IONICALLY MODIFIED POLYISOCYANATE MIXTURE

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture and a process for its preparation. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture, coating compositions containing the ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture, and substrates coated with the coating composition.

[0002] Waterborne coating systems have now firmly established themselves as an environmentally friendly alternative to solvent-based coatings for various applications. Hydrophilically modified polyisocyanates play a key role as raw materials for high-quality waterborne coatings, as they serve as water-dispersible crosslinking components that enable the formulation of waterborne two-component polyurethane (2K-PUR) coatings.

[0003] A very simple method for producing water-dispersible polyisocyanates is, for example, the partial reaction of hydrophobic polyisocyanates with hydrophilic polyether alcohols (see, for example, EP-A 0 959 087, page 2, lines 25-46). However, polyether-modified polyisocyanates have the fundamental disadvantage that the high polyether content required for sufficient dispersibility when used as crosslinkers in waterborne 2K PU coatings imparts permanent hydrophilicity to the resulting coatings.

[0004] To circumvent this disadvantage, attempts have already been made to produce hydrophilically modified, self-dispersible polyisocyanates by incorporating ionic groups, in particular sulfonate groups.

[0005] WO 2009 / 010469 describes the use of aromatic sulfonic acids, which carry exactly one primary or secondary amino group and have a specific substitution pattern, in combination with monofunctional polyether alcohols for the hydrophilization of di- or polyisocyanates.

[0006] According to the teaching of WO 2001 / 88006, hydrophilicized polyisocyanates can be obtained by reacting any polyisocyanates with 2-(cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid (CHES) or 3-(cyclohexylamino)propanesulfonic acid (CAPS), which, when used as crosslinkers in aqueous coating systems, lead to coatings of high hardness and excellent solvent and chemical resistance.

[0007] EP 3 045 485 A1 describes the use of further aminopropane, aminobutane and / or aminoisobutanesulfonic acids substituted on the nitrogen with cycloaliphatics as hydrophilizing agents for polyisocyanates.

[0008] The aminosulfonic acids mentioned in these publications generally exist as zwitterionic compounds, which have high melting points and are insoluble or at least very sparingly soluble in polyisocyanates and organic solvents. Their complete conversion with polyisocyanates generally requires very long reaction times, even at high temperatures.

[0009] Under these conditions—long reaction time and / or high temperature—sulfonic acid groups react in the presence of dehydrating compounds, such as isocyanates, but also increasingly with each other to form sulfonic acid anhydrides or with isocyanate groups to form mixed anhydrides of sulfonic acids and carbamic acids, so-called carbamoylsulfonates. These side reactions reduce the number of hydrophilic acid groups in the processes described above for producing polyisocyanate crosslinkers containing sulfonate groups, thus reducing the emulsifiability of the reaction products.

[0010] Although some of the disadvantages of polyisocyanates containing sulfonate groups can be reduced according to the processes of EP 3 560 975 and EP 3 560 976 by reacting aminosulfonic acids with polyisocyanates in the presence of antioxidants or radical scavengers, or according to the process of WO 2019 / 206861 using aminosulfonic acids with a defined water content, the core problem with the use of aminosulfonic acids, their zwitterionic character and the associated poor solubility, which requires long reaction times at high temperatures, remains unsolved.

[0011] WO 98 / 38196 describes reaction products of polyisocyanates with compounds containing trialkylammonium-neutralized phosphate or phosphonate groups, for example, triethylamine salts of nonylphenol-initiated ethylene oxide polyethers with terminal phosphonic acid groups, as emulsifiers for the production of water-dispersible polyisocyanates. The isocyanate groups react with the acid group.

[0012] WO 2014 / 048634 relates to surface-active agents produced by reacting aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic polyisocyanates with monofunctional polyethylene oxide polyethers and, at the same time, a mixture of amine-neutralized phosphoric acid mono- and diesters, for example a mixture of 2-ethylhexyl phosphates (45 mol% monoester, 55 mol% diester).

[0013] According to the teaching of WO 98 / 56843, reaction products of aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic polyisocyanates with optionally at least partially neutralized, acidic phosphoric esters are suitable as emulsifiers for polyisocyanates. Suitable phosphoric esters include those based on optionally alkoxylated fatty alcohols, but also mixtures of simple mono- and dialkyl phosphates. The applicants "suspect" that the acidic phosphoric esters react with isocyanate groups via -POH.

[0014] However, the hydrophilic polyisocyanates based on phosphoric or phosphonic acid esters and structural components containing ethylene oxide groups, obtainable by the processes of WO 98 / 38196, WO 2014 / 048634, and WO 98 / 56843, exhibit the disadvantages of polyether-modified polyisocyanates mentioned above. It is known from WO 2019 / 068529 that polyisocyanates obtained by the process of WO 98 / 56843 using mixtures of monobutyl phosphate with molar excess amounts of dibutyl phosphate, partially neutralized with triethylamine, are unsuitable as crosslinker components in aqueous 2K PU coatings because they frequently lead to coatings with insufficient gloss.

[0015] According to JP 2020186207, zwitterionic aminophosphonic acid monoesters are also suitable as building blocks for the hydrophilization of polyisocyanates. However, their production via diester compounds is only possible in a very complex process on a very small scale and in moderate yields. Such products have not yet been able to establish themselves on the market.

[0016] The object of the present invention was therefore to provide new ionically hydrophilicized polyisocyanates which can be produced safely and reproducibly from readily accessible raw materials in a simpler process than the known prior art processes and which are characterized by low viscosities and very good dispersibility.

[0017] This problem has now been solved with the ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to the invention and a process for its preparation. The present invention is based on the surprising observation that the modification of polyisocyanates with salts of monosubstituted phosphinic acids to form polyisocyanates containing P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate groups proceeds even at very low temperatures, yielding an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture with excellent dispersibility and low viscosity.

[0018] The present invention relates to an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture containing one or more isocyanate groups and one or more P-substituted carbamoylphospinate structures.

[0019] The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture, comprising a reaction of 1) at least one polyisocyanate A) with 2) at least one monosubstituted phosphinic acid B), wherein the phosphinic acid groups are at least partially neutralized before, during and / or after the reaction of A) with B), and 3) optionally with further non-ionically hydrophilic or hydrophobic organic compounds C) which have at least one group reactive towards isocyanates, and 4) optionally in the presence of further auxiliaries and additives D).

[0020] According to the invention, the terms "comprising," "containing," etc., preferably mean "consisting essentially of" and particularly preferably "consisting of." The further embodiments mentioned in the claims and in the description can be combined in any way, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0021] "At least one," as used herein, refers to 1 or more, for example, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or more. In the context of components of the compounds described herein, this statement does not refer to the absolute amount of molecules, but rather to the type of component. "At least one polyisocyanate A)" therefore means, for example, that only one type of polyisocyanate A) or several different types of polyisocyanates A) may be present, without specifying the amount of the individual compounds.

[0022] Numerical values stated herein without decimal places refer to the full specified value with one decimal place. For example, "99%" stands for "99.0%."

[0023] Numerical ranges specified in the format "in / from x to y" include the specified values. If multiple preferred numerical ranges are specified in this format, it goes without saying that all ranges resulting from the combination of the different endpoints will also be included.

[0024] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "P-substituted" is defined as any substituent other than hydrogen, preferably selected from the substituents or general formulas mentioned below, or resulting from the monosubstituted phosphinic acids mentioned. For example, reference is made to general formula (II) or (III), in which R as a "P-substituent" is in each case other than hydrogen.

[0025] In other words, "P-substituted" here means that the substituent on the phosphorus atom of the carbamoylphosphinate structure is other than hydrogen.

[0026] For the purposes of this document, the term "aliphatic" is defined as non-aromatic hydrocarbon groups that are saturated or unsaturated.

[0027] The term "linear aliphatic" refers to compounds that are completely free of cyclic structural elements, while the term "alicyclic" or "cycloaliphatic" defines optionally substituted, carbocyclic, or heterocyclic compounds or units that are not aromatic (such as cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, or oxa-, thia-, aza-, or thiazacycloalkane). Specific examples include cyclohexyl groups, cyclopentyl groups, and their N- or O-heterocyclic derivatives, such as pyrimidine, pyrazine, tetrahydropyran, or tetrahydrofuran.

