Method for regulating a resistive element used to defrost and / or defrost a support, and corresponding device

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for regulating a resistive element intended to defrost and / or demist a support, in particular the surface of a support, and more particularly the surface of a transparent support in the visible range.

[0002] The present invention can be implemented for defrosting a car window, in particular its front windshield and / or the rear window, for defrosting a visor of a mask or a helmet.

[0003] The method according to the present invention provides in particular an optimization of the energy consumption of the resistive element. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART

[0004] The defrosting of the rear window of a motor vehicle is generally provided by a resistive element. This resistive element may in particular comprise wires or metal strips (hereinafter "wires") parallel to each other over the entire length or width of the rear window.

[0005] In operation, the wires, when carried by an electric current, dissipate a quantity of heat allowing the melting of frost likely to be present on at least one of the inner face and the outer face of the rear window.

[0006] Motor vehicle defrosting systems are generally controlled by an on / off switch, operated by the user (particularly the driver of the motor vehicle). In other words, activating the defrosting system requires voluntary action by the user both to start it and to stop it.

[0007] This type of system is not satisfactory, however.

[0008] In fact, the voluntary action of starting and stopping the defrosting system is done on the basis of a subjective criterion which does not allow its energy consumption to be optimized.

[0009] Furthermore, it happens that the defrosting system is left on simply because the driver forgets.

[0010] Furthermore, a defrosting system using wires partially obstructs the driver's visibility so that the use of the latter for defrosting the (front) windscreen of a motor vehicle, or a visor of a mask or helmet, cannot be easily envisaged.

[0011] In order to overcome these problems, and at least the one relating to the visibility of the conductor, it has been possible to consider replacing the wires with a resistive element made of a transparent conductive oxide, and in particular indium tin oxide. However, this latter compound, although having appropriate transparency, remains very fragile.

[0012] Moreover, the materials for making such oxides are not sufficiently abundant.

[0013] The production of the resistive element with carbon or silver nanowires woven into a 3-dimensional network also makes it possible to address the transparency issue. However, mass production of resistive elements made from these nanowires is not currently feasible.

[0014] The transparency properties of graphene, as well as the mastery of its implementation, make this material a candidate of choice for de-icing systems.

[0015] In this regard, documents [1], [2] and [3] cited at the end of the description disclose resistive elements made of graphene.

[0016] Document DE 10 2011 121921 A1 discloses a method for regulating a defrosting system according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0017] However, none of these documents address the issues associated with optimizing, and in particular reducing, the energy consumption of a defrosting system.

[0018] An aim of the present invention is therefore to propose a method for regulating a defrosting system, and the defrosting system, making it possible to better control the energy consumption of said defrosting system.

[0019] Another aim of the present invention is also to propose a method for regulating a defrosting system, and a defrosting system, making it possible to operate said system autonomously, and on objective criteria.

[0020] Another aim of the present invention is also to provide a method for regulating a defrosting system. STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0021] The aims of the present invention are, at least in part, achieved by a method of regulating, by means of a computer, a resistive element arranged to defrost and / or demist a support, the method comprising: a) a loop for monitoring the temperature T and the humidity level H at the support; b) a defrosting and / or demisting sequence which, as long as the temperature T and the humidity level H monitored by the monitoring loop a) are indicative of an absence of frost or fog on the support, keeps the resistive element inactive, and otherwise controls, during a step b2), the circulation of a current I in the resistive element so that the latter dissipates a thermal power P th , adjusted as a function of the temperature T and the humidity level H, and allowing the defrosting or demisting of the support according to a predetermined duration D p , advantageously less than 2 seconds, wherein the defrosting sequence b) comprises: b1) a step of determining the thermal power P th on the basis of the temperature T and the humidity level H monitored by the loop a) executed before step b2), and in which the resistive element comprises a stack of layers formed by a first layer and a second layer separated by an insulating layer, the first layer comprising a two-dimensional material with variable resistance under the effect of an electric field and is intended to dissipate the adjusted thermal power P th, while the second layer comprises a resistive material and is intended, as soon as it is subjected to an electric potential V g , to impose an electric field on the first layer, the defrosting sequence b) also comprising a step b3), executed before step b1), of determining the resistance R of the first layer crossed by a known current I as a function of potentials V g applied to the second layer.

