RECYCLED TEXTILE MATERIAL

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The invention relates, in general, to the field of insulating, structural and aesthetic materials intended for architecture, design or even construction and / or manufacturing such as sub-assemblies of buildings or furniture.

[0002] The invention relates more specifically to a recycled textile material having insulating and structural properties and also making it possible to obtain a satisfactory aesthetic effect. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART

[0003] Various synthetic insulators are known in the prior art, such as vacuum insulators in the form of an ultra-thin insulating panel composed of a silica nano-powder for interior insulation, polystyrene insulators (EPS expanded polystyrene, XPS extruded polystyrene, PUR polyurethane, PIR polyisocyanurate, Phenolics), or so-called "thin" insulators (PMR, IMR, multi-layer thin insulators, thin films, thermo-reflective insulators, thin thermo-reflective insulators, radiant barriers, etc.). However, such synthetic insulators are not good for the environment. Their life cycle has a heavy carbon impact on the planet.

[0004] To address environmental constraints, bio-sourced insulation has been developed, based for example on plant wool (straw, cork, wood, cellulose wadding, etc.), animal wool (sheep wool, duck feathers, etc.), or mineral wool (glass wool or recycled glass, rock wool or cellular glass). Although better for the environment, these insulations are produced naturally and their resources may run out. It is therefore necessary to continually find new ones.

[0005] Materials are also known from the prior art which, in addition to insulating properties, have structural properties, particularly when used for construction. These materials are, for example, single-wall clay bricks, single-wall blocks made of pumice stone or expanded clay balls, cellular concrete made of natural materials (sand, lime, gypsum, cement, aluminum powder, etc.), bi-material blocks made of cellular concrete and sand-lime, or insulating formwork (lost formwork blocks made of polystyrene into which concrete is poured).

[0006] The construction industry is generally highly polluting and energy-intensive. It is therefore necessary to find new, environmentally friendly, non-polluting materials. Furthermore, we live in a society of overconsumption, where waste is piling up more and more. It is therefore preferable to find solutions to recycle this waste.

[0007] One aim of creating a material based on recycled material(s) is to provide a new outlet for recycling this waste. Another aim of the present invention is also to provide a new bio-sourced and non-polluting manufacturing or construction material. Finally, another aim is to offer a new resource, particularly in terms of sound and / or thermal insulation.

[0008] The current market does not offer any material solution made from recycled textiles that combines these three applications: structure, insulation and aesthetics.

[0009] Document FR1011675A discloses a product comprising a fibrous component and a matrix component, in excess before drying, which may comprise animal glue, casein or other binders.

[0010] Document WO20110001105A1 discloses a composite product based on natural fibers and natural binder forming a matrix, the resin representing a maximum of 50% by weight of the composite.

[0011] FR3030538A1 discloses a product partially made from recycled textile fibers bound by resin.

[0012] CN101189380A discloses a brick-forming material based on recycled polymer fibers bound by a matrix that can represent up to 60% of the total mass.

[0013] The document "FAIRE 2017-2019" (https: / / www.apur.org / en / file / 55059 / download? token=fhEqbCRW) shows on page 6 a product made from recycled textiles assembled with an ecological glue.

[0014] DE3641466 discloses an insulating material made from recovered textile fibers impregnated with plant-based glue. STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The invention aims to remedy all or part of the drawbacks of the state of the art by proposing in particular a material making it possible to provide a new outlet for the recycling of textile waste, but also to provide a new bio-sourced, non-polluting manufacturing and / or construction material offering a new resource in terms of insulation.

[0016] To this end, according to a first aspect of the invention, a product is proposed to be transformed with a view to manufacturing a material intended in particular for construction, the product being defined by claim 1.

[0017] A "glue" is understood to mean a product of liquid, gelatinous or pasty consistency used to bind parts together by contact. Such a glue of animal and / or vegetable origin offers a good alternative bio-sourced binder compared to current solutions allowing both the textile of the reinforcement component to be impregnated and, once the product has been transformed, to ensure the cohesion of the assembly and the transfer of forces. Such a binder is therefore particularly advantageous in combination with a textile-based reinforcement component.

[0018] The term "textile" refers to any material that can be woven or knitted, namely a material that can be divided into fibers or threads, regardless of its form. Textile waste appears to be undervalued and is also a major resource, since the average French person, for example, throws away 12 kg of clothing per year. Such a matrix component therefore offers an advantageous solution for recycling this textile waste.

