QUICK COUPLING BUSHING

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a female quick coupling element.

[0002] Quick couplings are fluid connection devices comprising a female element and a mating male element. Each of the male and female elements includes an internal passage, the internal passages being in fluid communication when the coupling is in the connected configuration. The female element most often includes a locking device, which engages when the male and female elements are connected, so as to hold the coupling in the connected configuration, hence the name quick coupling.

[0003] We are interested here in cases where the male element is a hose, that is to say a flexible pipe, in which a fluid circulates under high pressure. Such quick locking devices present a danger of untimely uncoupling under pressure, which could be a source of breakdown or incident for the installation.

[0004] In some applications, the hose is connected to the female element and then disconnected repeatedly. In addition, hoses are usually made of polymer material and have slightly varying thicknesses.

[0005] It is known to use balls or rings that contact the outer surface of a pipe and penetrate the outer wall of the pipe to lock it in the female element. This type of locking concentrates locking forces on reduced surfaces, which tends to mark the pipe or not induce sufficient gripping force to retain the pipe in the female element.

[0006] For example, it is known from DE1525854 to use a hose connector comprising a hollow connecting cannula secured to a body of a female connecting element, and an outer ring held elastically on the front of the female element. This ring comprises an inner collar, which clamps the hose directly on the cannula. The outer ring is held on the front by a spring which presses the hose against the cannula, via the inner collar. The operator must act by axial traction on the ring to unlock the connector. The cooperation of the collar and the cannula has the disadvantage of marking the hose and stressing it axially by friction, in addition to representing too great a tensile force for the user. On the other hand, the direct application of a reduced force of the spring, through the ring, does not represent a reliable means of retaining the hose when the pressure is established.

[0007] US-3 188 123-A describes, for its part, a connection comprising locking pins 33, which are pushed into a retaining position by a sleeve 43.

[0008] It is these problems that the invention aims to address more specifically by proposing a female quick coupling element which allows secure coupling, including on pipes with slightly varying thicknesses.

[0009] To this end, the invention relates to a female quick coupling element, configured to connect to a flexible pipe, the female element comprising: a body: which extends along a longitudinal axis and which defines a receiving volume for the flexible pipe, the receiving volume having a shape of revolution around the longitudinal axis and emerging from the body through a mouth, the mouth defining a front side of the female element, which comprises a stop surface, which is located in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and which is oriented towards the front of the female element, the stop surface delimiting the receiving volume on the rear side of the female element, the rear side being opposite the front side, and a cannula: which is integral with the female element body and which extends into the receiving volume from the stop surface, which comprises a hollow body having a shape of revolution around the longitudinal axis, the hollow body delimiting a channel which opens, on the one hand, on the front side of the female element and, on the other hand, into a passage provided in the female element on the rear side,and which includes an external surface. ,

[0010] According to the invention, the female element also comprises: at least one radial opening, each radial opening being provided in the body of the female element along a guide axis radial to the longitudinal axis, each radial opening opening into the receiving volume, and at least one lock, each lock being received in a respective radial opening and being movable in translation relative to the body along the corresponding guide axis between a first position, in which this lock enters the receiving volume, and a second position, in which this lock is further from the longitudinal axis than in the first position, each lock comprising an internal surface for clamping the pipe oriented towards the longitudinal axis opposite the external surface of the cannula, and a return member, configured to return each lock to its first position, and an operating ring,which is arranged around the body coaxially with the longitudinal axis and which is movable in translation relative to the body along the longitudinal axis, between a locking position and an unlocking position, , while : each lock comprises pins, each of which extends in a direction orthogonal to the corresponding guide axis and orthoradial to the longitudinal axis, the operating ring comprises guide grooves, which cooperate with the pins of each lock, the guide grooves associated with each lock being geometrically carried by a guide plane inclined relative to the longitudinal axis, so that: each lock is driven from its second position to its first position when the operating ring is moved from its unlocking position to its locking position, and each lock is driven from its first position to its second position when the operating ring is moved from its locking position to its unlocking position.