[0028] For the purposes of this document, the term "araliphatic" is defined as hydrocarbon residues that consist of both an aromatic and a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group directly bonded to the aromatic residue.

[0029] For the purposes of this document, the term "alicyclic" or "cycloaliphatic" is defined as optionally substituted, carbocyclic, or heterocyclic compounds or moieties that are not aromatic (such as cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, or oxa-, thia-, aza-, or thiazacycloalkanes). Specific examples include cyclohexyl groups, cyclopentyl groups, and their N- or O-heterocyclic derivatives, such as pyrimidine, pyrazine, tetrahydropyran, or tetrahydrofuran.

[0030] In the event that the groups or compounds are disclosed as "optionally substituted" or "substituted", suitable substituents are -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, -OH, -OCH 3 , OCH 2 CH 3 , -O-isopropyl or -on-propyl, -OCF 3 , -CF 3 , -SC 1-6 -alkyl and / or (optionally via an attached heteroatom) a linear or branched, aliphatic and / or alicyclic structural unit having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, each acting as a replacement for a carbon-bonded hydrogen atom of the molecule in question. Preferred substituents are halogen (especially -F, -Cl), C 1-6 -alkoxy (especially methoxy and ethoxy), hydroxy, trifluoromethyl and trifluoromethoxy, each acting as a replacement for a carbon-bonded hydrogen atom of the molecule in question.

[0031] Polyisocyanates A) for the ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to the invention and the process according to the invention are any diisocyanates, triisocyanates and / or polyisocyanates with aliphatically, cycloaliphatically, araliphatically and / or aromatically bound isocyanate groups.

[0032] Suitable diisocyanates and triisocyanates A) are any diisocyanates and triisocyanates which can be obtained in various ways, for example by phosgenation of the corresponding diamines or triamines in the liquid or gas phase or by a phosgene-free route, such as by thermal urethane cleavage, preferably those in the molecular weight range 140 to 400 with aliphatically, cycloaliphatically, araliphatically and / or aromatically bound isocyanate groups, such as. B. 1,4-diisocyanatobutane, 1,5-diisocyanatopentane (PDI), 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (HDI), 2-methyl-1,5-diisocyanatopentane, 1,5-diisocyanato-2,2-dimethylpentane, 2,2,4- or 2,4,4-trimethyl-1,6-diisocyanatohexane, 1,8-diisocyanatooctane, 1,9-diisocyanatononane, 1,10-diisocyanatodecane, 1,3- and 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1,3- and 1,4-bis-(isocyanatomethyl)-cyclohexane, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate, IPDI), 2,4'- and 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane (H 12 -MDI), 4,4'-Diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethyldicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-Diisocyanato-3,3',5,5'-tetramethyldicyclo-hexylmethane, 4,4'-Diisocyanato-1,1'-bi(cyclohexyl), 4,4'-Diisocyanato-3,3'-dimethyl-1,1'-bi(cyclohexyl), 4,4'-Diisocyanato-2,2',5,5'-tetra-methyl-1,1'-bi(cyclohexyl), 1,8-Diisocyanato-p-menthane, 1,3-Diisocyanatoadamantane, 1,3-Dimethyl-5,7-diisocyanatoadamantane, 1-Isocyanato-1-methyl-4(3)isocyanato-methylcyclohexane, Bis-(isocyanatomethyl)-norbornane (NBDI), 4-isocyanatomethyl-1,8-octane diisocyanate (Triisocyanatononane; TIN), 1,3- and 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene (xylylene diisocyanate, XDI), 1,3- and 1,4-bis-(2-isocyanato-prop-2-yl)-benzene (TMXDI), 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-4-methylbenzene, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-4-ethylbenzene, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-5-methylbenzene, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-4,5-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-2,5-dimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-5-tert-butylbenzene, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-4-chlorobenzene, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-4,5-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrachlorobenzene, 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrabromobenzene, 1,4-bis(2-isocyanatoethyl)benzene and 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)naphthalene, 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene (phenylene diisocyanate), 2,4- and 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene (TDI), 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-diisocyanatobenzene, the isomeric diethylphenylene diisocyanates, Diisopropylphenylene diisocyanates, diisododecylphenylene diisocyanates and biphenyl diisocyanates, 3,3'-dimethoxybiphenyl 4,4'-diisocyanate, 2,2'-, 2,4'- and 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane (MDI), 3,3'-dimethyldiphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate, 4,4'-Diisocyanatodiphenylethane, 1,5-Diisocyanatonaphthalene (naphthylene diisocyanate, NDI), diphenyl ether diisocyanate, ethylene glycol diphenyl ether diisocyanate, diethylene glycol diphenyl ether diisocyanate, 1,3-propylene glycol diphenyl ether diisocyanate, benzophenone diisocyanate,Triisocyanatobenzene, 2,4,6-triisocyanatotoluene, trimethylbenzene triisocyanate, diphenylmethane-2,4,4'-triisocyanate, 3-methyldiphenylmethane-4,6,4'-triisocyanate, the isomeric naphthalene triisocyanates and methylnaphthalene diisocyanates, triphenylmethane triisocyanate, 2,4-diisocyanato-1-[(5-isocyanato-2-methylphenyl)methyl]benzene or mixtures of at least two such diisocyanates and triisocyanates.

[0033] Suitable polyisocyanates A) are any polyisocyanates having a uretdione, isocyanurate, allophanate, biuret, iminooxadiazinedione and / or oxadiazinetrione structure produced by modifying simple aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and / or aromatic diisocyanates and / or triisocyanates, for example those of the type mentioned above, as described, for example, in J. Prakt. Chem. 336 (1994) 185 - 200, in DE-A 1 670 666, DE-A 1 954 093, DE-A 2 414 413, DE-A 2 452 532, DE-A 2 641 380, DE-A 3 700 209, DE-A 3 900 053 and DE-A 3 928 503 or in EP-A 0 336 205, EP-A 0 339 396 EP-A 0 798 299, EP-A 0 962 454, EP-A 0 962 455, EP-A 2 785 760, EP-A 2 883 895, EP-A 3 107 922, EP-A 3 107 948 and EP-A 3 337 836 or any mixtures of such polyisocyanates.

[0034] If appropriate, monoisocyanates, especially those in the molecular weight range of 99 to 300, such as n-butyl isocyanate, n-amyl isocyanate, n-hexyl isocyanate, n-heptyl isocyanate, n-octyl isocyanate, undecyl isocyanate, dodecyl isocyanate, tetradecyl isocyanate, cetyl isocyanate, stearyl isocyanate, cyclopentyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, 3- or 4-methylcyclohexyl isocyanate, benzyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate, or naphthyl isocyanate, may also be used in minor amounts when modifying the above-mentioned diisocyanates and / or triisocyanates to polyisocyanates A). If used at all, monoisocyanates are used in amounts of up to 30% by weight, preferably up to 20% by weight, particularly preferably up to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of mono-, di-, and triisocyanates.

[0035] In the preparation of polyisocyanates A), the actual modification reaction is generally followed by a further process step to separate the unreacted excess monomeric diisocyanates and / or triisocyanates and, if appropriate, monoisocyanates. This monomer separation is carried out by conventional methods, preferably by thin-film distillation under vacuum or by extraction with suitable solvents inert toward isocyanate groups, for example, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclopentane, or cyclohexane.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to the invention additionally contains one or more isocyanurate, allophanate, urethane, urea, uretdione, iminooxadiazinedione, oxadiazinetrione and / or biuret structures.

[0037] In the process according to the invention, polyisocyanates of the type mentioned which have an isocyanate group content of 6.0 to 26.0 wt. %, preferably 8.0 to 25.0 wt. %, particularly preferably 10.0 to 24.0 wt. %, and a monomeric diisocyanate content of less than 0.14 wt. %, preferably less than 0.12 wt. %, particularly preferably less than 0.10 wt. % are preferably used as polyisocyanate A). For the alternative, optional case in which triisocyanates and / or monoisocyanates were used to prepare the polyisocyanates A), the above-mentioned residual monomer contents of less than 0.14 wt. %, preferably less than 0.12 wt. %, particularly preferably less than 0.10 wt. % relate to all diisocyanates, triisocyanates and monoisocyanates used. The NCO contents are determined according to DIN EN ISO 11909:2007-05, the residual monomer contents according to DIN EN ISO 10283:2007-11 using gas chromatography with an internal standard.

