pressure in the container (closed inlet valve).

[0038] If the container overflows, separate connections, preferably located above and below the filter unit, can drain the water. Both connections can be connected via hoses to the drain, preferably to an outlet valve unit, and then separated. This ensures that no water, regardless of the operating condition, can enter the open housing of the intermediate storage dosing unit. There, it could potentially cause condensation on the electronics.

[0039] In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a system for taking samples of a fluid, preferably water, comprising a. a sampling unit designed to provide a fluid; b. at least one sample container designed to receive and store a fluid; wherein fluid transfer is possible between the sample collection unit and the at least one sample vessel; characterized in that an intermediate storage dosing unit of the type described in the previous embodiments is interposed between the sample collection unit and the at least one sample vessel.

[0040] The proposed system can preferably be used for sampling all types of water, e.g., rain, river, lake, spring, well, borehole, snow, soil moisture, sap flow (plant water), and inline in processes such as drinking water production, wastewater or process water, as well as all other liquids, including hydrocarbons and gases. A person skilled in the art will recognize that the advantages, technical effects, and preferred embodiments discussed in connection with the inventive intermediate storage dosing unit apply analogously to the inventive system for taking samples of a fluid, preferably water. Likewise, all advantages, technical effects, and preferred embodiments described in the context of the system are transferable to the intermediate storage dosing unit.

[0041] In particular, the system, via its intermediate storage and dosing unit, enables sample filtration (while preserving the geochemical properties of the fluid), controlled fluid transfer, and / or cumulative sample collection over time, thereby improving the quality of the analysis results. Above all, the system offers the possibility of providing a particularly compact sampling setup, requiring only a few system components and—once configured—able to be used for a large number of samples and analyses without further modifications. Due to the small number of components, the system allows for a particularly compact design that can be individually adapted to specific sampling requirements.

[0042] Preferably, the sample collection unit can be, for example, a rainwater collection funnel, a pump, a suction candle, a gravity feed, or a lysimeter. Advantageously, a rainwater collection funnel, a suction candle, or a gravity feed does not require energy to supply a fluid, whereas a pump enables an advantageously controlled, continuous supply of a fluid.

[0043] It is understood that the sample vessel according to the invention is preferably an object that has a cavity in its interior, which serves in particular the purpose of separating its contents from its environment. The sample vessel can preferably be a flexible and / or a substantially rigid object, wherein it is made of a material and / or has means that hermetically seal a sample against the atmosphere.

[0044] According to the invention, fluid transfer is preferably possible when at least two entities (for example, a sample collection unit, a sample container, or an intermediate storage / dosing unit) are in fluid communication with each other. Fluid transfer means, in particular, that a fluid can flow from one entity to another via a line. Preferably, a line connection can exist between a preferred sample container, a sample collection unit, and / or an intermediate storage / dosing unit. The intermediate storage / dosing unit is preferably interposed in the line connection between the sample collection unit and at least one sample container, and a fluid can be directed from the sample collection unit to the sample container via the intermediate storage / dosing unit.

[0045] In a further preferred embodiment, the system is characterized in that the system comprises a piping system connected to the intermediate storage dosing unit, in particular to the riser pipe as the second outlet of the intermediate storage dosing unit, and that at least one sample vessel can be connected to or disconnected from the piping system, wherein, in the case of a sample vessel connected to the piping system, a fluid transfer between the intermediate storage dosing unit and the at least one sample vessel is possible.

[0046] This advantageously enables a cascadable modular structure of the system according to the invention, whereby sample vessels can be connected in series and, depending on requirements, can be individually controlled and switched to or from the piping system via suitable interfaces, thereby enabling fluid transfer between the intermediate storage / dosing unit and the respective sample vessel. Furthermore, arbitrary scaling of the number of samples and sample vessels is possible. Thus, at least one sample vessel can be switched to or from the piping system, and the preferred system is not limited to a maximum number of sample vessels. For example, from 2 to several hundred sample vessels (theoretically, there is no limit) can be individually switched to or from the piping system.The system is therefore advantageously expandable in a particularly simplified form at any time and allows the invention to be flexibly configured for the application.

