SUPPORTING STRUCTURE FOR PV MODULES

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a system for generating electrical energy using photovoltaics (PV) on an area that is also used for other purposes. For example, the PV system can be installed on a parking lot for motor vehicles or on agricultural land, so that, for example, motor vehicles can be parked or agriculture can be carried out under the PV modules. .

[0002] Photovoltaic systems intended for installation and operation in a parking lot or agricultural land must meet various technical and economic requirements. In particular, they must be cost-effective, relatively easy to install, and require as little construction material as possible. Of course, they must be sufficiently rigid even under high wind loads, such as gusts of wind.

[0003] PV systems are known from KR 2020 0009277 A and KR 101 004 108 B1 in which tension cables are stretched over trusses. The PV modules are attached to these tension cables.

[0004] All structures whose main dimensions (length, width) are very large relative to the thickness of their supporting structure are prone to vibrations, which can be triggered, for example, by gusts of wind. It is therefore important to ensure that vibrations of the supporting structure or the PV system do not occur, or that the amplitudes of these vibrations remain small enough to prevent damage to the supporting structure and the PV modules. It should be noted that PV modules are predominantly made of the brittle material "glass."

[0005] These objects are achieved according to the invention by a support structure for photovoltaic modules, comprising a plurality of adjacent rows of supports and a plurality of adjacent tensioning straps, wherein the supports of a row are each connected to one another by a cross member, wherein the tensioning straps run transversely to the cross members and wherein photovoltaic modules are arranged on the tensioning straps and wherein the tensioning straps consisting of sheet steel are fastened to the cross member and a tensioning strap at the intersection points by means of a cross member and a tensioning strap on the cross member by means of a screw connection or a clamp connection.

[0006] The support structure according to the invention thus comprises a plurality of, in some cases, very long rows of crossbeams. Tensioning straps, which are inherently flexible, are arranged between these crossbeams. Through sufficient pretensioning, the tensioning straps achieve sufficient rigidity. The pretensioning force in the tensioning straps is determined through aeroelastic wind tunnel tests and computer-aided simulations to achieve an economic optimum while simultaneously reducing aerodynamic effects – vibrations. The pretensioning therefore also depends on the location of the PV system. A windy location requires greater pretensioning than a location with low maximum wind speeds.

[0007] The elongation of the tensioning bands caused by the prestressing is so great that at any point in time, even in the case of wind-induced vibration, the prestress is greater than zero. This also applies to the very brief moment when a vibrating tensioning band is perfectly horizontal and not sagging. At this moment, which can also be referred to as the "zero crossing" of the vibration amplitude, the (stretched) length of the tensioning band is minimal because it "occupies" the shortest connection between two adjacent support points. Even then, a certain amount of prestress is still present.

[0008] The PV modules are attached to these tensioning straps. The inventive construction is extremely lightweight, cost-effective, and yet very durable.

[0009] The supports of the support structure according to the invention are long enough that the crossbeams and the tensioning straps, including the PV modules attached to them, have a height above the ground of, for example, 5 or 6 meters. They cannot therefore be touched or damaged by a vehicle parked, for example, in a parking lot beneath the PV modules. The same applies if the support structure according to the invention is erected in connection with agricultural land. In this case, the clear height of the crossbeams, but also of the tensioning straps, must be dimensioned such that the machines and vehicles required to cultivate the agricultural land can at least drive under the tensioning straps. This is usually sufficient. In some cases, it is also desirable to be able to drive under the crossbeams.

[0010] The main dimensions of such a support structure, namely the length and width of the base area spanned by the support structure, can be well over 100 m, allowing a peak power of several megawatts [MW peak] to be installed. However, such a long and wide / large-area structure is also sensitive to aerolactric vibrations induced by wind loads. The amplitudes of these vibrations, which are dangerous for the PV modules, can be reduced to a harmless level by adequate pretensioning of the tensioning straps.

[0011] A particularly advantageous, economical and efficient design provides that the tensioning straps are made of corrosion-protected sheet steel and that there are openings in the tensioning straps in order to attach PV modules to the tensioning strap and / or to attach the tensioning straps to the crossbar at the intersection points between a crossbeam and a tensioning strap.

[0012] The tensioning strap can, for example, be made of high-strength steel sheet with a thickness of 2 to 4 mm, preferably 3 mm, and a width of 50 mm to 150 mm. This results in a sufficiently high tensile strength to apply the required pretension. Nevertheless, because the tensioning strap is relatively thin, it can be easily wound onto a spool / reel and transported to the installation site. To install the tensioning strap, such a spool or reel is guided over the crossbeams and unwound. The tensioning strap (still without pretension) is then placed over the crossbeams. In a subsequent step, the required pretension is applied.

[0013] If the tensioning straps are made from a continuous strip of high-strength sheet steel, holes (circular holes, elongated holes, or other shaped holes) can be punched, laser cut, or otherwise cut into the tensioning strap at appropriate locations. These holes then make it very easy to attach multiple PV modules to the tensioning straps, for example, using clamps. The same applies to the connection between the tensioning strap and the crossbeams at the intersection points between the tensioning strap and the crossbeam.

[0014] In this way, the prefabrication of the individual components (and trusses) can be carried out largely in the workshop and the components prepared in this way can then be easily assembled on site.

[0015] Of course, alternative forms of tensioning straps are also possible, namely steel cables, fiber cables made of non-metallic fibers such as glass fibers, carbon fibers or aramid fibers or mixtures of these fiber materials.

[0016] The tensioning straps are usually attached to the top of the traverse at the intersection points, preferably by clamping or frictional or force-locking. This eliminates the notch effect and prevents the tensioning strap from lifting off the traverse. e.g. as a result of a gust of wind, is effectively prevented.

[0017] Alternatively, the tensioning straps can also be routed and secured along the underside of the trusses. This can simplify the erection of the supporting structure. The tensioning straps are rolled out under the trusses and then pulled up.

[0018] In addition, the clamping of the tensioning straps at the intersection point provides stiffening between the adjacent trusses, so that the overall supporting structure is stabilized and stiffened.

[0019] To prevent kinking or increased bending stress in the tensioning strap, the top side of the crossbeam is convexly curved at least at the intersection points of a crossbeam and a tensioning strap, and the tensioning strap rests on the curved top side of the crossbeam. It is possible to form this curve as an integral part of the crossbeam by manufacturing a tube or a welded hollow profile made of sheet steel with the desired curvature on its top side. It is also possible to design the crossbeams, for example, as square tubes and to place a saddle wherever the tensioning straps run over the crossbeam and to screw or connect it to the crossbeam, whereby the saddle has the desired curvature.

[0020] The trusses can also be made from a renewable raw material, especially wood (e.g., solid construction timber). Even then, it is advantageous to create the curvature on the top sides of the trusses, e.g. . using a profile milling cutter directly in the trusses.

