METHOD FOR OPERATING AND / OR REFRIGERATING A COMPRESSED GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for operating and / or refueling a compressed gas supply system with at least two compressed gas tanks connected to an anode path of a fuel cell system. The invention further relates to a control unit for a vehicle. State of the art

[0002] German patent application DE 10 2020 206 230 A1 discloses a method for the initial conditioning of a fuel cell of a fuel cell unit for a fuel cell vehicle, wherein the fuel cell can be controlled by means of a control unit of the fuel cell unit, and wherein the fuel cell is at least partially or completely initially conditioned with the help of the control unit.German patent application DE 10 2020 212 077 A1 discloses a method for operating a fuel cell system in which hydrogen is extracted from a hydrogen storage tank and supplied to an anode of a fuel cell stack via an anode path, and in which the mass flow rate of the hydrogen is determined by a hydrogen metering valve arranged in the anode path, wherein the pressure is variably adjusted independently of the mass flow rate by means of a controllable pressure reducer arranged upstream of the hydrogen metering valve in the anode path, wherein the pressure is adjusted depending on at least one current condition, in particular depending on the ambient temperature, the time of the last refueling process, the fill level in the hydrogen storage tank, the calibrated pressure after the pressure reducer, the pressure in the anode, the pressure in a cathode and / or the delivered hydrogen mass flow rate.A similar method for operating a fuel cell system is known from German patent application DE 10 2020 210 300 A1, wherein the hydrogen taken from the pressure gas container is thermally conditioned using a heat exchanger arranged in the anode path.

[0003] DE 10 2019 211422 A1 discloses a tank system for storing and supplying fuel to a consumer, comprising: several tank cylinders, each with a shut-off valve for closing or opening the respective tank cylinder; at least one safety valve for controlled discharge of fuel in an emergency from at least one of the several tank cylinders; a sensor network for monitoring the several tank cylinders; a primary control unit for controlling the shut-off valves; and a secondary control unit for controlling the at least one safety valve and / or the shut-off valves, wherein the secondary control unit is configured to control the sensor network.

[0004] From DE 10 2017 213526 A1 a method is known for operating and / or refueling a compressed gas supply system with at least two compressed gas tanks which are connected to an anode path of a fuel cell system.

[0005] US Patent 2010 / 320224 A1 discloses a system and method for safely draining hydraulic fluid from a pressurized gas cylinder.

[0006] In DE 10 2016 218691 A1 a method for releasing a pressure relief of a pressure vessel of a vehicle by means of a pressure relief device is disclosed. Disclosure of the invention

[0007] The object of the invention is to simplify or improve the operation and / or refueling of a compressed gas supply system with at least two compressed gas tanks connected to an anode path of a fuel cell system.

[0008] The problem, in a method for operating and / or refueling a compressed gas supply system with at least two compressed gas tanks connected to an anode path of a fuel cell system, is solved by individually controlling valve devices assigned to the pressure tanks. These valve devices comprise a filling path with an actively switchable filling valve and a relief path with an actively switchable relief valve for each compressed gas tank. The control unit is connected to a sensor device that includes at least one sensor measuring the current temperature in the respective valve device. This method is used, for example, in fuel cell systems that include hydrogen-based fuel cells, in which hydrogen is converted into electrical energy using oxygen.The electrical energy thus provided is used for propulsion in a mobile application, for example, in the electric motor of a vehicle. However, the claimed method can also be applied in internal combustion engine systems where hydrogen is used for combustion. With the actively switchable valves, each of the compressed gas tanks can be individually filled and emptied. This offers enormous advantages, firstly, when refueling the compressed gas tanks in the compressed gas supply system at a suitable filling station, such as a hydrogen filling station. Secondly, the compressed gas contained in the compressed gas tanks, especially hydrogen, can be transported between the individual compressed gas tanks as needed, both during operation of the compressed gas supply system and when a vehicle equipped with the compressed gas supply system is stationary. This saves time during refueling.Furthermore, individual compressed gas tanks can be filled with more compressed gas than in conventional compressed gas supply systems. Additionally, individual compressed gas tanks can be operated below a minimum limit pressure if required, because they can be quickly and easily disconnected from and reconnected to the compressed gas supply system for a certain period of time by closing the actively switchable valves. The sensor system, which advantageously includes several sensors, not only measures the temperature in the valve devices assigned to each individual compressed gas tank. This sensor system also advantageously measures other fluidic operating data in the respective valve device, such as the pressure at a branch in the valve device and / or the mass flow rate through the respective valve device during filling or emptying of the compressed gas tank.The control unit is equipped with a suitable software product to process the signals from the sensors of the sensor device and to individually control the switching valves, i.e. the actively switchable filling valve and the actively switchable relief valve.

