Formwork device with deviation measuring device

Description

Domaine Technique

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of manufacturing diaphragm walls in soil. More specifically, it relates to formwork techniques for joining two adjacent wall elements.

[0002] Reference is made to document DE726809C, which describes a method for detecting the displacement of sheet piles during their driving and an inclinometer intended for this method. Technique Antérieure

[0003] The junction between two adjacent wall elements, which are traditionally in the form of panels, is generally achieved using two techniques. The first technique involves excavating a trench in the ground, which is then filled with concrete. After the first panel has hardened, a second, adjacent trench is excavated, cutting into the first panel. This second trench is then filled with concrete.

[0004] To improve the seal between the two adjacent panels, another technique is known which consists of placing a vertical sealing joint between the two panels.

[0005] After excavating the first trench, a temporary formwork element is placed within it. This formwork element includes a joint holder with a vertical sealing gasket. Using this technique, the first trench is then filled with concrete to form the first panel. Once the first panel has hardened, a second trench is excavated adjacent to the first, and the joint holder is removed from the formwork element, leaving the sealing gasket in place. This gasket is then bonded to the first panel and extends into the second trench. This second trench is then filled with concrete to form the second panel. After the concrete has hardened, the sealing gasket, in contact with both the first and second panels, creates a watertight seal between them. This process is repeated until the entire wall is completed.

[0006] The formwork element is usually placed in the trench so that it is positioned against one of the two smaller walls of the trench.

[0007] The inventors observed that, in some cases, the formwork element is difficult to remove from the ground because it is sometimes embedded in the concrete. When the formwork element is not correctly positioned against the trench wall, the concrete can flow around it during pouring, so that after hardening, the formwork element becomes embedded in the cement. This phenomenon can also occur if the ground supporting the formwork element has irregularities, causing the formwork to detach during pouring.

[0008] A removal operation under these conditions is time-consuming and increases the manufacturing time of the diaphragm wall. Exposé de l'invention

[0009] One aim of the invention is to provide a formwork device that overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages.

[0010] The invention achieves its objective by means of a formwork device according to claim 1 for an end of a diaphragm wall panel, said formwork device extending in a longitudinal direction and comprising at least one first formwork element which includes: a base extending along the longitudinal direction and having an external face a, a box cooperating with the base and extending along the longitudinal direction; at least one measuring device enabling the determination of at least one first deviation parameter representative of the deviation of the base with respect to a first vertical plane; and a signal transmission device connected to the measuring device to transmit the first deviation parameter to a receiving station located on the surface.

[0011] The outer face of the footing is designed to bear against one of the trench walls, and more specifically one of the smaller vertical walls of the trench. The outer face is preferably flat. In use, the longitudinal direction is ideally nearly vertical.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, considered in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal direction, the caisson has a cross-section of approximately trapezoidal shape. It is understood that the first formwork element leaves an imprint in the end of the diaphragm wall panel, which has a shape complementary to that of the caisson. Preferably, but not necessarily, the base also has an internal face supporting the caisson.

[0013] It is also understood that the formwork system may comprise a single first formwork element according to the invention, attached to other traditional formwork elements lacking a measuring device. In this case, the first formwork element is preferably, but not necessarily, located at the base of the formwork system. According to other embodiments, the formwork system comprises several formwork elements similar to the first formwork element according to the invention, which includes a measuring device.

[0014] According to the invention, the measuring device makes it possible to measure any deviation of the sole relative to a first vertical plane. This deviation can be an angular value or a distance measured from the first vertical plane.

[0015] The first vertical plane is preferably substantially parallel to the smallest wall against which the first formwork element is placed before the trench is concreted.

[0016] It is understood that if a deviation of the footing from the first vertical plane is identified, this implies that the outer face of the footing is locally distant from the trench wall against which it should be supported. This creates a gap into which the concrete is likely to be forced during pouring. As explained above, without further intervention, the formwork element risks being trapped between the hardened concrete of the trench and the hardened concrete that has been forced between the outer face and the trench wall.

[0017] The invention therefore makes it possible to identify the formation of such a gap in order to, if necessary, act on the first formwork element in order to eliminate, or at least significantly reduce, the deviation and therefore the gap.

[0018] The signal transmission device transmits data relating to any deviation to the receiving station. This station preferably includes a computer and a display screen to inform the operator of any deviation of the first formwork element from the vertical. The operator can then decide to act on the first formwork element to correct its orientation, for example, by adjusting the support mechanisms typically used for positioning a formwork element in a vertical trench excavated in the ground.

