FIRE PROTECTION INSULATION

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a fire-resistant insulation for use on a ship, comprising a metal wall, metal insulating pins attached to the metal wall and oriented essentially perpendicular to it, and insulating material placed onto the insulating pins so that the insulating material is held against the metal wall. The fire-resistant insulation is used in particular for insulating hull sides, decks, and bulkheads, with bulkhead insulation A60 and A120 being installed vertically and deck insulation A60 being installed horizontally in the ship.

[0002] Fire-resistant insulation is used on ships to limit the spatial and temporal impact of fires on board. This involves lining the ship's walls, including bulkheads, with fire-resistant insulation. This typically includes a type of fastening system and the insulating material held in place by the fastening. The insulating material has a low thermal conductivity and high heat resistance. This lining is used in areas critical to crew survival and / or the ship's technical integrity and stability. The insulating material serves to achieve the fire-resistant effect of the fire-resistant insulation. For example, engine rooms are lined with insulating material on the walls and bulkheads, including the ceiling. A fire in the engine room is then prevented from spreading, or at least its spread is significantly delayed, to other areas due to the fire-resistant insulation.

[0003] Especially for ships designed for military use, the mechanical resistance of fire-resistant insulation plays a crucial role alongside its fire protection properties. Only if the fire-resistant insulation exhibits sufficient resistance to shock can it be assumed that it will remain intact enough to meet predefined fire protection requirements, even after being hit, for example, by a torpedo. Compliance with fire protection requirements after a shock event is ensured through appropriate shock tests. In such tests, the fire-resistant insulation is subjected to strong acceleration in the x, y, or z direction. The ship defines the direction: the x-direction runs from stern to bow, the y-direction from starboard to port, and the z-direction from keel to deck.

[0004] German patent DE 10 2004 006 321 A1 presents a fire-resistant wall. The fire-resistant wall consists of two spaced-apart wall elements. Between the wall elements is an intermediate layer made of a non-metallic material. Furthermore, the spaces between the elements are filled with fire-resistant material. The aim of this arrangement is to provide a fire-resistant wall that is lighter and therefore more cost-effective.

[0005] CN 107 178 682 A describes a composite structure for radiant heat insulation of a high-temperature pipeline. The composite structure comprises an upper and a lower semicircular structure with a layer of insulating material and a closed air gap, as well as a nailing device to fix the shape. The semicircular structures encase the pipeline and are held together on the left and right sides of the pipeline by connecting structures. A fire-resistant insulation according to the prior art is also known from document CN110588886.

[0006] Based on this, the invention aims to create a fire protection insulation that offers both fire protection and high mechanical resistance.

[0007] The problem is solved by a fire protection insulation with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the fire protection insulation are specified in the dependent claims and in the following description.

[0008] The fire protection insulation according to the invention for use on a ship comprises A metal wall, which is a deck, a bulkhead or part of the outer hull of a ship, insulating needles made of metal which are attached to the metal wall and are oriented essentially perpendicular to the metal wall, plate-shaped insulating material which is placed on the insulating needles so that the insulating material is held against the metal wall, is characterized in that the insulating needles have a diameter of less than or equal to 3 mm and have a reinforcement in the area of ​​attachment to the metal wall and the reinforcement is a bushing pressed onto the insulating needle which is arranged at the lower end of the insulating needle.