[0019] According to the invention, the matrix component represents at least 55%, preferably at least 60%, and at most 80%, preferably at most 75% of the mass of the product. These are proportions where the matrix is ​​said to be wet given that these proportions relate to the product before its transformation into a material intended in particular to form a construction element.

[0020] According to the invention, the glue is of animal origin based on casein. The casein forms a binder for the glue.

[0021] According to the invention, the matrix component comprises a predetermined quantity of lime, preferably slaked lime, the predetermined quantity of lime preferably corresponding to approximately one quarter of the mass of casein. Lime makes it possible in particular to make the glue, in particular the casein-based glue, insoluble. This predetermined quantity is calculated from the quantity of casein in its "natural" state. It is understood that if casein is used in another state, for example in a dehydrated state, the lime value should be calculated on the basis of the rehydrated casein, after having, for example, mixed with the dehydrated casein a quantity of water equivalent to approximately three times the mass of dehydrated casein.

[0022] According to one embodiment, the matrix component comprises a predetermined quantity of an antioxidant suitable for the glue of animal and / or vegetable origin, such as borax, for example in the case of a casein-based glue. Advantageously, the antioxidant represents at least 0.1%, preferably at least 0.5% and at most 5%, preferably at most 1.5% of the total mass of said matrix component. The borax here acts as an antioxidant and makes it possible to prevent the appearance of mold likely to develop once the material is obtained from this product.

[0023] According to one embodiment, the textile reinforcing component comprises pieces of textile and / or fibers and / or a textile-based powder, preferably arranged homogeneously in the composition intended to form the matrix. Preferably, the pieces of textile, the fibers and / or the textile powder are obtained from woven and / or knitted textile. The homogeneity of the concentration of the reinforcing component in the product ensures homogeneity of the composite structure of the material obtained. Preferably the pieces of textile and / or the fibers and / or the textile-based powder are arranged in all directions. A homogeneous concentration in the matrix component and an arrangement in all directions of the reinforcing component allows an isotropic material to be obtained.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the pieces of textile all have a surface area of ​​between 1mm2 and 225cm2, preferably between 1mm2 and 100cm2. In fact, the pieces are chosen so as to be large enough to provide increased strength but small enough to be able to be placed in a mold to allow the manufacture of the material and so that the finish of the material obtained is better.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the pieces of textile are obtained solely from the grinding of clothing, i.e. the clothing or fabrics do not undergo any other preparation steps other than grinding. For example, the buttons or closures are kept with the textile.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the powder is formed from grains having a characteristic dimension of less than 2 mm. By "characteristic dimension" is meant the maximum distance separating two points on its surface delimiting its volume. In the case of a perfect grain having the shape of a sphere, this characteristic dimension corresponds to its diameter.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the textile is composed of natural fibers, preferably cotton, linen, wool, and / or hemp. Cotton is particularly advantageous for obtaining a material with good insulating characteristics.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the textile is recycled textile, i.e. from a first life cycle of a product and the use of the textile in the reinforcement component gives it at least a second life cycle.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the textile is composed of frayed fibers, that is to say unraveled thread by thread. What remains is a material returned in substance to its natural state in the same way as cotton.

[0030] According to another aspect of the invention, it relates to a method of manufacturing a material intended in particular for construction, according to claim 7.

[0031] In a particular technical configuration, the compression undergone by the product is greater than or equal to 15 tonnes, preferably greater than or equal to approximately 20 tonnes. Greater compression makes it possible to limit the compression time.

[0032] Preferably, for the drying step, during a first drying phase, the prepared product is placed on a preferably flat support configured so that said prepared product does not adhere to the support. In a second drying phase, the prepared product obtained is left to dry on a perforated support such as a rack, to allow better cold and homogeneous drying, by natural ventilation. Of course, other drying methods may be implemented to improve production. For example, ovens or heating molds may be used, but these technical solutions are energy-intensive, the electricity consumption being indeed significant to implement such processes.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the step of preparing the matrix component comprises one or more of the steps of: mixing casein with lime in a predetermined amount; adding borax to the mixture of casein and lime, preferably pre-dissolved in water; and then topping up with a liquid such as water to dilute the mixture.