[0038] Particularly preferred polyisocyanates A) for the process according to the invention are those of the type mentioned with exclusively aliphatically and / or cycloaliphatically bound isocyanate groups.

[0039] Very particularly preferred polyisocyanates A) are polyisocyanates containing at least isocyanurate structures and based on 1,5-diisocyanatopentane, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, bis(isocyanatomethyl)norbornane and / or 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane.

[0040] In a further preferred embodiment, the ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to the invention has an NCO content determined according to DIN EN ISO 11909:2007-05 of 5.8 to 25.9 wt.%, preferably 7.8 to 24.9 wt.%, particularly preferably 9.7 to 23.9 wt.%, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate mixture.

[0041] In a further preferred embodiment, the ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to the invention has a residual monomer content, measured according to DIN EN ISO 10283:2007-11 by gas chromatography with an internal standard, of less than 0.14% by weight, preferably less than 0.12% by weight and particularly preferably less than 0.10% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate mixture.

[0042] In the process according to the invention, the polyisocyanates A) mentioned are reacted with at least one monosubstituted phosphinic acid B). This is any phosphinic acid of the general formula (I) in which R is not hydrogen and preferably represents any saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, araliphatic radical having 7 to 18 carbon atoms and / or aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, each of which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain.

[0043] Preferably, R in the general formula (I) represents any saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain, and / or a saturated or unsaturated cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain, and / or an araliphatic radical having 7 to 18 carbon atoms, which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain, and / or an aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, each of which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain.

[0044] Such monosubstituted phosphinic acids are known. They can be obtained, for example, by the process of EP 0 080 149 through acid hydrolysis of dichlorophosphines or by reacting alkyl or aryl halides with hypophosphoric acid, as described in WO 2006 / 038870 and M. Kalek, J. Stawinski / Tetrahedron 65 (2009) 10406 - 10412.

[0045] Suitable phosphinic acids are, for example, methylphosphinic acid, ethylphosphinic acid, n-propylphosphinic acid, isopropylphosphinic acid, n-butylphosphinic acid, cyclopentylphosphinic acid, (2-methylcyclopentyl)phosphinic acid, (3-methylcyclopentyl)phosphinic acid, (2-ethylcyclopentyl)phosphinic acid, cyclohexylphosphinic acid, (2-methylcyclohexyl)phosphinic acid, (3-methylcyclohexyl)phosphinic acid, (4-methylcyclohexyl)phosphinic acid, (1,2-dimethylcyclohexyl)phosphinic acid, (3-chlorocyclohexyl)phosphinic acid, (2-bromocyclohexyl)phosphinic acid, cyclooctylphosphinic acid, cyclododecylphosphinic acid, (2-cyclohexen-1-yl)phosphinic acid, (3,5,5-Trimethylcyclohexen-2-yl)phosphinic acid, (4-cycloocten-1-yl)phosphinic acid, (bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl)phosphinic acid, bicyclo[3.3.O]oct-1-ylphosphinic acid, 1-adamantylphosphinic acid, (tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)phosphinic acid, (thiophen-2-yl)phosphinic acid, phenylphosphinic acid, 2-tolylphosphinic acid, 2-methoxyphenylphosphinic acid, 3-methoxyphenylphosphinic acid, 4-nitrophenylphosphinic acid, (2-vinylphenyl)phosphinic acid, (4-vinylphenyl)phosphinic acid, 4-acetylphenylphosphinic acid, 4-acetamidophenylphosphinic acid, (4-benzylphenyl)phosphinic acid, phenethylphosphinic acid, bibenzyl-4-ylphosphinic acid, benzylphosphinic acid, (D)-styrylphosphinic acid, (2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)phosphinic acid, 1-naphthylphosphinic acid, 2-naphthylphosphinic acid, phenanthren-9-ylphosphinic acid or mixtures of at least two such phosphinic acids.

[0046] Preferred phosphinic acids B) for the process according to the invention are those of the general formula (I) in which the radical R represents an optionally substituted aliphatic or optionally substituted aromatic radical, particularly preferably an optionally substituted aromatic radical.

[0047] The most preferred phosphinic acid B) is phenylphosphinic acid.

[0048] The phosphinic acids B) are preferably used in the process according to the invention in an amount of 0.3 to 25.0% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 15.0% by weight, very particularly preferably 1.0 to 10.0% by weight, based on the total weight of components A) and B). The amount of phosphinic acids which are chemically bound in the ionically modified polyisocyanate mixtures according to the invention can be determined in a simple manner, for example after hydrolysis or alcoholysis by preparative isolation or chromatographic methods, such as. B. preparative gel chromatography, and can be selected as desired over a wide range, preferably the ionically modified polyisocyanates according to the invention have a content of carbamoylphosphinate structures (calculated as O 2 PCONH, molecular weight = 106 g / mol) of 0.10 to 33.1 wt.%, preferably from 0.17 to 19.8 wt.%, particularly preferably from 0.33 to 13.2 wt.-%, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate mixture.

[0049] In the process according to the invention, the phosphinic acid groups are neutralized at least partially before, during, and / or after the reaction of A) with B), whereby phosphinate anions are formed. Any bases, for example alkali metal hydroxides or alkoxides, are suitable as neutralizing agents.

[0050] Bevorzugt kommen als Neutralisationsmittel aber tertiäre Amine zum Einsatz, beispielsweise tertiäre Monoamine, wie z. B. Trimethylamin, Triethylamin, Tripropylamin, Tributylamin, N,N-Dimethylethylamin, N,N-Dimethylpropylamin, N,N-Dimethylisopropylamin, N,N-Dimethylbutylamin, N,N-Dimethylisobutylamin, N,N-Dimethyloctylamin, N,N-Dimethyl-2-ethylhexylamin, N,N-Dimethyllaurylamin, N,N-Diethylmethylamin, N,N-Diethylpropylamin, N,N-Diethylbutylamin, N,N-Diethylhexylamin, N,N-Diethyloctylamin, N,N-Diethyl-2-ethylhexylamin, N,N-Diethyllaurylamin, N,N-Diisopropylmethylamin, N,N-Diisopropylethylamin, N,N-Diisopropylbutylamin, N,N-Diisopropyl-2-ethylhexylamin, N,N-Dioctylmethylamin, N,N-Dimethylallylamin, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamin, N,N-Diethylbenzylamin, N,N-Dibenzylmethylamin, Tribenzylamin, N,N-Dimethyl-4-methylbenzylamin, N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamin, N,N-Diethylcyclohexylamin, N,N-Dicyclohexylmethylamin, N,N-Dicyclohexylethylamin, Tricyclohexylamin, N-Methylpyrrolidin, N-Ethylpyrrolidin,N-propylpyrrolidine, N-butylpyrrolidine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, N-propylpiperidine, N-butylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-propylmorpholine, N-butylmorpholine, N-sec-butylmorpholine, N-tert-butylmorpholine, N-isobutylmorpholine and quinuclidine or tertiary diamines such as 1,3-bis-(dimethylamino)-propane, 1,4-bis-(dimethylamino)-butane and N,N-dimethylpiperazine, or any mixtures of such tertiary amines.

[0051] Suitable, but less preferred, tertiary amines are also those which carry groups reactive towards isocyanates, for example alkanolamines such as dimethylethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine or triethanolamine.

[0052] Preferred tertiary amines are triethylamine, N,N-dimethylbutylamine, N,N-dimethyl-2-ethylhexylamine, N,N-diethylmethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N,N-diisopropyl-2-ethylhexylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N,N-dicyclohexylmethylamine, N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-isobutylmorpholines or mixtures thereof.

[0053] Particularly preferred are triethylamine, N,N-dimethylbutylamine, N,N-diethylmethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylmorpholine or mixtures thereof.

[0054] The neutralizing agents mentioned, preferably neutralizing amines, are used in the process according to the invention in amounts corresponding to an equivalent ratio of neutralizing agent to phosphinic acid groups of component B) of 0.2 to 2.0, preferably 0.5 to 1.5, particularly preferably 0.95 to 1.05. The same applies to the ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to the invention in a preferred embodiment.