[0009] A preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that the control unit is equipped with a data set product containing fluidic reference data and / or limit data. This data is used to control the valve devices based on the current temperatures detected in the valve devices during refueling and / or operation of the compressed gas supply system, such that the compressed gas tank temperatures, also detected, are kept below a first limit temperature. The fluidic reference data and / or limit data comprise at least one limit temperature, preferably several different limit temperatures, a temperature characteristic curve, and / or a temperature map. The compressed gas tank temperatures are detected in all compressed gas tanks using suitable sensors.Temperature monitoring in the valve devices allows for the advantageous measurement of hydrogen temperature in the respective filling and discharge paths. This, combined with the also-measured compressed gas tank temperatures, enables highly effective temperature control during both refueling and operation of the compressed gas supply system.

[0010] Another preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that the control unit is equipped with a data set product containing fluidic reference data and / or limit data. This data is used to control the valve devices based on the current temperatures detected in the valve devices during a refueling process and / or during operation of the compressed gas supply system. This control limits the rise in an individual compressed gas tank temperature in one of the compressed gas tanks by controlling the respective valve device as soon as a second limit temperature is reached in that tank. The term "derating" can also be used to describe limiting the individual compressed gas tank temperature by controlling the respective valve device. Derating means, among other things, reducing, controlling down, or regulating.By using the two limit temperatures, the temperature control or temperature regulation during operation and also during refueling of the compressed gas supply system can be further increased.

[0011] Another preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that the filling path of a compressed gas tank, whose detected compressed gas tank temperature is below the first limit value, is opened via the filling valve in the respective valve device in order to meet a predetermined safety requirement. The safety requirement includes, for example, reaching a legally prescribed safety value during the operation of the compressed gas supply system. Once the prescribed safety value has been reached, the filling path of the compressed gas tank is closed again.

[0012] Another preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that at least one relief path of a compressed gas tank is opened via the relief valve in the respective valve device in order to selectively dissipate heat introduced into the respective compressed gas tank from the outside. This further increases safety during operation and / or refueling of the compressed gas supply system. As soon as a sufficient amount of heat has been dissipated, the relief path of the respective compressed gas tank is closed again.

[0013] Another preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that the filling paths and / or the discharge paths of the valve devices are selectively controlled via the control unit in order to regulate the compressed gas tank temperatures over time. A correspondingly optimized withdrawal strategy from the individual compressed gas tanks enables a simple and desired limitation of the temperature in the compressed gas tanks. In this way, predefined safety requirements can be easily met.

[0014] Another preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that the compressed gas tanks are cascaded and filled via a check valve in the filling path of the associated valve device after the filling valve has been actuated, if the compressed gas tanks have different internal tank pressures during filling. Advantageously, the filling of the affected compressed gas tank only takes place when the internal tank pressure in that tank is exceeded during filling. This effectively increases the efficiency of the filling process.

[0015] Another preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that compressed gas tanks with different storage volumes are not filled simultaneously via their respective filling paths, but rather sequentially. Filling paths for compressed gas tanks with a larger storage volume are enabled by the control unit before filling paths for compressed gas tanks with a smaller storage volume. For example, with two compressed gas tanks of different sizes, the larger tank is filled first. With several larger compressed gas tanks, they are advantageously filled in a cascaded manner before the smaller tanks are filled. If, during a filling process, the temperature of one compressed gas tank exceeds a certain limit, the filling process for that tank can simply be interrupted, while the filling of other tanks continues.

