PRESSURE VALVE FOR MATERIAL FLOWS, METHOD FOR OPERATING PRESSURE VALVES AND USE

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a pressure fitting for material flows, a method for operating pressure fittings and a use.

[0002] Piping systems are used in many industries, for example in chemical plants, refineries and power stations, where pumps, apparatus and pressure fittings are used in large quantities. These plants are regulated or controlled, with very different material flows flowing through them under very different operating conditions, for example -273 degrees Celsius to +640 degrees Celsius and operating pressures from 0 bar to 800 bar. The material flows can be viscous to vaporous and strongly basic to strongly acidic. Very different materials have to be used for the very different material flows. CA 929 826 A discloses, among other things, a device which is suitable for media flowing through the device at high pressure and speed. Other devices are known from CN 110 630 836 A, EP 2 592 191 B1, CN 110 425 367 A and GB 694 370 A.

[0003] A wide variety of pressure valves for material flows are known from the state of the art. As discussed above, these are made of a variety of materials, and the pressure valves require extensive testing for material safety prior to use. Cracks, shrinkage cavities, and foreign inclusions, in particular, can significantly impact the respective material quality. Such pressure valves are tested using ultrasound, magnetic flux measurements, X-rays, dye UV fluorescence measurements, and dye penetrant testing. However, these tests are complex and therefore costly due to the often complex geometry of the components of such pressure valves.

[0004] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a pressure fitting which avoids the above-mentioned disadvantages at least to a large extent, so that the time-consuming and thus cost-intensive material tests can be considerably reduced.

[0005] This problem is solved according to the invention by a pressure fitting according to claim 1, a method according to claim 10 and a use according to claim 11.

[0006] The pressure fitting according to the invention for material flows (in the sense of the invention, the terms "material flow" and "material flow" are identical) has a base body with a separate pressure-reducing unit.

[0007] The term "material interruption" in the context of the invention refers to an interruption in the material flow between the above-mentioned parts, i.e., the pressure-reducing unit, the base body, and the wall body. In other words, these parts do touch each other in the context of the invention, either purely mechanically or, for example, and especially, via welds. However, they are always separate parts and not a single part to which the above parts can be assigned in their respective sections and areas.Thus, these parts do not merge seamlessly - as sections and areas of a single part - but are separated from one another in this sense in a material-technical sense, so that material interruptions are realized which, for example and in particular when the parts only touch one another, can appear as cracks or gaps, although these are of course not real cracks, which would obviously have a negative impact on the material of the respective part, but rather these material interruptions between the individual parts (i.e. pressure-reducing units, base body and wall body) which look like cracks or gaps.These material interruptions generally make it easier to carry out the necessary material tests, as the individual parts can be examined separately before they are later assembled into a pressure fitting, thus avoiding complex structures that are generally relatively difficult to examine / test.

[0008] It is advantageous if a.) the base body is a molded part and / or b.) the wall body is a molded part, since this allows costs to be saved when constructing a pressure fitting according to the invention.

[0009] Furthermore, it is advantageous if a.) the base body is designed without any castings and / or forgings, for example as a pressed part, and / or b.) the wall body is designed without any castings and / or forgings, for example and in particular as a pressed part, since such parts can generally be better examined for material defects, for example and in particular by means of ultrasonic measurements.

[0010] When the base body is designed as a molded part, many material tests are eliminated, as such molded parts are usually pre-tested for certain material qualities. While the design as a non-cast and / or non-forged part does not eliminate the necessary material tests per se, they are relatively easy to perform, as castings and / or forgings are often only inadequately tested; this particularly applies to ultrasonic testing. Nevertheless, in individual cases, it may be advisable for the base body to be cast, forged, pressed, or drawn.

[0011] In the context of the invention, the term "molded parts" refers to components that often correspond to simple geometric configurations, such as, and in particular, pipes, T-pieces, crosspieces, bends, and Y-pieces, and are often also pre-tested for material, although the latter criterion is not mandatory. Such molded parts are manufactured in very large quantities and are usually—but not necessarily—free of castings and / or forgings. Castings and forgings are generally very difficult to test, which particularly applies to ultrasonic measurements.

[0012] In this context, it is advantageous and proven if the base body fitting and / or the wall body fitting are / is a pipe, T-piece, Y-piece, crosspiece, elbow piece, or a spherical piece. These shapes represent the most common and usual shapes of the fittings.