[0019] According to the invention, the measuring device is fixed to the formwork box. It is preferably located at least partially within the box. This configuration allows the measuring device to be integrated into the first formwork element without interfering with the positioning of the outer face of the footing against the trench wall. In one embodiment, the measuring device is fixed within a longitudinal tube which is itself fixed within the formwork box.

[0020] In one embodiment, the housing includes an opening into which the measuring device is inserted. One advantage is the ability to quickly access the measuring device to facilitate any necessary maintenance.

[0021] Preferably, the enclosure includes: a central part equipped with a joint holder and extending in the longitudinal direction, and at least one lateral part connecting the central part to the sole, the opening being provided in the lateral part.

[0022] This configuration allows the measuring device to be integrated into the first formwork element so that it does not interfere with the release of the sealing joint when the formwork element is removed from the ground.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring device includes at least one inclinometer. The inclinometer preferably has a measuring module with dimensions substantially the same as the opening. The measuring module can therefore be easily integrated into the opening, particularly if it is pre-existing. The inclinometer is preferably, but not necessarily, of the dual-axis type.

[0024] To enable surface signal transmission, the signal transmission device advantageously includes a cable connected to the measuring device. This cable preferably extends inside the enclosure. Alternatively, the transmission device could include a wireless transmission module. As a further alternative, the transmission device could be located outside the enclosure.

[0025] Advantageously, the measuring device is positioned at a longitudinal end of the first formwork element. Preferably, the measuring device is positioned at the bottom of the box, viewed along the longitudinal direction. The cable exits the box preferably at its upper end.

[0026] According to a preferred embodiment, the formwork device according to the invention further comprises a second formwork element fixed to the first formwork element, the second formwork element comprising: a footing, extending along the longitudinal direction and having an external face; a box cooperating with the footing and extending along the longitudinal direction; at least one measuring device enabling the determination of a second deviation parameter representative of the deviation of the footing of the second formwork element from the first vertical plane; and a signal transmission device connected to the measuring device of the second formwork element to transmit the second deviation parameter to the receiving station.

[0027] The first and second formwork elements are fixed to each other in a continuous fashion. This assembly allows for the creation of long formwork systems, necessary for constructing deep panels. This assembly is preferably carried out on-site, before the formwork system is inserted into the previously excavated trench, for example, using a hydromill. Ideally, the base of the second formwork element should have an inner face that supports the box girder.

[0028] Advantageously, the signal transmission device of the first formwork element extends inside the casing of the second formwork element. It is understood that the second formwork element is, in use, positioned above the first formwork element. According to a preferred embodiment, the cable of the measuring device of the first formwork element extends through the casing of the second formwork element, as does the cable connected to the measuring device of the first formwork element.

[0029] Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the signal transmission devices could also be arranged outside the boxes.

[0030] The formwork system according to the invention can naturally comprise more than two formwork elements. In this case, the cable of the measuring device of a lower formwork element extends to the station by running inside the boxes of the upper formwork elements.

[0031] According to the invention, see claim 10, the measuring device is movable relative to the box in the longitudinal direction. Preferably, the measuring device is mounted to slide relative to the box.

[0032] This embodiment allows the measuring device to be placed at several depths and, consequently, deflection measurements to be taken at several depths. The invention therefore makes it possible to determine a deflection profile of the formwork system.

[0033] When the formwork system comprises several interconnected formwork elements, a single measuring device can be used, which can be moved longitudinally within each successive formwork element. The invention then allows, through the plurality of measurements, for the precise characterization of any deviation of the formwork system from the vertical plane. Preferably, the measuring device is mounted to slide within the formwork box.

[0034] Advantageously, the first formwork element includes a guide tube extending in the longitudinal direction, the measuring device being connected to a displacement device to be moved inside the guide tube in the longitudinal direction.

[0035] Preferably, the guide tube is placed inside the casing.

[0036] Advantageously, the formwork system according to the second embodiment further comprises a second formwork element fixed to the first formwork element, the second formwork element comprising: a base extending along the longitudinal direction and having an external face; a box cooperating with the base and extending along the longitudinal direction; in which the measuring device is mounted movable relative to the box of the second formwork element along the longitudinal direction.

[0037] The measuring device is therefore mobile within each of the formwork system's boxes.

[0038] When present, the guide tube therefore extends into the boxes of the first and second formwork elements.

[0039] In this second embodiment, preferably but not necessarily, the footing has an internal face that supports the box. Advantageously, the first parameter measured is a deviation angle between the longitudinal direction and the first vertical plane, a deviation angle between a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the first vertical plane, or a distance taken between the first vertical plane and the external face of the footing, considered in projection onto a horizontal plane.