[0047] The piping system preferably serves to transport fluids (gases and liquids). Preferably, the piping system comprises pipes, pipe connections, hoses, and / or associated fittings. Furthermore, pumping devices are preferably also used to assist in the transport of the fluid.

[0048] In a further preferred embodiment, the system is characterized in that the system comprises a data processing unit and an identification number, a control unit and a valve are assigned to the at least one sample vessel, wherein the control unit is in data communication with the data processing unit and is configured to open and / or close the valve; wherein the data processing unit is configured to generate level-dependent and / or sample vessel-dependent control commands and to address the control unit using the identification number and to transmit the control commands to the control unit; wherein, when the valve is open, the sample vessel is connected to the piping system and, when the valve is closed, the sample vessel is disconnected from the piping system.

[0049] This advantageously leads to a "smart" system, which in particular features automated control intelligence, whereby changes to the control process can be made automatically during sample extraction. The proposed system for solving the aforementioned problem is neither known from the prior art nor readily apparent to a person skilled in the art. Rather, the system according to the invention is to be regarded as a departure from the prior art, in which, in particular, sampling is carried out without pre-filtering of a fluid and, moreover, often requires manual monitoring, analysis, transfer, and / or processing steps.Whereas the system according to the invention offers the possibility of carrying out a fully automatic process for taking discrete samples of a fluid, preferably water, wherein in particular the fluid is pre-filtered, but the geo-chemical properties of the fluid and / or the sample are retained.

[0050] According to the invention, a data processing unit preferably comprises means for generating, processing, storing, transmitting, and receiving data. The data processing unit is preferably connected to one or more control units and to sensors included in the system (e.g., fluid level sensors), enabling bidirectional data transfer between these system components. In a preferred embodiment, the data processing unit executes algorithms and calculations by receiving input data from the control units or sensors and, after execution of the algorithms, generating output data that includes adapted control commands for the control unit.The advantage of such an arrangement is that the control units and sensors do not need to be equipped with components (or only with low-capacity components) for data processing (processor) and data storage, thus advantageously achieving low energy consumption, particularly when autonomous field operation is desired. A further advantage is that the data processing unit can incorporate a large number of recorded data from various sensors and control units for its analysis and algorithm execution, enabling comprehensive analysis. The data processing unit can preferably be designed as a server connected to the internet, allowing access by other end devices. This allows various responsible parties or individuals to be informed about sample collection at any time.The system can preferably be controlled via software installed on the data processing unit, which can also be configured wirelessly from a terminal device via an app-based interface.

[0051] If a system comprises a large number of sample containers with associated control units, the control units are preferably interconnected via an electronic bus system. This advantageously results in data transmission between the data processing unit and the respective control units occurring via a common transmission path. The cabling between the control units connected to a bus system is preferably standardized. Consequently, the number of required data lines is significantly reduced. Furthermore, the data lines are also shorter, as they are preferably not individually wired to the data processing unit. The type, volume, and direction of the data to be transmitted are also irrelevant, as long as the bus system is not overloaded.Preferably, the bus system has a transmitting and receiving unit which is wirelessly connected to the data processing unit, wherein the transmitting and receiving unit of the bus system can forward the data of the data processing unit to the various control units via the data line of the bus system.

[0052] According to the invention, a control unit preferably comprises means for generating, processing, storing, transmitting, and receiving data. The control unit is preferably connected to the data processing unit. Furthermore, the control unit preferably comprises means that can convert an electrical signal into mechanical movements and thus actively intervene in a controlled process. According to the invention, the control unit is designed to enable directed influence on the behavior of the valve. In a preferred embodiment, the control unit is capable of controlling and regulating the valve. In controlling, the valve is influenced by means of a manipulated variable – without the controlled variable having any feedback effect on the manipulated variable. According to the invention, regulating is preferably a process in which the "actual value" of a quantity is determined and adjusted to a "target value."The "actual value" is preferably determined, for example, by sensors to ascertain the fill level within a sample vessel. By controlling the valve via the control unit, it is advantageously possible to react to changes in the fill level in sample vessels within a short time and to adjust the valve accordingly. The control unit preferably incorporates microchips connected to the preferred bus system. Distributed control intelligence with microchips saves energy and reduces the complexity of assembly. The individual control units or microchips are preferably connected via a bus system in any topology. However, this can preferably also be implemented wirelessly via appropriate interfaces. This eliminates the need to individually wire each valve to open and / or close it.