[0009] In the fire protection insulation according to the invention, sheet-shaped insulating material is held to a metal wall. Insulating pins are used for this purpose. In the simplest case, the metal wall is a sheet (also referred to as "sheet"), which can be flat and / or curved. The metal wall can have stiffening profiles. Furthermore, the metal wall particularly represents a deck or a bulkhead. However, it can also be part of the outer hull, especially a bottom or hull wall. Insulating pins are elongated fasteners made of metal and attached to the metal wall in such a way that they extend substantially perpendicularly from the wall. "Substantially perpendicular" refers to orientations of the insulating pins that are perpendicular to the wall as well as orientations deviating from the vertical that allow the insulating material to be slipped onto the insulating pins.The insulation pins can be cylindrical with a circular cross-section, but are not limited to this shape. Triangular or other polygonal cross-sections can also be used. The insulation pins serve to secure the insulation material. The insulation material is simply pushed onto the pins. This insulation material typically consists of fibrous or foamed material with a relatively low density. Examples include stone, glass, or ceramic fibers. Often, the insulation material is not dimensionally stable. However, it is fire-resistant and has low thermal conductivity. It thus protects the insulated spaces from the effects of fire. Because the insulation material is pushed onto the pins, it is held in a relatively consistent position relative to the wall, even when the ship is underway.It is important to note that the insulating needles should preferably have a length that corresponds to the thickness of the insulation material, so that the appearance of the wall is not disturbed and the risk of injury from protruding insulating needles is reduced. The fire protection insulation according to the invention features insulating needles with a diameter of 3 mm or less, and which have reinforcement in the area where they are attached to the metal wall. Choosing a maximum diameter of 3 mm results in a relatively small cross-section for the insulating needles compared to the surface area of ​​the insulation material. This minimizes heat conduction through the insulating needles in the event of a fire. Furthermore, this relatively small cross-section saves material compared to larger cross-sections, resulting in cost and weight advantages.In this context, it should be noted that the diameter of the insulating needles represents the equivalent diameter of the cross-section of the insulating needles. The equivalent diameter is derived from the area of ​​the cross-section using the relationship between the square of the radius, the number Pi, and the area of ​​a circle. For circular cross-sections, the diameter corresponds to the diameter of the cross-section. The reinforcement in the fastening area ensures high mechanical resistance. Investigations by the applicant have shown that the reinforcement in the fastening area significantly increases shock resistance without requiring an increase in the needle diameter. The reinforcement is preferably dimensioned and positioned such that, under typical shock conditions, such as those occurring during periods of high or low pressure, it provides sufficient resistance to the impact of the needles.This can be simulated through a standardized test, which ensures that the mechanical forces acting on the insulating needles are absorbed without causing them to fail. As explained in more detail below, a bushing can be used as reinforcement, which is pressed onto the lower part of the insulating needle. However, other manufacturing processes besides joining additional components can also be used. For example, additional material can be welded on using a primary forming process, the needle can be compressed in the area of ​​attachment using a forming process, the insulating needles can be milled or turned to the desired diameter from a larger blank using a cutting process, so that the original excess material of the blank is only present in the area of ​​reinforcement, a high-strength metal layer can be applied using a coating process, and / or a process for modifying the material properties can be used.A section of the insulation needle may be hardened. It should therefore be noted that reinforcement can occur in a variety of ways.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the invention, the distance between each insulation needle and the next is equal to or less than 150 mm. According to another embodiment, the distance between an insulation needle and the ends or joints of the insulation material is equal to or less than 50 mm. This relatively small distance between the insulation needles ensures that, even in the event of high mechanical stress on the fire protection insulation, e.g., from a shock caused by a torpedo hit, the insulation material remains adhered to the wall. Furthermore, the spacing of the insulation needles is essentially chosen to limit the heat conducted through them in the event of a fire.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the invention, the insulating needles are cylindrical. The use of cylindrical insulating needles with a circular cross-section has the advantage that the raw material can be obtained as inexpensive bar stock, e.g., wire. Furthermore, bar stock is easier to process. The reinforcement is a weldable bushing pressed onto the insulating needle, which is located at the lower end of the insulating needle. Such a bushing can be purchased as an accessory, e.g., as a tube that is cut to the appropriate bushing length. For example, by heating the bushing and cooling the insulating needles, in combination with a suitably chosen fit, it is possible to ensure a secure hold of the bushing on the insulating needle without the need for additional joining materials. The bushing is attached to the lower end of the insulating needle, i.e., near where the insulating needles are fastened to the metal wall.In this area of ​​the clamping point, here the welding with the ship's hull or deck, particularly high loads act on the insulating needles in the event of a mechanical load on the fire protection insulation due to the inertia of the insulating material.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the invention, the bushing has a maximum height of 15 mm. The bushing's dimensions are preferably determined based on the load present, for example, as determined by a shock test. A maximum height of 15 mm ensures, in particular, that the mechanical load can be absorbed without failure and that the thermal conductivity of the insulating needles is maintained as desired. Limiting the bushing's height also results in cost and machining savings.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the invention, the bushing has a maximum diameter of 7.5 mm. Similar to the above, limiting the diameter and the associated reduction in wall thickness results in weight and cost savings without negatively affecting thermal conductivity or mechanical resistance properties.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the invention, the insulating pins have a sleeve at the point of attachment to the wall, which has a larger diameter than the reinforcement. Such a sleeve is generally thin and disc-shaped. It can be attached to the insulating pin or to the bushing. Furthermore, the sleeve can be a flange or collar formed integrally with the bushing, for example, by crimping. The sleeve ensures that the insulating pin has a larger bearing area on the metal wall, which is particularly helpful in facilitating joining processes such as welding. In addition, such a sleeve can also serve, for example, as an end stop for a bushing used for reinforcement, thus simplifying assembly.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the invention, the insulating needles are arranged in a square grid. This square grid arrangement ensures that the forces transmitted to the insulating needles during mechanical stress on the fire protection insulation are distributed evenly across all the insulating needles. This also allows, among other things, for a design that complies with safety guidelines prior to installation.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the invention, the insulating needles are attached to the metal wall by spot welding and / or resistance welding. Spot welding and resistance welding are common welding processes. They allow the insulating needles to be joined to the metal wall, which ensures particularly high mechanical stability. Both spot and resistance welding are easy to perform, which also offers advantages for certification.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the invention, metal clips are clamped onto the insulating pins, thus fixing the insulating material to the metal wall. The use of metal clips ensures that the positioning of the insulating material on the metal wall, and any other intermediate layers on the side of the insulating material facing away from the metal wall, is maintained even under mechanical stress that acts at least partially perpendicular to the metal wall. The metal clips are preferably designed as plates with a substantially central bore. The plates are slid onto the insulating pins through this bore. A clamping action holds the clips in place on the insulating pins. The use of multiple metal clips offers the particular advantage of being able to withstand higher mechanical forces.In comparison to larger and / or stronger dimensioned metal clips, it is still possible to use inexpensive metal clips in terms of handling and purchasing, while ensuring a functionality that would otherwise be provided by larger and / or stronger dimensioned metal clips.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the invention, three metal clips are clamped onto the insulating pin. The use of three metal clips is preferred because appropriate insulation material dimensions and properties were selected during the design of the fire protection insulation. The use of fewer or more metal clips is also possible in other embodiments. Furthermore, identical metal clips can be used, thus simplifying procurement and installation.