[0021] The design with attached saddle pieces is particularly cost-effective in some cases, as the crossbeams can then be made from commercially available steel tubes or squared timber, whether with a round, square, or rectangular cross-section. The saddle pieces are then placed on these crossbeams and clamped to the crossbeams, for example, with tension screws. This facilitates, among other things, the transport of the individual components to the construction site. The saddle pieces are then assembled on site.

[0022] Alternatively, it is also possible that the tension belts are composed of individual sections, and each section extends between two adjacent crossbeams. One end of the tension belt section is then fixed to a crossbeam, and the opposite end of the tension belt section is then fixed to the adjacent crossbeam. In this construction, for example . Attachment tabs can be welded to the crossbeams at the appropriate points or clamped to the crossbeams in the form of half-shells. The sections are then cut to size and pre-tensioned and installed between the crossbeams.

[0023] It is also possible that a section of a tension belt extends over two or more crossbeams. Then, very large load-bearing structures can also be produced economically.

[0024] Several tensioning strap sections arranged one behind the other form a continuous tensioning strap that extends from a first cross member to a last cross member. For the rigidity of the supporting structure according to the invention, it is irrelevant whether the tensioning strap is formed in one piece or consists of several tensioning strap sections arranged one behind the other and exerting the same effect as a continuous tensioning strap.

[0025] In order to transfer the tensioning forces required to prestress the tensioning straps from the first crossbeam and the last crossbeam, at least two foundations are provided. A first foundation runs essentially parallel to the first crossbeam, and a second foundation runs parallel to the last crossbeam. These foundations are generally located outside the area covered by the supporting structure according to the invention. Suitable traction means can then easily transfer the prestressing forces from the first crossbeam to the first foundation, and the prestressing forces of the tensioning straps can be transferred from the last crossbeam to the second foundation.

[0026] The foundations must absorb the prestressing forces of the tensioning bands and transfer them into the soil. They can be designed as strip or point foundations. They can also be formed from micropiles and / or grouted anchors. The point foundations, micropiles and / or grouted anchors are arranged in rows parallel to the first or last cross member in the soil. Then, for example, with the help of suitable tensioning devices (e.g. . A connection (e.g., a steel cable) must be established between the first crossbeam and the first foundation. It is, of course, necessary to provide several tensioning devices along the entire length of the crossbeam, which, as already mentioned, can be 100 m or more, to transfer the prestressing forces occurring along the entire length of the crossbeam into the first foundation. The same applies, of course, to the second foundation and the last crossbeam.

[0027] The area spanned by the tensioning straps is generally not completely covered with PV modules. Partial coverage can offer the following advantages: The dynamic pressures and aerodynamic exaggerations resulting from wind loads can be reduced by only partial coverage. Sometimes, irregular coverage of the tensioning straps with PV modules is also advantageous in order to reduce the amplitudes of wind-induced vibration excitations of the supporting structure. These questions are clarified through wind tunnel tests and / or simulation calculations.

[0028] When applied over agricultural land, the arrangement of the PV modules and the degree of coverage are determined by the plants growing on the land and their characteristics. From this perspective, it can be advantageous to arrange the PV modules in a large number of self-contained sections, with a certain distance between the sections to ensure sufficient sunlight falls on the plants and the shadow cast, or the duration of shading by one of the sections, is distributed as evenly as possible. For this purpose, the sections can be distributed in a checkerboard pattern.

[0029] According to the invention, the clamping straps can be spaced apart at a distance approximately corresponding to the length of the PV modules to be installed. This allows the PV modules to rest with their short sides on two adjacent clamping straps and be secured there with the clamping strap, for example, using clamping elements or a screw connection. The PV modules can be arranged either end-to-end or, similar to a shingle roof, partially overlapping.

[0030] Alternatively, the clamping straps can be spaced at a distance approximately equal to the width of the PV modules to be installed. This allows the PV modules to rest with their long sides on two adjacent clamping straps and be secured there with the clamping strap, for example, using clamps or a screw connection. A short span can be particularly advantageous for so-called glass-on-glass PV modules. The PV modules can be arranged either end-to-end or, similar to a shingle roof, partially overlapped.

[0031] With the support structure according to the invention, it is alternatively possible to arrange the PV modules without frames directly on the tensioning straps using suitable clamping elements and sealing strips. This embodiment is particularly lightweight and cost-effective and offers less surface area for the wind to attack because the PV modules are even lower than PV modules enclosed by an (aluminum) frame. However, it is also possible to use PV modules with a frame on the support structure according to the invention. In this case, the PV module is connected to the tensioning straps via the frame. This embodiment is somewhat more robust, but the construction costs are higher and the surface area for the wind to attack is larger.

[0032] It is of course also possible to use a combination of PV modules with and without frames. This allows the advantages of both designs to be combined.

[0033] To ensure that any rain does not fall uncontrollably onto the vehicles or the agricultural land below, seals are provided between adjacent PV modules. This allows the rainwater to be directed away, for example, . It can be collected using a gutter and then used in a controlled manner for further use. For example, it can be collected in a rainwater tank and later used to water the plants growing there.

[0034] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cross members are made of a wide-flange beam, a hollow profile, in particular a steel tube, or wood, in particular solid structural timber. Both the hollow profiles and the wooden cross members can have a round or polygonal cross-section.

[0035] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least the upper sides of the traverses are curved and form a support for the tensioning straps.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a saddle piece for a tensioning strap is provided at each intersection point, with the saddle pieces being connected to the crossbeams. The saddle pieces can be screwed to the crossbeams or welded to the crossbeams. The second alternative is, of course, only possible if the crossbeams are made of a weldable metal, especially steel.

[0037] It is also advantageous if each saddle piece has a curved support and a counterpart, with the tensioning strap passing between the support and the counterpart, and the counterpart being pressed against the support by means of clamping screws. This makes it possible to frictionally connect the tensioning strap to the saddle piece and thus also to the crossbeam using a clamping connection. The curved support ensures that the tensioning strap never bends, even when exposed to vibrations during operation, thus reliably preventing a notch effect in the support area.

[0038] If the clamping piece and the associated clamping screws are sufficiently dimensioned, it is possible to connect the clamping band to the saddle piece and the crosshead at the intersection points using only frictional engagement through the clamping pieces. Openings in the clamping bands are then unnecessary, which offers advantages in terms of material utilization and reduces the risk of stress concentrations in the area of ​​the openings, which can represent a potential source of failure.

[0039] In an advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the saddle pieces comprise one or two ribs, that the support is fastened to the rib(s), preferably by welding, that a base plate is arranged on the rib(s) below the support, and that the base plate has openings or threaded holes which interact with the clamping screws and the clamping pieces.