[0040] Preferably, the angle of deviation is determined in a plane perpendicular to the trench wall against which the footing is to bear. As explained above, this is most often one of the two shorter vertical walls of the trench. When the trench is straight, in a horizontal plane, the first vertical plane is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the trench, viewed along its length. In this case, the angle of deviation is preferably determined in a vertical plane parallel to the length of the trench and perpendicular to the first vertical plane. It follows that the first deviation parameter then allows us to characterize the footing's deflection along the length of the trench. Knowing the depth of the measuring device, it is also possible to determine a longitudinal displacement of the formwork system relative to the first vertical plane.

[0041] In one variation, the measuring device can determine another deviation value, for example, a deviation angle between the footing and a second vertical plane orthogonal to the first vertical plane. This alternative deviation value then allows for the characterization of any footing deviation based on the trench width. The second deviation parameter can also be displayed on a screen at the receiving station.

[0042] As mentioned above, the first deviation parameter can be a distance considered in a horizontal plane between the first vertical plane and the outer face of the sole. This distance is preferably measured at the depth at which the measuring device is located.

[0043] The second deviation parameter can also be a deviation angle, considered between the first vertical plane and the external face of the footing, or a distance considered, in a horizontal plane, between the first vertical plane and the measuring device of the second formwork element.

[0044] The invention further relates to a formwork installation comprising a formwork device according to the invention and a receiving station connected to the measuring device via the signal transmission device of the first formwork element. The formwork device according to the invention comprises, as defined above, at least one first formwork element.

[0045] The receiving station is preferably located on the surface.

[0046] Advantageously, the receiving station includes a screen to display at least the value of the first deviation parameter, allowing the operator to control in real time the possible deviation of the base of the first formwork element.

[0047] In embodiments in which the measuring device is mobile, the installation further includes means for moving the measuring device in translation relative to the box.

[0048] These means preferably include a motorized cable whose end is fixed to the measuring device.

[0049] The invention further relates to a concreting process, see claim 19, in which: at least one formwork device according to the invention is introduced into a trench, concrete is put into the trench and, during the placement of concrete in the trench: at least one first deviation parameter of the base of the first formwork element relative to the vertical plane is determined; the formwork device is raised if the first deviation parameter is greater than a first predetermined threshold and the raising is stopped when the first deviation parameter is less than a second predetermined threshold.

[0050] The first deviation parameter is either a deviation angle or a distance. In this case, the first and second predetermined thresholds are either angular values ​​or distances.

[0051] The formwork system is preferably suspended from a support cable.

[0052] It is understood that during the raising of the formwork system, it returns to a vertical position, so that the raising brings the footing back against the trench wall and, consequently, eliminates the gap between the footing and the wall. Advantageously, the first formwork system is lowered again after the raising has stopped.

[0053] The concreting process according to the invention thus makes it possible to control the position, and in particular the verticality of the footing in the trench, during the concreting operation. If a deviation is detected by the measuring device, the position of the formwork is adjusted to reduce the deviation. This prevents the formation of a gap, or at least significantly reduces it, so as to prevent the concrete from trapping and blocking the formwork in the trench. In other words, the process according to the invention avoids the time-consuming operations of removing the formwork that would result from it becoming stuck in the trench during concreting. Brève description des dessins

[0054] The invention will be better understood upon reading the following description of embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [ Fig.1 ] There figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a formwork device according to the invention, comprising a deviation measurement device equipped with an inclinometer disposed in the box; [ Fig.2 ] There figure 2 is a top view of the formwork system of the figure 1 ; Fig.3 ] There figure 3 illustrates a step in the implementation of a concreting process according to the invention using the formwork device of the figure 1 ; Fig.4 ] There figure 4 illustrates the concreting process of the figure 3 , in which the formwork system deviated and deformed; [ Fig.5 ] There figure 5 illustrates the previous concreting process, in which the formwork is raised to correct the deviation; Fig.6 ] There figure 6 illustrates the previous concreting process, in which the formwork is lowered after the deviation has been corrected; Fig.7 ] There figure 7 illustrates a second embodiment of the formwork device according to the invention, equipped with a movable deviation measuring device; [ Fig.8 ] There figure 8 is a top view of the formwork system of the figure 7 ; Fig.9 ] There figure 9 illustrates a variant of the second embodiment, the formwork system comprising two formwork elements; [ Fig.10 ] There figure 10 is a front view of a third embodiment of the formwork device according to the invention; [ Fig.11 ] There figure 11 is a top view of the trench illustrating an example of formwork device deviation resulting from rotation around the Z-axis; Fig.12 ] There figure 12 illustrates, from a top view, the drilling stage under mud of a trench in soil; Fig.13 ] There figure 13 illustrates the installation of a formwork system according to the invention at one end of the trench; [ Fig.14 ] There figure 14 illustrates the concreting of the trench of the figure 13 ; Fig.15 ] There figure 15 illustrates the drilling under mud of a second trench adjacent to the first trench; Fig.16 ] There figure 16 illustrates, after concreting of the second trench and removal of the formwork, the juxtaposition of the first and second concrete wall elements; Fig.17 ] There figure 17 is a front view of a fourth embodiment of the formwork device according to the invention; [ Fig.18 ] There figure 18 is a top view of the formwork system of the figure 17 ; Fig.19 ] There figure 19 is a front view of a fifth embodiment of the formwork device according to the invention; and [ Fig.20 ] There figure 20 is a perspective view of the formwork system of the figure 19 . Description détaillée