[0019] According to one design, the use of insulation material with a density of approximately 50 kg / m³ or 56 kg / m³ across the surface and approximately 56 kg / m³ or 76 kg / m³ at stiffening profiles is preferred at the bulkhead. On the deck, an insulation material density of approximately 56 kg / m³ across the surface and approximately 76 kg / m³ at stiffening profiles is preferred. Due to this limitation of the insulation material's density, lower forces act on the insulation pins, particularly under mechanical stress, compared to insulation with higher densities. Nevertheless, the insulation material possesses sufficient density to fulfill the necessary insulation properties. In the event of a fire, it can be ensured that the fire protection insulation performs its function for a sufficient duration and that the ship is protected from further consequential damage.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the invention, the insulation material consists of several layers. When the insulation material consists of several layers, even complex geometries of the metal wall – e.g., T-profiles – can still be adequately protected with sufficient insulation material. Furthermore, even in such a case, it is possible to use standardized formats of the insulation material. Moreover, to meet the required fire protection duration, the use of multiple layers eliminates the need to use insulation material with increased density, which could lead to mechanical overload of the insulating needles after a shock load occurs.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the invention, the insulation material consists of two layers. The use of two layers allows for the accommodation of a wide variety of geometries encountered in the design and construction of a ship, where the required fire protection properties must be maintained. For many designs, two layers offer a good compromise between fire protection properties, the usable density of the insulation material, and handling during production.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the invention, the insulating material consists of a single layer. Using only one layer offers particular advantages during installation and handling. Sufficient fire protection can still be achieved by selecting an appropriate thickness of insulating material.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the invention, the insulation material on bulkheads has a thickness of approximately 100 mm or 60 mm across its surface and approximately 70 mm or 20 mm at stiffening profiles. According to another embodiment, the insulation material on deck has a thickness of approximately 50 mm across its surface and approximately 20 mm at stiffening profiles. The selection of these insulation thicknesses is capable of meeting typical requirements for the duration of fire protection warranties, as stipulated by shipyards during ship construction. By selecting different insulation thicknesses for different areas of the ship, the fire protection requirements for the respective areas are satisfied. Choosing a thicker insulation material serves, in particular, to extend the duration of fire protection, for example, with A120 fire-resistant insulation compared to A60 fire-resistant insulation on bulkheads.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the invention, at least one woven mat is arranged on the insulation material. One or more woven mats can be used to further enhance the fire protection insulation. A woven mat can serve to absorb additional forces in the event of shock or other mechanical stress. It also serves to prevent chemical exposure, for example, from acids, oil, or corrosive water vapor. For primary protection of the metal wall, a woven mat can be installed between the metal wall and the insulation material. For primary protection of the insulation material, a woven mat can be arranged on the side of the insulation material facing away from the metal wall.