[0034] According to another aspect of the invention, it relates to a material intended in particular to form a construction element, according to claim 9. Here, the dry product is understood to be the product having undergone the drying step to form the material. Such proportions are particularly advantageous given that they make it possible to obtain a material in which the textile-based reinforcement predominantly composes the material, said textile-based reinforcement also being able to be subsequently recycled. Such a material is therefore an alternative to textile recycling and its recycling is also facilitated.

[0035] The material may be obtained from the product as described above. The material contains the same constituent elements, even if the proportions vary after processing, such as the proportion of the glue which is of animal origin and casein-based, containing at least lime.

[0036] According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a construction element such as a brick, intended to be used in a built or furniture subassembly such as a wall or a partition, characterized in that it is in a single piece or block and comprises a material as described above. Preferably, the construction element is made of said material.

[0037] According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a built or furniture subassembly such as a wall or a partition, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of construction elements as described above, in one piece and fixed to each other.

[0038] In a particular configuration, these construction elements are fixed to each other by means of an adhesive. This adhesive is preferably also an animal and / or vegetable origin adhesive, for example the same adhesive as that used as a binder to form the matrix of the construction elements, possibly with a lower proportion of water so as to make the adhesive more viscous or less diluted. Alternatively or additionally, other fixing means may be used such as removable fixing means such as screws, or even by shape cooperation, depending on the geometry of the construction elements.

[0039] According to another aspect, the invention also relates to a device for implementing the manufacturing method as described above, the device being remarkable in that it comprises a chassis comprising a platform for placing at least one mold thereon, a compression mechanism arranged on one side of the platform, and a stripping mechanism arranged on another side of the platform, opposite the compression mechanism, the device being configured so as to be compressed between the compression mechanisms and the stripping mechanism, the stripping mechanism being further configured to eject the product after its compression.

[0040] According to one embodiment, the compression mechanism is arranged vertically above the platform and the stripping mechanism is arranged vertically below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0041] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from reading the description which follows, with reference to the appended figures, which illustrate: [ Fig. 1 ]: a diagram of a construction element made of a material according to an embodiment; [ Fig. 2A ]: a perspective diagram from above of a construction element according to another embodiment; [ Fig. 2B ]: a perspective diagram from below of a construction element according to the method of realization of the Figure 2A ; [ Fig. 3 ]: a perspective view of a device for manufacturing a construction element according to one embodiment; [ Fig. 4 ]: a front view of the manufacturing device of the figure 3 ; [ Fig. 5 ]: a side view of the manufacturing device of the figure 3 ; [ Fig. 6 ]: a sectional view AA of the manufacturing device of the figure 3 ; [ Fig. 7]: a partially exploded perspective view of a subassembly built according to one embodiment; [ Fig. 8 ]: a partially exploded perspective view of a subassembly built according to another embodiment; [ Fig. 9 ]: a partially exploded perspective view of a subassembly built according to another embodiment; [ Fig. 10 ]: a partially exploded perspective view of a subassembly built according to another embodiment; [ Fig. 11 ]: a partially exploded perspective view of a subassembly built according to another embodiment; [ Fig. 12 ]: a partially exploded perspective view of a furniture subassembly according to one embodiment, the furniture subassembly being an armchair; [ Fig. 13 ]: a partially exploded perspective view of a furniture subassembly according to another embodiment, the furniture subassembly being a coffee table; [ Fig. 14]: a partially exploded perspective view of a furniture subassembly according to another embodiment, the furniture subassembly being a stool; [ Fig. 15 ]: a partially exploded perspective view of a furniture subassembly according to another embodiment, the furniture subassembly being a bench.

[0042] For clarity, identical or similar elements are identified by identical reference signs throughout the figures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT

[0043] In reference to the figure 1 , a construction element is illustrated 10 according to the invention having the shape of a parallelepiped brick. This construction element 10 is made of a material 1 comprising a composite structure comprising, on the one hand, a reinforcement 2 textile-based and, on the other hand, a matrix 3based on glue of animal and / or vegetable origin. Generally speaking, the matrix 3 has a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product.