[0022] Thus, the method according to the present invention makes it possible to control, according to objective criteria, and in a repeatable manner, the starting and stopping of the resistive element.

[0023] This results in an optimization of energy consumption, particularly in a motor vehicle in which the only energy reserve is the battery.

[0024] According to one mode of implementation, the monitoring loop a) includes: a1) a step of measuring the temperature T and the humidity H; a2) a step of determining the presence or absence of frost or mist on the support as a function of the temperature T and the humidity level H measured in step a1).

[0025] According to one embodiment, the monitoring loop a) is executed periodically, advantageously every two seconds.

[0026] According to one embodiment, step b1) is executed using a chart stored in a memory space of the computer, and making it possible to determine the thermal power P th as a function of the temperature T and the humidity level H.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the thicknesses of the first and second layers are adjusted so that the transparency of the resistive element in the visible range is greater than 80%.

[0028] Thus, the regulation method, as well as the resistive element, can be implemented on the front windshield of a motor vehicle without disturbing the driver's visibility.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the resistive material is also a two-dimensional material with variable resistance under the effect of an electric field.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the defrosting sequence b) also comprises a step b3), executed before step b1), of determining the resistance R of the first layer as a function of a potential Vg applied to the second layer.

[0031] According to one implementation mode, the adjustment of the thermal power P th includes an adjustment of the electric potential V g .

[0032] According to one embodiment, the resistive element is formed on an exposed face of the support.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the support comprises a stack of two layers, called support layers, between which the resistive element is inserted.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the support is transparent in the visible range, in particular the support comprises either a window of a motor vehicle, or a visor of a helmet, or a visor of a mask.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the monitoring loop a) is also carried out by means of a temperature and humidity sensor arranged on or in the support.

[0036] The invention also relates to a computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the latter to implement the regulation method according to the present invention.

[0037] The invention also relates to a resistive element arranged to defrost and / or demist a support, and controlled by a computer on which the computer program according to the present invention is stored.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the resistive material is also a two-dimensional material with variable resistance under the effect of an electric field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Other characteristics and advantages will appear in the following description of the method for regulating a resistive element according to the invention, given as non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings in which: There Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a resistive element coupled to a support, and intended to be implemented in the present invention, the resistive element notably comprises a stack of layers interposed between two support layers; The Figure 2 is a graphical representation of the resistivity (vertical axis, “R” in “Ohms”) of a first monolayer of graphene of a second monolayer of graphene by a dielectric material, as a function of a gate potential Vg (horizontal axis, “Vg” in “Volts”) to which said second layer is subjected for a given temperature and humidity level; Figure 3is a graphical representation of the first derivative of resistivity (vertical axis, “dR / dVg”) shown in Figure 2 , as a function of the grid potential (horizontal axis, “Vg”); The Figure 4 is a schematic representation of the sequence of steps of the method for regulating the resistive element according to the present invention; The Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a temperature sensor made of graphene and capable of being implemented to determine the temperature of the support during the execution of the regulation method of the resistive element; The Figure 6 is a schematic representation of the interface of the calculator with the sensor(s) and the resistive element; The Figure 7 is a graphical representation of the Mollier diagram relating to the change of state of water from liquid to vapor; figures 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8eare schematic representations of a method of manufacturing the resistive element capable of being implemented within the framework of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

[0040] The present invention relates to a method for regulating a resistive element intended to defrost and / or demist a support with which it is associated.

[0041] In particular, the regulation method is implemented by means of a computer which executes a monitoring loop of the temperature T and the humidity level of the support, and more particularly of a surface of said support.

[0042] The monitoring loop according to the present invention makes it possible in particular to detect, as a function of the temperature T and the humidity level H, the presence of frost and / or mist on the support.

[0043] The calculator can also implement, as soon as the temperature T and the humidity level H indicate the presence of frost and / or humidity on the support, a defrosting and / or demisting loop.

[0044] More particularly, according to the present invention, the defrosting and / or demisting loop controls the resistive element so that the latter delivers a thermal power P th , adjusted as a function of the temperature T and the humidity level H, and allowing the defrosting or demisting of the support according to a predetermined duration D p , advantageously less than 2 seconds.

[0045] There Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a resistive element 100 capable of being implemented within the framework of the present invention.