[0055] Preferably, the at least one monosubstituted phosphinic acid B) is neutralized with a suitable tertiary amine of the type mentioned to form ammonium phosphinate salts before the reaction with the at least one polyisocyanate A).

[0056] Starting compounds C) for the process according to the invention or the ionically modified polyisocyanate mixtures according to the invention are any nonionically hydrophilic or hydrophobic compounds that have at least one isocyanate-reactive group. The term "hydrophilic" is defined as a water solubility of a compound of at least 500 g / liter, preferably complete water solubility, and the term "hydrophobic" as a water solubility of a compound of at most 100 g / liter, preferably complete water insolubility, each determined at 20°C.

[0057] Suitable non-ionic hydrophilic compounds C) are, for example, mono- or polyhydric polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohols containing, on average, 5 to 50 ethylene oxide units per molecule, as are obtainable in a conventional manner by alkoxylation of suitable starter molecules (see, for example, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 4th Edition, Volume 19, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp. 31-38). Such starter molecules can be, for example, any mono- or polyhydric alcohols in the molecular weight range 32 to 300, such as, for example,Methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, the isomeric pentanols, hexanols, octanols and nonanols, n-decanol, n-dodecanol, n-tetradecanol, n-hexadecanol, n-octadecanol, cyclohexanol, the isomeric methylcyclohexanols, hydroxymethylcyclohexane, 3-methyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane, benzyl alcohol, phenol, the isomeric cresols, octylphenols, nonylphenols and naphthols, furfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol, the isomeric butanediols, pentanediols, hexanediols, heptanediols and octanediols, 1,2- and or 1,3,5-Tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate.

[0058] Alkylene oxides suitable for the alkoxylation reaction are, in particular, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, which can be used in any order or as a mixture in the alkoxylation reaction. Suitable polyether alcohols are either pure polyethylene oxide polyether alcohols or mixed polyalkylene oxide polyethers whose alkylene oxide units consist of at least 70 mol%, preferably at least 80 mol%, of ethylene oxide units.

[0059] Preferred polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohols C) are those prepared using the above-mentioned monoalcohols with a molecular weight range of 32 to 150 as starter molecules. Particularly preferred polyether alcohols are pure polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether alcohols, which have an average of 5 to 50, most preferably 5 to 25, ethylene oxide units.

[0060] Non-ionically hydrophilic compounds C) are used in the process according to the invention, if at all, in amounts of up to 30% by weight, preferably up to 25% by weight, particularly preferably up to 20% by weight, based on the starting polyisocyanate A).

[0061] Suitable hydrophobic compounds C) are, for example, aliphatic alcohols or fatty acid ester alcohols each containing at least 8 carbon atoms.

[0062] Suitable aliphatic hydrophobic alcohols are, for example, 1-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, the isomeric nonanols, decanols, undecanols, dodecanols, tridecanols, tetradecanols, pentadecanols, hexadecanols and 3-phenyl-2-propenol (cinnamal alcohol) as well as hydrophobic polyalkylene oxide alcohols initiated on these alcohols, whose alkylene oxide units consist of at least 80 mol%, preferably at least 90 mol%, particularly preferably exclusively of propylene oxide units.

[0063] Suitable fatty acid ester alcohols C) are, for example, esterification products of hydroxy-functional fatty acids, such as hydroxyacetic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, 2-hydroxysuccinic acid (malic acid), 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid (tartaric acid), 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propane-tricarboxylic acid (citric acid), hydroxystearic acid, ricinoleic acid, salicylic acid and mandelic acid, with alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, the isomeric pentanols, hexanols, octanols and nonanols, n-decanol or n-dodecanol, in which the sum of the carbon atoms of fatty acid and esterification alcohol is at least 8.

[0064] Hydrophobic compounds C) are used, if at all, in the process according to the invention in amounts of up to 30% by weight, preferably up to 20% by weight, particularly preferably up to 10% by weight, based on the starting polyisocyanate A).

[0065] In the process according to the invention, further auxiliaries and additives D), such as antioxidants and / or catalysts, may optionally be used.

[0066] Suitable antioxidants D) are, for example, the antioxidant compounds known from plastics chemistry, such as, for example, preferably sterically hindered phenols and / or di- or trisubstituted phosphites.

[0067] Suitable sterically hindered phenols D) are, for example, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, triethylene glycol bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionate, octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate), esters of 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with aliphatic branched C7 to C9 alcohols, such as, for example,Isoheptyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, Isooctyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate or Isononyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, Isotridecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, Thiodiethyl bis[3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate], N,N'-Hexamethylene bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionamide, 1,2-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid)hydrazide, 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenyl 4'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylbenzoate, Esters of (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylthioacetic acid with aliphatic branched C10 to C14 alcohols, 2,2'-thio-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2-methyl-4,6-bis(octylthiomethyl)phenol, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate and 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, which are optionally used in combination with didodecyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate or dioctadecyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate.

[0068] Suitable phosphites D) are, for example, di- or, preferably, trisubstituted phosphites, such as, for example, dibutyl phosphite and dibenzyl phosphite, triethyl phosphite and tributyl phosphite. However, the antioxidants D) of the phosphite type are preferably trisubstituted phosphites in which at least one of the substituents is an optionally substituted aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or a linear or branched aliphatic radical having 9 to 18 carbon atoms, for example aryl phosphites, such as, for example, triphenyl phosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite or tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, alkylarylphosphites, such as, for example, B. diphenyl isooctyl phosphite, diphenyl isodecyl phosphite, diisodecyl phenyl phosphite, diisooctyloctyl phenyl phosphite, phenyl neopentyl glycol phosphite or 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl (2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol) phosphite, alkyl phosphites, such as e.g. b.Triisodecyl phosphite, trilauryl phosphite or tris(tridecyl)phosphite, or aromatically or aliphatically substituted diphosphites, such as diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite or tetraphenyl dipropylene glycol diphosphite.

[0069] Preferred antioxidants D) for the process according to the invention are sterically hindered phenols containing 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol structures, as well as trisubstituted phosphites bearing at least one linear or branched aliphatic substituent having 10 to 16 carbon atoms or a phenyl radical. Particularly preferred antioxidants D) are 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, esters of 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with aliphatic branched C7 to C9 alcohols, octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, triisodecyl phosphite, phenyl diisodecyl phosphite, and / or diphenylisodecyl phosphite.

[0070] Very particularly preferred antioxidants D) for the process according to the invention are 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and esters of 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with aliphatic branched C7 to C9 alcohols.

[0071] If at all, antioxidants D) are used in the process according to the invention both individually and in any combinations with one another in amounts of from 0.001 to 3.0% by weight, preferably from 0.002 to 2.0% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.005 to 1.0% by weight, very particularly preferably from 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, calculated as the total amount of antioxidants used, based on the amount of starting polyisocyanate A).

[0072] The antioxidants D) can be added in the above-specified amount to one or more of the reactants, the at least one polyisocyanate A), the optionally neutralized at least one monosubstituted phosphinic acid B), and / or the optionally used non-ionic hydrophilic or hydrophobic compounds C) before the actual reaction begins. However, they can also be added to the reaction mixture at any time during the addition of the reactants or subsequently, preferably at the beginning of the addition.

[0073] If at all, the antioxidant D) is preferably added before the start of the reaction of the at least one polyisocyanate A).

[0074] To carry out the process according to the invention, the starting components A), B) and optionally C), optionally in the presence of further auxiliaries and additives D), are reacted with one another at temperatures of 0 to 150 °C, preferably 20 to 100 °C, particularly preferably 30 to 80 °C, while maintaining an equivalent ratio of NCO groups to groups reactive towards NCO groups of 2:1 to 400:1, preferably of 4:1 to 250:1, preferably until the theoretically calculated NCO content is reached, it being possible to monitor the course of the reaction by, for example, titrimetric determination of the NCO content.