[0044] The material 1 is manufactured from the product described below which gives it its essential characteristics after transformation by a suitable manufacturing process. The construction element 10 forming the brick is here made of said material 1 and is obtained by successively implementing several steps, one of the first steps of which is to prepare a product, i.e. the starting product, which is intended to be transformed with a view to manufacturing the material 1,which comprises, on the one hand, a reinforcing component, intended to form a reinforcement 2, based on textile and, on the other hand, a matrix component, intended to form a matrix 3, comprising a glue of animal and / or vegetable origin.

[0045] The building element shown on the figure 1 is in particular that a brick 10, intended for use in a subassembly 100 building or furniture such as a wall or partition in combination with other bricks 10 of the same nature. These bricks are made of said material and are in one piece so that the manufacture of the material and the construction element is here concomitant.

[0046] First of all, concerning the textile reinforcement component intended to form the reinforcement 2,It can take the form of pieces of textile, fibers and / or a textile-based powder. The use of pieces is preferred to obtain a material with better structural strength. In this case, the pieces of textile all have a surface area between 1mm2 and 225cm2, preferably between 1mm2 and 100cm2. In fact, the pieces are chosen so as to be large enough to give increased strength to the material but small enough to be able to be placed in a mold 210 to enable the manufacturing of the material 1 and that the finish of said material 1 obtained is better. The use of powder is however preferred for applications favoring aesthetics and where the structural problem is not important. In this case, the powder is formed of grains having a characteristic dimension, i.e. a diameter in the case of grains of perfectly spherical shape, less than 2 mm.

[0047] Such pieces of textiles forming reinforcement 2 are obtained by grinding used clothing so as to recycle it, and preferably only by this grinding. In the case of pieces of fabric, the fact of only grinding the material, and not simply shredding it, saves time and technique. Shredding requires a large factory with a machine with a large surface area, using a plurality of different grinding systems one after the other, in order to go from the garment to the increasingly finer shred until fraying. Simple grinding makes it possible to reduce the size of the production line and allows the textile to be ground in one step.

[0048] Always with a view to respecting environmental constraints, the textile is composed of natural fibers such as cotton, linen, wool, and / or hemp. A majority cotton content can be chosen for these insulating characteristics. Of course, the matrix component can include textiles of several types, for example mixing cotton, linen, and wool. The matrix component can also include non-natural fibers such as polyester or viscose fibers. The invention offers a recycling alternative to such materials.

[0049] With respect to the matrix component intended to form the matrix 3,This is a matrix component made from animal-based glue, particularly a casein-based glue. It should be noted that active ingredients of animal and / or plant-based glue, other than casein, may make up the matrix component and may be used alternatively or in addition. However, these glues do not provide the same characteristics. A binder based on corn starch, rice starch, and / or potato starch, for example, makes it possible to obtain a solid construction element or material that absorbs moisture. The use of wood glue results in a construction element that crumbles and decomposes after drying, which is not desired.

[0050] A first example of a matrix component intended for use in a product for the manufacture of a brick 10 as a building element is as follows: 40g of dehydrated casein immersed in 100g of water to make it swell, i.e. a mass of casein of 140g; 62.5g of lime, preferably slaked, mixed with the casein until a thick, smooth and elastic paste is obtained; 5g of Borax (sodium borate) mixed with a small amount of water to dissolve it then add to the previous preparation, for example 100g of water, and mix until a completely homogeneous paste is obtained; and 500g of water to dilute the glue and make it more easily impregnated in the textile reinforcement component.

[0051] The manufacturing process implemented according to the method described below makes it possible to manufacture four bricks 10 at a time, so you have to multiply all these ingredients by four. It is also preferred to mix the ingredients in this precise order, namely: casein with lime, then add the borax, and finally dilute the matrix component.

[0052] Generally speaking, the manufacturing process of the material 1 constituting the building element 10 involves the following steps: preparation of the product; filling of at least one mold 210 by the prepared product; compression of the prepared product placed in said mold 210 ; and drying.

[0053] Once the matrix component is obtained, the textile-based reinforcement component is coated and embedded in said matrix component so that the pieces of textiles forming the reinforcement 2 are arranged homogeneously in the composition intended to form the matrix 3. The homogeneity of the concentration of the reinforcing component in the matrix component, and more generally in the product, ensures homogeneity of the composite structure of the material obtained. The pieces of textile are also arranged in all directions to obtain an isotropic material.