[0053] Preferably, each sample vessel and its associated control unit are assigned an identification number. This identification number can preferably be a unique alphanumeric address, allowing each control unit in the system to be reached. It is understood that, according to the invention, any number of sample vessels, each with its own individual valve and control unit, are included in the system. These can, for example, be connected in series. The unique identification number (ID) is preferably stored in a protocol and enables unambiguous sample assignment.

[0054] In accordance with the invention, switched-off sample containers are preferably sealed off individually and in particular Hermitian sealed, so that long-term preservation in the sample containers is made possible.

[0055] For the purposes of the invention, level-dependent control commands are preferably commands that depend, for example, on a fill level in the intermediate storage dosing unit and / or in the individual sample containers (but are not limited to this). For example, when a sample container is full, the control command can include closing the sample container by means of a valve. The level-dependent control commands can be obtained by automated analysis of the data processing unit, which preferably receives information regarding the respective fill levels of all sample containers and the intermediate storage dosing unit from various sensors included in the system.

[0056] Sample container-dependent control commands are, among other things, commands that depend on a sample container, for example, on the volume of a sample container or on a specific selection or addressing of a sample container (but are not limited to these). Sample container-dependent control commands can be obtained through automated analyses by the data processing unit or through user input via an interface (for example, when a specific sample container is to be connected to the piping system or filled, and is selected by the user).

[0057] In another preferred embodiment, the system is characterized in that The piping system includes an inline pump designed to create a fluid flow between the intermediate storage dosing unit and a sample vessel connected to the piping system; the control unit is designed to control the valve via an actuator.

[0058] An actuator is preferably understood to be a drive unit that converts an electrical signal (commands issued by the control unit) into mechanical movements or changes in physical quantities, thereby actively intervening in the controlled process. The combination of actuator and control unit enables a fully automated system, allowing for the controlled filling of individual sample containers.

[0059] The system according to the invention is further preferably configured to perform a rinsing process by disconnecting all sample containers from the piping system and preferably providing the piping system with an additional drain at its end. This prevents, among other things, individual samples from being mixed and thus contaminated.

[0060] In a further preferred embodiment, the inline pump is designed as a peristaltic pump. The pump can preferably convey a fluid and / or a sample in two directions. After a sample container has been completely filled, the inline pump preferably runs in reverse, thereby completely emptying any excess air space from the individual sample. This serves, among other things, to ensure that only a fluid and not an air-water mixture is conveyed. Furthermore, the air contained in the sample and the line leading to the sample is advantageously removed, so that no chemical reactions can occur between the trapped air and the sample.

[0061] In another preferred embodiment, the system is characterized in that the valve is designed as a ball valve, preferably as a three-way valve; the intermediate storage dosing unit comprises a fluid level sensor which is configured to monitor the fluid level in the container, wherein the fluid level sensor is in data communication with the data processing unit and provides it with a level-related parameter; the data processing unit is configured to generate level-dependent control commands based on the level-related parameter.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, the data processing unit is configured to analyze the level-related parameters of the fluid level sensor and subsequently generate level-dependent control commands. The analysis is therefore preferably considered a computer-implemented process step. Such an analysis can preferably take the form of a comparison between reference data or be performed using artificial intelligence algorithms.

[0063] Preferably, the ball valve is designed as a three-way valve with a T-port in a T2 configuration. In the unactuated position, the T-port is preferably in the flow-through position, and the sample flows through the valve (the respective sample container is tightly sealed; fluid transfer with the intermediate storage / dosing unit is not possible). When actuated, the T-port preferably moves towards the respective sample container and diverts the sample flow into it until a corresponding sample volume is reached (fluid transfer with the intermediate storage / dosing unit is possible). The valve then returns to the unactuated / flow-through position, permanently and hermetically sealing the sample. The actuator preferably actuates the ball valve via a pluggable drive with fixed 90° stops.

[0064] In a further preferred embodiment, the system is characterized in that it comprises at least two sample containers, and the sample containers can be filled sequentially within the piping system. Filling more than one sample container allows for the collection of a large number of different samples. Since the proposed system can be expanded with any number of sample containers, there is no limit to the number of different samples. The preferred data processing unit can log the filling of all sample containers, so that, advantageously, even retrospectively, each sample container can be assigned at least one time and one fluid, regardless of the number of samples.