[0075] The reaction of components A), B), and optionally C) generally proceeds very rapidly even without catalysts. However, to further accelerate the reaction, conventional catalysts known from polyurethane chemistry can also be used as additional auxiliaries and additives D) in the process according to the invention, for example, additional tert-butyl ethers.Amines such as triethylamine, pyridine, methylpyridine, benzyldimethylamine, N,N-endoethylenepiperazine, N-methylpiperidine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N,N-dimethylaminocyclohexane, N,N'-dimethylpiperazine or metal salts such as iron (III) chloride, aluminum tri (ethyl acetoacetate), zinc chloride, zinc (II) n-octanoate, Zinc(II)-2-ethyl-1-hexanoate, zinc(II)-2-ethylcaproate, zinc(II)-stearate, zinc(II)-naphthenate, zinc(II)-acetylacetonate, tin(II)-n-octanoate, tin(II)-2-ethyl-1-hexanoate, tin(II)-ethylcaproate, tin(II)-laurate, Tin(II) palmitate, dibutyltin(IV) oxide, dibutyltin(IV) dichloride, Dibutyltin(IV) diacetate, dibutyltin(IV) dimaleate, dibutyltin(IV) dilaurate, dioctyltin(IV) diacetate, molybdenum glycolate or any mixtures of such catalysts.

[0076] These catalysts D) are used in the process according to the invention, if at all, in an amount of 0.001 to 2 wt.%, preferably 0.005 to 0.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the reactants.

[0077] The process according to the invention is preferably carried out solvent-free. However, suitable solvents that are inert toward the reactive groups of the starting components, particularly toward isocyanate groups, may also be used if desired. Suitable solvents include, for example, the conventional paint solvents known per se, such as, for example,Ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethylene glycol monomethyl or ethyl ether acetate, 1-methoxypropyl-2-acetate, 3-methoxy-n-butyl acetate, acetone, 2-butanone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone, cyclohexanone, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, white spirit, higher substituted aromatics, such as those sold under the names Solventnaphtha, Solvesso ®< , Isopar ®< , Nappar ®< (Deutsche EXXON CHEMICAL GmbH, Cologne, DD) and Shellsol ®< (Deutsche Shell Chemie GmbH, Eschborn, DD), carbonic acid esters such as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, 1,2-ethylene carbonate and 1,2-propylene carbonate, lactones such as β-propiolactone, γ-butyrolactone, ε-caprolactone and ε-Methylcaprolactone, but also solvents such as propylene glycol diacetate, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, butyl glycol acetate, butyl diglycol acetate, 1,3-dioxolane, N-methylpyrrolidone and N-methylcaprolactam, or any mixtures of such solvents.

[0078] An ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture containing one or more isocyanate groups and one or more P-substituted carbamoylphospinate structures is obtainable or is obtained by the process according to the invention.

[0079] Preferably, P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate groups of the general formula (II) are obtained in which R is not hydrogen and preferably represents any saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, araliphatic radical having 7 to 18 carbon atoms and / or aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, each of which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain, containing polyisocyanates with NCO contents determined according to DIN EN ISO 11909:2007-05 of 5.8 to 25.9% by weight, particularly preferably 7.8 to 24.9% by weight, very particularly preferably 9.7 to 23.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanates, or they are preferably prepared by the process according to the invention.

[0080] Preferably, R in the general formula (II) represents any saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain, and / or a saturated or unsaturated cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain, and / or an araliphatic radical having 7 to 18 carbon atoms, which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain, and / or an aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, each of which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain.

[0081] Particularly preferably, the radical R in the general formula (II) represents an optionally substituted aliphatic or optionally substituted aromatic radical, particularly preferably an optionally substituted aromatic radical.

[0082] In a further preferred embodiment, the one or more P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate structures are of the general formula (III) in which R represents any saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, araliphatic radical having 7 to 18 carbon atoms and / or aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, each of which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain and Y+ represents an alkali cation or a protonated tertiary amine.

[0083] Preferably, R in the general formula (III) represents any saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain, and / or a saturated or unsaturated cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain, and / or an araliphatic radical having 7 to 18 carbon atoms, which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain, and / or an aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, each of which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain.

[0084] It is further preferred that the ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to the invention has a content of P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate structures (calculated as O 2 PCONH, molecular weight = 106 g / mol) of 0.10 to 33.1 wt. %, preferably of 0.17 to 19.8 wt. %, particularly preferably of 0.33 to 13.2 wt. %, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate mixture.

[0085] The invention further provides a polyisocyanate modified with monosubstituted phosphinic acids and / or their salts and an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture obtainable or prepared by the process according to the invention.

[0086] The polyisocyanates of the invention can be easily emulsified without the use of high shear forces simply by stirring into water. Depending on the amount of P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate groups incorporated, aqueous dispersions of the process products of the invention can have an average particle size over a very broad range, for example, from less than 100 nm to greater than 2000 nm. While the use of finely dispersible polyisocyanates as crosslinking components in aqueous coating systems leads to completely transparent, high-gloss coatings, coarsely dispersible crosslinkers generally produce completely matte or semi-matte coatings. The use of polyisocyanates of the invention with different degrees of modification thus allows the gloss of coatings to be adjusted in a simple manner.

[0087] The invention therefore also relates to the use of polyisocyanates modified with monosubstituted phosphinic acids and / or their salts as starting components in the production of polyurethane plastics, in particular as crosslinkers for water-soluble or water-dispersible paint binders or paint binder components with groups reactive towards isocyanate groups in the production of coatings using aqueous coating compositions based on such binders or binder components.

[0088] When used as a crosslinking component for aqueous two-component systems, any further non-hydrophilicized polyisocyanates, for example those of the type mentioned as suitable starting polyisocyanates A), can optionally be added to the polyisocyanates according to the invention containing P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate groups before emulsification into the aqueous phase, whereby polyisocyanate mixtures are obtained which likewise represent polyisocyanate mixtures according to the invention, since these generally consist of mixtures of (i) polyisocyanates hydrophilically modified according to the invention with P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate groups and (ii) unmodified polyisocyanates of the type mentioned as an example.

[0089] In such mixtures, the polyisocyanates according to the invention containing P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate groups assume the function of an emulsifier for the subsequently added portion of non-hydrophilic polyisocyanates.

[0090] The polyisocyanate mixtures according to the invention containing P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate groups are particularly preferably used as crosslinkers for water-dissolved or water-dispersed coating binders or coating binder components containing groups reactive toward isocyanate groups, in particular alcoholic hydroxyl groups, in the production of coatings using aqueous coating compositions based on such binders or binder components. The crosslinker, optionally in emulsified form, can be combined with the binders or binder components by simple stirring prior to processing the coating compositions by any method or using two-component spray guns.

[0091] In this context, examples of paint binders or paint binder components include: polyacrylates containing hydroxyl groups, dissolved or dispersed in water, particularly those in the molecular weight range of 1,000 to 20,000, which, when combined with organic polyisocyanates as crosslinkers, constitute valuable two-component binders; or water-dispersed, optionally urethane-modified, hydroxyl-containing polyester resins of the type known from polyester and alkyd resin chemistry. In principle, all binders dissolved or dispersed in water that contain isocyanate-reactive groups are suitable as reactants for the polyisocyanate mixtures according to the invention. These include, for example, water-dispersed polyurethanes or polyureas, which can be crosslinked with polyisocyanates due to the active hydrogen atoms present in the urethane or urea groups.

[0092] When used according to the invention as a crosslinking component for aqueous coating binders, the polyisocyanates modified with monosubstituted phosphinic acids and / or their salts are generally used in amounts corresponding to an equivalent ratio of NCO groups to groups reactive towards NCO groups, in particular alcoholic hydroxyl groups, of 0.5:1 to 2:1.

[0093] If necessary, the polyisocyanate mixtures according to the invention can also be added in minor amounts to non-functional aqueous coating binders to achieve very specific properties, for example as an additive to improve adhesion.

[0094] Of course, the polyisocyanate mixtures according to the invention can also be used in a form blocked with blocking agents known from polyurethane chemistry in combination with the above-mentioned aqueous coating binders or coating binder components in the form of aqueous one-component polyurethane baking systems. Suitable blocking agents include, for example, diethyl malonate, acetoacetic ester, acetone oxime, butanone oxime, ε-caprolactam, diisopropylamine, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 1,2,4-triazole, dimethyl-1,2,4-triazole, imidazole, or any mixtures of these blocking agents.

[0095] Any substrates can be considered as substrates for the aqueous coatings formulated with the aid of the polyisocyanate mixtures according to the invention containing P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate groups, such as metal, wood, glass, stone, ceramic materials, concrete, hard and flexible plastics, textiles, leather and paper, which can optionally also be provided with conventional primers before coating.