[0054] Thus, to finalize the preparation of the product, the reinforcing component formed by the pieces of textile is mixed with the previously prepared dose of glue forming the matrix component. 3, then the mixture is kneaded so that all the fabrics of the reinforcement component are impregnated. The casein glue forming the matrix component must be sufficiently liquid to properly impregnate the fabric, hence the importance of diluting the glue with water, or even in a complementary or alternative manner with glue recovered from the compression step which will be described below.

[0055] In some cases, additives may be added to the product in addition to the other components, particularly in the matrix component. These additives may be color pigments, or any other additive that can give the material manufactured from the product a characteristic for a particular use, for example. However, in this case, the proportions of the components remain generally the same. Preferably, any variation in the proportions due to the addition of an additive is less than 1%, and preferably 0.5%.

[0056] In some cases, additives in suitable proportions may be used as a supplement in the matrix component. These additives must be in sufficiently small quantities so as not to substantially alter the composition of the product.

[0057] In this example, we will note that the brick 10 as illustrated on the figure 1comprises a reinforcing component having a mass of 400g of textiles and that the matrix component according to the example detailed above represents a mass of 807.5g which represents a proportion of matrix component proportionally higher than that of the reinforcing component since it represents approximately two thirds of the total mass of the product intended for the manufacture of a brick, i.e. approximately 67%. In general, it will be noted that the matrix component represents at least 55%, preferably at least 60% and at most 80%, preferably at most 75% of the mass of the product. After compression and drying this ratio will change.

[0058] Then, at least one mold is filled 210 by the prepared product. Note that the mold 210may not be filled with the already formed product, but in this case it can be filled with the reinforcing component and then the matrix component, or with the matrix component and then the reinforcing component. However, in both cases there is a risk that the reinforcing component will not be sufficiently well impregnated.

[0059] In the case where several molds are used at the same time, care must be taken to fill the said molds evenly. 210 of the product composed of textiles coated with glue. The uniformity of the distribution between the different molds 210 is important for the building elements 10 which result are as identical as possible in terms of their dimension in the compression direction.

[0060] When the mold(s) 210 are filled with the product, said product which is placed in the mold 210 is then compressed.

[0061] An embodiment of a device 200 to implement the manufacturing process, and in particular the compression step, is illustrated in more detail on the figures 3 to 6 .

[0062] The device 200 includes a chassis 201 on which a platform is mounted 202 to place several molds there 210. Four mussels 210 are positioned here on the platform 202 and secured together to facilitate handling. The molds 210 are made of aluminum and polyoxymethylene (POM). The molds 210 are oriented vertically, that is to say they each have side walls 211 having a closed contour in a horizontal plane and opening onto an upper end 212 and on a lower end 213. Each mold 210 includes a background 214 mobile in translation in the mold 210and guided in a fitted manner with the side walls 211.

[0063] The device 200 further includes a compression mechanism 230 upper arranged vertically above the platform 202, and a stripping mechanism 240 arranged vertically below the platform 202.

[0064] The stripping mechanism 240 is particularly configured to eject the product after its compression by the compression mechanism 230 superior.

[0065] The device 200 is configured so that the product inside the mold 210 is compressed between the compression mechanisms 230 upper and the stripper mechanism 240.

[0066] Compression mechanisms 230 and stripper 240 each include a jack 221, 231 so that the device 200forms a double-acting press. The two cylinders 221, 231 are aligned along the vertical axis in this example and each directed towards the platform 202, namely a compressor jack 221 above, and a stripping jack 231 below.

[0067] The mold 210 remains fixed to the chassis 201 from the press via the platform 202, and these are the jacks 221, 231 which compress together the material forming the product. Each bottom 214 mussels 210 is pierced to allow the excess casein glue forming the matrix component to pass through, which then flows into a collection tank placed under the press (not shown here).

[0068] After the molds have been filled, and with the help of the hydraulic cylinder 221 higher than 20 tons in this example, a punch 222 upper descends while being driven at a distal end of said cylinder, enters the mold210 and crushes the material at the bottom of the mold 210. Once the punch 222 has completed its compression stroke, the bricks will remain crushed for a predetermined period of approximately 30 minutes. This will give them a firmer, denser appearance and better defined edges / corners than if they were compressed and ejected directly. This predetermined period of time can obviously be varied to accommodate a possible different composition of the desired material or to obtain different properties.