[0040] This design of the saddle pieces is preferably designed as a welded construction. This allows the saddle pieces to be placed on conventional hollow profiles and welded in place at the desired location. The base plate extends transversely beneath the support surface through the saddle piece and protrudes beyond the support on both sides. This allows, with an appropriately dimensioned clamping piece, the tensioning strap to be passed between the clamping piece and the support and the clamping piece to be pressed against the base plate using the clamping screws. This creates a frictional connection between the tensioning strap and the saddle piece.

[0041] Because this embodiment is a welded construction, all components can be optimally designed in terms of material thickness and dimensioning, so that a very light, cost-effective, yet reliable and secure fastening of the tensioning straps at the intersection points can be realized.

[0042] In the support structure according to the invention, each PV module can be arranged directly or indirectly on two adjacent tensioning straps. If the PV modules comprise a frame, the PV modules are preferably attached via the frame to two adjacent tensioning straps. It is then also easily possible to attach the PV modules to the tensioning straps in an elevated position. In the context of the invention, elevated means that a normal vector of the PV modules and a tangent to the tensioning strap, where the PV module is arranged on the tensioning strap, do not enclose an angle of 90°, but rather, for example, an angle of only 60°. This makes it possible to optimally align the PV modules so that they capture as much solar radiation as possible and their performance and cost-effectiveness are improved.

[0043] In the case of the elevated construction, it is preferred if the frame or the PV module is attached directly to the tensioning strap at one end of the PV modules and the desired distance between the frame of the PV module and the tensioning strap is created at the other end via a strut in order to achieve the optimal alignment of the PV module.

[0044] Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the following drawings, their description, and the patent claims. All features disclosed in the drawings, their description, and the patent claims may be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination. drawing They show:

[0045] Figures 1 to 33 various views and embodiments of the support structure according to the invention; Figure 34 erecting a supporting structure according to the invention; Figures 35 and 36Tensioning device with disc spring packages and Figures 37 and 38 Details of an embodiment with several tensioning straps arranged one behind the other. Description of the embodiments

[0046] In the figures, the same reference symbols are used for identical components. For clarity, not all components are provided with reference symbols in all figures.

[0047] The Figure 1 shows a top view and a side view of a support structure according to the invention in a highly simplified manner to illustrate the basic structure.

[0048] In the left part of the Figure 1 A top view of the supporting structure according to the invention (without PV modules) is shown. The right part of the Figure 1 shows a side view of the support structure according to the invention, also without PV modules.

[0049] The supporting structure according to the invention consists of a plurality of supports 1 arranged below the cross members 3. As can be seen from the top view of the Figure 1 several crossbeams 3 are arranged parallel to each other. In the illustrated embodiment, a total of "n" crossbeams 3 are present. The numbering of the crossbeams 3 from "1" to "n" is shown on the left side of the Figure 1 indicated.

[0050] "M" clamping straps 5 are arranged and attached to the cross members 3. They run parallel to each other and, in this embodiment, at a right angle to the cross members 3. A distance s between two adjacent clamping straps 5 often corresponds to the length of a PV module. This means that a PV module (not shown) with a rectangular base rests with its end faces on two adjacent clamping straps 5 and can be firmly connected to them.

[0051] It is generally advantageous if the PV modules are arranged so that the long sides of the PV modules rest on the tensioning straps 5 and are fastened there, because this reduces the mechanical load on the PV modules. The tensioning straps are curved in the shape of a catenary. However, the radius of curvature of the catenary is extremely large due to the prestressing. As a result, fastening the PV modules on the long sides results in only negligible deflection of the PV modules. In the side view of the Figure 1 The curvature of the tensioning straps 5 is indicated graphically. However, it is not to scale.

[0052] Wherever a tension band 5 crosses a traverse 3, a crossing point 7 is created, from which in the Figure 1 only one has been provided with a reference symbol as an example. In total, there are therefore "n" times "m" intersection points 7 .

[0053] In the side view of the Figure 1 It can also be seen that the supports 1 can extend into the ground, so that they are firmly anchored in the soil. The soil is indicated by hatching in the side view. In a preferred embodiment, driven piles are driven into the ground, the upper ends of which then end at the level of the parking lot / agricultural area. The supports are then placed on the upper ends of the driven piles and connected to them.

[0054] In the side view of the Figure 1 The first crossbeam 31 and the last crossbeam 3n are visible. Outside the area spanned by the supporting structure, a first foundation 9.1 is located in the ground. This first foundation 9.1 runs parallel to the first crossbeam 3.1. A second foundation 9.2 is arranged symmetrically with respect to the last crossbeam 3n.

[0055] In order to be able to transfer the prestressing of the "m" tensioning straps 5, which must be applied by the first crossbeam 3.1 and the last crossbeam 3n, into the foundations 9.1 and 9.2, respectively, this embodiment provides tensioning means 11, which redirect the prestressing forces, which essentially run in a horizontal direction, and introduce them into the foundations 9. The tensioning means 11 can, for example, consist of steel cables, threaded rods, or a very thick steel wire with a diameter of, for example, 30 to 60 mm.

[0056] In the top view of the Figure 1the foundations 9 and the tensioning devices 11 are not visible or only partially shown. The tensioning devices 11 can, for example, always be arranged on the first crossbeam 3.1 or the last crossbeam 3 n where a tensioning strap 5 is attached to the crossbeams 3.1 or 3 n. The prestressing force is then transmitted directly from the tensioning straps 5 to the tensioning devices 11, without any significant bending moments being exerted on the crossbeam 3. This arrangement is shown in the top right of the plan view of the Figure 1 illustrated.

[0057] A very advantageous and economical variant provides that traction means 11 are provided only in the extensions of the axes formed by the supports.

[0058] As already mentioned, the dimensions of the support structure according to the invention are quite considerable. The length of the crossbeams 3 can exceed 100 m. Correspondingly, the length of the tensioning straps 5 can also exceed 100 m, so that the area covered by the support structure is larger than 1 hectare. Accordingly, the height of the supports 1 is also selected such that a clear height of at least 4 m, but often 5 meters or more, exists between the ground and the tensioning straps 5 or the crossbeams 3.

[0059] This allows vehicles, especially large tractors and trailers, to drive under the tensioning straps 5 or the PV modules located on them without any contact occurring.

[0060] In the Figure 2An isometric view of an exemplary embodiment is shown. This isometric view shows that not the entire area spanned by the supporting structure needs to be covered with PV modules 13, but that an area in the aisles between parking spaces can remain free. This means that the PV modules 13 are only arranged where the vehicles are parked. Where the vehicles are driving, i.e. . There are no PV modules installed in the alleys between the rows of parking spaces.