[0016] Another preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that compressed gas is selectively shifted between the compressed gas tanks via the associated valve devices to achieve internal balancing within the compressed gas supply system. Here, too, control is advantageously achieved via the control unit. Shifting the compressed gas between the compressed gas tanks enables an intelligent operating and / or refueling strategy via the control unit, for example, using artificial intelligence. Before a critical temperature is reached, the filling process of a particular compressed gas tank can, for example, be selectively slowed down.

[0017] The invention relates to a compressed gas supply system with at least two compressed gas tanks connected to an anode path of a fuel cell system, each compressed gas tank being assigned a valve device with a filling path in which an actively switchable filling valve is arranged, and with a relief path in which an actively switchable relief valve is arranged. The higher manufacturing costs resulting from the required paths and actively switchable valves in the valve devices are deliberately accepted.

[0018] A preferred embodiment of the compressed gas supply system is characterized in that the filling path and the discharge path in the valve assembly are fluidically connected in parallel between the interior of each compressed gas tank and a branch point. This allows each compressed gas tank to be individually filled via the filling path using the actively switchable filling valve. Each compressed gas tank can be individually discharged via the discharge path using the switchable discharge valve. Thus, the compressed gas supply system can be operated more efficiently than conventional compressed gas supply systems, both during filling and in operation under extreme environmental conditions, particularly ambient temperatures.

[0019] Another preferred embodiment of the compressed gas supply system is characterized in that the filling valve is arranged in the filling path between the branch and a check valve that blocks in the direction of the filling valve, and a check valve is arranged in the relief path between the relief valve and the branch, which blocks in the direction of the relief valve. This prevents malfunctions in the operation of the compressed gas supply system.

[0020] Another preferred embodiment of the compressed gas supply system is characterized in that the valve assembly, including the filling path, filling valve, relief path, relief valve, and branch, is integrated into a valve block attached to the respective compressed gas tank. In addition to the aforementioned components, the valve block includes further components, some of which are legally required, such as check valves, filters, sensors, and, particularly advantageously, a pressure limiter. The valve block is preferably attached to one end of the respective compressed gas tank. For manufacturing reasons, the valve block is preferably manufactured independently of the compressed gas tank. The valve block is, for example, screwed into an opening of the compressed gas tank. A simple sealing ring, such as an O-ring, can be used to seal between the valve block and the compressed gas tank.The integration of the actively switchable valves into the valve block makes it easy to combine the valve device with conventional pressurized gas tanks.

[0021] Another preferred embodiment of the compressed gas supply system is characterized in that the filling valve and the relief valve are designed as electromagnetically actuated 2 / 2-way valves. The 2 / 2-way valves comprise a closed position and an open position in which the respective path is enabled. Both valves are preferably biased into their respective closed positions, in which fluid flow through the respective path is interrupted. The valves can be opened by electromagnetic actuation. This increases the operational safety of the compressed gas supply system.

[0022] Another preferred embodiment of the compressed gas supply system is characterized in that the filling valve and the relief valve are connected to a control unit, which is connected to a sensor device comprising at least one sensor that detects fluidic operating data, such as pressure, temperature, and / or mass flow rate at the branch point. This enables simple and convenient control of the temperature, pressure, and / or fill level in the respective compressed gas tank. Advantageously, the control unit stores a data set containing corresponding reference data and / or limit data for the pressure, temperature, and / or mass flow rate.

[0023] In a method for operating a previously described compressed gas supply system, the above-mentioned task is solved alternatively or additionally by individually controlling the filling valve and the relief valve via the control unit, depending on the fluidic operating data acquired by the sensor device. This allows the individual compressed gas tanks to be filled and emptied as needed. This offers advantages both when filling the compressed gas tanks of the compressed gas supply system and in the operation of the compressed gas supply system itself.

[0024] A preferred embodiment of the method is characterized in that the filling valve and the relief valve are individually controlled by the control unit so that the compressed gas tanks are filled and / or emptied unevenly. This is particularly advantageous when the compressed gas supply system contains compressed gas tanks of different sizes and / or compressed gas tanks that, when installed, are exposed to different environmental conditions, especially ambient temperatures. This can be due, for example, to the fact that individual compressed gas tanks are located further out in or on the vehicle, which can cause these tanks to heat up more quickly in strong sunlight than tanks located further inside the vehicle.