[0069] During compression, the excess matrix component, namely casein glue, is evacuated from below the mold 210. It is collected in the recovery bin placed under the press to be reused to dilute the glue during product preparation.

[0070] The device 200 as illustrated is manual and each of the compression mechanisms230 and stripper 240 can be operated by an actuating mechanism 240 controlled by a gripping arm 241 forming a lever arm. Of course, the compression mechanisms 230 and stripper 240 can be connected to an air compressor or a hydraulic power unit (not shown), in order to automate compression and / or ejection.

[0071] The device 200 is particularly suitable for implementing the manufacturing process described above, and differs from known mechanisms such as presses for raw earth bricks or clay bricks. Indeed, textile materials are very absorbent and the casein glue forming the matrix component must be able to escape, here through the holes provided in the bottoms of the molds 210. The stripping mechanism 240also ensures the safe ejection of the building element, the brick being fragile at this stage of manufacture, before drying and allows the building element to be held in place during extraction after the compression stage.

[0072] In fact, once the compression is complete, the material must be ejected from the molds 210. For this, it is necessary to order the hydraulic cylinder 221 higher so that the punch 222 upper part rises and opens the mold 210 associated. Then, using the hydraulic jack 231 lower, also 20 tons, the punch 232 upper rises, and the bricks 10 come out of their mold 210 from above, passing through the upper end of the mold 210. The operator then simply slides the bricks towards him one by one to retrieve them.

[0073] Once the compression stage is complete, the bricks 10 are dried. During a first drying phase, each brick 10 is placed on a preferably flat support configured so that said material does not adhere to the support. This first phase lasts for example 24 hours. In a second drying phase, each brick obtained is left to dry on an openwork support such as a rack, to allow better cold and homogeneous drying, by natural ventilation. A brick 10 is completely dry after approximately two weeks. These times may vary depending on the desired building element and its dimensions. Of course, other drying methods can be implemented to improve production.

[0074] After drying, a material is obtained such that the matrix has a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product. In this case, the matrix represents 20% of the filler, 80% of the mass of the product corresponding to the mass of the textile reinforcement component.

[0075] It should be noted that the shape of the bricks 10 Forming building elements can vary, for example to take the form of plates or blocks. Of course the shape of the mold and its orientation can then change to adapt to the desired brick shape.

[0076] Finally, the construction elements 10 are assembled together to form a built subassembly. 100. Compressed paving stones can come in different formats. They can be structural and assembled in a staggered pattern, like a brick. 10traditional, to build a wall. The assembly is done dry, without joints. The bricks 10 can be screwed together to compress them. A system with tie rods, such as metal tie rods, for example steel, which would pass vertically through several bricks, for example connecting a floor to a ceiling in the case of a partition, and spaced a predetermined distance apart so as to be evenly distributed along the length of the partition, for example every 1 or 2m along the length of the wall 100 to be carried out. Such a tie rod system (not shown) makes it possible to produce pre-stressed compression partitions.

[0077] The brick 10 or paving can also be made into decorative facings (i.e. much thinner plates - non-structural) and be glued directly onto the surface (concrete, wood, cardboard).

[0078] In both cases, whether the building sub-assembly is structural or decorative, the brick also forms a thermal and acoustic insulator.

[0079] Of course, the composition of a brick can vary considerably. A second example of a matrix component intended for use in a product for the manufacture of a brick 10 as a building element is as follows: 60g of dehydrated casein immersed in 240g of water to make it swell, i.e. a mass of casein of 140g; 70g of lime, preferably slaked, mixed with the casein until a thick, smooth and elastic paste is obtained; 10g of Borax mixed with a small dose of water to dissolve it then add to the previous preparation and mix until a completely homogeneous paste is obtained; and 500mL of water to dilute the glue and make it more easily impregnated in the textile.

[0080] In this example, it will be noted that the brick 10 comprises a reinforcing component having a mass of 400g of textiles and that the matrix component according to the example detailed above represents a mass of 980g which represents a proportion of matrix component proportionally greater than that of the reinforcing component since it represents approximately 71% of the total mass of the product intended for the manufacture of a brick. 10.