[0061] Because the area spanned by the trusses and tensioning straps is not covered with PV modules, but rather is interrupted, the risk of wind-induced vibrations with large amplitudes is reduced. This also reduces the load on the tensioning straps and simultaneously leads to greater rigidity of the supporting structure according to the invention.

[0062] In addition, sunlight falls through the areas not covered by PV modules onto the surface below the PV modules. In many cases, this sunlight is sufficient to allow agricultural land and the plants located there to grow and thrive. Because the plants are only exposed to direct sunlight for a relatively short time each day, the risk of them drying out or burning is lower. This means that even in hot and dry summers, vegetables or other crops can be grown that cannot withstand the heat without shading. The coverage of the support structure, or the ratio of module area to the base area of ​​the support structure, can be adapted to the local climate and the crops. For example, the support structure would be more densely covered with PV modules if it were installed in Saudi Arabia than if it were installed in northern Germany.

[0063] By using bi-facial PV modules, the power output of the PV modules can be increased because part of the sunlight reflected from the ground reaches the underside of the PV modules and is converted into electrical energy there.

[0064] In the Figure 3 is a highly simplified detail of an embodiment of a support structure according to the invention. This is an intersection point 7 between a cross member 3 and a tensioning strap 5 .

[0065] In the Figure 3 The support 1, a cross member 3 (sectioned) and a tensioning strap 5 are shown. To the left of the cross member 3, several PV modules 13 are shown on the tensioning strap 5. These PV modules 13 are laid or fastened on the tensioning strap 5 like shingles or roof tiles. Figure 3This means that the left end of a PV module 13 rests on the right end of the adjacent PV module 13, so that the PV modules 13 overlap in a narrow area. This prevents the formation of a gap between the PV modules 13; the area formed by the PV modules 13 is therefore "watertight". A further advantage of this shingled arrangement is that with only one (in Figure 3 Two PV modules 13 can be attached to the clamping band 5 using a clamping or fastening element (not shown).

[0066] In the Figure 3 The PV modules 13 are designed as frameless modules. This means they are not surrounded by an aluminum frame or other frame. This reduces the weight, the overall height, and the costs. However, it is of course also possible to mount PV modules 13 with frames on the support structure according to the invention.

[0067] No PV modules are shown on tensioning strap 5, which is located to the right of cross member 3. It goes without saying that PV modules can also be installed there in a completed system.

[0068] A saddle piece 15 is visible on the crossbeam 3. The saddle piece 15 is curved. The saddle piece 15 supports the tensioning strap 5 and thus also the weight forces of the PV modules 13, which must be transferred via the tensioning straps 5 into the crossbeam 3 and the supports 1.

[0069] The saddle piece 15 is curved at its upper side so that the tensioning strap 5 is guided over the cross member 3 without kinking and without permanent deformation. The tensioning strap 5 can consist of a sheet metal strip made of high-strength steel and can be, for example, 3 mm thick and 100 mm wide.

[0070] A counterpart 17 is arranged above the saddle piece 15. The tensioning strap 5 is guided between the saddle piece 15 and the counterpart 17. The counterpart 17 can be screwed to the saddle piece 15 or the crossbeam 3 using screws (not shown). This creates a clamping connection between the saddle piece 15 and the counterpart 17, which frictionally connects the tensioning strap 5 to the saddle piece 15 or the crossbeam 3. This clamping connection ensures that the tensioning strap 5 cannot shift relative to the crossbeam 3. This fixes and stabilizes the supports 1 in their vertical alignment. In addition, the clamping connection secures the tensioning strap 5 against lifting off the saddle piece 15 if a gust of wind blows against the PV modules 13 from below.

[0071] In the Figure 4 is an order according to Figure 3 shown from above. This makes the structural design of the intersection points 7 even clearer. Figure 4For example, two PV modules 13 are arranged to the right and left of the cross member 3. This top view clearly shows that two PV modules each rest on a clamping strap 5. For example, with a clamping strap 5 width of 100 mm, the contact surface of each PV module 13 on the clamping strap 5 is approximately fifty millimeters wide. This is sufficient to securely attach the PV modules 13 to the clamping strap 5.

[0072] In the Figure 5A plan view of another embodiment of a PV system according to the invention is shown. This is only a section of an area spanned by PV modules 13. Crossbeams 3 or supports 1 are not present in this section. Rather, the section shows that seals or sealing profiles 19 are arranged between adjacent PV modules 13. This prevents direct contact between the PV modules 13 and protects them from mutual damage. In addition, the joint between the PV modules 13 is sealed.

[0073] The sealing strip 19 or sealing profile 19 is arranged in the joints between PV modules 13, which run parallel to the cross member 3. A (sealing) profile, which functions as a gutter, is arranged in the joints that run parallel to the tensioning band 5. Therefore, it is also referred to as a gutter 21. The sealing profile 19 and the gutter 21 can be made of a flexible and UV-resistant material, such as e.g. EPDM. Rainwater that hits the PV modules collects in the gutters 21 and is drained downwards. At the lower edge of an area covered by PV modules 13, the water flowing through the gutters 21 can be collected and fed, for example, into a rainwater storage tank or directly into the agricultural area below the PV modules 13.

[0074] At the Figure 5In the illustrated embodiment, the PV modules 13 are arranged side by side. The width of the joints in which a sealing profile 19 is provided can be, for example, 5 mm. Where a flexible gutter 21 is to be installed, the width of the joint can be 30 mm or 50 mm.

[0075] In the Figure 5In the illustrated embodiment, the PV modules 13 do not rest with their edges on the clamping straps 5. Rather, the PV modules rest on two clamping straps 5. One clamping strap 5 runs approximately at a quarter (1 / 4) of the length of the PV module 13, the other clamping strap 5 runs approximately at three-quarters (3 / 4) of the length of the PV module 13; this is the so-called quarter-point support. This reduces the bending stress on the PV modules 13 and allows the (aluminum) frames of the PV modules 13 to be smaller and lighter. The PV modules 13 are attached to the clamping straps 5 by screwing the (aluminum) frames to the clamping straps 5 in the positions recommended by the PV module manufacturer.

[0076] In the Figures 6 and 7 Two further variants of the arrangement of PV modules 13 on the clamping bands 5 are shown. Figure 6The short sides of the rectangular PV modules 13 rest on a clamping band 5. Two adjacent PV modules "share" the width of a clamping band. Between the PV modules 13, a sealing strip 19 is arranged in the joints that run perpendicular to the clamping bands 5. In the embodiment according to Figure 7 The spacing of the clamping straps 5 is selected such that the long sides of the PV modules 13 rest on two adjacent clamping straps. Here, too, the seal 19 is provided in the joints that run perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the clamping straps 5. The gutter 21 (not shown) runs parallel to the clamping straps.