[0013] According to the invention, the pressure-reducing unit and / or the base body and / or the wall body advantageously consists, as proven, of one of the following materials: C 22, St. 52, heat-resistant ferritic materials, 16Mo3, 13CrMo44, 10CrMo910, 14MoV63, P91, P92, C22.8, austenitic materials, in particular 1.4571, 1.4580, 1.4404, 1.4301, 1.4550, 1.4581, 1.4401, 1.4521, 1.4552, 1.4541, 1.4520, PE, PE-X, PP, PVC, copper materials, copper metal alloys, bronzes, aluminum multi-component bronze, AB45, ESM, CW024A, CW509L, CW610N, CW613N, CW614N, CW617N, CW702R, CW706R, CW717R, CW715R, CW352H, CW354H, CW307G, CW353H, P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P195GH, P235GH, P265GH, 8MoB5-4, 16Mo3, X11CrMo9-1+I, 13CrMo4-5, X20CrMoV11-1, P355NH, P195GH, P285GH, 16Mo3, P355NH, materials of EN 12952 / 12953, P215NL, P265NL, P355N, P480NL1, P620Q, P890QH, 8460NH, L290NB, L450QB, L245NB, L555MB, L360MB, L280MB, materials of EN 10208-2, materials of AD2000 - HP110R, AD2000 - HP120R, AD2000 -W2, AD2000 - W / 6, AD2000 - W6 / 1, AD2000 - W6 / 2, glass, ceramics, plastics, polyethylene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene.

[0014] In this context, it is advantageous and proven to be effective if the pressure-reducing unit is designed without any castings and / or forgings, in order to avoid major difficulties during material testing, especially during ultrasonic testing. However, in individual cases, it may be appropriate for the pressure-reducing unit to be cast, forged, pressed, or drawn.

[0015] It is particularly advantageous, as proven, if a.) the pressure-reducing unit is designed as a sleeve-like individual part that can be inserted into the base body, and / or b.) the base body is designed as an individual part that can be inserted into the wall body, in order to provide a flexible system for pressure fittings in order to meet the specific requirements for material, safety and pressure reduction.

[0016] In order to ensure particularly reliable operation, it is advantageous if a.) the pressure-reducing unit is mechanically fixed in the base body, for example and in particular if the pressure-reducing unit is mechanically fixed by means of pin-shaped elements, spot welding, welding, gluing or by means of a thread, and / or b.) the base body is mechanically fixed in the wall body, for example and in particular by means of pin-shaped elements, spot welding, welding or gluing.

[0017] Furthermore, it is advantageous and proven if the pressure-reducing unit has at least one pressure-reducing material flow opening in order to create a pressure reduction appropriate to the respective application through dimensioning.

[0018] The pressure-reducing unit can advantageously be made of a tough material, such as Cr-Ni steel or martensitic chromium steel, which is more resistant to cavitation. If the pressure-reducing unit is welded to the base body, attention must be paid to weldability by selecting a suitable material. The pressure-reducing unit may need to be buffered with a material compatible with the weld seam and the base body. A.) For secure sealing of the pressure-reducing unit in the base body, this is designed according to the invention in the form of a sleeve, which in the assembled state is introduced into the interior of the base body and interacts in a force-locking and / or form-locking manner with an inner contact surface of the base body, and / or b.) For secure sealing of the base body in the wall body, the base body in the assembled state is introduced into the interior of the wall body and interacts in a force-locking and / or form-locking manner with the wall body.

[0019] According to the invention, a pre-compressed sealing element, for example and in particular made of graphite, PTFE or a rubber-like material, is arranged in the interior of the base body between the pressure-reducing unit and a further sealing part following the pressure-reducing unit.

[0020] The pre-compressed sealing element exerts additional sealing pressure on the inner contact surface of the base body or on the pressure-reducing unit and the sealing part.

[0021] In this context, it is advantageous and proven if the wall body fitting is a pipe, T-piece, Y-piece, cross piece, elbow piece or a spherical piece.

[0022] The invention is explained in more detail in the following embodiments merely by way of example and not by way of limitation, wherein: Figure 1 - a sketchy cross-sectional representation of various molded parts; Figure 2 - is a sketchy cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a pressure-reducing unit together with a sealing part and a pre-compressed sealing element; Figure 3 - is a sketchy cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a base body; Figure 4 - a sketchy cross-sectional view of the Figures 2 and 3 shown parts in assembled condition; Figure 5 - a sketchy cross-sectional view of the Figure 4 shown parts in the assembled state, which are arranged in a wall body; Figure 6 - a sketchy cross-sectional view of a Figure 5 shown, further embodiment for cryogenic technology (double-walled).