[0081] Of course, multiple matrix component compositions are possible, always based on casein glue. For example, the mass ranges for the production of a construction element 10, such as a brick, can vary as follows: Active ingredient of the glue of vegetable and / or animal origin, for example milk casein in the case of a casein-based glue: between 40 and 80g if it is dehydrated, or by mixing it with a quantity of water equivalent to approximately three times the mass of dehydrated casein, between 180g and 320g of casein; Lime: between 50 and 100g, it being understood that the matrix component comprises a predetermined quantity of lime preferably corresponding to approximately a quarter of the mass of casein (hydrated). Lime makes it possible in particular to make the glue insoluble, in particular the casein-based glue; Antioxidant, for example borax: between 5g and 20g; Water to dilute the glue: between 300g and 1kg.

[0082] Generally, a mixture will be chosen to manufacture the matrix component including: The natural active ingredient of the vegetable and / or animal glue, namely casein in the case of a casein glue, represents at least 10%, preferably at least 20% and at most 75%, preferably at most 40% of the mass of the matrix component; and / or the lime represents at least 1%, preferably at least 5% and at most 20%, preferably at most 10% of the mass of the matrix component; and / or the antioxidant, here borax, represents at least 0.1%, preferably at least 0.5% and at most 5%, preferably at most 1.5% of the mass of the matrix component

[0083] In another configuration illustrated on the Figures 2A and 2B , the building element has a shape configured to be able to be fixed to another building element 10 of the same shape, this by simple cooperation of shape. In this configuration, the brick 10 parallelepiped shape present on its upper face 10A tenons 11,here two in number, and on its lower face 10B mortises 12, complementary geometry of the tenons 11, in the same number, i.e. two. Of course the number of tenons 11 and mortises 12 may vary, as seen on the figures 7 to 11 . It can also be designed building elements with only tenons 11 or with only mortises 12.

[0084] THE figures 7 to 11 illustrate partially exploded perspective views of sub-assemblies built according to different partition construction methods. In each of these examples the bricks 10 are superimposed so that at least one of the tenons 11 of a brick 10 lower cooperates with a mortise 12of an upper brick. Preferably the bricks are superimposed in a vertically offset manner relative to each other. Such a form cooperation provides a simple and removable means of fixing to form the partition, but also economical because the assembly of the bricks 10 to form the subset 100 The frame does not require the use of additional material. Of course, depending on the use, different and complementary fixing methods may be used.

[0085] On these different figures 7 to 11 the bricks are assembled in a significantly different way, but can of course be complementary: the partitions can be formed from two adjoining partitions, the thickness of which therefore corresponds to the width of two bricks 10 ( figure 7 ), the partition can be significantly arched ( figure 8 ), or present overlays forming different patterns ( figures 9, 10, 11 )

[0086] Construction elements 10 such that bricks with these characteristics can be used for many purposes.

[0087] In an interior space for example, the bricks 10 of textile can be assembled to form sub-assemblies of frames in order to partition sub-spaces by creating partitions for example. Depending on the characteristics of the material used, this partitioning is not only physical but also acoustic and thermal. Bricks 10 allow spaces to be physically and acoustically partitioned. Bricks 10 equipped with a textile reinforcement are acoustically insulating, thanks to the cotton. In addition, the natural binder used to form the matrix makes them waterproof.

[0088] Furthermore, the arrangement of construction elements makes it possible to create sub-assemblies at least locally. 100forming openwork partitions to let the light pass through ( figure 9 ).

[0089] The bricks 10, Made from recycled clothing, they are soundproof thanks to the cotton used. In addition, the natural binder used makes them waterproof. They can then be used to build partitions in our homes. The color of the partitions is infinitely variable, depending on the color of the collected clothing. In addition, they can be plain or patterned.

[0090] In the case of colors, these can be obtained in different ways. Regarding the product, an additive can be added to the matrix component such as a pigment. A sorting and selection step of textiles, for example collected and recycled clothing, makes it possible to obtain a material with a reinforcement of a predetermined color. Such a selection and sorting step is particularly advantageous in that it does not require any additional additives, nor the use of a complementary product such as a paint that could also be used to paint the manufactured material.

[0091] For example, these bricks 10 recycled clothing can be assembled to create picture rails, benches or armchairs within an exhibition space. The rails are made with neutral colors, to highlight the works contained in this space. From time to time bricks 10withdraw to create exhibition niches, rather for small sculptures.

[0092] Such building elements can also be used outdoors, for example furniture such as seating on a beach or terrace.