[0046] The resistive element 100, according to the present invention, is an element which, when passed through by an electric current I, dissipates thermal power (therefore heat) intended to defrost and / or demist a support 200.

[0047] In this regard, the resistive element 100 may comprise metal wires disposed on an exposed face of the support 200.

[0048] Alternatively, the resistive element 100 may comprise a layer or a stack of layers which is / are, according to a first variant, covering an exposed face of the support 200, and according to a second variant in the volume of the support 200.

[0049] More particularly, according to the second variant, the support 200 comprises two layers, called support layers 201 and 202, between which the resistive element is inserted.

[0050] The support 200 is advantageously transparent in the visible range.

[0051] By "transparent in the visible range" we mean a transmission coefficient greater than 80%, advantageously 90%, even more advantageously 95%, in the visible range.

[0052] By "visible range" we mean the wavelength range between 400 nm and 750 nm.

[0053] The support 200 may be rigid, and comprise for example glass or quartz.

[0054] Alternatively, the support 200 may be flexible and comprise a polyimide material, or polydimethylsiloxane, or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

[0055] More particularly, the support 200 may be a visor of a mask or a helmet, a window of a motor vehicle, for example a windshield or a rear window.

[0056] According to the invention, the resistive element 100 comprises a stack of layers 101 formed by a first layer 110 and a second layer 120 separated by an insulating layer 130.

[0057] By "insulating layer" is meant a layer which is electrically insulating, and which, consequently, ensures electrical insulation between the first layer 110 and the second layer 120.

[0058] The insulating layer 130 may in particular comprise a dielectric material, for example a glass or silicon dioxide or hafnium oxide.

[0059] The thickness of the insulating layer can be between 100 nm and 100 µm.

[0060] The first layer 110 is a two-dimensional material.

[0061] A two-dimensional material is a material that has a two-dimensional crystalline structure. Such materials generally comprise a stack of crystalline planes within which atoms or molecules are held together by covalent bonds, while Van der Walls-type interactions ensure cohesion between crystalline planes.

[0062] The two-dimensional material forming the first layer 110 also has a variable electrical resistance depending on an electric field to which it is likely to be subjected.

[0063] In other words, it is possible to modulate the electrical resistance of the first layer 110 as a function of an electric field imposed in its immediate environment.

[0064] The materials capable of meeting the two aforementioned criteria are known to those skilled in the art, and may comprise at least one of the elements chosen from: graphene, MoS 2 , MOSe 2 , WS 2 , WSe 2 .

[0065] The thickness of the first layer 110 is adjusted by a person skilled in the art depending on the transparency properties that he wishes to confer on the latter. For example, the first layer 110 may comprise between one and ten atomic layers of the two-dimensional variable resistance material.

[0066] More particularly, the thicknesses of the first layer 110 and of the second layer 120 are adjusted so that the transparency of the resistive element 100 in the visible range is greater than 80%, advantageously greater than 90%, even more advantageously greater than 95%.

[0067] The second layer 120 comprises a resistive material, for example a transparent conductive oxide, or a two-dimensional material with variable resistance.

[0068] A first layer 110 and a second layer 120 made of the same material is however preferable.

[0069] The second layer 120 is notably arranged to, when it is subjected to a given potential Vg (also called “gate potential”), impose an electric field on the first layer 110.

[0070] In other words, the potential Vg imposed on the second layer makes it possible to vary the electrical resistance of the first layer 110.

[0071] In this regard, the Figure 2 is a graphical representation of the electrical resistance R of a first layer 110 made of graphene as a function of the gate potential Vg imposed on a second layer also made of graphene.

[0072] The electrical resistance of the first layer describes a bell-shaped curve and has a maximum.

[0073] This bell-shaped electrical resistance evolution curve also presents two inflection points revealed by the first derivative of the resistance as a function of the grid potential ( Figure 3 ).

[0074] The remainder of the description is limited to a resistive element which comprises a first layer and a second layer made of graphene and between which is inserted a layer of dielectric material such as silicon dioxide.

[0075] The regulation process (illustrated in the Figure 4 ) of the resistive element 100 is carried out by means of a computer 400 ( Figure 6 ).

[0076] By “computer” is meant a device provided with a processor capable of executing commands, and in particular the commands of a computer program stored for example in a dedicated memory space of said computer 400.