[0055] On the figure 1 ,We have illustrated a first method of implementing a formwork system. 10 for one end 12 panel 14 of diaphragm wall.

[0056] The formwork system 10 is part of a formwork installation 500 in accordance with the present invention, visible in figure 3 , which also includes a receiving station 60, located on the surface, which will be described below.

[0057] On the figures 12 à 16 , An example of the implementation of a known process for constructing a diaphragm wall made up of two juxtaposed panels, using a formwork system, has been illustrated. 10.

[0058] The formwork system 10 extends along a longitudinal direction A which, in this example, extends along the vertical direction Z.

[0059] As illustrated in figure 1 ,the formwork system 10 includes a first formwork element 20 which includes a sole 22 extending along the longitudinal direction A. In this embodiment, the sole 22 has an external face 24 as well as an inner face 26 carrying a box 28 The box 28 also extends along the longitudinal direction A. As is known elsewhere, the casing includes a gasket holder (not shown here) to receive a sealing gasket. J. As illustrated in figure 14 , and, as is well known, the sealing gasket J Its function is to create a seal at the interface between the first and second diaphragm wall panels. E1, E2.

[0060] As can be seen on the figure 2 , the first formwork element 20It has a cross-section of roughly trapezoidal shape. The box 28 it, for its part, has a central part 30 equipped with a gasket holder 32, the central portion extending along the longitudinal direction A. The gasket holder is configured to receive a sealing gasket. J, known elsewhere.

[0061] The casing 28 it also includes a first lateral part 34 connecting the central part 30 to the sole 22, and a second lateral part 36, opposite the first lateral part 34, also connecting the central part 30 to the sole 22.

[0062] In accordance with the invention, the first formwork element 20 It also includes a measuring device 40 allowing us to determine at least one first deviation parameter representative of a possible deviation of the sole22 relative to a first vertical plane P1. In this example, the first vertical plane P1 is coplanar to the vertical wall 13 of the trench T1.

[0063] In this example, the measuring device 40 is attached to the casing 28. To do this, the box 28 includes an opening 29 in which the measuring device is inserted. As can be understood from the figure 2 , In this example, the opening 29 is provided in the first lateral part 34 of the box 28.

[0064] In this example, the measuring device 40 includes an inclinometer 42, for example, of the bi-axis type, comprising a measuring module 44 presenting roughly the same dimensions as the opening 29.

[0065] The first formwork element 20It also includes a signal transmission device 50 which is connected to the measuring device 40 to allow the transmission of the first deviation parameter to the receiving station 60 located on the surface.

[0066] Such a receiving station 60 is illustrated in figures 3 à 6 .

[0067] In this example, the signal transmission device 50 includes a cable 52 which is connected to the measuring device 40 on the one hand, and at the receiving station 60 on the other hand.

[0068] In this example, we can see that the cable 52 extends inside the box 28.

[0069] Moreover, the measuring device 40 is, in this example, positioned at a longitudinal end section 20 b of the first formwork element 20.This refers to the lower end portion of the first formwork element. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the measuring device 40 could be positioned in the middle of the length of the first formwork element 20.

[0070] As can be seen on the figure 2 , the measuring device 40 is integrated into the casing, the measurement module 44 extending essentially in the same plane as the first lateral part 34. Thanks to this arrangement, the presence of the measuring device 40 does not interfere with the sinking of the formwork device into the ground.

[0071] Furthermore, the cable 52 exits the casing through its upper longitudinal end 28 a, as illustrated in figure 1 .

[0072] Without departing from the scope of the present invention, and as will be seen below, the formwork device 10preferentially comprises several formwork elements fixed to each other by their longitudinal ends.

[0073] As is customary, formwork elements are fixed together on the construction site before the formwork system is driven into the ground. This allows for a long formwork system made up of multiple individual formwork elements. It follows that the formwork elements are brought to the site individually, which facilitates their handling.