[0077] In the Figure 8Details of another embodiment are shown, in which the upper side of the cross members 3 is curved. In this embodiment, the upper side of the cross member 3 serves as a saddle. The cross members 3 are made of steel and are constructed as a welded structure. This has the advantage that the main dimensions and cross-section of the cross member 3, as well as their material, can be freely selected within wide limits.

[0078] In the Figure 8 The cross member 3 shown in section has an optional handhole 29 on both sides. The handholes 29 are large enough for a technician's hand to reach through. Screws or nuts can be inserted into the cross member 3 through the handholes 29. The screws or nuts are required to attach the counterpart 17 to the top of the cross member 3.

[0079] In the Figures 9 and 10various embodiments of saddle pieces 15 according to the invention are shown. Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, cross member 3 is designed as a wide-flange profile. These profiles were previously referred to as "double-T beams." The supports supporting cross member 3 are not shown.

[0080] The saddle piece 15 comprises a curved support 67. This curved support can be manufactured from a sheet metal blank, for example by roll bending. The radius of curvature of the curved support is significantly smaller than the curvature of the tensioning strap 5. The radius of curvature can be, for example, 1.5 m. As a result, direct contact between the tensioning strap 5 and the support 67 only occurs where the tensioning strap 5 is guided between the support 67 and the clamping piece 17. If the tensioning strap 5 is caused to vibrate, for example due to wind loads, the curvature of the support 67 ensures that the tensioning strap 5 is not bent. Rather, the tensioning strap always rests tangentially on the support 67.

[0081] In this embodiment, the clamping screws 69 protrude through the clamping piece 17 and the support 67 as well as the upper support of the cross member 3 designed as a wide flange profile. By tightening the clamping screws 69, the tensioning band 5 is clamped between the support 67 and the counterpart 17 and is thereby fixed by frictional engagement.

[0082] It is not necessary to make any openings or holes in the clamping band 5 because the saddle piece 15 and the counterpart 17 are wider than the clamping band 5. This is clearly shown in the top view in the lower part of the Figure 9 .

[0083] On site, the tensioning strap 5 is placed on the support 67. Once the tensioning strap 5 is in the correct position and sufficient pretension has been applied, the clamping screws 69 are tightened. This pulls the counterpart 17 against the support 67. In this way, the tensioning strap 5 is frictionally connected to the support 67 and thus also to the cross member 5.

[0084] The Figure 10 shows a variation of this saddle piece 15. In this saddle piece 15, the support 67 is designed as a bent sheet metal strip, the ends of which rest on the lower flange of the cross member 3. This connection between the ends of the bent part 71 and the lower flange of the cross member 3 is indicated by dash-dotted lines 73. At this point, for example, fastening screws can be inserted through the bent part 71 and the lower flange of the cross member 3.

[0085] However, it is also possible for the ends of the bent part to be frictionally connected to the lower flange of the cross member 3 via clamping pieces (not shown). This has the advantage that the lower web of the cross member 3 does not need to be provided with holes or openings. These would reduce the flexural rigidity of the cross member 3 and cause additional manufacturing costs. In many cases, it can be more cost-effective to use clamping pieces instead of holes / openings in the lower flange of the cross member, as these can be manufactured very cost-effectively in industrial mass production.

[0086] In the Figure 11Details of a further embodiment are shown. In this figure, a first traverse 3 1 or a last traverse 3 n is shown. These traverses differ from the other traverses 3 in that the tension belts 5 end there. In addition, the tensioning means 11 are suspended there. The tensioning means 11 conduct the pre-tension force of the tension belts 5 into the foundations 9 (see Figure 1 ).

[0087] The counterpart 31 is shaped similarly to one of the counterparts 17. Between the curved upper side of the traverse 3 1 and the counterpart 31, the end of the tension belt 5 is inserted. The counterpart 31 is pulled against the traverse 3 1 or 3 n with the aid of several screws 33 and in this way a force-locking connection is established between the end of the tension belt 5 and the traverse 3.1 or 3 n. Via this force-locking connection, the pre-tension forces are introduced from the traverse 3 1 or 3 n into the tension belt 5 or taken up by this.

[0088] Links in the Figure 11 A lug is arranged on the cross member 3 1 or 3 n. The traction device 11 (for example a steel cable) is attached there. The foundation 9 at the other end of the traction device 11 is in the Figure 11 not shown.

[0089] In the Figure 12A first embodiment of a clamping element 35 is shown. It comprises a clamping piece 37, a clamping screw 41, a sealing strip 43, a base 45, and a pressure piece 47. The sealing strip 43 can have a constant cross-section or a cross-section that varies in height along its length, allowing for inclined, shingled mounting. The clamping piece 37 is arranged above the PV modules 13. The clamping screw 41 extends through the clamping piece 37 and the clamping band 5. When the clamping screw 41 is tightened, the clamping piece 37, together with the base 45 and the pressure piece 47, is pressed from above against the PV modules 13. The base 45 is made of a comparatively hard plastic. It presses on the PV module to the right of the clamping screw 41. This PV module is only supported on one side of the sealing strip 43. Therefore, the base 45 presses directly on the PV module 13.

[0090] The PV module 13 located to the left of the clamping screw 41 is accommodated in a groove of the sealing strip 43. The pressure piece 47 clamps the PV module 13 in the groove of the sealing strip 43. The pressure piece 47 can have ribs or bristles on its underside and / or be made of a comparatively soft material.

[0091] As can be seen from the Figure 12 The clamping piece 37 is not symmetrical with respect to the clamping screw 41. Rather, the lever arm between the clamping screw 41 and the foot 45 is shorter than the lever arm between the clamping screw 41 and the pressure piece 47. This means that the foot 45 exerts a higher contact force on the PV module 13 than the pressure piece 47. Therefore, the foot 45 forms a fixed bearing, so to speak. Where the pressure piece 47 clamps the PV module 13 with less force, there is a "loose bearing". Thermal stresses or other stresses are reduced by the PV module 13 (in Figure 11left of the clamping screw 41) can move slightly relative to the clamping element 35.

[0092] In the Figure 13 is a section along the line aa in Figure 14 It shows another embodiment of a clamping element 35 with a symmetrical arrangement. The sealing strip 43 is shaped differently. It has two lips of different heights.

[0093] A rubber element 49 is arranged below the clamping piece 37, which distributes the clamping forces exerted by the clamping piece 37 and the clamping screw 41 on the PV modules 13 and protects the PV module 13 from damage.

[0094] In the Figure 14 the arrangement of several PV modules without frames and without shingles is indicated.

[0095] The Figure 15 shows a further embodiment of a clamping element 35. Here too, as in the Figure 13, a symmetrical arrangement with respect to the clamping screw 41 is provided. In the lower part 35-2 of the clamping element 35, a channel 50 for the electrical cables of the PV modules 13 is formed.