[0077] The process of regulating the resistive element, illustrated in the Figure 4 , according to the present invention comprises a monitoring loop a) of the temperature T and the humidity level H at the level of the support 200.

[0078] It is understood that a "loop", according to the terms of the present invention, comprises one or more step(s) and is repeated, for example at regular time intervals. The execution of a loop may be subject to conditions.

[0079] Monitoring loop a) can be executed at regular time intervals (or periodically), for example every minute or every thirty seconds, or every five seconds.

[0080] The monitoring loop a) may include a step a1) of measuring the temperature T and the humidity level H.

[0081] Step a1) can be performed by means of one or more temperature and / or humidity sensors 300.

[0082] For example, the Figure 5 represents a sensor 300, in particular a temperature sensor.

[0083] This sensor 300 includes in particular a single layer of graphene 310. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistance of graphene makes it a material of choice for implementation in a temperature sensor.

[0084] The determination of the temperature with such a sensor 300, comprises a measurement of the electrical voltage V between two terminals formed on the graphene when the latter is crossed by an electric current of a known intensity I.

[0085] Document [4] cited at the end of the description describes an example of such a temperature sensor capable of being implemented within the framework of the present invention.

[0086] The sensor 300 can be arranged on or in the support 200, and thus allow a faithful estimation of the temperature T and / or the humidity level H of said support 200.

[0087] The monitoring loop a) may also include a step a2) of determining the presence or absence of frost and / or fog on the support as a function of the temperature T and the humidity level H measured on the support 200 during step a1).

[0088] The regulation method also includes a sequence b) of defrosting and / or demisting.

[0089] In particular, since the temperature T and the humidity level H monitored in step a) are indicative of the presence of frost and / or fog, the sequence b) controls, during a step b2), the injection of an electric current I into the resistive element 100 so that the latter dissipates a thermal power P th , adjusted as a function of the temperature T and the humidity level H, and allowing the defrosting or demisting of the support for the predetermined duration D p .

[0090] The predetermined duration is advantageously less than 20 seconds, even more advantageously less than 5 seconds, and preferably less than 2 seconds.

[0091] It is understood, without it being necessary to specify it, that the resistive element 100 is associated with a current source. The latter can, for example, be integrated into the computer 400.

[0092] In the absence of frost and / or fog, sequence b) leaves the resistive element 100 inactive. In other words, no electrical current flows in the resistive element 100.

[0093] It is therefore understood that entry into the defrosting and / or demisting sequence is conditional on the presence of frost and / or mist on the support, and that the method for regulating the resistive element exits said sequence as soon as the temperature T and the humidity level H on the support are no longer indicative of the presence of frost and / or mist on said support.

[0094] The electric current I, within the framework of the stack of layers considered, flows in the first layer 110.

[0095] Adjustment of the thermal power P th (step b1), Figure 4 ) advantageously includes an adjustment of the gate potential Vg (step b1'), Figure 4 ) imposed on the second layer 120. More particularly, the gate potential Vg is adjusted so that the first layer 110 has an electrical resistance R th to the passage of the electric current I allowing the dissipation of the thermal power P tn during the predetermined duration D p .

[0096] In other words, the implementation of a first layer comprising a two-dimensional material with variable resistance makes it possible to consider a fixed electric current source.

[0097] The determination of the thermal power P th can be carried out on the basis of numerical simulation or calculations ab initiowhich are within the reach of the person skilled in the art.

[0098] Alternatively, the determination of the thermal power P th can implement a calibration curve or an abacus stored in a memory space of the computer 400.

[0099] The abacus considered makes it possible to determine, from the temperature T and the humidity level H, the thermal power P th necessary for melting the frost or evaporating the mist likely to have formed on the support.

[0100] This abacus can be constructed experimentally.

[0101] The construction of the abacus may include the determination of the thermal power P th required to melt the frost or evaporate the mist likely to have formed on the support at a given temperature T and humidity level H.

[0102] In particular, the determination of the thermal power P th may comprise the measurement of the time required to melt frost or evaporate mist when the first layer 110 is crossed by a current I.

[0103] This step may include a simple observation of the complete disappearance of frost or fog, and concludes with a measurement of the temperature T and the humidity level of the support 200.

[0104] This protocol can be repeated as many times as necessary and for different pairs of temperature T and humidity level H.