[0011] Thanks to the invention, the movements of the locks are controlled by the operating ring, come to bear against the pipe and exert a bearing force orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, reducing the risks of marking the pipe. In the event of repeated connections and disconnections, the risks of leaks and / or rupture of the pipe are reduced. In addition, the movement of the locks makes it possible to compensate for dimensional clearances, in particular variations in the thickness of the pipes. The bearing force, which is exerted by the return member and transmitted by the locks, depends little on variations in the thickness of the pipes, the coupling is thus secure. Finally, the use of inclined guide grooves makes it possible, by multiplying the forces, to apply a significant locking force to the pipe without degrading the ease of disconnection of the coupling by the operation of the locking ring.

[0012] According to advantageous but not mandatory aspects of the invention, such a female element may incorporate one or more of the following characteristics taken in isolation or in any technically admissible combination: The return member is configured to return the operating ring to its locking position, and in that the operating ring drives each lock to its first position when the return member returns the operating ring to its locking position. The guide grooves move away from the longitudinal axis as they approach the front of the female element, the unlocking position of the operating ring being an axially retracted position, along the longitudinal axis, relative to the locking position. The return member applies to each lock a centripetal force, which tends to move each lock from its second position to its first position. The cannula has a circumferential bulge which is radially aligned with the internal clamping surface of each lock relative to the longitudinal axis.The inner clamping surface of each lock geometrically extends from the rear side of a first clamping plane, which is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, while the cannula comprises a circumferential bulge, which is provided on the outer surface of the cannula and which is located in front of the first clamping plane of each lock. The circumferential bulge comprises: a flared proximal portion, which is divergent towards the front of the female element and which is arranged opposite each lock, and a flared distal portion diverging towards the rear of the female element. The proximal portion of the bulge is delimited, towards the rear, by a second clamping plane, which is parallel to the first clamping plane, while the first clamping plane and the second clamping plane are separated by an interval of less than 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm.The outer surface of the cannula comprises a clamping portion, which is located at the rear of the proximal portion of the circumferential bulge and which extends opposite the inner clamping surface of each lock, while the clamping portion and the inner surface delimit between them an annular clamping space, and the clamping portion has the shape of a cylinder of circular section. The female element comprises: a valve, which is partly received in the passage and which is movable relative to the body between an advanced position, in which the valve closes the passage, and a retracted position, in which the valve does not close the passage, a second return member, which returns the valve to its advanced position, while the valve is configured to move from the advanced position to the retracted position when a pipe is fitted onto the cannula and abuts against the abutment surface.The body has a housing, which opens onto the stop surface, while the female element comprises a control member, which is received in the housing and which is movable in translation relative to the body parallel to the longitudinal axis, between an emerged position, in which a front portion of the control member emerges from the stop surface, and a withdrawn position, in which the front portion does not emerge from the stop surface, and the control member is configured to push the valve from the advanced position to the retracted position when the pipe is fitted onto the cannula and moves the front portion of the control member from its emerged position to its withdrawn position.The body comprises a first viewing light, which extends through the body along a sighting axis radial to the longitudinal axis, which is arranged in front of the stop surface, the first light opening into the receiving volume, while the first light is arranged so as to allow observation, through the first light, of the control member in the emerged position. The operating ring comprises a second viewing light, which extends through the operating ring along a passage axis parallel to the sighting axis, while the second light is arranged to coincide with the first light, when the operating ring is in the unlocked position, so as to allow observation through the first light, of the control member in the emerged position.The operating ring comprises a transparent portion, the transparent portion covering the first light and the second light when the operating ring is in the unlocked position. The female element comprises a lever, which is mounted to rotate relative to the body about a pivot axis between a raised position and a lowered position, the pivot axis being orthoradial to the longitudinal axis, while the lever comprises a guide portion, which cooperates with the operating ring so as to drive the operating ring from the locking position to the unlocked position, when the lever is driven about its pivot axis between its raised position and its lowered position.