[0023] In the Figure 1 Various shaped parts 3 can be seen, which can function both as base body 1 and as wall body 8 in multi-walled pressure fittings.

[0024] The pressure valve for material flows has a base body 1 with a pressure-reducing unit 2, wherein the base body 1 a.) is a molded part 3 and b.) is designed to be free of castings and forgings.

[0025] The base body fitting is a T-piece.

[0026] The base body 1 consists of one of the following materials: pipeline materials, C 22, St. 52, heat-resistant ferritic materials, 16Mo3, 13CrMo44, 10CrMo910, 14MoV63, P91, P92, C22.8, austenitic materials, in particular 1.4571, 1.4580, 1.4404, 1.4301, 1.4550, 1.4581, 1.4401, 1.4521, 1.4552, 1.4541, 1.4520, steel casing pipes, PE, PE-X, PP, PVC, copper materials, copper metal alloys, bronzes, aluminum multi-component bronze, AB45, ESM, molten steels, CW024A, CW509L, CW610N, CW613N, CW614N, CW617N, CW702R, CW706R, CW717R, CW715R, CW352H, CW354H, CW307G, CW353H, P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P195GH, P235GH, P265GH, 8MoB5-4, 16Mo3, X11CrMo9-1+I, 13CrMo4-5, X20CrMoV11-1, P355NH, P195GH, P285GH, 16Mo3, P355NH, materials of EN 12952 / 12953, P215NL, P265NL, P355N, P480NL1, P620Q, P890QH, 8460NH, L290NB, L450QB, L245NB, L555MB, L360MB, L280MB, materials of EN 10208-2, materials of AD2000 - HP110R, AD2000 - HP120R, AD2000 -W2, AD2000 - W / 6, AD2000 - W6 / 1, AD2000 - W6 / 2.In this case, the pressure-reducing unit 2 is a cast part, but can also be designed without a cast part.

[0027] The pressure-reducing unit 2 is sleeve-like and designed as a single part that can be inserted into the base body.

[0028] The pressure-reducing unit 2 is mechanically fixed in the base body 1, namely by means of pin-shaped elements 9.

[0029] The pressure-reducing unit 2 consists of one of the following materials: piping materials, C 22, St. 52, heat-resistant ferritic materials, 16Mo3, 13CrMo44, 10CrMo910, 14MoV63, P91, P92, C22.8, austenitic materials, in particular 1.4571, 1.4580, 1.4404, 1.4301, 1.4550, 1.4581, 1.4401, 1.4521, 1.4552, 1.4541, 1.4520, steel casing pipes, PE, PE-X, PP, PVC, copper materials, copper metal alloys, bronzes, aluminum multi-component bronze, AB45, ESM, molten steels, CW024A, CW509L, CW610N, CW613N, CW614N, CW617N, CW702R, CW706R, CW717R, CW715R, CW352H, CW354H, CW307G, CW353H, P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P195GH, P235GH, P265GH, 8MoB5-4, 16Mo3, X11CrMo9-1+I, 13CrMo4-5, X20CrMoV11-1, P355NH, P195GH, P285GH, 16Mo3, P355NH, materials of EN 12952 / 12953, P215NL, P265NL, P355N, P480NL1, P620Q, P890QH, 8460NH, L290NB, L450QB, L245NB, L555MB, L360MB, L280MB, materials of EN 10208-2, materials of AD2000 - HP110R, AD2000 - HP120R, AD2000 -W2, AD2000 - W / 6, AD2000 - W6 / 1, AD2000 - W6 / 2. The pressure-reducing unit 2 has at least one pressure-reducing material flow opening 4.

[0030] The pressure-reducing unit 2 is designed in the form of a sleeve which, when inserted into the interior of the base body 1 in the assembled state, interacts in a force-locking and / or form-locking manner with an inner contact surface 5 of the base body 1.

[0031] Inside the base body 1, a pre-compressed sealing element 7 made of graphite is arranged between the pressure-reducing unit 2 and a further sealing part 6 following the pressure-reducing unit 2.

[0032] In a multi-walled pressure fitting, the base body 1 is surrounded by at least one wall body 8, which is a.) a shaped body 3 and b.) is designed to be free of castings and forgings.

[0033] The wall body fitting is a T-piece.

[0034] The shape of the wall body 8 corresponds to the shape of the base body 1.