[0105] For example, the Mollier diagram shown in Figure 7 can be considered. This diagram is a graphical representation of the changes in liquid-gaseous state of water at a surface as a function of temperature (in "°C" along the horizontal axis) and absolute humidity (in "g water / kg dry air" along the vertical axis).

[0106] At point "B" in this diagram, the temperature and humidity define a saturation of gaseous water in the air of 50%. Thus, if for a constant absolute humidity rate the temperature decreases, for example to the temperature defined by point "A", a phenomenon of water condensation occurs, and liquid water forms on the surface considered (this is the dew point).

[0107] Now, if it is a question of defogging the surface considered, for example subjected to temperature and absolute humidity conditions associated with point “D” of the Mollier diagram, it can be arbitrarily chosen by the person skilled in the art to determine the thermal power P th making it possible to heat the surface considered to a temperature corresponding to a humidity level in the air equal to 50%. In other words, as represented on the Mollier diagram of the Figure 7, it can be considered to determine the thermal power required to heat the surface to the temperature associated with point “C”.

[0108] Under these conditions, the power P th required for demisting can be determined as follows: impose a gate voltage Vg on the second layer 120 so that the first layer 110 has an electrical resistance R th to the passage of the electric current, apply a fixed current and note a time tc from which the fogging at the surface considered disappears.

[0109] The time tc, the electrical resistance R th and the fixed current then make it possible to determine the power P th required to defog the surface under particular temperature and humidity conditions.

[0110] These operations can be repeated as many times as necessary to determine the power required for defogging for different temperature and absolute humidity pairs.

[0111] The procedure described above then allows the following chart to be constructed: It is however noteworthy that the values ​​given in the following table are established with regard to an arbitrary choice of air humidity. The values ​​represent a trend from one box to another, and the other of the trade by modifying the criterion relating to humidity to construct another chart.

[0112] The regulation method according to the present invention therefore makes it possible to optimize the thermal power necessary for defrosting and demisting a support 200.

[0113] The starting and stopping of the resistive element depending on the possible formation of frost or mist on the support is carried out automatically on objective and repeatable criteria, and therefore no longer requires the intervention of an operator.

[0114] Considering a first transparent layer 110 and a second transparent layer 120 makes it possible to envisage the implementation of the resistive element according to the present invention also for defrosting a windshield of a motor vehicle, or a visor of a mask or a helmet.

[0115] The defrosting sequence b) also comprises a step b3) of determining the electrical resistance R of the first layer 110 as a function of the gate potential Vg likely to be applied to the second layer 120.

[0116] In particular, step b3) comprises an acquisition by the computer 400 of the voltage V at two terminals of the first layer crossed by a known electric current I, and for different values ​​of gate potential Vg.

[0117] The present invention also relates to a computer program, which when executed by a computer 400, causes the latter to implement the method of regulating the resistive element 100.

[0118] The present invention also relates to the resistive element for defrosting and / or demisting a support, and controlled by the computer 400 on which the computer program is stored.

[0119] In particular, the resistive element comprises the stack of layers 101 formed by the first layer 110 and the second layer 120 separated by the insulating layer 130.

[0120] The first layer may comprise a two-dimensional material with variable resistance under the effect of an electric field and is intended to dissipate the adjusted thermal power P th , while the second layer may comprise a resistive material and is intended, when subjected to an electric potential V g , to impose an electric field on the first layer.

[0121] Furthermore, the thicknesses of the first 110 and the second 120 layer can be adjusted so that the transparency of the resistive element in the visible range is greater than 80%.

[0122] In addition, the resistive material may also comprise a two-dimensional material with variable resistance under the effect of an electric field.

[0123] According to a first variant, the resistive element is formed on an exposed face of the support.

[0124] According to a second variant, the support comprises two layers, called support layers, between which the resistive element is inserted.

[0125] Finally, the support may be transparent in the visible range, in particular the support may comprise either a window of a motor vehicle, or a visor of a helmet, or a visor of a mask.

[0126] Figures 7a to 7e represent an example of a method of manufacturing the resistive element in a support 200 provided with two support layers 201 and 202. The support 200 is in particular a windshield.

[0127] The method comprises a first step 1) of forming the second layer 120 on one of the support layers, for example the support layer 202.

[0128] The second layer can include graphene by dispersion (“spray coating” according to Anglo-Saxon terminology).