[0093] Recycled textile bricks forming the building elements 10 can also be used to create meaning-sets 100 custom-made furniture, as illustrated on the figures 12 to 15 .

[0094] With their different sizes, the bricks 10 can adapt to all types of spaces, to create all the necessary furniture. This furniture can be a type of armchair ( figure 12 ), a type of coffee table ( figure 13 ), a stool ( figure 14 ), or even a bench ( figure 15 ).

[0095] Generally speaking, the material according to the invention allows the manufacture of partitions that are more insulating than a standard BA13 type plaster wall, used in most constructions today.

[0096] It is a material with a very low carbon impact, which makes it one of the very advantageous construction materials for the future. The fact that the binder, i.e. the matrix, or its matrix component, is ecological, non-polluting and makes the material more fire-resistant gives it a definite advantage over known solutions of the prior art, the vast majority of which use resins such as Epoxy resins, an extremely energy-intensive heating system (to melt the material), or chemical additives to make the materials used for the design of construction elements fireproof.

[0097] The material according to the invention is therefore a 3-in-1 material (structural, insulating and aesthetic) which can be used to make partitions but also furniture, or any other object, the difference mainly residing in the modification of the mold of the device 200.

[0098] Naturally, the invention is described in the foregoing by way of example. It is understood that a person skilled in the art is able to carry out different variant embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

Claims

1. Product intended to be transformed with a view to producing a material which is intended in particular for construction, the product comprising a textile-based reinforcement component, which is intended to form a reinforcement, and a matrix component, which is intended to form a matrix, comprising a casein-based glue of animal origin, the matrix component representing a mass, in proportion to the mass of the product, greater than that of the reinforcement component, the product being characterized in that the matrix component represents at least 55%, preferably at least 60% and at most 80%, preferably at most 75% of the mass of the product, the matrix component comprising a predetermined amount of lime, preferably slaked lime, the predetermined amount of lime preferably corresponding to approximately a quarter of the mass of casein.

2. Product according to claim 1, characterized in that the matrix component comprises a predetermined amount of an antioxidant, such as borax, the antioxidant preferably representing at least 0.3%, preferably at least 0.5% and at most 3.5%, preferably at most 1.5% of the total mass of said matrix component.

3. Product according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the textile reinforcement component comprises textile pieces and / or fibers and / or a textile-based powder, preferably arranged uniformly in the composition which is intended to form the matrix.

4. Product according to claim 3, characterized in that the textile pieces all have a surface area of between 1mm2 and 225cm2, preferably between 1mm2 and 100cm2, the textile pieces preferably coming from the shredding of garments alone.

5. Product according to claim 3, characterized in that the powder is formed by grains with a characteristic size of less than 2 mm.

6. Product according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textile is composed of natural fibers, preferably cotton, linen, wool and / or hemp.

7. Method for producing a material (1) intended in particular for construction, the production method comprising at least the following steps: - preparing a product according to one of claims 1 to 8, this preparation preferably comprising a step of preparing the matrix component comprising a step of mixing the casein-based glue of animal origin with a predetermined amount of lime, followed by a step of coating the textile-based reinforcement component with the matrix component; - filling of at least one mold with the prepared product; - compressing the product placed in the mold; and - drying, until a material is obtained such that the matrix has a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product.

8. Production method according to claim 7, characterized in that the step of preparing the matrix component comprises one or more of the steps of: adding borax to the mixture of casein and lime, preferably previously dissolved in water; then completing with a liquid such as water to dilute the mixture.

9. Material (1) intended in particular to form a construction element, the material being capable of being obtained by the production method according to one of claims 7 or 8, the material comprising a composite structure comprising a textile-based reinforcement (2) and a matrix (3) made from a casein-based glue of animal origin comprising a predetermined amount of lime, the matrix (2) having a mass representing at least 10%, preferably at least 15% and at most 30%, preferably at most 25% of the total mass of the dry product.

10. Construction element (10) such as a brick, intended for use in a building or furniture subassembly (100) such as a wall or a partition, characterized in that it is one-piece and comprises a material (1) according to claim 9, preferably the construction element consists of said material.

11. Building or furniture subassembly (100), such as a wall or partition, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of construction elements (10) according to claim 10, which are one-piece and attached to one another.