[0013] The invention will be better understood, and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the following description of several embodiments of a female quick-connection element, in accordance with its principle, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which: [ Fig 1 ] there figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a quick coupling, according to a first embodiment of the invention, comprising a female element and an associated male element, shown in a first so-called uncoupled configuration; [ Fig 2 ] there figure 2 represents, on two inserts a) and b), a lock belonging to the female element of the figure 1 , represented respectively in perspective and in exploded perspective; [ Fig 3 ] there figure 3 is a partial perspective view of a body of the female element of the figure 1 , observed along an arrow III at the figure 1 ; [ Fig 4 ] there figure 4 is a perspective view of an operating ring of the female element of the figure 1 , observed according to an arrow IV at the figure 1 ; [ Fig 5 ] there figure 5 is a side view of the female element of the figure 1 , some parts being hidden; [ Fig 6 ] there figure 6 represents, on two inserts a) and b), the quick connection of the figure 1 in a second configuration, the quick connector being shown respectively in longitudinal section and in side view, certain parts being hidden; [ Fig 7 ] there figure 7 represents, on two inserts a) and b), the quick connection of the figure 1 in a third configuration, the quick connector being shown respectively in longitudinal section and in side view, certain parts being hidden; [ Fig 8 ] there figure 8 represents, on two inserts a) and b), the quick connection of the figure 1 in a fourth configuration called coupled, the quick connector being shown respectively in longitudinal section and in side view, certain parts being hidden; [ Fig 9 ] there figure 9 represents respectively, on two inserts a) and b), a longitudinal section of quick couplings conforming to a second mode and a third mode of embodiment of the invention, the quick couplings being represented in a coupled configuration similar to that of the figure 8 for the first embodiment; [ Fig 10 ] there figure 10 represents respectively, on three inserts a), b) and c), a lock of a quick coupling according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, represented respectively in perspective and in exploded perspective, and a side view of the female element of the quick coupling of the fourth embodiment, certain parts being hidden, and [ Fig 11 ] there figure 11 represents respectively, on three inserts a), b) and c), a lever belonging to a quick coupling according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, in perspective, in side view in an uncoupled configuration similar to that of the figure 1 for the first embodiment and in side view in a second configuration similar to that of the figure 6 for the first embodiment.

[0014] There figure 1 represents a fitting R, which comprises a male element, here a pipe 10, on the left of the figure 1 , and an associated female element 100, on the right of the figure 1 . The connector R is here shown in an uncoupled configuration, in which the pipe 10 and the female element 100 are separated from each other.

[0015] The pipe 10 is a flexible pipe, also called a “hose”. Only an end portion of the pipe 10 is shown in the figures, this end portion being considered rectilinear. The pipe 10 is here centered on a pipe axis A10. The pipe 10 comprises an inner surface 12A, of cylindrical shape with a circular section and characterized by an inner diameter d10, an outer surface 12B, also of cylindrical shape with a circular section and characterized by an outer diameter D10. The pipe 10 also has a front face 14, which connects the inner surface 12A and the outer surface 12B and which is oriented towards the female element 100 when the female element 100 is connected to the pipe 10. The pipe 10 has a thickness E10 measured radially to the axis A10, between the outer surface 12B and the inner surface 12A. The pipe 10 is made of an elastically deformable polymer material. The pipe 10 is for example manufactured by extrusion.Due to manufacturing variations and / or deformations of the pipe 10 during its use, the dimensions of the pipe 10, namely the inner diameter d10, the outer diameter D10 and the thickness E10, exhibit variations, for example of ±10%.

[0016] The female element 100 of the quick connector R is now described.

[0017] The female element 100 comprises a body 102, which has a generally revolution shape around a longitudinal axis A100. In the configuration of the figure 1 , the longitudinal axis A100 is aligned with the pipe axis A10 and these aligned axes together define a fitting axis of the fitting R.

[0018] The body 102 is here made in two parts and comprises a proximal part 104, in which is formed a threaded hole 105 intended to fix a fluid pipe thereto, and a distal part 106, which is here assembled to the proximal part 104 by screwing. The fluid pipe is not shown. The threaded hole 105 defines a rear side of the body 102 and, by extension, a rear side of the female element 100. A front side is a side opposite the rear side. The body 102 of the female element 100 is hollow and delimits a fluid passage V100. The fluid passage V100 opens here, on the rear side, through the threaded hole 105.

[0019] Generally speaking, it is specified that for a given first axis, an axis radial to this first axis is an axis orthogonal to this first axis. A plane transverse to this first axis is a plane orthogonal to this first axis. An axis orthoradial to this first axis is an axis which is carried by a plane transverse to this first axis and which is not intersecting this first axis.

[0020] The female element 100 also comprises a cannula 120. The cannula 120 is secured to the body 102. In the example illustrated, the cannula 120 is assembled by screwing to the proximal part 104. The cannula 120 comprises a base 122, by means of which the cannula 120 is assembled to the proximal part 104, and a front portion 124, which has an elongated shape and which extends parallel to the longitudinal axis A100 and which is configured to be fitted into the pipe 10.