[0074] On the figure 3 , The trench was illustrated using a cross-sectional view taken in a vertical plane. T1 concrete pouring is underway.

[0075] As explained above, prior to the concreting, the formwork system 10 according to the invention was inserted vertically into the trench T1 so that the sole 22,and more specifically its outer surface 24 come leaning against the small vertical wall 13 of the trench T1, which is also illustrated in figure 11 .

[0076] In this example, the formwork system 10 comprises three formwork elements fixed successively to one another, namely the first formwork element 20 As previously described, a second formwork element 20' and a third formwork element 20", the first, second and third formwork elements 20, 20', 20" being fixed to each other at their ends so as to form the formwork system 10.

[0077] It is therefore understood that the second formwork element 20' is attached to the first formwork element 20. Like the first formwork element, the second formwork element 20' includes a sole 22'extending along the longitudinal direction A and having an external face 24' as well as an inner face 26' carrying a box 28' extending also along the longitudinal direction A.

[0078] The second formwork element 20' It also includes a measuring device 40' allowing the determination of a second deviation parameter representative of the sole deviation 22' of the second formwork element 20' relative to the first vertical plane P1. The second formwork element also includes a signal transmission device. 50', including in this example a cable 52', connected to the measuring device 40' of the second formwork element 20' to transmit the second deviation parameter to the receiving station 60. As can be seen on the figure 3 ,the signal transmission device 50 of the first formwork element 20, and in particular the cable 52, extends inside the box 28' of the second formwork element 20'. Alternatively, a single BUS type cable could be provided, consisting of several cable sections - with one cable section per formwork element - connected to each other by means of fittings arranged between the formwork elements.

[0079] To do this, the common longitudinal end of the caissons 28 And 28' features openings to allow the cable 52 to enter the box 28'.

[0080] As previously explained, the formwork system 10 It also includes a third formwork element 20", similar to the first and second formwork elements 20, 20'. The third formwork element 20"also includes a measuring device 40" allowing the determination of a second deviation parameter representative of the sole deviation 22" of the second formwork element 20' relative to the first vertical plane P1.

[0081] It also includes a transmission device 50" connected to the measuring device 40" of the third formwork element 20" to transmit the third deviation parameter to the receiving station 60.

[0082] We observe on the figure 3 signal transmission devices 50, 50' of the first and second formwork elements 20, 20' pass through the box 28" of the third formwork element 20".

[0083] The cables 52, 52' And 52" of the first, second and third formwork elements 20, 20', 20" are therefore connected to the receiving station60 arranged on the surface.

[0084] The latter includes a screen 62 allowing the operator to view the first, second and third deviation parameters measured by the measuring devices 40, 40' And 40". The receiving station 60 also includes a computer 64 to receive data transmitted by the transmission devices.

[0085] More specifically, the cables 52, 52 And 52" The first, second, and third formwork elements are connected to the computer 64 from the receiving station 60.

[0086] The receiving station 60 is connected to the measuring devices 40, 40', 40" via transmission devices 50, 50', 50" of the first, second and third formwork elements 20, 20', 20".

[0087] As mentioned above, the receiving station 60 includes a screen62 to display the value of the first deviation parameter, and if applicable, the values ​​of the second and third deviation parameters.

[0088] The installation 500 It also includes a support cable C which is preferably fixed to the upper longitudinal end 10 has the formwork system 10 via a lifting head 11 added, which is attached to the formwork element. This support cable C is connected to a support, known from elsewhere and not shown here, positioned on the surface and allowing the formwork device to be supported and moved 10.

[0089] With the help of figures 3 à 5 , We will now describe a concreting process according to the present invention.

[0090] On the figure 3 ,The beginning of the concreting process was illustrated. The formwork system was then placed in the trench. T1, so that the formwork system 10 is leaning against the wall 13 of the trench T1, the formwork system 10 being positioned in a substantially vertical manner, the lower longitudinal end 10 b of the formwork system 10 based on the background 15 of the trench T1.

[0091] On the figure 3 , the formwork system 10 It therefore extends in a roughly vertical direction. According to the concreting process, concrete is placed in the trench. T1 using a pipe 70 connected to a concrete reservoir, not shown here.

[0092] According to the invention, during the placement of concrete in the trench T1, at least one deviation parameter of the sole is determined22 of the first formwork element 20 relative to the first vertical plane P1. In the configuration of the figure 3 , no deviation is measured in the vertical plane YZ in relation to the plan P1.