[0025] The invention further relates to a control unit configured to execute a previously described method. The electronic device allows the valves of the individual compressed gas tanks to be controlled independently. This enables convenient control of the fill level, temperature, and / or pressure in the individual compressed gas tanks of the compressed gas supply system.

[0026] Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description, in which various embodiments are described in detail with reference to the drawing. Brief description of the drawing

[0027] They show: Figure 1a schematic representation of a compressed gas supply system with a total of five compressed gas tanks which are filled at a hydrogen filling station, each of the compressed gas tanks being equipped with a valve device comprising a filling path with an actively switchable filling valve and a discharge path with an actively switchable discharge valve; and Figure 2 one of the valve devices made of Figure 1 in the form of a fluid circuit diagram. Description of the exemplary implementations

[0028] In Figure 1 A hydrogen filling station 40 is schematically indicated. An arrow 38 indicates that a motor vehicle (not shown in detail) with a fuel cell system 1 is being refueled with hydrogen at the hydrogen filling station 40.

[0029] The fuel cell system 1 comprises an unspecified fuel cell stack with fuel cells, each containing an anode, to which hydrogen is supplied via an anode path 2. The structure and function of such fuel cell systems are known.

[0030] The anode path 2 contains a check valve 3, a filter 4, a pressure sensor 5, a temperature sensor 6, a temperature sensor 8, another pressure sensor 9, another filter 10, a pressure reducer 11, another filter 12, and a check valve 13. A fluidic branch 7 is provided between the temperature sensor 6 and the temperature sensor 8. A manifold 14 opens into the anode path 2 at the fluidic branch 7.

[0031] A total of five pressurized gas tanks 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 of a pressurized gas supply system 34 are fluidically connected to the manifold 14. Pressurized gas tanks 15 to 19 are of varying sizes. Pressurized gas tanks 15 to 17 are approximately the same size, but larger than the two pressurized gas tanks 18 and 19, which are also the same size.

[0032] The pressurized gas tanks 15 to 19 are attached to their in Figure 1 left ends each equipped with a valve device 21 to 25. At their in Figure 1 At their right ends, the pressurized gas tanks 15 to 19 are each equipped with a valve assembly 26 to 30. The pressurized gas tanks 15 to 19 are connected to a manifold 20 via these valve assemblies 26 to 30. The manifold 20 serves, for example, to manually empty the pressurized gas tanks 15 to 19. In this case, the valve assemblies 26 to 30 function as tank drain valves.

[0033] The valve devices 21 to 25 are all identical in design and are referred to below with reference to Figure 2 based on the valve device 21 at the left end of the pressurized gas tank 15 in Figure 1 described in detail. The valve device 21 is connected to the manifold 14 via a connecting line or link line 31. Thus, in Figure 2 A tank interior space of the pressurized gas tank 15, designated 64, can be connected to the collecting line 14 and the anode path 2 via the valve device 21.

[0034] The valve device 21 is integrated into a valve block 50, which, as in Figure 2 It is indicated that it is in Figure 2 The upper end of the pressurized gas tank 15, which is designed as a gas cylinder, for example, is attached.

[0035] In Figure 2The hydrogen refueling station 40 with the refueling path 38, symbolically indicated by an arrow, is shown schematically above. The hydrogen refueling station 40 can be connected to a control unit 43 via an infrared interface 41 and a control line 42. The control unit 43 is located in the fuel cell vehicle, which is connected to the Figure 1 The fuel cell system 1 shown is equipped with the compressed gas supply system 34 and the fuel cell system 1.

[0036] Hydrogen filling station 40 is in Figure 2 As indicated above. In Figure 2 Below is a Figure 2 The upper end of the pressurized gas tank 15, designed as a gas cylinder, is indicated. An interior compartment 64 of the pressurized gas tank 15 is connected to a discharge path 61, a filling path 65, and a relief path 70. The three paths 61, 65, and 70 extend through the valve block 50.