[0021] The base 122 provides a stop surface 125, which is oriented forward and from which the front portion 124 extends. The stop surface 125 is located in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis A100. When the pipe 10 is fitted onto the front portion 124, the stop surface 125 limits the amplitude of movement of the pipe 10 towards the rear of the female element 100, parallel to the longitudinal axis A100.

[0022] The distal portion 106 here provides a mounting volume V106, which houses a subassembly comprising the cannula 120 and the proximal portion 104. In the example illustrated, the distal portion 106 comprises a shoulder 108, which is provided in the mounting volume V106 and which is oriented towards the rear, the abutment surface 125 bearing against the shoulder 108. The shoulder 108 is therefore aligned, along the longitudinal axis A100, with the abutment surface 125.

[0023] On the front side of the abutment surface 125, the distal portion 106 comprises a projection 110, which has a shape of revolution around the longitudinal axis A100, which extends forwards at a distance from the cannula 120 and which provides a receiving volume V110 for the pipe 10. The receiving volume V110 is configured to receive the pipe 10 when the pipe 10 is fitted onto the cannula 120. The receiving volume V110 has a shape of revolution around the longitudinal axis A100, is delimited on the rear side by the abutment surface 125 and opens out of the body 102, towards the front, by a mouth 126. The mouth 126 is preferably circular and has a diameter greater than the external diameter D10 of the pipe 10.

[0024] The cannula 120 has a shape of revolution around the longitudinal axis A100 and provides a channel V120. The channel V120 is therefore centered on the longitudinal axis A100. The cannula 120 is fluidically connected to the proximal portion 104. The channel V120 opens, on the one hand, on the front side of the female element 100 and, on the other hand, into the passage V100.

[0025] The cannula 120 includes an outer surface that extends into the receiving volume V110. The outer surface of the cannula 120 is configured to engage the pipe 10. The inner surface 12A of the pipe 10 is received on the outer cannula surface when the pipe 10 is engaged on the cannula 120. The outer cannula surface is configured to receive the inner surface 12A of the pipe in that the end of the front portion 124 of the cannula 120 has a diameter close to or less than the inner diameter d10 of the pipe 10.

[0026] A circumferential bulge 128 is advantageously provided projecting from the front portion 124 of the cannula 120. The circumferential bulge 128 is configured to cooperate with the internal surface 12A of the pipe 10, so as to improve the seal between the pipe 10 and the cannula 120 and to retain the internal surface 12A of the pipe fitted onto the cannula 120. In the first embodiment, the circumferential bulge 128 is arranged at a front end of the front portion 124 of the cannula 120. The circumferential bulge 128 comprises, successively starting from the mouth of the cannula 120 and moving rearwardly, a distal portion 129A, which is divergent towards the rear of the female element 100 and which is configured to facilitate fitting of the cannula 120 in the pipe 10, and a proximal portion 129B, which is divergent towards the front of the female element 100.On the rear side, the proximal portion 129B is delimited by a first clamping plane P129, which is a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis A100.

[0027] When the pipe 10 is fitted onto the cannula 120, the pipe 10 deforms elastically and accommodates the passage of the circumferential bulge 128. It is considered that the internal surface 12A of the pipe 10 matches the external surface of the cannula 10, in particular matches the profile of the bulge 128 by elastic deformation so as to produce a sealing section between the pipe 10 and the cannula 120.

[0028] The body 102 also comprises at least one radial opening 130. In the example illustrated, the body 102 comprises two radial openings 130, which are arranged through the projection 110. Each radial opening 130 is arranged in the body 102 along a respective guide axis A130. Each guide axis A130 is radial to the longitudinal axis A100. Each radial opening 130 opens into the receiving volume V110. The two radial openings 130 are here diametrically opposite each other with respect to the longitudinal axis A100, which means that the two guide axes A130 are aligned. The guide axes A130 are located in a longitudinal plane P100 of the female element 100, the longitudinal plane P100 being the section plane of the figure 1 .

[0029] In the illustrated example, each radial opening 130 has, in a plane orthogonal to the corresponding guide axis A130, a generally rectangular section.