[0065] In a further preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a method for taking samples of a fluid, preferably water, characterized in that a. a fluid is provided by a sample collection unit of an intermediate storage dosing unit according to one or more claims 1 to 3; b. a fluid level sensor continuously detects the fluid level in the container of the intermediate storage dosing unit and provides a level-related parameter to a data processing unit; c. the data processing unit generates sample container-dependent and level-dependent control commands; d. the control commands are transmitted to a control unit associated with a sample container; e. the control unit opens a valve associated with the sample container via an actuator; f. fluid transfer between the intermediate storage dosing unit and the sample container occurs by an inline pump generating a fluid flow; g.The sample vessel receives and stores the fluid and seals hermetically, with the inline pump preferably running in reverse before the hermetic sealing of the sample vessel in order to skim off the air contained in the sample vessel and the line.

[0066] The combination of the proposed process steps leads to a surprising synergy effect, resulting in the advantageous properties and overall success of the invention, with the individual features interacting with one another. A key advantage of the inventive process is the requirement for very few process steps and system components, while still generating an extremely robust and fault-resistant infrastructure for taking samples of a fluid, preferably water. Due to its small number of system components and process steps, the process can be advantageously implemented in a particularly simplified manner in existing systems or devices by adding an intermediate storage dosing unit and a data processing unit.The innovation of the inventive method further lies in the fact that the taking of a sample can be carried out fully automatically, and the method also exhibits extremely high reliability. FIGURES

[0067] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to figures, without being limited to them. Brief description of the characters

[0068] Fig. 1 Cross-sectional view of a preferred container with a preferred filter unit for a preferred intermediate storage dosing unit Fig. 2 Illustration of a preferred grid insertion Fig. 3 Cross-sectional view of a preferred intermediate storage dosing unit Fig. 4 Illustration of a preferred piping system with eight switchable sample vessels Fig. 5 Cross-sectional view of a preferred sample vessel and connection to a preferred piping system Fig. 6Schematic representation of a preferred system Detailed description of the figures

[0069] Fig. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a preferred container 10 with a preferred filter unit 11 for a preferred intermediate storage dosing unit 1. The container 10 It is preferably divided into two sections: an upper cylindrical section and a lower section that tapers conically towards an outlet. The upper cylindrical section has a projection that extends onto a container holder. 16 can be placed on it. The filter unit 11 preferably lies inside the container 10 inserted in the upper cylindrical section. The filter unit 11 preferably includes a wall 15 with an attachment element 17, where the wall 15is designed in a ring shape, thus forming a closed ring, and has a step at its upper edge, which serves as a mounting element. 17 The ring-shaped wall is described as follows: 15 is inside the container 10 placed and via the mounting element 17 placed on the upper edge of the container, particularly on the overhang of the container. Within the ring-shaped wall 15 A grid insert is preferred 13 used. The wall 15 features a clamping element in which the grid insert 13 It can be clamped securely in position. On the upper cylindrical section of the container. 10 A lid element is preferred 18 attached, whereby the attachment element 17 between lid element 18 and the edge of the container 10 is positioned. The lid element 18preferably comprises two knurled screws diagonally opposite each other when viewed from above. 20, tall design that fits into the container holder 16 can be screwed in, with the bracket positioned between 16 and the lid element 18 the protrusion of the container rim and the mounting element 17 can be clamped in a force-fit manner (In Fig 1 (Only one of the two is visible in the cross-sectional view at the top left). In the wall 15 are preferably grooves for two O-rings, which contribute to holding the filter unit in a fixed position. 11 The O-rings, as seals, together with a preferred third seal at the top under the cover element, provide the necessary performance. 18 are required for external sealing. The filter unit 11 as well as the grid insert 13 They can preferably be removed by hand without tools, e.g., for cleaning. The entire intermediate storage dosing unit1, especially the container 10, can also be done without tools after loosening the two knurled screws mentioned. 20 It can be removed for cleaning or replacement. The ring-shaped wall 15 It also preferably has an outer diameter that is essentially the same size as the inner diameter of the container. 10 in the upper cylindrical section.