[0093] As illustrated in figure 3 , the bottom 15 of the trench T1 is not perfectly flat due to the presence of irregularities, so that, during concreting, concrete can flow between the wall 13 of the trench T1 and the outer face 24 of the sole 22. It is also possible that concrete will flow around the sides of the footing. 22 because the largest faces of the wall are not perfectly flat either. This results in the concrete becoming lodged between the wall 13 and the sole 22, as illustrated in figure 4 .This can cause the sole to deflect 22. In the example of the figure 4 , The deviation consists of a pivoting of the formwork device in the vertical plane YZ.

[0094] According to the concreting process according to the invention, if the deviation parameter is greater than a first predetermined threshold, the first formwork device is raised vertically by acting on the support cable. C, as illustrated in figure 5 , and the upward movement is stopped when the deviation parameter falls below a second predetermined threshold. This second predetermined threshold can be equal to the first predetermined threshold or slightly lower than the first threshold. In the illustration of the figure 5 , the formwork system 10 returned to its almost vertical position after being slightly raised, so that there is no concrete between the footing 22and the end 13 of the wall. This will facilitate formwork removal and ensure sufficient continuity between the two adjacent panels. Preferably, as illustrated in figure 6 , we lower the formwork system 10 after correction of its deviation.

[0095] According to a first example, the deviation parameter of the base of the first formwork element 20 relative to the first vertical plane P1 is an angle of deviation α1, corresponding to a rotation around the horizontal axis X. This angle is considered in a vertical plane. In this example, the first predetermined threshold is 2°, while the second predetermined threshold is 1°. These values ​​are given as examples for a depth of 10 meters. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the second predetermined threshold could be equal to the first predetermined threshold.

[0096] According to another example, as illustrated in figure 11 , the deviation parameter of the base of the first formwork element 20 relative to the first vertical plane P1 is an angle of deviation β, corresponding to a rotation around the vertical axis Z. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the measuring device can determine a deviation resulting from the combination of a rotation around the vertical axis Z and a rotation around the axis X.

[0097] According to one variant, the first deviation parameter is representative of the sole deviation 22 relative to the first vertical plane P1 is constituted by the displacement value d1 considered in the horizontal direction Y, between the first vertical plane P1 and the measuring device 40.For example, the first predetermined threshold will be 40 cm, while the second predetermined threshold will be 20 cm. Knowing the depth of the measuring device 40, It is possible to determine an angle of deviation. α1 of the sole relative to the first vertical plane P1.

[0098] Similarly, the formwork system 10 illustrated in figure 4 , possessing two other measuring devices 40', 40" arranged on the second and third formwork elements 20', 20", allow us to determine a second deviation parameter α2 Or d2 representative of the sole deviation 22' relative to the first vertical plane P1, and a third deviation parameter α3 Or d3 representative of the sole deviation 22" relative to the first vertical plane P1.

[0099] Consequently, knowing the depth of the measuring devices 40' And 40", as well as the distances d2 And d3, It is also possible to determine several values ​​for the angles of deviation.

[0100] It should be noted that the outer faces of the soles 22, 22' And 22" are not necessarily coplanar, particularly when the formwork system is very long. Also, the angles of deviation α1, α2 And α3 are not necessarily equal, as has been schematized in figure 4 . The deviations illustrated on the figure 4 have been deliberately exaggerated to improve the readability of the figure.

[0101] The angles of deviation α1, α2 And α3, and / or each of the distances d1, d2 And d3 constituting deviation parameters determined by the measuring devices 40, 40' And 40"can be calculated by the computer 64 and displayed on the screen 62 of the station 60.

[0102] With the help of figures 7 à 9 , We will now describe a second embodiment of the formwork system. 110 according to the invention. The formwork device 110 extends along a longitudinal direction A and includes a first formwork element 120 which includes a sole 122 extending along the longitudinal direction A and having an external face 124 as well as an inner face 126 carrying a box 128 extending along the longitudinal direction A. The casing 128 includes a gasket holder 129 designed to receive a sealing gasket J.

[0103] In this example, the first formwork element 120 includes a coupling device 101allowing the first formwork element to be connected and positioned 120 to another formwork element. In this example, the coupling device has two lugs. 102 which extend from the upper longitudinal end 128 has a subwoofer 128. The coupling device also includes two orifices arranged at the lower longitudinal end. 128 b of the box 128 housing 103 and designed to receive, through a cooperative form, the spurs 102 from another formwork element.

[0104] The first formwork element 120 It also includes a measuring device 140 allowing the determination of a first deviation parameter representative of the sole deviation 122 relative to the first vertical plane P1.

[0105] Similar to the first embodiment, the first formwork element 120It also includes a signal transmission device 150, including a cable 152 which is connected to the device 140 to transmit the first deviation parameter to a receiving station located on the surface.