[0037] In Figure 2At connection point 52 above, the connecting line 31 is connected to the valve block 50. A connecting line 51 extends from connection point 52 to a fluidic branch 53 in the valve block 50. The connecting line 51 is preferably designed as a connecting channel in the valve block 50. For the sake of simplicity, all fluidic connections are referred to as lines in the following. However, in the valve block 50, all lines are preferably designed as bores.

[0038] An optional hydraulic resistance 56 in the form of a throttle is provided in the connecting line 51. A filter 57 is arranged between the hydraulic resistance 56 and the branch 53. The drain path 61 extends from the branch 53 and leads into the tank interior 64. Two valves 62 and 63 are connected in series in the drain path 61. Valve 62 is a manual drain valve. The pressurized gas tank 15 can be manually emptied via valve 62 if necessary, for example, when decommissioning at the end of its service life.

[0039] Valve 63 is a thermally activated pressure relief valve. The interior of the tank 64 can be relieved of pressure via valve 63. A manually operated closing valve 58 is arranged between branch 53 and branch 54. The manually operated closing valve 58 serves to securely close the pressurized gas tank 15, for example, during repairs.

[0040] A sensor line 59 extends from branch 54, through which a sensor device 60 records operating data, such as pressure, temperature and / or fluid mass flow, during operation of the pressure supply system at branch 54 in the valve block 50. The connecting line 51, which extends from branch 52, terminates in a branch 55, from which the filling path 65 originates and at which the discharge path 70 terminates.

[0041] In the filling path 65, a filling valve 66 and a check valve 67 are connected in series. The check valve 67 opens towards the tank interior 64 and closes towards the filling valve 66. The filling path 65 runs from the branch 55 parallel to the relief path 70.

[0042] In the relief path 70, a check valve 71, a relief valve 72, a filter 73, and a flow restrictor 74 are connected in series. The check valve 71 blocks flow towards the relief valve 72 and opens towards the branch 55. The flow restrictor 74 serves to limit leakage in the event of an unwanted pipe rupture.

[0043] The filling valve 66 and the relief valve 72 are designed as 2 / 2-way valves with an open position and a closed position. Both valves 66 and 72 are electromagnetically actuated and are connected to the control unit 43. As indicated by spring symbols, both valves 66 and 72 are biased into their respective closed positions. The sensor device 60 is also connected to the control unit 43, either via sensor or control. Figure 2 Control lines, signal lines or sensor lines are indicated by dashed lines 76.

[0044] The control unit 43 is equipped with software that processes the signals from the sensors acquired during the operation of the compressed gas supply system 34 by the sensor unit 60. The sensors of the sensor unit 60 acquire, for example, the temperature, pressure, mass flow rate, flow direction, and, if applicable, other measured variables at the branch 54 in the valve block 50.

[0045] The control unit 43 individually controls the compressed gas tanks 15 to 19 to fill and / or empty them unevenly. For this purpose, the filling valve 66 and the relief valve 72 are actively controlled by the control unit 43. In this way, individual compressed gas tanks 15 to 19 can be emptied below a permissible operating system limit pressure, while at least one of the compressed gas tanks 15 to 19 remains pressurized at least to the permissible operating system limit pressure. Thus, a defined quantity of compressed gas, in particular hydrogen, can be stored in the compressed gas tank emptied below the permissible operating system limit pressure, which can then be used to condition the fuel cell system 1 during system startup.

[0046] The active release of the filling path 65 by means of the control unit 43 via the filling valve 66 enables the operation of the compressed gas supply system 34 with the fuel cell system 1 even at different internal tank pressures. The switching valves 66 and 72 are individually controlled depending on the operating mode of a vehicle equipped with the fuel cell system 1 and the compressed gas supply system 34, for example, driving, parking, refueling.

[0047] By selectively regulating or controlling the pressures and / or temperatures of the individual compressed gas tanks 15 to 19 over time, a pressure reduction below the system-related limit pressure is advantageously achieved. This reduction can be particularly beneficial during system start-up, when the system is pre-filled from a low-pressure compressed gas tank, i.e., flooded with hydrogen or conditioned for hydrogen operation. This conditioning can be carried out down to a very low residual pressure. This increases the system's operating range.