[0070] Fig. 2 shows a representation of a preferred grid insertion 13. The grid insert 13 is preferably designed to be installed in a wall shaped like a ring 15 to be inserted, whereby the diameter of the grid insert 13 essentially the inner diameter of the ring-shaped wall 15 corresponds. Preferably the grid insert 13 via a press fit into the ring-shaped wall 15 be introduced so that the transition between wall 15and grid insert 13 It is waterproof and therefore sealed. The grid insert 13 It is also designed to hold a filter substrate on grid elements. The filter substrate can, for example, consist of a fleece.

[0071] The preferred grid insert 13 On the one hand, it should provide optimal support (evenly distributed contact points) and stability for the very delicate and fine filter fleece (preferably 105 µm mesh size, more preferably 300 µm, and especially a maximum of 500 µm). On the other hand, the grid insert should 13 When wetting with the sample fluid, retain as little of it as possible. For this reason, the grid insert includes 13 preferably small columns on which the fleece rests (filter fleece and grid insert) 13(The columns are preferably bonded together at their outer circumference). This minimizes retention when a fluid film forms droplets that follow a drainage path, then merge and become heavy enough to fall into the container. The grid struts between the drip columns are preferably narrow and as few in number as possible, serving only to support the aforementioned columns. In a further step, the columns can incorporate drip tips in a lower section. All inner intersections and edges of the grid struts are preferably rounded with small radii to minimize adhesion.

[0072] Fig. 3 shows a sectional view of a preferred intermediate storage dosing unit 1. The preferred intermediate storage dosing unit 1 includes in particular a container 10 with an entrance 12and a two-way outlet. The container 10 It tapers conically towards the two-way outlet. The two-way outlet includes a riser pipe. 5 as a first outlet and a drain 7 as a second outlet. The drain 7 of the two-way outlet and the inlet 12 are preferably by means of a ball valve 9 lockable. Furthermore, the intermediate storage dosing unit features 1 a filter unit 11 up. The filter unit 11 preferably consists of a ring-shaped wall 15 with an attachment element 17, wherein the ring-shaped wall 15 has an outer diameter that is essentially the same size as the inner diameter of the container 10. The filter unit 11 is preferably connected to the container via two circumferential O-rings (made of EPDM or NBR). 10 sealed. The mounting element17 the wall 15 is preferably applied to the upper edge of the container 10 attached. The wall, designed as a ring. 15 It also features a design that allows for the insertion of a grid. 13, to be inserted and clamped inside. Preferably in the wall. 15 and the mounting element 17 a device acting as an overflow and / or for venting the container 10 serving channel 19 inserted. Furthermore, a filter substrate preferably lies on the grid insert. 13 on, the filter substrate preferably comprising a fleece. The channel 19 enables pressure equalization, with no free surfaces of a collected fluid in direct contact with the outside of the container. 10 This arrangement counteracts evaporation. With the inlet valve closed, air is drawn through a downward-leading hose connection to the atmosphere.9 Advantageously, this prevents free flow or evaporation. However, as long as the inlet valve... 9 If the container is open, gas exchange can occur. 10 possible with the atmosphere.

[0073] Fig. 4 shows a preferred piping system 23 with eight switchable sample vessels 3. Each sample container 3 is preferably an identification number, a control unit 21 and assigned a valve. Any control unit is preferred. 21 in data connection with a central data processing unit. The data processing unit is specifically designed to generate level-dependent and / or sample container-dependent control commands and to select a control unit based on the identification number. 21 to address and send control commands to the selected control unit 21 to transmit. The control unit 21However, it is designed to control the valve via an actuator, taking into account the control commands, and to supply a sample vessel. 3 to open and / or close the assigned valve.

[0074] The sample vessels preferably consist of groups of four, which are freely movable and positionable on mounting profiles with T-nuts. This allows for a universal arrangement in all spatial directions and for all vessel sizes. The concept is therefore also suitable for laboratory setups, measuring chamber installations, and equipment box installations. The three-way valves are preferably actuated by servo drives with valve position feedback.