[0096] In general, the aqueous coating compositions formulated with the polyisocyanate mixtures according to the invention, to which the auxiliaries and additives customary in the coatings sector, such as leveling agents, color pigments, fillers, matting agents or emulsifiers, can optionally be incorporated, have good coating properties even when dried at room temperature.

[0097] Of course, they can also be dried under forced conditions at elevated temperatures or by baking at temperatures up to 260 °C.

[0098] The invention also relates to a two-component system comprising a component A) containing at least one polyisocyanate mixture according to the invention, and a component B) containing at least one paint binder or a paint binder component having groups reactive towards isocyanate groups.

[0099] Also a process for coating substrates or for producing coated articles, comprising applying and curing, optionally under the action of heat, at least one coating agent according to the invention or two-component system according to the invention.

[0100] The present invention further provides a substrate coated with a coating composition according to the invention, optionally cured under heat. Due to their excellent water emulsifiability, which enables homogeneous, particularly finely divided dispersion in aqueous coating binders, the use of the polyisocyanate mixtures according to the invention as crosslinker components for aqueous polyurethane coatings leads to coatings with excellent optical properties, in particular high surface gloss, leveling, and high transparency.

[0101] In addition to the preferred use as crosslinker components for aqueous 2K-PUR coatings, the polyisocyanate mixtures containing P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate groups according to the invention are outstandingly suitable as crosslinkers for aqueous dispersion adhesives, leather and textile coatings or textile printing pastes, as AOX-free paper auxiliaries or also as additives for mineral building materials, for example concrete or mortar compounds. Embodiments:

[0102] The present invention relates in particular to the following embodiments: According to a first embodiment, the invention relates to an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture containing one or more isocyanate groups and one or more P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate structures, where P-substituted means that the substituent on the phosphorus atom of the carbamoylphosphinate structure is other than hydrogen.

[0103] According to a second embodiment, the invention relates to an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to embodiment 1, characterized in that it additionally contains one or more isocyanurate, allophanate, urethane, urea, uretdione, iminooxadiazinedione, oxadiazinetrione and / or biuret structures.

[0104] According to a third embodiment, the invention relates to an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to embodiment 1 or 2, characterized in that it has an NCO content determined according to DIN EN ISO 11909:2007-05 of 5.8 to 25.9 wt.%, preferably 7.8 to 24.9 wt.%, particularly preferably 9.7 to 23.9 wt.%, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate mixture.

[0105] According to a fourth embodiment, the invention relates to an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that it has a residual monomer content measured according to DIN EN ISO 10283:2007-11 by gas chromatography with an internal standard of less than 0.14 wt.%, preferably less than 0.12 wt.% and particularly preferably less than 0.10 wt.%, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate mixture.

[0106] According to a fifth embodiment, the invention relates to an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate structure has one of the general formula (III) is in which R represents any saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, araliphatic radical having 7 to 18 carbon atoms and / or aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, each of which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain and Y+ represents an alkali cation or a protonated tertiary amine.

[0107] According to a sixth embodiment, the invention relates to an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate structure has one of the general formula (III) is in which R represents an optionally substituted aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably phenyl, and Y+ represents an alkali cation or a protonated tertiary amine, preferably a protonated tertiary amine, particularly preferably protonated triethylamine, N,N-dimethylbutylamine, N,N-diethylmethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylmorpholine or any mixture of the aforementioned protonated tertiary amines.

[0108] According to a seventh embodiment, the invention relates to an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that it has a content of P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate structures (calculated as O 2 PCONH, molecular weight = 106 g / mol) of 0.10 to 33.1 wt. %, preferably of 0.17 to 19.8 wt. %, particularly preferably of 0.33 to 13.2 wt. %, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate mixture.

[0109] According to an eighth embodiment, the invention relates to an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to one of the embodiments one to four, characterized in that the P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate structure has one of the general formula (III) is in which R is phenyl, and Y+ is an alkali cation or a protonated tertiary amine, preferably a protonated tertiary amine, particularly preferably protonated triethylamine, N,N-dimethylbutylamine, N,N-diethylmethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylmorpholine or any mixture of the aforementioned protonated tertiary amines and the ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture has a content of P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate structures (calculated as O 2 PCONH, molecular weight = 106 g / mol) of 0.22 to 18.6 wt.%, preferably 0.37 to 11.2 wt.%, particularly preferably 0.75 to 7.4 wt.%, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate mixture.

[0110] According to a ninth embodiment, the invention relates to a polyisocyanate modified with monosubstituted phosphinic acids and / or their salts.

[0111] According to a tenth embodiment, the invention relates to a process for preparing a modified polyisocyanate according to any one of the preceding embodiments, comprising a reaction of 1) at least one polyisocyanate A) with 2) at least one monosubstituted phosphinic acid B), wherein the phosphinic acid groups are at least partially neutralized before, during and / or after the reaction of A) with B), and 3) optionally with at least one non-ionically hydrophilic or hydrophobic organic compound C) which has at least one group reactive towards isocyanates, and 4) optionally in the presence of further auxiliaries and additives D).

[0112] According to an eleventh embodiment, the invention relates to a process according to embodiment 10, characterized in that the at least one polyisocyanate A) has aliphatically, cycloaliphatically, araliphatically and / or aromatically bound isocyanate groups.

[0113] According to a twelfth embodiment, the invention relates to a process according to embodiments 9 to 11, characterized in that the at least one polyisocyanate A) has a content of monomeric diisocyanates of less than 0.14% by weight, preferably less than 0.12% by weight, particularly preferably less than 0.10% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate mixture.

[0114] According to a thirteenth embodiment, the invention relates to a process according to one of embodiments 9 to 12, characterized in that the at least one polyisocyanate A) comprises one or more polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate structures based on 1,5-diisocyanatopentane, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, bis(isocyanatomethyl)norbornane and / or 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane.

[0115] According to a fourteenth embodiment, the invention relates to a process according to one of embodiments 9 to 13, characterized in that the at least one monosubstituted phosphinic acid B) is one of the general formula (I) in which R represents any saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, aliphatic radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, araliphatic radical having 7 to 18 carbon atoms and / or aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, each of which is substituted or unsubstituted and / or has heteroatoms in the chain, preferably in which R represents an optionally substituted aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.

[0116] According to a fifteenth embodiment, the invention relates to a process according to any one of embodiments 9 to 14, characterized in that the monosubstituted phosphinic acid B) is phenylphosphinic acid.

[0117] According to a sixteenth embodiment, the invention relates to a process according to one of embodiments 9 to 15, characterized in that the at least one monosubstituted phosphinic acid B) is used in an amount of 0.3 to 25.0 wt.%, preferably 0.5 to 15.0 wt.%, particularly preferably 1.0 to 10.0 wt.%, based on the total weight of the compounds A) and B).

[0118] According to a seventeenth embodiment, the invention relates to a process according to any one of embodiments 9 to 16, characterized in that the at least one monosubstituted phosphinic acid B) is neutralized with a tertiary amine at least partially before, during and / or after the reaction of A) with B).

[0119] According to an eighteenth embodiment, the invention relates to a process according to any one of embodiments 9 to 17, characterized in that the at least one monosubstituted phosphinic acid B) is neutralized at least partially before, during and / or after the reaction of A) with B) with triethylamine, N,N-dimethylbutylamine, N,N-diethylmethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylmorpholine or any mixture of the aforementioned tertiary amines.

[0120] According to a nineteenth embodiment, the invention relates to a process according to any one of embodiments 9 to 18, characterized in that the tertiary amine is used in an amount which corresponds to an equivalent ratio of neutralizing agent to phosphinic acid groups of component B) of 0.2 to 2.0, preferably of 0.5 to 1.5, particularly preferably 0.95 to 1.05.

[0121] According to a twentieth embodiment, the invention relates to a process according to one of embodiments 9 to 19, characterized in that the at least one non-ionically hydrophilic or hydrophobic organic compound C) comprises pure polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether alcohols which have on average 5 to 50, very particularly preferably 5 to 25 ethylene oxide units or aliphatic alcohols or fatty acid ester alcohols each having at least 8 carbon atoms.