[0035] The wall body 8 consists of one of the following materials: pipeline materials, C 22, St. 52, heat-resistant ferritic materials, 16Mo3, 13CrMo44, 10CrMo910, 14MoV63, P91, P92, C22.8, austenitic materials, in particular 1.4571, 1.4580, 1.4404, 1.4301, 1.4550, 1.4581, 1.4401, 1.4521, 1.4552, 1.4541, 1.4520, steel casing pipes, PE, PE-X, PP, PVC, copper materials, copper metal alloys, bronzes, aluminum multi-component bronze, AB45, ESM, molten steels, CW024A, CW509L, CW610N, CW613N, CW614N, CW617N, CW702R, CW706R, CW717R, CW715R, CW352H, CW354H, CW307G, CW353H, P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P195GH, P235GH, P265GH, 8MoB5-4, 16Mo3, X11CrMo9-1+I, 13CrMo4-5, X20CrMoV11-1, P355NH, P195GH, P285GH, 16Mo3, P355NH, materials of EN 12952 / 12953, P215NL, P265NL, P355N, P480NL1, P620Q, P890QH, 8460NH, L290NB, L450QB, L245NB, L555MB, L360MB, L280MB, materials of EN 10208-2, materials of AD2000 - HP110R, AD2000 - HP120R, AD2000 -W2, AD2000 - W / 6, AD2000 - W6 / 1, AD2000 - W6 / 2, glass, ceramics, plastics, polyethylene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, Polyoxymethylene.

[0036] The arrows shown in the figures indicate the flow direction of the respective medium, in this case water. It can be seen how the water flows into the base body 1 and the pressure-reducing unit 2, and then redirects and leaves the latter again with reduced pressure, before exiting the base body 1.

[0037] In a multi-walled design, the intermediate space 14 can be designed, for example and in particular, either as a vacuum, low-pressure space, high-pressure space or flooded with a medium; the medium in the intermediate space 14 can be the same medium that originates from the interior of the base body 1 or is supplied to it. Figure 5: The T-piece has recesses A for areas 11, 5 and 7. The pressure-reducing part 2 with opening 4 is inserted into the recess A in the base body 1; then the seal 7 is inserted. The ring 4 / 6 is then inserted. There is a small gap between 4 and 2. The parts 4 / 6 are pressed against 2 by means of a lifting movement so far that the gap pre-presses the seal 7. The seal 7, made of graphite for example, is pre-tensioned so far that 7 seals off the pressure to be sealed. In the tensioned state (gap approximately zero), 6 / 4 is fixed for example by means of pins or welding / tack welding. The seal 7 is pre-compressed to a density of approx. 1.2 g / cm3 in the non-installed state. The ring 7 is further compressed to a density of approx. 1.3 to 1.9 g / cm3 during installation, depending on the operating pressure. The hole SB should be central / centric.Part 2, for example, can be fixed centrally at three points around the circumference. The installed parts 2, 5, 7, and 4 are tested for leaks. The outer T-piece 8 is split longitudinally (two half-shells). Part 1 is inserted into the half-shell; spacers are previously secured by welding; the second half-shell is placed on the first shell and welded all the way around. Part 1 is fitted with a connecting sleeve RE before assembly.

[0038] In Figure 6 A special double-walled design for cryogenics or toxic material flows is shown as an example.

[0039] A material flow (arrow) flows through the base body 1. This base body 1 is a pipe RL, connected (e.g. by welding) on both sides. The material flow flows through a throttle body. The stroke of one of the throttle bodies changes an annular gap and thus changes the flow rate. The three-dimensional unit forms a wall that forces the flow through the throttle body (seat S / cone K). The flow rate is regulated according to the stroke position. The wall body 8 encloses the base body 1. The wall body 8 is generally connected to an external line. There is a hollow space between the base body 1 and the wall body 8, for example the inner pipe RLi and the outer pipe RLä. This hollow space can fulfill several functions: insulation - vacuum, for example cryogenic liquids, toxic substances - warning system. The material flow must be prevented from escaping.Therefore, the tried-and-tested use of metallic bellows that follow the lifting movement, for example 13.1 Separation between material flow and vacuum space and 13.2 Separation between vacuum space and atmosphere. In . Figure 6 This involves installing a double-walled valve in a double-walled system. Firstly, the double pipe must be routed over the valve and must also encompass (insulate or monitor) the valve chamber. Figure 6shows the outer pipe RLä and the inner pipe RLi. In a valve, the throttling point is changed from the outside using the seat S / plug K and stroke (by positioning the plug K in the seat S; so-called throttling). The main position is achieved by moving the valve position. In a double-wall system, a valve must seal the stroke adjustment (movement of the spindle) very well (for example, tested using a helium leak test). Such high tightness values can only be achieved using metal bellows, such as 13.1 and 15.1. For example, 15.1 seals the atmosphere against vacuum, and 13.1 seals the material flow against vacuum. The T-steels used, for example (parts 8 and 1), are preferably compression-molded materials - for example, the austenitic CrNi material 1.4580 can be used. This achieves high temperature, pressure, and chemical resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.