[0075] Fig. 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a preferred sample vessel 3 as well as its connection to a preferred pipeline system 23. The sample container 3is preferably designed as a commercially available syringe comprising a movable, sealed piston that provides a variable, yet sealed, sample volume. The system preferably includes an inline pump configured to supply a fluid flow between the intermediate storage dosing unit 1 (not in Fig. 5 (shown) and one of the pipeline system 23 to produce the connected sample vessel 3. The piping system 23 The material preferably comprises FEP (tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer), which has extremely low diffusion permeability and thus provides good long-term storage conditions for samples. The sample vessel 3 is preferably associated with a valve which is controlled by a control unit. 21 It can be switched to an open and / or closed position using an actuator.

[0076] The in Fig. 5AThe illustrated embodiment shows a switched-off sample vessel. 3, where the valve is a ball valve 9 (T-valve) is in a closed position. Therefore, the fluid cannot be introduced into sample vessel 3 and is blocked by the ball valve. 9 (T-valve) over the sample container 3 directed away. In the closed position of the valve. 9 will the sample container 3 Hermitian closed.

[0077] The in Fig. 5B The illustrated embodiment, however, shows a conduit system 23 connected sample vessel 3 by means of a ball valve 9 The (T-valve) is switched to an open position. In this open position, the sample can be placed into the sample container. 3 to be filled. The fluid is then passed through the ball valve. 9 (T-valve) into the sample container 3 guided.

[0078] Fig. 6Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a preferred system for taking samples of a fluid, preferably water. The preferred system particularly comprises a sample collection unit. 2 as well as eight sample containers 3, wherein the sample collection unit 2 is set up to provide a fluid and the respective sample containers 3 are designed to absorb and store a fluid. Between the sample collection unit 2 and the respective sample containers 3 Fluid transfer is preferably possible. Furthermore, the sample collection unit 2 and the sample containers 3 an intermediate storage dosing unit 1 interposed.

[0079] The sample collection unit 2It can be designed, for example, as a rainwater collection funnel, a pump, a suction candle, a gravitational inflow, or a lysimeter. This allows, for instance, larger volumes to be collected during heavy rainfall events, from which one or more small samples can then be taken.

[0080] A sample is first taken via the sample collection unit. 2 into the intermediate storage dosing unit 1 transferred. The intermediate storage dosing unit 1 preferably includes an inlet 12, which is preferably achieved through a motor-controlled ball valve 9 It can be sealed. Furthermore, the intermediate storage dosing unit has... 1 a container 10 and a filter unit 11 (not in Fig. 6 (shown), in order to filter and collect the provided sample. Furthermore, the intermediate storage dosing unit 1a two-way outlet designed, namely a riser pipe 5 as a first outlet and a drain 7 as a second outlet. The riser pipe 5 It is used to take samples from a water column to prevent contamination of the system by suspended solids and sediment. The outflow 7 In contrast, it serves to remove excess sample fluid by gravity after a filling process. The drain 7 preferably also by means of a motor-driven ball valve 9 sealed.

[0081] Via the riser pipe 5 preferably with a peristaltic pump 25 the sample then into a preferred piping system 23 transported. Before each filling process, the entire piping system is checked. 23 The sample was rinsed to prevent carryover of a previous sample. The sample containers 3preferably a valve is assigned, each of which has control units 21 They can be switched to an open and / or closed position using an actuator. The sample vessels 3 This allows them to be individually adapted to the piping system 23 They can be connected so that they can be filled with the sample.

[0082] During a rinsing process, all sample containers are cleaned. 3 the pipeline system 23 shut down, whereby the power grid 23 preferably has an additional outlet at its end. The sample containers 3 are preferably hermetically sealed and thus ensure long-term preservation of the sample without exchange with the environment. Before the hermetic sealing of the sample container 3 Is the peristaltic pump running? 25 preferably in reverse, to remove the sample from the sample container 3 and to skim off the air contained in the pipe. REFERENCE MARK LIST

[0083] 1 Intermediate storage dosing unit 2 Sample collection unit 3 Sample container 5 Riser pipe 7 Drain 9 Ball valve 10 Container 11 Filter unit 12 Inlet 13 Grid insert 15 Wall 16 Container bracket 17 Mounting element 18 Lid element 19 Channel (vent / overflow) 20 Knurled screw 21 Control unit 23 Piping system 25 Peristaltic pump

Claims

1. An intermediate storage dosing unit (1) for taking samples of a fluid comprising a container (10) with an inlet (12) and a two-way outlet, wherein the two-way outlet comprises - a riser pipe (5) as a first outlet, and - a drain (7) as a second outlet, characterized in that the riser pipe is aligned within the container so that the fluid can be gravitationally introduced into the drain opening.