[0096] In this embodiment, both the upper and the lower part of the clamping element 35 are an extruded profile made of aluminum, which runs parallel to the tensioning band 5.

[0097] Sealing strips 43 are provided between the two parts 35-1 and 35-2 of the clamping element 35 and the PV modules 13.

[0098] By tightening the clamping screw 41, the PV module 13 is clamped between the sealing strips 43.

[0099] In the Figure 16Details of the sealing in the area of ​​an intersection point 7 are shown. There, four PV modules 13 "butt" against each other, but without touching. To prevent direct contact between the fragile PV modules 13, a spacer 42 is arranged with clearance between the corners of the PV modules 13. The spacer 42 can be made, for example, from a flexible plastic such as EPDM.

[0100] The PV modules 13 and the spacer 42 are arranged on one level, as can be seen, for example, from the Figure 16c results.

[0101] From the Figure 16c It further follows that the PV modules 13 and the spacer 42 rest on a lower clamping piece 37, at least in the region of the intersection point 7. The lower clamping piece 37 is connected to the clamping band 5 with one or more (countersunk) screws (without reference symbol).

[0102] The PV modules 13 do not rest directly on the lower clamping piece 39, but rather they rest on sealing strips 43, which in turn are received in corresponding grooves of the clamping piece 39.

[0103] Above the PV modules 13 and the spacer 42, at least in the area of ​​the intersection point 7, an upper clamping piece 39 with sealing strips 43 is arranged, which can be constructed identically to the lower clamping piece 37.

[0104] The PV modules 13 are indirectly fastened to the clamping band 5 via a clamping screw 41 which penetrates the clamping pieces 37, 39 and the spacer 42.

[0105] Outside the crossing point 7, a further sealing strip 87 designed as a hollow or box profile is provided, which in the Figure 16b is shown.

[0106] In the area of ​​the intersection point 7, the sealing strip 87 is flattened to prevent material accumulation where the sealing strips 43 and the sealing strips 87 cross

[0107] The Figures 17a , 17b and 17c show a connection of four PV modules 13 and a clamping band 5. A connecting piece 60 lies on the clamping band 5. It preferably consists of a sheet metal with four elongated holes 63 and a (central) fastening hole 64 or an opening.

[0108] Metal tabs 61 with a hole (no reference symbol) protrude from the undersides of the PV modules 13. Each metal tab 61 is inserted through a slotted hole 63. To prevent the PV module 13 from lifting off the tensioning strap 5 when caught in a gust of wind, a cotter pin, a pin, or a screw is inserted through the hole in the tab 61.

[0109] The Figure 18 shows an alternative to the Fig. 17illustrated embodiment. The elongated holes 63 are formed in the clamping band 5, so that no connecting piece 60 is required.

[0110] In the Figure 19 Another embodiment of a support structure according to the invention is shown. In this embodiment, a trapezoidal sheet 65 is arranged between the tensioning straps 5 and the PV modules 13. This variant is very cost-effective and "waterproof" because the trapezoidal sheet 65 reliably prevents rainwater from reaching the area below the support structure. The water is drained away via the trapezoidal sheet, which is slightly inclined, and collected if necessary. Sealing strips (see reference numerals 19 and 43 in the other figures) are not required for this purpose.

[0111] Trapezoidal sheets have a considerable load-bearing capacity despite their low weight and low cost, allowing cost-effective "standard" PV modules 13 to be mounted on the trapezoidal sheet with frames 44. The frame 44 of these PV modules 13 can be very lightweight due to the narrow spans. The trapezoidal sheet is riveted or screwed to the tensioning straps 5 (which sag slightly despite the prestressing).

[0112] The Figure 20 shows two designs of rain gutters 21. In the upper part of the Figure 20 A two-part gutter 21 is shown, which can consist of two plastic profiles or folded sheets. The two parts 21.2 and 21.2 are arranged to drain rainwater. The two parts of the gutter 21.1 and 21.2 are not firmly connected to each other, so that they can compensate for wind-induced deformations and / or thermal expansion. In the lower part of the Figure 20a gutter 21 is indicated, which consists of a strip of an elastic plastic material, such as e.g. EPDM, consists of.

[0113] In the Figures 21 to 32 Further embodiments of the connection between PV modules 13 and tensioning straps 5 with the associated components are shown.

[0114] In the Figure 21 In the illustrated embodiment 1, the upper clamping element 37 is designed as an upside-down "hat" rail with a central section and two side bars. A PV module with frame 44 is clamped between a side bar and the clamping band 5 when the clamping screw 41, which penetrates the central section and the clamping band 5, is tightened.

[0115] In the Figure 22 In the illustrated embodiment 1, the PV module 13 (with or without frame) is clamped by means of a sealing strip 19 when the clamping screw 41 is tightened, which penetrates the sealing strip 19 and the clamping band 5.

[0116] In the Figure 23 In the illustrated embodiment 1, the PV module 13 is clamped via its frame 44 . The upper clamping piece 37 is designed as a rain gutter. A sealing strip 43 is provided between the upper clamping piece 37 and the frame 44. The clamping screw 41 penetrates the rain gutter 21, the clamping band 5, and the lower clamping piece 39. .

[0117] In the Figure 24 In the illustrated embodiment 1, the connection between a PV module 13 is made via the frame 44 . In the "lower" part, the frame 44 has a leg. The clamping screw 41, an optional sealing strip, and the clamping band 5 penetrate this leg.

[0118] The Figure 25 The illustrated embodiment 1 shows a variant of the Figure 21 illustrated embodiment.

[0119] In the Figures 26 and 27 are further variants of the Figure 24The adjacent frames 44 have "T" and "L"-shaped ribs on the sides facing each other. This locks the two frames 44 together and forms (rain) gutters that can drain rainwater. Figure 26 A sealing strip 43 is provided which prevents the penetration of rainwater.

[0120] In the Figures 28 and 29 the "L"-shaped ribs are formed in separate rails 21 and 21.2, which in turn are arranged between the frames 44.

[0121] In the Figure 29 The gutter 21, designed as a hat profile, is arranged below the fastening rails 51.

[0122] In the Figures 30a and 30b Another embodiment of a saddle piece 15 according to the invention is shown in two views. Figure 31a a side view is shown, while the Figure 31b represents a view from above.

[0123] In this embodiment, the cross member 3 is designed as a hollow profile, namely a rectangular tube. Two ribs 75 are attached and welded to the upper side of the cross member 3. The upper sides of the ribs 75 are curved and support a support 67, which is also curved. This saddle piece 15 is preferably designed as a welded construction.