[0122] According to a twenty-first embodiment, the invention relates to an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture obtainable or prepared by a process according to any of embodiments 9 to 20.

[0123] According to a twenty-second embodiment, the invention relates to a use of at least one ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to one of embodiments 1 to 8 and / or at least one ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to embodiment 21 as a starting component in the production of polyurethane and / or polyurea plastics.

[0124] According to a twenty-third embodiment, the invention relates to a coating composition comprising at least one ionically modified polyisocyanate, obtainable or prepared by a process according to any one of embodiments 9 to 20, and / or comprising at least one ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to any one of embodiments 1 to 8.

[0125] According to a twenty-fourth embodiment, the invention relates to a substrate at least partially coated with a coating agent according to embodiment 23, optionally cured under the action of heat.

[0126] According to a twenty-fifth embodiment, the invention relates to an article comprising a substrate according to embodiment 24 or an article at least partially coated with a coating agent according to embodiment 23. Examples

[0127] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages are based on weight.

[0128] The NCO content was determined titrimetrically according to DIN EN ISO 11909:2007-05.

[0129] All viscosity measurements were carried out using a Physica MCR 51 rheometer from Anton Paar Germany GmbH (DD) according to DIN EN ISO 3219:1994-10 at a shear rate of 250 s-1.

[0130] The residual monomer contents were measured according to DIN EN ISO 10283:2007-11 using gas chromatography with an internal standard.

[0131] The mean particle sizes (MSP) of 25% aqueous emulsions serve as a measure of the emulsifiability of the hydrophilic polyisocyanates. For this purpose, 25 g of the polyisocyanate mixture according to the invention were mixed with 75 g of deionized water, corresponding to a solids content of 25% by weight, in each case in an Erlenmeyer flask, and then stirred for 1 minute using a magnetic stirrer at 900 rpm. The mean particle sizes [nm] of the aqueous emulsions obtained in this way were then determined using a Zetasizer, type DTS 5100, from Malvern Instruments GmbH (DD). The smaller the mean particle size, the finer the distribution of a crosslinker in the aqueous phase (coating binder) and the clearer and brighter the resulting coating films. Output connections Polyisocyanates A) Starting polyisocyanate A1)

[0132] HDI polyisocyanate containing isocyanurate groups, prepared by catalytic trimerization of HDI based on Example 11 of EP-A 330 966, except that the reaction was stopped at an NCO content of the crude mixture of 40% by adding dibutyl phosphate. Unreacted HDI was then separated by thin-film distillation at a temperature of 130°C and a pressure of 0.2 mbar. NCO content: 21,7 % Monomeric HDI: 0,1 % Viscosity (23°C): 3080 mPas Color number (Hazen): 18 Starting polyisocyanate A2)

[0133] IPDI polyisocyanate containing isocyanurate groups, prepared by catalytic trimerization of IPDI according to Example 2 of EP-A-0 003 765. The reaction was deactivated at an NCO content of the crude mixture of 30.1% by adding an equimolar amount of dibutyl phosphate, based on the amount of catalyst used, and stirring for 30 minutes at 80°C. Unreacted IPDI was then separated by thin-film distillation at a temperature of 170°C and a pressure of 0.3 mbar, and the resulting solid resin was diluted with butyl acetate to a solids content of 70%. NCO content: 11,9 % Monomeric IPDI: 0,28 % Viscosity (23°C): 620 mPas Color number (Hazen): 14 Starting polyisocyanate A3)

[0134] PDI polyisocyanate containing isocyanurate groups, prepared by catalytic trimerization of PDI according to the process described in WO 2016 / 146579 for polyisocyanate component A2). The reaction was deactivated at an NCO content of the crude mixture of 36.7% by adding an equimolar amount of dibutyl phosphate, based on the amount of catalyst used, and stirring for 30 minutes at 80°C. Unreacted PDI was then removed by thin-film distillation at a temperature of 140°C and a pressure of 0.5 mbar. NCO content: 21,8 % monomeric PDI: 0,09 % Viscosity (23 °C): 9850 mPas Color number (Hazen): 34 Starting polyisocyanate A4)

[0135] HDI polyisocyanate containing isocyanurate groups, prepared by catalytic trimerization of HDI based on Example 11 of EP-A 330 966, except that 2-ethylhexanol was used as the catalyst solvent instead of 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, and the reaction was stopped at an NCO content of the crude mixture of 42.5% by adding dibutyl phosphate. Unreacted HDI was then removed by thin-film distillation at a temperature of 130°C and a pressure of 0.2 mbar.

[0136] The product had the following characteristics and composition: NCO content: 22,9 % monomeric HDI: 0,08 % Viscosity (23°C): 1210 mPas Color number (Hazen): 10 Starting polyisocyanate A5)

[0137] Polyisocyanate, prepared according to Comparative Example 2a of WO 2018 / 153801, by trimerization of HDI using a 20% solution of 5-azonia-spiro[4.5]decanium hydrogen difluoride in 2-ethylhexanol as catalyst, stopping the reaction at an NCO content of the crude mixture of 44.8% by adding an amount of a 70% solution of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in isopropanol equivalent to the amount of catalyst and subsequent separation of the unreacted HDI by thin-film distillation at a temperature of 130°C and a pressure of 0.2 mbar.

[0138] The product had the following characteristics and composition: NCO content: 23,5 % monomeric HDI: 0,11 % Viscosity (23°C): 720 mPas Color number (Hazen): 49 Phosphinic acids B)

[0139] Phenylphosphinic acid (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH, Munich, DE) n-Butylphosphinic acid, prepared by hydrolysis of n-butyldichlorophosphine according to the process of EP-A 0 080 149. Example 1 (according to the invention) Preparation of a phenylphosphinic acid / dimethylcyclohexylamine salt

[0140] 255.4 g (2.0 mol) of dimethylcyclohexylamine were initially charged at 23°C under dry nitrogen. 285.8 g (2.0 mol) of phenylphosphinic acid were added portionwise over a period of 20 minutes with stirring, during which time the temperature rose to approximately 50°C. After the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was stirred for a further 15 minutes without external heating or cooling and then filtered. A phenylphosphinic acid / dimethylcyclohexylamine salt (PPA / DMCA) was obtained as a clear, pale yellow ionic liquid with a viscosity (23°C) of 740 mPas. Preparation of an ionically hydrophilized HDI trimer

[0141] 20.0 g (0.074 mol) of the liquid phenylphosphinic acid / dimethylcyclohexylamine salt (PPA / DMCA) were added dropwise to 480.0 g (2.48 eq) of the isocyanurate-containing starting polyisocyanate A1) at 50°C under stirring and dry nitrogen over a period of 20 minutes. The temperature of the reaction mixture rose to 58°C due to the onset of exothermic reaction. After the addition was complete, stirring was continued for a further 15 minutes at 50°C. After cooling to room temperature, a polyisocyanate containing phosphinate groups with the following characteristics was obtained: NCO content: 20,2 % Viscosity (23 °C): 7500 mPas Color number (Hazen): 22 Emulsifiability (MTG): 154 nm Example 2 (according to the invention) Preparation of a phenylphosphinic acid / triethylamine salt

[0142] Following the procedure described in Example 1, 202.4 g (2.0 mol) of triethylamine were reacted with 285.8 g (2.0 mol) of phenylphosphinic acid. A phenylphosphinic acid / triethylamine salt was obtained in the form of a clear, pale yellow ionic liquid with a viscosity of 123 mPas. Preparation of an ionically hydrophilized HDI trimer

[0143] According to the process described in Example 1, 480.0 g (2.48 eq) of the starting polyisocyanate A1) containing isocyanurate groups were reacted with 20.0 g (0.082 mol) of the liquid phenylphosphinic acid / triethylamine salt described above. A polyisocyanate containing phosphinate groups with the following characteristics was obtained: NCO content: 20,1 % Viscosity (23 °C): 7860 mPas Color number (Hazen): 27 Emulsifiability (MTG): 163 nm Example 3 (according to the invention) Preparation of a phenylphosphinic acid / diisopropylethylamine salt

[0144] Following the procedure described in Example 1, 258.5 g (2.0 mol) of diisopropylethylamine were reacted with 285.8 g (2.0 mol) of phenylphosphinic acid. A phenylphosphinic acid / diisopropylethylamine salt was obtained in the form of a clear, pale yellow ionic liquid with a viscosity of 670 mPas. Preparation of an ionically hydrophilized HDI trimer