[0106] Unlike the first embodiment, the measuring device 140 of the first formwork element 120 of the formwork system 110 According to the second example, it is mobile relative to the box 128 along the longitudinal direction A. This second embodiment therefore has the advantage of allowing the determination of any deviation of the formwork system at different depths. It thus allows for a more precise measurement than the first embodiment, provided that the measuring device can be positioned at one or more desired depths.

[0107] To do this, the first formwork element120 includes a guide tube 170 extending along the longitudinal direction A, parallel to the box. The measuring device 140 is connected to a displacement device 172, In this example, it consists of a cable that can be moved inside the guide tube along its longitudinal axis. The cable is connected to a surface-mounted actuator (not shown here), which is controlled by the operator.

[0108] In the example of implementation of the figures 7 à 9 , the guide tube 170 is placed in the box 128. In this example, we understand that the guide tube 170 extends along the entire length of the casing 128.

[0109] By referring to the figure 8 , It is observed that, in this embodiment, the guide tube 170 is positioned approximately at the center of the box in question in a plane perpendicular to the external face124 of the sole 122.

[0110] Without departing from the scope of the present invention, the guide tube 170 could be arranged differently inside the box.

[0111] In figure 9 , We illustrated a formwork system 110 including a second formwork element 120' which is positioned below the first formwork element 120. We observe that the spurs 102' of the second formwork element 120' are inserted into the orifices 103 of the first formwork element 120.

[0112] The second formwork element 120' includes a sole 122' which extends along the longitudinal direction A. It has an outer face 124' as well as an inner face containing a box 128' extending along the longitudinal direction A. The measuring device 140is mobile relative to the casing 128' of the second formwork element along the longitudinal direction A. In this example, the guide tube 170 extends into the compartments 128, 128' of the first and second formwork elements 120, 120'.

[0113] According to one variant, the guide tube 170 may consist of two sections of tube, each being placed in one of the boxes of the first and second formwork elements, the sections of guide tube being aligned with each other when the first and second formwork elements are fixed to each other, in order to be able to pass the measuring device from one formwork element to the other.

[0114] There figure 10 illustrates a third example of a formwork system 210 according to the invention, which is a variant of the second embodiment of the formwork device 110.

[0115] The formwork system 210 According to the third embodiment, it differs from the second embodiment in that the guide tube 270, in which the measuring device 240 is mobile, is positioned outside the casing. To do this, the guide tube 270 is fixed to the outer face 226 and / or to a side part of the casing 228.

[0116] On the figures 17 And 18 , A fourth embodiment of the formwork system has been illustrated. 310 according to the invention. Similar to the other embodiments described above, the formwork device 310 includes at least one first formwork element 320 including a sole 322 having an external face 324 and a subwoofer 328. More specifically, in this embodiment, the first formwork element 320It comprises two parallel tubular caissons extending along the longitudinal direction. The base here is in the form of a plate whose thickness is less than the diameter of the caisson. 328.

[0117] A measuring device 340, similar to those previously described, is arranged in the box 328. It can be fixed or mobile relative to the casing.

[0118] On the figures 19 And 20 , A fifth embodiment of the formwork system has been illustrated. 410 according to the invention. Similar to the other embodiments described above, the formwork device 410 includes at least one first formwork element 420 including a sole 422 having an external face 424 and a subwoofer 428. More specifically, in this embodiment, the sole 422 forms one face of the box 428,the latter having a beveled end in this example.

[0119] A measuring device 440, similar to those previously described, is arranged in the box 428. It can be fixed or mobile relative to the casing.

Claims

1. A formwork device (10) for an end of a panel of a molded wall, said formwork device extending along a longitudinal direction (A) and comprising at least one first formwork element (20) including: a base (22) extending along the longitudinal direction (A) and having an outer face (24), a casing (28) cooperating with the base and extending along the longitudinal direction; the first formwork element further including: at least one measuring device (40) fixed to the casing (28) and configured to determine at least one first deviation parameter (α1, d1, β) representative of the deviation of the base (22) with respect to a first vertical plane (P1); and a signal-transmitting device (50) connected to the measuring device (40) to transmit the first deviation parameter (α1, d1, β) to a receiving station (60) located at the surface.

2. The formwork device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casing (28) includes an opening (29) into which the measuring device is inserted.

3. The formwork device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the casing (28) includes: a central part (30) equipped with a seal carrier (32) and extending along the longitudinal direction (A), and at least one lateral part connecting the central part to the base, the opening (29) being made in the lateral part.

4. The formwork device as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the measuring device (40) comprises at least one inclinometer (42).