[0124] From the view from above ( Figure 30b ) it is visible that the ribs 75 are spaced apart and that the support 67 has openings 77. The spacing of the openings 77 is greater than the width of the clamping band 5. The clamping band 5 (not shown in the Figures 30a and 30b ) is placed between the openings 77 on the support 67. Then, similar to the embodiments according to Figure 9 and 10, a counterpart 17 is placed on top and the counterpart 17 is pressed against the support 67 using clamping screws 69, which are inserted through the openings 77. This creates a frictional connection between the clamping band 5 and the saddle piece 15 or the cross member 3.

[0125] The Figures 31a and 31b show another embodiment of a saddle piece 15 according to the invention, which is designed as a welded construction. The saddle piece 15 comprises two ribs 75 and a support 67. It is very similar to the embodiment according to Figure 31 The main difference is that in the Figures 31a and 31bA base plate 79 is arranged in the right area of ​​the ribs 75. This base plate 79 projects beyond the support 67 on both sides. Threaded holes or openings can be provided in the solid base plate 79, which, together with a counterpart 17 and the clamping screws 69, create a frictional connection between the clamping band 5 and the saddle piece 15 or the cross member 3.

[0126] In this embodiment, the strengths and load capacities required at various locations can be specified by selecting suitable material thicknesses and geometries. In particular, the base plate 79 can be made very solid, allowing very high clamping forces to be achieved between the counterpart 17 and the base plate 79.

[0127] In the Figure 32 is a cross-section of a square tube 3 with welded saddle piece 15 according to the Figures 31a and 31b shown.

[0128] The Figure 33 shows an embodiment of a support structure with elevated PV modules 13. By raising the PV modules 13, the orientation of the PV modules 13 to the sun can be improved and thus the yield can be increased.

[0129] In the Figure 34 The erection of a support structure according to the invention is shown in four steps. In the first step (step 1), only the middle row of supports 1 is aligned vertically. The adjacent supports 1 are arranged at an increasing angle with increasing distance from the middle support 1. The outermost supports 1 are the most angled.

[0130] In a second step (step 2)) it is now indicated how the tensioning strap 5 is pulled over the supports 1 or the cross members 3 by a reel 85 or roller with the aid of a winch 83.

[0131] Figure 34.3 (step 3) shows the supporting structure which has not yet been prestressed and the arrows indicate that the tensioning means 11 are now shortened so that the supports are aligned and the tensioning band 5 receives the desired prestress.

[0132] Figure 34.4 shows the completed supporting structure. All supports 1 are vertically aligned, the tensioning straps 5 have the desired prestress, and the prestressing force is transmitted via the tensioning devices 11 to the Figure 31 derived from foundations not shown.

[0133] In the Figure 35a , 35b and 36 In the illustrated embodiments, one or more springs are arranged between the foundation 9 and the traction means 11; preferably, these are disc spring assemblies.

[0134] In the Figure 35a and 35b In the illustrated embodiment there are 2 x 4 disc spring packages 101.

[0135] Several threaded rods 93 are arranged in the foundation 9.

[0136] A load distribution plate 95 is slid onto these threaded rods 93. For this purpose, through holes (without reference numerals) are provided in the load distribution plate 95. The load distribution plate 95 can move along the threaded rods 93 relative to the foundation 9.

[0137] The traction device 11 is suspended from the load distribution plate 95. This can be done with the aid of a bolt 97, which is inserted into a flange plate 99, which in turn is welded to the load distribution plate 95.

[0138] The previously mentioned disc spring assemblies 101 are pushed onto the threaded rods 93. In the illustrated embodiment, a disc spring assembly 101 is arranged on each threaded rod 93 below and above the load distribution plate 95. Nuts 103 are then screwed onto the threaded rods 93. By tightening the nuts 103, the disc spring assemblies 101 and the tension member 11 are preloaded.

[0139] By arranging disc springs below and above the load distribution plate 95 to which the guy wire or the traction device 11 is attached, the disc spring assemblies 101 can work in both directions.

[0140] This means that under higher loads (high loads due to snow and wind), the springs arranged above the load distribution plate 95 compress, allowing the guying to yield slightly. All supports 1 tilt inward, and the sag of the tensioning straps 5 increases. This reduces the increase in the forces acting on the supports 1 and their foundations, or can even be kept constant, despite the increased loads.

[0141] In the case of wind suction loads, a drop in preload is prevented. The disc springs above the load distribution plate 95 elongate, ie . The supports 1 are pulled outwards and the tensioning straps 5 remain pre-tensioned; there is no sudden penetration of the tensioning straps 5 through the zero position, but rather a static / "gentle" passage into the upwardly curved region of the vibration amplitude.

[0142] The spring rates of the disc spring assemblies 101 below and above the load distribution plate 95 can be the same. However, it can also be advantageous if the spring rates of the disc spring assemblies 101 below and above the load distribution plate 95 are different. For example, this measure can positively influence the vibration behavior of the PV system. This means that the amplitudes are reduced.

[0143] In any case, it must be ensured that the load distribution plate 95 and the foundation 9 do not touch each other at any time.

[0144] It may also be advantageous to limit the travel of the stop plate 95 in one or both directions. This prevents excessive deformations, e.g. . to prevent wind friction and the resulting excessive "skewing" of the supports 1.

[0145] In short: By using the disc spring assemblies 101, the preload of the tensioning straps 5 can be reduced. Nevertheless, it is ensured that the tensioning straps 5 are preloaded at all times and in all locations; even if the tensioning straps 5 are caused to vibrate by wind. This reduces the load, especially on the tensioning straps 5, but also on the other components of the PV system, and allows for greater sagging of the tensioning straps 5 between the cross members 3.

[0146] In the Figure 36 A further embodiment with only one disc spring assembly 101 is shown. In this embodiment, a disc spring assembly 101 is pushed onto the threaded rod 103.

[0147] The lower end of the tension member 11 is suspended from the disc spring assembly 101 via a bracket 105. In this embodiment, too, the disc spring assembly 101 and the tension member 11 are preloaded by tightening the nut 103.

[0148] In the Figures 37 and 38 Details of a further embodiment of a PV system are shown, in which the tensioning straps 5 do not extend from the first cross member 3 n to the last cross member 3 n. This embodiment was disclosed in the German first application DE 10 2021 111 106.4 in the Figures 8 and 9 presented and explained.

[0149] In this embodiment, each tensioning strap 5 consists of several tensioning strap sections 5 AS . The length of a tensioning strap section corresponds approximately to the distance between two adjacent cross members 3. This means that on the cross member 3, which is in the Figure 38 is designed as a tube with a circular cross-section, a fastening piece 23 is mounted which has two bores. The fastening pieces 23 are attached to the cross member 3 with screws 111 or weld studs.