[0048] The claimed method enables targeted, time-based regulation or control of compressed gas tank temperatures by means of an optimized withdrawal strategy from the individual compressed gas tanks. This allows the compressed gas tank temperature to be limited in each tank to increase operational reliability. The actively switchable valves allow for timely derating in response to any increase in compressed gas tank temperature.

[0049] In the event that the pressurized gas tanks have different pressures during refueling, the check valve 67 in the filling path 65 automatically ensures cascaded refueling after the filling valve 66 has been switched. The affected pressurized gas tank is only filled when the current pressure in that tank is exceeded during refueling.

Claims

1. Method for operating and / or refuelling a pressurized-gas supply system (34) with at least two pressurized-gas tanks (15, 16, 17, 18, 19) which are connected to an internal combustion engine or to an anode path (2) of a fuel cell system (1), characterized in that valve devices (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) which are assigned to the pressure tanks (15, 16, 17, 18, 19) and comprise, for each of the pressurized-gas tanks (15, 16, 17, 18, 19), a filling path (65) with an actively switchable filling valve (66) and a relief path (70) with an actively switchable relief valve (72) are individually controlled via a control device (43) which is sensorially connected to a sensor device (60) and comprises at least one sensor which detects a current temperature in the respective valve device (21, 22, 23, 24, 25).

2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the control device (43) is equipped with a data set product which contains fluid reference data and / or limit data, with the aid of which the valve devices (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) are actuated, depending on the detected current temperatures in the valve devices (21, 22, 23, 24, 25), during a refuelling process and / or during operation of the pressurized-gas supply system (34) such that similarly detected pressurized-gas tank temperatures in the pressurized-gas tanks (15,16,17,18,19) are kept below a first limit temperature.

3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the control device (43) is equipped with a data set product which contains fluid reference data and / or limit data, with the aid of which the valve devices (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) are actuated, depending on the detected current temperatures in the valve devices (21, 22, 23, 24, 25), during a refuelling process and / or during operation of the pressurized-gas supply system (34) such that an increase in an individual pressurized-gas tank temperature in one of the pressurized-gas tanks (15,16, 17, 18, 19) is limited by means of the actuation of the respective valve device (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) as soon as a second limit temperature is reached in the affected pressurized-gas tank (15, 16, 17, 18, 19).

4. Method according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the filling path (65) of a pressurized-gas tank (15, 16, 171, 181, 19), the detected pressurized-gas tank temperature of which is below the first limit value, is released via the filling valve (66) in the respective valve device (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) in order to meet a specified safety requirement.

5. Method according to any of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that at least one relief path (70) of a pressurized-gas tank (15, 16, 17, 18, 19) is released via the relief valve (72) in the respective valve device (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) in order to dissipate heat, which has been introduced into the respective pressurized-gas tank (15, 16, 17 ,18, 19) from the outside, in a targeted manner from the pressurized-gas tank (15, 16, 17, 18, 19).

6. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the filling paths (65) and / or the relief paths (70) of the valve devices (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) are actuated via the control device (43) in a targeted manner in order to regulate the pressurized-gas tank temperatures in the pressurized-gas tanks (15, 16, 17, 18, 19) over time.

7. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressurized-gas tanks (15, 16, 17, 18, 19) are refuelled in a cascaded manner via a check valve (67) in the filling path (65) of the assigned valve device (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) after actuation of the filling valve (66) if the pressurized-gas tanks (15, 16, 17, 18, 19) have different tank internal pressures during refuelling.

8. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that pressurized-gas tanks (15, 16, 17, 18, 19) with different storage volumes are not refuelled simultaneously via the respectively assigned filling paths (65) but rather at different times, wherein filling paths (65) of pressurized-gas tanks (26, 27, 28) with a relatively large storage volume are released via the control device (43) before filling paths (65) of pressurized-gas tanks (29, 30) with a relatively small storage volume.

9. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that pressurized gas is shifted in a targeted manner between the pressurized-gas tanks (15, 16, 17, 18, 19) via the assigned valve devices (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) in order to carry out internal equalization in the pressurized-gas supply system (34).

10. Control device (43) for a vehicle, which is designed to carry out a method according to any of the preceding claims.