[0129] The first step 1) is followed by a second step 2) of forming the insulating layer 130. The insulating layer 130 may comprise SiO 2 , HfO 2 and be formed by a vapor deposition technique (“CVD” or “Chemical Vapor Deposition” according to Anglo-Saxon terminology).

[0130] A third step 3) of forming the first layer 110 covering the insulating layer 130 is then carried out according to the same methods as the first step.

[0131] Source contacts 111 and drain contacts 112 on the one hand, and gate contacts 121 on the other hand, are formed, respectively on the first layer 110 and on the second layer 120 during a fourth step 4).

[0132] Step 4) is then followed by a fifth step 5) of covering the first layer 110 with the support layer 201.

[0133] Additionally, one or more temperature and / or humidity sensors can be formed on the support.

[0134] The resistive element 100, and possibly the sensor(s) 300 can be interfaced with the computer 400.

[0135] The computer 400 may in particular comprise an execution unit 401, intended to implement the sequence b), and a data processing unit 402 intended to collect the temperature and the humidity level measured by the sensor(s) 300, and determine the conditions for implementing the defrosting and / or demisting sequence. REFERENCES

[0136] [1] US 2014 / 0021195, [2] WO 2016062885, [3] US 8,431,869, [4] Davaji B et al., "A patterned single layer graphene resistance temperature sensor", Scientific Reports 7, 8811 (2017).

Claims

1. A method for regulating, by means of a computer, a resistive element (100) arranged to deice and / or demist a support (200), the method comprising: a) a loop for monitoring the temperature T and the moisture level H at the support (200) ; b) a deicing and / or demisting sequence which, as long as the temperature T and the moisture level H monitored by the monitoring loop a) are indicative of an absence of frost or mist on the support (200), keeps the resistive element (100) inactive and, in the contrary case, demands, in a step b2), the circulation of a current I in the resistive element (100) so that the latter dissipates a thermal power Pth, adjusted according to the temperature T and the moisture level H, and allowing deicing or demisting of the support (200) over a predetermined period Dp, wherein the deicing sequence b) comprises: b1) a step of determining the thermal power Pth on the basis of the temperature T and the moisture level H monitored by the loop a) executed before step b2), characterized in that the resistive element (100) comprises a stack of layers (101) formed by a first layer (110) and a second layer (120) separated by an insulating layer (130), the first layer comprising a two-dimensional material with resistance that is variable under the effect of an electrical field and is intended to dissipate the adjusted thermal power Pth, while the second layer (120) comprises a resistive material and is intended, as soon as it is subjected to an electrical potential Vg, to impose an electrical field on the first layer, the deicing sequence b) also comprises a step b3), executed before step b1), of determining the resistance R of the first layer as a function of a potential Vg applied to the second layer (120).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring loop a) comprises; a1) a step of measuring the temperature T and the humidity H; a2) a step of determining the presence or not of frost or mist on the support according to the temperature T and the moisture level H measured at step a1).

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the monitoring loop a) is executed periodically.

4. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 3, wherein step b1) is executed by means of a nomogram stored in a memory space of the computer (400), and making it possible to determine the thermal power Pth as a function of the temperature T and the moisture level H.

5. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 4, wherein the adjustment of the thermal power Pth comprises an adjustment of the electrical potential Vg.

6. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the monitoring loop a) is also executed by means of a temperature and moisture sensor (300) disposed on or in the support (200).

7. A computer program comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer (400), lead the latter to implement the method according to any of the claims 1 to 6.

8. A device provided with a resistive element (100) arranged to deice and / or demist a support (200), and a computer (400) on which the computer program according to claim 7 is stored, said computer being intended to regulate the resistive element (100), wherein the resistive element comprises a stack of layers formed by a first layer and a second layer (120) separated by an insulating layer, the first layer comprising a two-dimensional material with resistance that is variable under the effect of an electrical field and is intended to dissipate the adjusted thermal power Pth, while the second layer (120) comprises a resistive material and is intended, as soon as it is subjected to an electrical potential Vg, to impose an electrical field on the first layer (110).

9. The device according to claim 8, wherein the thicknesses of the first and second layer (120) are adjusted to that the transparency of the resistive element in the visible domain is greater than 80%.

10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the resistive material is also a two-dimensional material with resistance that is under the effect of an electrical field.