[0025] According to one embodiment of the invention, a woven mat is arranged on the side of the insulation material facing away from the metal wall. Using a woven mat on the side of the insulation material facing away from the metal wall offers particular advantages during the installation and fastening of the insulation material. The woven mat helps to ensure the positioning of the insulation material, even when subjected to mechanical stresses on the fire protection insulation. Among other things, the woven mat is capable of withstanding high tensile forces. Furthermore, the woven mat covers the insulation material. This also has a positive effect on the fire protection properties, because, for example, it can be made of a material more resistant to external influences than the insulation material. In addition, the woven mat can be provided with various colors and coatings, which, for example, contribute to ensuring an attractive aesthetic on board.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the invention, the fabric mat is arranged between the metal clips located closest to the metal wall and the insulation material. By arranging the fabric mat between the metal clips closest to the wall and the insulation material, it is ensured that the fabric mat is held to the insulation material by the metal clips. In the event of mechanical stress from shock, a large portion of the acting forces can thus be transferred from the insulation material to the fabric mat, and from there to the metal clips, and from there to the insulating pins.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the invention, the woven mat is coated with aluminum foil. The woven mat can be provided with aluminum foil to further enhance its diverse properties. The aluminum foil is particularly resistant to corrosion. At the same time, it offers high resistance to external influences. Furthermore, it helps to protect the insulation material against moisture penetration. In addition, the aluminum foil can serve as a vapor barrier. Moreover, the aluminum coating can be applied using conventional manufacturing processes, thus enabling easy application and ensuring cost-effective production.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the invention, the aluminum foil is arranged on the side facing away from or towards the metal wall. The positioning of the aluminum foil relative to the metal wall is determined according to the specifications applied during the ship's construction. Positioning the aluminum foil on the side facing away from the metal wall ensures that the aluminum foil is visible from the outside. Positioning the aluminum foil on the side facing the metal wall is particularly advantageous for protecting the insulation material from the penetration of liquid. Furthermore, in this position, the aluminum foil protects the fabric and the insulation material from heat radiation or other radiation.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the invention, the woven mat consists of glass fabric. The use of glass fabric allows the woven mat to withstand high forces, in particular, because it is very resistant. At the same time, the use of glass fabric also allows for weight savings compared to other materials.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the invention, the fabric mat is painted on the side facing away from the metal wall. Painting the side of the fabric mat visible in a room ensures that the aesthetics on board meet the required specifications. However, a variety of functional coatings are also possible, which, for example, serve to achieve favorable non-stick properties, reduce susceptibility to corrosion, or improve fire protection.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the invention, one or more cover caps are placed on the metal clips. These cover caps can be used to conceal the ends of the insulating needles, which protrude from the fire-resistant insulation and are therefore visible and accessible. This particularly improves the aesthetics. Furthermore, covering the ends of the insulating needles minimizes the risk of injury.