2. The intermediate storage dosing unit (1) according to claim 1, wherein the drain (7) of the two-way outlet and / or the inlet (12) can each be closed by a valve, preferably a ball valve (9).

3. The intermediate storage dosing unit (1) according to one or both of the preceding claims, wherein the intermediate storage dosing unit (1) has a filter unit (11) which comprises a filter support and a filter substrate; - wherein the filter support is designed as a grid insert (13) with a wall (15) and a fitting element (17); - wherein a channel (19) acting as an overflow and / or serving to vent the container is arranged in the wall (15) and in the fitting element (17), - wherein the filter substrate rests on the grid insert (13), and preferably comprises a fleece.

4. A system for taking samples of a fluid, preferably water, comprising a. sample collection unit (2) configured to provide a fluid; b. at least one sample vessel (3) configured to receive and store a fluid; wherein a fluid transfer is possible between the sample collection unit (2) and the at least one sample vessel (3); wherein an intermediate storage dosing unit (1) according to one or several of the preceding claims is interposed between the sample collection unit (2) and the at least one sample vessel (3).

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the system comprises a conduit system (23) connected to the intermediate storage dosing unit (1), in particular to the riser pipe (5) as a second outlet of the intermediate storage dosing unit (1), and the at least one sample vessel (3) can be connected to or disconnected from the conduit system (23), wherein, when a sample vessel (3) is connected to the conduit system (23), a fluid transfer between the intermediate storage dosing unit (1) and the at least one sample vessel (3) is possible.

6. The system according to one or both of the preceding claims 4 and 5, wherein the system comprises a data processing unit and the at least one sample vessel (3) is associated with an identification number, a control unit (21), and a valve, wherein the control unit (21) is in data communication with the data processing unit and is configured to open and / or close the valve; wherein the data processing unit is configured to generate fill level-dependent and / or sample vessel-dependent control commands and to address, by means of the identification number, the control unit (21) and to transmit the control commands to the control unit (21); wherein the sample vessel (3) is connected to the conduit system (23) when the valve is open and the sample vessel (3) is disconnected from the conduit system (23) when the valve is closed.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein the conduit system (23) comprises an inline pump which is configured to produce a fluid flow between the intermediate storage dosing unit (1) and a sample vessel (3) connected to the conduit system (23); the control unit (21) is configured to control the valve via an actuator.

8. The system according to one or several of the preceding claims 6 and 7, wherein the valve is designed as a ball valve (9), preferably as a three-way valve; the intermediate storage dosing unit (1) comprises a fluid level sensor which is configured to monitor the fill level of the fluid in the container (10), wherein the fluid level sensor is in data communication with the data processing unit and the latter provides a fill level-related parameter; the data processing unit is configured to generate fill level-dependent control commands based on the fill level-related parameter.

9. The system according to one or several of the preceding claims 5-8, wherein the system comprises at least two sample vessels (3) and the sample vessels (3) within the conduit system (23)can be filled one after the other.

10. A method for taking samples of a fluid, preferably water characterized in that a. a fluid is provided by a sample collection unit (2) of an intermediate storage dosing unit (1) according to one or several of claims 1 to 3; b. a fluid level sensor continuously detects a fill level of the fluid in the container (10) of the intermediate storage dosing unit (1) and provides a fill level-related parameter to a data processing unit; c. the data processing unit generates sample vessel-dependent and fill level-dependent control commands; d. the control commands are transmitted to a control unit (21) assigned to a sample vessel (3); e. the control unit (21) opens a valve assigned to the sample vessel (3) via an actuator; f. a fluid transfer takes place between the intermediate storage dosing unit (1) and the sample vessel (3), in that an inline pump generates a fluid flow; g. the sample vessel (3) receives and stores the fluid and seals it hermetically, wherein the inline pump preferably runs in reverse before the sample vessel is hermetically sealed in order to draw off the air contained in the sample vessel and in the conduit.