[0145] Following the procedure described in Example 1, 480.0 g (2.48 eq) of the isocyanurate-containing starting polyisocyanate A1) was reacted with 20.0 g (0.074 mol) of the above-described liquid phenylphosphinic acid / diisopropylethylamine salt. A phosphinate-containing polyisocyanate with the following characteristics was obtained: NCO content: 20,2 % Viscosity (23 °C): 8200 mPas Color number (Hazen): 20 Emulsifiability (MTG): 172 nm Example 4 (according to the invention) Preparation of an n-butylphosphinic acid / dimethylcyclohexylamine salt

[0146] Following the procedure described in Example 1, 255.4 g (2.0 mol) of dimethylcyclohexylamine were reacted with 244.2 g (2.0 mol) of n-butylphosphinic acid. An n-butylphosphinic acid / dimethylcyclohexylamine salt was obtained in the form of a clear, almost colorless ionic liquid with a viscosity of 65 mPas. Preparation of an ionically hydrophilized HDI trimer

[0147] According to the process described in Example 1, 480.0 g (2.48 eq) of the starting polyisocyanate A1) containing isocyanurate groups were reacted with 20.0 g (0.080 mol) of the liquid n-butylphosphinic acid / dimethylcyclohexylamine salt described above. A polyisocyanate containing phosphinate groups with the following characteristics was obtained: NCO content: 20,1 % Viscosity (23 °C): 9030 mPas Color number (Hazen): 20 Emulsifiability (MTG): 157 nm Example 5 (according to the invention)

[0148] 445.5 g (2.30 eq) of the polyisocyanate component A1) were initially charged at 100 °C under dry nitrogen with stirring. 50 g (0.10 eq) of a methoxypolyethylene oxide polyether alcohol with a molecular weight of 500 were added over a period of 30 minutes. Stirring was continued at this temperature until the NCO content of the mixture had fallen to 18.6%, corresponding to complete urethanization, after approximately 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 50 °C. Subsequently, 4.5 g (0.017 mol) of the liquid phenylphosphinic acid / dimethylcyclohexylamine salt (PPA / DMCA) were added dropwise over a period of 20 minutes at this temperature, with the temperature of the reaction mixture rising to 58 °C due to the onset of exothermic reaction. After the addition was complete, stirring was continued at 50 °C for a further 15 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, a non-ionic-ionically modified polyisocyanate containing phosphinate groups was obtained with the following characteristics: NCO content: 18,3 % Viscosity (23 °C): 3900 mPas Color number (Hazen): 24 Emulsifiability (MTG): 224 nm Examples 6 to 12 (according to the invention)

[0149] Following the process described in Example 1, various polyisocyanates A) were converted into polyisocyanates containing phosphinate groups using the phenylphosphinic acid salts described in Examples 1 to 3. Table 1 below shows the composition of the reaction mixtures in parts by weight as well as the characteristics of the resulting products. Table 1 Example 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Starting polyisocyanate A1) [parts by weight] 482,5 - - - - 192,0 490,0 Starting polyisocyanate A2) [parts by weight] - 411,7 - - - - - Starting polyisocyanate A3) [parts by weight] - - 432,0 - - - - Starting polyisocyanate A4) [parts by weight] - - - 482,5 - 288,0 - Starting polyisocyanate A5) [parts by weight] - - - - 482,5 - - PPA / DMAC [parts by weight] 17,5 12,0 18,0 17,5 17,5 20,0 10,0 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol [ppm] - - - - - - 50 Butyl acetate [parts by weight] - 76,3 - - - - - Propylene glycol diacetate [parts by weight] - - 50,0 - - - - NCO content: [%] 20,4 9,2 18,3 21,6 22,1 20,7 20,9 Viscosity (23°C): [mPas] 7200 262 4860 2260 1370 3800 5520 Solid content [%] 100 60 90 100 100 100 100 Color number (Hazen): 23 31 56 29 33 18 17 Emulsifiability (MTG): [nm] 232 458 198 297 254 176 402

[0150] Examples 1 to 12 show that polyisocyanates of different chemical structure can be reacted with salts of monosubstituted phosphinic acids even at low temperatures and within a short time, yielding ionically modified polyisocyanate mixtures containing P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate groups, which are characterized by high isocyanate contents and excellent dispersibility.

Claims

1. Ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture comprising one or more isocyanate groups and one or more P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate structures.

2. Polyisocyanate mixture according to Claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises one or more isocyanurate, allophanate, urethane, urea, uretdione, iminooxadiazinedione, oxadiazinetrione and / or biuret structures.

3. Polyisocyanate mixture according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has an NCO content, determined according to DIN EN ISO 11909:2007-05, of from 5.8% to 25.9% by weight, preferably from 7.8% to 24.9% by weight, more preferably from 9.7% to 23.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate mixture.

4. Polyisocyanate mixture according to any of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has a residual monomer content, measured by gas chromatography with internal standard according to DIN EN ISO 10283:2007-11, of less than 0.14% by weight, preferably less than 0.12% by weight and more preferably less than 0.10% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate mixture.

5. Polyisocyanate mixture according to any of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate structure is one of the general formula (III) in which R is any saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, araliphatic radical having 7 to 18 carbon atoms and / or aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, in each case substituted or unsubstituted and / or having heteroatoms in the chain, and Y+ is an alkali metal cation or a protonated tertiary amine.

6. Polyisocyanate mixture according to any of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has a content of P-substituted carbamoylphosphinate structures (calculated as O2PCONH, molecular weight = 106 g / mol) of from 0.10% to 33.1% by weight, preferably from 0.17% to 19.8% by weight, more preferably from 0.33% to 13.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the polyisocyanate mixture.

7. Method for preparing an ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture, comprising a reaction of 1) at least one polyisocyanate A) with 2) at least one monosubstituted phosphinic acid B), where at least a proportion of the phosphinic acid groups are neutralized before, during and / or after the reaction of A) with B), and 3) optionally with at least one nonionically hydrophilic or hydrophobic organic compound C) that has at least one isocyanate-reactive group, and 4) optionally in the presence of further auxiliaries and additives D).

8. Method according to Claim 7, characterized in that the at least one polyisocyanate A) has aliphatically, cycloaliphatically, araliphatically and / or aromatically attached isocyanate groups and / or preferably comprises one or more polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate structures based on 1,5-diisocyanatopentane, 1,6-diisocyanatohexane, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyananatomethylcyclohexane, 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene, bis(isocyanatomethyl)norbornane and / or 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexylmethane.

9. Method according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the at least one monosubstituted phosphinic acid B) is one of the general formula (I) in which R is any saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched aliphatic radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated cycloaliphatic radical having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, araliphatic radical having 7 to 18 carbon atoms and / or aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, in each case substituted or unsubstituted and / or having heteroatoms in the chain, preferably in which R is an optionally substituted aromatic radical having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and more preferably is phenyl.

10. Method according to any of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the at least one monosubstituted phosphinic acid B) is used in an amount of from 0.3% to 25.0% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 15.0% by weight, more preferably from 1.0% to 10.0% by weight, based on the total weight of compounds A) and B).

11. Method according to any of Claims 7 to 10, characterized in that at least a proportion of the at least one monosubstituted phosphinic acid B) is neutralized with a tertiary amine, preferably with triethylamine, N,N-dimethylbutylamine, N,N-diethylmethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N-methylpiperidine, N-ethylmorpholine or any mixture of said tertiary amines before, during and / or after the reaction of A) with B).

12. Method according to any of Claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the tertiary amine is used in an amount that corresponds to an equivalents ratio of neutralizing agent to phosphinic acid groups in component B) of from 0.2 to 2.0, preferably from 0.5 to 1.5, more preferably from 0.95 to 1.05.

13. Use of at least one ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to any of Claims 1 to 6 as starting component in the production of polyurethane plastics and / or polyurea plastics.

14. Coating composition comprising at least one ionically modified polyisocyanate obtainable or produced by a method according to any of Claims 7 to 12 and / or comprising at least one ionically modified polyisocyanate mixture according to any of Claims 1 to 6.

15. Substrate coated at least in part with an optionally heat-cured coating composition according to Claim 14.