[0032] According to one embodiment of the invention, the insulating material is laid over stiffening profiles that extend essentially perpendicularly from the metal wall. Walls of a ship's hull or bulkheads can have stiffening profiles to improve their mechanical properties. If such walls or bulkheads nevertheless require fire protection insulation, the fire protection insulation can be laid over the stiffening profiles. When laying the fire protection insulation, particular care must be taken to ensure that only very small air pockets form in the area of ​​the joints and transitions between the stiffening profile and the metal wall.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the invention, the metal wall has at least one stiffening profile to which, as to the rest of the metal wall, insulating material is held by means of insulating pins in order to insulate the stiffening profile. If very large stiffening profiles are required to reinforce the ship's hull, these must also be provided with fire-resistant insulation. In such a case, the components of the fire-resistant insulation according to the invention are applied to the reinforcing profile, as described above for the metal wall.

[0034] According to one embodiment of the invention, joints of the insulation material are sealed with glass fiber tape. At transitions or the ends of wall sections, joints in the fire protection insulation may be visible. Such joints, where the insulation material is particularly visible, can be sealed using glass fiber tape. This allows for maintaining a specification-compliant aesthetic appearance. In particular, sealing the joints also prevents the insulation material from being displaced from its position on the wall due to mechanical forces.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the invention, the seams of the fabric mat are bonded with glass cloth tape. Even when using a fabric mat, it may sometimes be necessary to cover the seams with glass cloth tape. As explained above, this has particularly advantageous effects on the aesthetics and mechanical resistance of the fire protection insulation.

[0036] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the Marine Equipment Directive (MED) 2014 / 90 / EU is applied to test the fire protection properties of the fire-resistant insulation. Furthermore, the fire-resistant insulation is designed to meet the requirements of MED 2018 / 773, item No. MED / 3.11a, SOLAS 74 as amended, Regulation II-2 / 3.2 & II-2 / 9, IMO 2010 FTP Code, IMO MSC / Circ.1120 and IMO MSC.1 / Circ.1434 and / or (EU) 2019 / 1397, item No. MED / 3.11a. The fire protection insulation complies with SOLAS 74 as amended, Regulation II-2 / 3.2 & II-2 / 9, IMO 2010 FTP Code, IMO MSC / Circ.1120 and IMO MSC.1 / Circ.1434, IMO MSC.1 / Circ.1435. By fulfilling these requirements, the fire protection insulation is suitable for meeting the requirements specified by shipyards in a tender process.

[0037] The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings of exemplary embodiments. The drawings show: Fig. 1: An insulation needle in a side view; Fig. 2: A fire protection insulation in a side sectional view; Fig. 3: A fire protection insulation in a top view with a square grid of insulation needles; Fig. 4: A fire protection insulation with a stiffening profile in a side sectional view; Fig. 5: A fire protection insulation in a side sectional view where the stiffening profile is the metal wall; Fig. 6: A fire protection insulation in a side sectional view with two layers of insulation material where the stiffening profile is the metal wall.

[0038] Figure 1Figure 1 shows a side view of an insulating needle 1. The insulating needle 1 has a cylindrical shape and a circular cross-section. It is made of metal and can be manufactured, for example, by cutting standard bar stock to length. The insulating needle 1 has a reinforcement 12 on one end. In this embodiment, the reinforcement 12 is designed as a bushing 2. The bushing is a hollow cylinder which is pressed onto the cylindrical insulating needle 1 at its lower end. For this purpose, the bushing 2 is heated during manufacturing and the insulating needle 1 is cooled. The bushing 2 can then be slid onto the insulating needle 1, and the two components are subsequently joined together.

[0039] Bushing 2 is shorter than insulating needle 1. Bushing 2 serves to increase the mechanical resistance of insulating needle 1. The wall thickness of bushing 2 is therefore dimensioned according to the forces acting upon it. By using such a bushing 2, it is possible to reinforce insulating needle 1 at particularly stressed points. This means that the entire insulating needle 1 does not need to have a correspondingly large diameter to withstand the maximum load. This saves material and therefore costs and weight.

[0040] The insulating needle 1 also has a sleeve 3 at the end where the bushing 2 is attached. The insulating needle 1 is placed against a metal wall (not shown) on the side of the sleeve 3 and subsequently welded to the metal wall during the production of fire protection insulation. The sleeve 3 facilitates the welding process. It is manufactured, for example, by crimping the bushing 2.