[0150] In this embodiment, an intermediate piece 27 is provided at the ends of the tensioning band sections 5 AS, which also has a bore. A bolt or screw, for example, can be inserted through these bores, thus fastening two tensioning band sections 5 AS to a cross member 3. This coupling connects several tensioning band sections 5 AS to form a continuous tensioning band 5. In the top view of the Figure 38 Screws (without reference symbol) are used. They are secured with nuts.

[0151] Spacer sleeves 113 can be arranged on the screws between the fastening piece 23 and the intermediate piece 27 in order to avoid direct contact between the fastening piece 23 and the intermediate piece 27.

[0152] However, it is also possible to dispense with the intermediate piece 27 if the fastening piece 23 is designed accordingly. For example, by aligning the axes of the holes in the fastening piece 23 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the support 1. Then, one end of a tensioning band section 5 AS can be directly hooked into this hole with a bolt or screw or clamped to the fastening piece 23.

[0153] The fastening piece 23 can also be designed as a standing plate which is welded to the cross member 3. List of reference symbols:

[0154] 1 Support 3 Crossbeam; "n" number of crossbeams 5 Tensioning strap; "m" number of tensioning straps 7 Crossing point 9 Foundation 11 Tensioning device 13 PV module 15 Saddle piece 17 Counterpiece 19 Sealing profile / sealing strip, flexible e.g. made of EPDM 21 Rain gutter, flexible e.g. made of EPDM 23 Fastening piece 27 Connecting piece 29 Hand hole 31 Counterpiece 33 Screw 35, 35-1, 35-2 Clamping element 37 Upper clamping piece 39 Lower clamping piece 41 Tensioning screw 43 Sealing strip 44 Aluminum module frame of a PV module 44-1 / 44-2 PV frame with T- and L-shaped ribs.44-3 / 44-4 Additional sealing 45 Foot 47 Pressure piece 49 Flexible element 50 Groove 60 Connecting piece 61 Sheet metal tab 62 Split pin, pin or screw 63 Slot 64 Fixing hole 65 Trapezoidal sheet 67 Support 69 Clamping screw 70 Load distribution plate 71 Bending part 73 Dash-dotted line 75 Rib 77 Opening 79 Base plate 81 Stop 83 Winch 85 Reel 87 Sealing strip 93 Threaded rod 95 Load distribution plate 97 Bolt 99 Flange plate 101 Disc spring package 103 Nut 105 Bracket 111 Fixing screw 113 Spacer sleeve.

Claims

1. Support structure for photovoltaic modules, comprising a plurality of rows of pillars (1) extending next to one another and a plurality of tensioning straps (5) extending next to one another, the pillars (1) of a row being connected to one another by a cross-member (3), the tensioning straps (5) extending transversely to the cross-members (3) and photovoltaic modules being arranged on the tensioning straps (5), and the tensioning straps (5) being fastened to the cross-member (3) at the intersection points (7) of a cross-member (3) and a tensioning strap (5), by means of a screw connection or a clamp connection, characterized in that the tensioning straps (5) consist of sheet steel.

2. Support structure according to claim 1, characterized in that openings are provided in the tensioning straps (5) in order to fasten PV modules (13) to the tensioning strap (5) and / or to fasten the tensioning straps (5) to the cross-member (3) at the intersection points (7) of a cross-member (3) and a tensioning strap (5).

3. Support structure according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that, at least at the intersection points (7) of a cross-member (3) and a tensioning strap (5), the upper face of the cross-member (3) is convexly curved and the tensioning strap (5) rests on the curved upper face of the cross-member (3).

4. Support structure according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the tensioning strap (5) extends below the cross-member (3) and is connected to a cross-member (3) at the intersection points (7).

5. Support structure according to claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that the tensioning straps (5) are connected to the cross-member (3) at the intersection points (7) in a force-fitting or form-fitting manner.

6. Support structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a tensioning strap (5) is composed of a plurality of tensioning strap portions (5AS), and in that a tensioning strap portion (5AS) is fastened between two cross-members (3).

7. Support structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each tensioning strap (5) begins at a first cross-member (31) and ends at a last cross-member (3n), and in that the tensioning straps (5) are mounted with pretensioning between the first cross-member (31) and the last cross-member (3n).

8. Support structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the elongation of the pretensioned tensioning straps (5) is so great that the tensioning straps (5) are always pretensioned, even in the case of wind-induced vibrations, even when a vibration passes through zero, even in the case that they "cut-through", i.e. if they do not sag in an arc but if they are dynamically arranged perfectly horizontally, i.e. if they "occupy" the shortest connection between two adjacent support points.

9. Support structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has at least two footings (9.1, 9.2), in that a first footing (9.1) extends next to the first cross-member (31), in that a second footing (9.2) extends next to the last cross-member (3n), in that, between the first footing (9.1) and the first cross-member (31), and between the second footing (9.2) and the last cross-member (3n), tension means (11) are provided which transfer the pretensioning, which was introduced into the first cross-member (31) and the last cross-member (3n) by the tensioning straps (5), into the footings (9.1, 9.2).

10. Support structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross-members (3) consist of a wide flange beam, a hollow profile, in particular a steel pipe, or consist of wood, in particular of solid structural wood, having a round or polygonal cross section.

11. Support structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper faces of the cross-members (3) are curved and form a support for the tensioning straps (5).

12. Support structure according to any of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that at the intersection points (7), a saddle piece (15) is provided for a tensioning strap (5),and in that the saddle pieces (15) are connected to the cross-members (3).

13. Support structure according to claim 12, characterized in that each saddle piece (15) has a curved support (67) and a counterpart (17), in that the tensioning strap (5) is passed through between the support (67) and the counterpart (17), and in that the counterpart (17) is pressed against the support (67) by means of clamping screws (69).

14. Support structure according to claim 12 or claim 13, characterized in that the saddle pieces (15) comprise one or two ribs (75), in that the support (67) is fastened to the rib(s) (75), and in that, below the support (67), a base plate (79) is arranged on the rib(s) (75), and in that the base plate (79) has openings or threaded holes which interact with the clamping screws (69).

15. Support structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each PV module (13) is fastened directly or indirectly to two tensioning straps (5) located next to one another.

16. Support structure according to claim 15, characterized in that the PV modules (13) comprise a frame (44), and in that the PV modules (13) are fastened, via the frame (44), to two tensioning straps (5) extending next to one another.

17. Support structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the PV modules (13) are fastened to the tensioning straps (5) in an elevated manner.

18. Support structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a sealing strip (19, 43) is provided between two PV modules (13) arranged next to one another or between two rows of PV modules (13) arranged next to one another.

19. Support structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a trapezoidal metal sheet (65) is provided between the tensioning straps (5) and the PV modules (13).

20. Support structure according to any of claims 9 to 19, characterized in that at least one disc spring assembly (101) is arranged between a tension means (11) and a footing (9).