5. The formwork device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the signal-transmitting device (50) comprises a cable (52,152) connected to the measuring device (40,140).

6. The formwork device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the cable (52) extends inside the casing (28).

7. The formwork device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the measuring device (40) is disposed at a longitudinal end part (20b) of the first formwork element (20).

8. The formwork device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a second formwork element (20') fixed to the first formwork element (20), the second formwork element (20') comprising: a base (22') extending along the longitudinal direction (A) and having an outer face; a casing (28') cooperating with the base and extending along the longitudinal direction (A); at least one measuring device (40') configured to determine a second deviation parameter representative of the deviation of the base (22') of the second formwork element (20') with respect to the first vertical plane (P1); and a signal-transmitting device (50') connected to the measuring device (40') of the second formwork element (20') to transmit the second deviation parameter to the receiving station (60).

9. The formwork device as claimed in claim 8, wherein the signal-transmitting device (50) of the first formwork element (20) extends inside the casing (28') of the second formwork element (20').

10. A formwork device (110, 210, 310, 410) for an end of a panel of a molded wall, said formwork device extending along a longitudinal direction (A) and comprising at least one first formwork element (120, 220, 320, 420) including: a base (122, 222, 322, 422) extending along the longitudinal direction (A) and having an outer face (24), a casing (128, 228) cooperating with the base and extending along the longitudinal direction; the first formwork element further including: at least one measuring device (140, 240, 340, 440) configured to determine at least one first deviation parameter (α1, d1, β) representative of the deviation of the base (122, 222, 322, 422) with respect to a first vertical plane (P1), the measuring device (140, 240) being movable with respect to the casing (128, 228) along the longitudinal direction (A); and a signal-transmitting device (50) connected to the measuring device (140, 240, 340, 440) to transmit the first deviation parameter (α1, d1, β) to a receiving station (60) located at the surface.

11. The formwork device as claimed in claim 10, wherein the first formwork element (120) includes a guiding tube (170,270) extending along the longitudinal direction (A), the measuring device (140,240) being connected to a displacement device to be displaced inside the guiding tube along the longitudinal direction.

12. The formwork device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the guiding tube (170) is disposed in the casing (128).

13. The formwork device as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 12, further comprising a second formwork element (120') fixed to the first formwork element (120), the second formwork element comprising: a base (122') extending along the longitudinal direction (A) and having an outer face; a casing (128') cooperating with the base and extending along the longitudinal direction (A); wherein the measuring device (140) is movable with respect to the casing (128') of the second formwork element (120) along the longitudinal direction.

14. The formwork device as claimed in claims 12 and 13, wherein the guiding tube (170) extends inside the casings (128, 128') of the first and second formwork elements (120, 120').

15. The formwork device as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first parameter measured is an angle of deviation (α1) between the longitudinal direction (A) and the first vertical plane (P1), an angle of deviation (β) between a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction (A) and the first vertical plane (P1), or else a distance (d1) between the first vertical plane (P1) and the outer face of the base, considered in a horizontal plane.

16. A formwork installation (500) comprising a formwork device (10,110,210) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, and a receiving station (60) connected to the measuring device (40, 140, 240) via the signal-transmitting device (50) of at least the first formwork element.

17. The formwork installation as claimed in claim 16, wherein the receiving station (60) includes a screen (62) to display the value of the first deviation parameter.

18. The installation as claimed in claim 16 or 17, comprising a formwork device as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that it further includes means (172) for translationally displacing the measuring device (140, 240) with respect to the casing (128, 228).

19. A concreting method comprising: introducing at least one formwork device into a trench, said formwork device extending along a longitudinal direction (A) and comprising at least one first formwork element (20, 120, 220, 320, 420) including: a base (22, 122, 222, 322, 422) extending along the longitudinal direction (A) and having an outer face (24), a casing (28, 128, 228) cooperating with the base and extending along the longitudinal direction; the first formwork element further including: at least one measuring device (40, 140, 240, 340, 440) configured to determine at least one first deviation parameter (α1, d1, β) representative of the deviation of the base (22, 122, 222, 322, 422) with respect to a first vertical plane (P1); and a signal-transmitting device (50) connected to the measuring device (40, 140, 240, 340, 440) to transmit the first deviation parameter (α1, d1, β) to a receiving station (60) located at the surface, putting concrete in the trench and, during placement of the concrete in the trench: determining at least one first deviation parameter of the base of the first formwork element with respect to the vertical plane; raising the formwork device if the first deviation parameter is greater than a first predetermined threshold, and stopping the raising when the first deviation parameter is less than a second predetermined threshold.

20. The concreting method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the first formwork device is lowered after the raising is stopped.