[0041] Figure 2Figure 1 shows a metal wall 4 to which a layer of insulation material 5 is attached. A fabric mat 5 is attached to the insulation material 5. Compared to the metal wall 4 and the fabric mat 6, the insulation material 5 is thicker. The fabric mat 6 is attached to the insulation material 5, and the insulation material 5 is attached to the wall by a metal clip 7. The metal clip 7 is clamped onto an insulating pin 1, so that if the fire-resistant insulation 100 is subjected to mechanical stress due to shock, a force is transferred from the insulation material 5 to the fabric mat 6, then to the metal clip 7 and the insulating pin 1, and thus also to the metal wall 4. The insulating pins 1 are resistance-welded to the metal wall 4, so that forces generated by the insulation wool 5 after a shock load are transferred to the metal wall 4.The insulating needles 1 are designed such that they are not much longer than the combined thickness of the fabric mat 6 and the insulating material 5. Furthermore, the insulating needles 1 are oriented essentially perpendicular to the metal wall 4. It can be seen that the insulating needles 1 have reinforcements 12. As already shown in the embodiment of the insulating needle 1 in . Figure 1 When implemented, the reinforcement 12 is suitable to allow larger forces to act on the insulating needle 1 without causing the insulating needle 1 to fail.

[0042] Shock can occur if a ship equipped with fire-resistant insulation 100 is struck, for example, by a torpedo. The illustration shows that two metal clips 8 are used on an insulation needle. This increases the clamping force of the metal clips 8. Several insulation needles 1 are also used to distribute the transmitted forces and prevent overloading. The insulation material 5 is made of insulating wool with a density of 56 kg / m³. The forces acting on the insulation needles 1 due to the inertia of the insulation material during a shock load are reduced by the low density of the insulation material 5. In such a case, the fabric mat 6 also absorbs some of the forces, thus preventing tearing or detachment from the metal wall of the insulation material 5.

[0043] Figure 3 shows the arrangement Figure 2From a top view, the insulating pins 1, the metal clips 7, and the fabric mat 6 are visible. It can be seen that the insulating pins are arranged in a square grid. During manufacturing, care must be taken to ensure that the insulating pins are spaced at a distance of 150 mm or less.

[0044] Figure 4Figure 1 shows the fire protection insulation 100 in a cross-sectional view from the side. The metal wall 4 has a stiffening profile 8. The stiffening profile 8 interrupts the layer of insulation material 5. The stiffening profile 8 is covered with a second layer of insulation material 9. This also insulates the stiffening profile 8. The second layer of insulation material 9 has a higher density and a lower thickness than the first layer of insulation material 5. A fabric mat 10 is arranged over the second layer of insulation material 9. The fabric mat 10 has an aluminum foil 11 on its outer side, facing away from the metal wall 4. The aluminum foil serves as a vapor barrier and prevents moisture from penetrating the insulation material 5, 9. Cover caps 12 are slid over the ends of the insulation pins 1 to minimize the risk of injury and to create an aesthetically pleasing appearance.The joints between the fabric mat 11 and the two insulating materials 5, 9 are covered with a glass cloth bandage 13. This prevents slippage and ensures the ingress of moisture or other contaminants.

[0045] Figure 5 Figure 1 shows an arrangement in which a stiffening profile 14 is also insulated. In this case, the plate-shaped insulating materials 15 and the insulating needles are arranged differently on the metal walls 4, 14. Plates of the insulating material 15 lie flat on both the metal wall 14, which forms a stiffening profile, and on the remaining metal wall 5. In this way, the insulating material 15 can have a greater thickness than in the arrangement shown in Figure 1. Figure 5 The arrangement shown ensures that the fire protection insulation 100 meets fire protection requirements for a longer period. At the same time, it is not necessary to use insulation material 15 with increased density.

[0046] In the event of a shock load, the density could lead to mechanical overload of the insulating needles 1. Care must be taken to ensure that the joints of the insulating material 15 are connected to each other by insulating needles 1, as shown.