[0040] With regard to all figures, it can be seen that, according to the invention, corresponding material interruptions in the sense described above are realized between the base body 1 and the pressure-reducing unit 2 as well as between the wall body 8 and the base body 1.

Claims

1. Pressure fitting for material flows, comprising a base body (1) with a separate pressure-reducing unit (2) arranged inside the base body (1), wherein the pressure-reducing unit (2) and / or the base body (1) and / or consist of: C 22, St. 52, heat-resistant ferritic materials, 16Mo3, 13CrMo44, 10CrMo910, 14MoV63, P91, P92, C22.8, austenitic materials, in particular 1.4571, 1.4580, 1.4404, 1.4301, 1.4550, 1.4581, 1.4401, 1.4521, 1.4552, 1.4541, 1.4520PE, PE-X, PP, PVC, copper materials, copper metal alloys, bronzes, aluminum multicomponent bronze, AB45, ESM, CW024A, CW509L, CW610N, CW613N, CW614N, CW617N, CW702R, CW706R, CW717R, CW715R, CW352H, CW354H, CW307G, CW353H, P195TR1, P195TR2, P235TR1, P235TR2, P195GH, P235GH, P265GH, 8MoB5-4, 16Mo3, X11CrMo9-1+I, 13CrMo4-5, X20CrMoV11-1, P355NH, P195GH, P285GH, 16Mo3, P355NH, materials in accordance with EN 12952 / 12953, P215NL, P265NL, P355N, P480NL1, P620Q, P890QH, 8460NH, L290NB, L450QB, L245NB, L555MB, L360MB, L280MB, materials in accordance with EN 10208-2, materials in accordance with AD2000 - HP110R, AD2000 - HP120R, AD2000 -W2, AD2000 - W / 6, AD2000 - W6 / 1, AD2000 - W6 / 2, glass, ceramics, plastic, polyethylene, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyoxymethylene; a.) the pressure-reducing unit (2) is designed in a sleeve-like manner, which, when assembled, is inserted into the interior of the base body (1) and interacts with an inner contact surface (5) of the base body (1) in a force- and / or form-fitting manner, and / or b.) the base body (1), when assembled, is inserted into the interior of the wall body (8) and interacts with the wall body (8) in a force-fitting and / or form-fitting manner, characterized in that a pre-compressed sealing element (7) is arranged inside the base body (1) between the pressure-reducing unit (2) and a further sealing part (6) following the pressure-reducing unit (2).

2. Pressure fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that a.) the base body (1) is a molded part (3), and / or b.) the wall body (8) is a molded part (3).

3. Pressure fitting according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that a.) the base body (1) is designed without cast parts and / or forged parts, and / or b.) the wall body (8) is designed without cast parts and / or forged parts.

4. Pressure fitting according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the base body and / or the wall body is / are a pipe, T-piece, Y-piece, cross-piece, elbow piece, or a ball-shaped piece.

5. Pressure fitting according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pressure-reducing unit (2) is designed without cast parts and / or forged parts.

6. Pressure fitting according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a.) the pressure-reducing unit (2) is designed as a sleeve and as a single part that can be inserted into the base body, and / or b.) the base body (1) is designed as a single part that can be inserted into the wall body (8).

7. Pressure fitting according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the pressure-reducing unit (2) and / or the base body (1) are mechanically fixed by means of pin-shaped elements (9), spot welding, welding or by means of a thread.

8. Pressure fitting according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pressure-reducing unit (2) has at least one pressure-reducing material flow opening (4).

9. Pressure fitting according to claim 8, characterized in that the pre-compressed sealing element (7) consists of graphite, PTFE or a rubber-like material.

10. Method for operating pressure fittings, characterized in that a pressure fitting according to one of claims 1 to 9 is used.

11. Use of a pressure fitting according to one of claims 1 to 9.