[0047] Figure 6 represents a similar arrangement as in Figure 6 To allow for even greater thicknesses of the sheet-like insulation material 16 without increasing its density, two layers of sheet-like insulation material 16 are used on the stiffening profile 14. This construction ensures that even at the thinnest points of the insulation material, the necessary minimum requirements are met, e.g., 70 mm on the outer surfaces of the crossbeam of the T-beam used as a stiffening profile. Reference symbol list

[0048] 1 Insulation needle 2 Socket 3 Cuff 4 Metal wall 5 Insulation material 6 Fabric mat 7 Metal clip 8 Stiffening profile 9 Second layer of insulation material 10 Fabric mat with aluminum foil 11 Aluminum foil 12 Cover cap 13 Glass cloth bandage 14 Stiffening profile with fire protection insulation 15 Panel-shaped insulation material 16 Two-layer, panel-shaped insulation material 100 Fire protection insulation

Claims

1. Fire insulation for use on a ship, comprising • a metal wall (4) which is a deck, a bulkhead or a part of the outer shell of a ship, • insulation pins (1) consisting of metal, which are fastened on the metal wall (4) and are substantially aligned vertically to the metal wall, • plate-shaped insulation material (5) which is placed on the insulation pins (1) so that the insulation material is held on the metal wall, characterized in that • the insulation pins (1) have a diameter of less than or equal to 3 mm, • the insulation pins (1) have reinforcement in the region of the fastening to the metal wall (4), • wherein the reinforcement is a bushing (2) compressed with the insulation pin (1), which is arranged at the lower end of the insulation pin (1).

2. The fire insulation according to Claim 1, in which the distance of one insulation pin (1) in each case from the next insulation pin is equal to or less than 150 mm.

3. The fire insulation according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the distance of one insulation pin (1) from the ends or joints of the insulation material (5) is equal to or less than 50 mm.

4. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the insulation pins (1) are cylindrical.

5. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 4, in which the bushing (2) has a maximum height of 15 mm.

6. The fire insulation according to Claim 4 or 5, in which the bushing (2) has a maximum diameter of 7.5 mm.

7. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the insulation pins (1) have a sleeve (3) at the fastening point to the wall (4), which has a larger diameter than the reinforcement.

8. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 7, in which the insulation pins (1) are arranged in a square grid.

9. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 8, in which the insulation pins (1) are fastened to the metal wall (4) by spot-welding and / or resistance welding.

10. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 9, in which one or more metal clips (7) are clamped onto the insulation pins (1) so that the insulation material (5) is fixed on the metal wall.

11. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 10, in which one or more cover caps (12) are placed on the top metal clip (7).

12. The fire insulation according to Claim 10 or 11, in which three metal clips (7) are clamped onto the insulation pin (1).

13. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 12, in which the density of the insulation material (5) is less than or equal to 76 kg / m3.

14. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 13, in which the density of the insulation material (5) is less than or equal to 56 kg / m3.

15. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 14, in which the insulation material (5, 9) consists of multiple layers.

16. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 15, in which the insulation material (5, 9) consists of two layers.

17. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 16, in which the insulation material (5) consists of one layer.

18. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 17, in which the insulation material (5) has a thickness of less than or equal to 100 mm.

19. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 18, in which at least one fabric mat is arranged on the insulation material (5).

20. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 19, in which a fabric mat (10) is arranged on the insulation material (5) on the side facing away from the metal wall (4).

21. The fire insulation according to Claim 20, in which the fabric mat (10) is arranged between the metal clips (7) closest to the metal wall (4) and the insulation material (5).

22. The fire insulation according to Claim 20 or 21, in which the fabric mat (10) is coated with aluminum foil.

23. The fire insulation according to Claim 22, in which the aluminum foil is arranged on the side facing away from or facing the metal wall (4).

24. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 20 to 24, in which the fabric mat consists of glass cloth.

25. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 19 to 24, in which the fabric mat (10) is painted on the side facing away from the metal wall (4).

26. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 25, in which the insulation material (5) and the fabric cloth are placed over stiffening profiles (14) which extend substantially vertically from the metal wall (4).

27. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 26, in which the metal wall has at least one stiffening profile (14), on which, like on the rest of the metal wall (4), insulation material (5) is held by means of insulation pins (1) in order to insulate the stiffening profile (14).

28. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 1 to 27, in which joints of the insulation material (5) are glued with glass cloth constructions (13).

29. The fire insulation according to one of Claims 19 to 28, in which joints of the fabric mat (10) are glued with glass cloth constructions (13).