[0030] Each radial opening 130 thus comprises two transverse walls 132A, which extend opposite each other orthogonally to the longitudinal axis A100, and two lateral walls 132B, which extend opposite each other parallel to the longitudinal axis A100. The transverse walls 132A and the lateral walls 132B are parallel to the corresponding guide axis A130. In other words, each radial opening 130 has walls 132A and 132B which are parallel to the corresponding guide axis A130.

[0031] Advantageously, clearances 134 are provided perpendicular to the two side walls 132B. The clearances 134 are here produced by milling and each have a semi-cylindrical shape, the clearances 134 being centered on an axis orthoradial to the longitudinal axis A100.

[0032] Optionally, fillets 136 are provided at each of the junctions between the side walls 132B and the clearances 134. The fillets 136 are here rounded machinings, provided by drillings parallel to the corresponding guide axis A130.

[0033] Each radial opening 130 receives a lock 140, each lock 140 being movable in translation relative to the body 102 of the female element 100 in a direction parallel to the guide axis A130 of the radial opening 130 in which this lock 140 is received.

[0034] Advantageously, the body 102 comprises a first viewing light 138, which extends through the body 102 along a viewing axis A138 radial to the longitudinal axis A100. The first light 138 here has a cylindrical shape of substantially rectangular section, the first light 138 being arranged in its length transversely to the longitudinal axis A100. The first light 138 is formed in front of the abutment surface 125. The first light 138 opens into the receiving volume V110. The first light 138 opens outside the body 102. The first light 138 is arranged so as to allow observation, through the first light 138, of a portion of the abutment surface 125.

[0035] In the example illustrated, the body 102 comprises two first slots 138, which are arranged between each of the radial openings 130 and the stop surface 125, the sight axes A138 being parallel to the guide axes A130.

[0036] A lock 140 is shown isolated on the figure 2 .

[0037] The locks 140 are now described with particular reference to the figure 2 The two locks 140 of the female element 102 are preferably identical to each other.

[0038] Each lock 140 has a peripheral surface 142 centered on a lock axis A140. When a lock 140 is received in one of the radial openings 130, the lock axis A140 of this lock coincides with the radial axis A130 of the corresponding radial opening 130. The peripheral surface 142 is configured to cooperate with the transverse 132A and lateral 132B walls of the radial opening 130, in particular by complementarity of shapes, so as to guide the lock 140, received in the corresponding radial opening 130, in translation along the merged axes A130 and A140.

[0039] In the example, the peripheral surface 142 has, in section in a plane orthogonal to the lock axis A140, a rectangular profile. The peripheral surface 142 comprises a distal face 144, which is oriented towards the mouth 126 when the lock 140 is received in the corresponding radial opening 130, a proximal face 146, which is oriented opposite the distal face 144 and therefore oriented on the opposite side of the mouth 126, the distal face 144 and the proximal face 146 being connected to each other by two lateral faces 148. The distal 144, proximal 146 and lateral 148 faces are preferably planar. The distal face 144 is geometrically carried by a second clamping plane P144, which is a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis A100 when the female element 100 is assembled.

[0040] In the mounted configuration of the lock 140 in a radial opening 130, its distal 144 and proximal 146 faces are in sliding contact with the transverse walls 132A of this opening, while its lateral faces 148 are in sliding contact with the lateral walls 132B of this opening.

[0041] Each lock 140 also comprises an internal surface 150, which is here a generally concave surface crossed by the corresponding lock axis A140. The internal surface 150 is oriented towards the longitudinal axis A100 opposite the external surface of the cannula 120 when the lock 140 is received in the associated radial opening 130. Each lock 140 also comprises an external face 151, which is oriented opposite the internal face 150 along the lock axis A140.

[0042] As explained below, each internal surface 150 is configured to bear on the external surface 12B of the pipe 10 when the pipe 10 is fitted onto the cannula 120, so as to clamp the pipe 10 and prevent it from sliding on the cannula 120. Each internal surface 150 is therefore a clamping surface of the corresponding lock 140.

[0043] For convenience, a median plane P140 of the lock 140 is defined as being a plane parallel to the distal face 144 and containing the lock axis A140. The median plane P140 is here a plane of symmetry of the lock 140. In the example illustrated, each internal surface 150 is a portion of a cylinder of circular section and centered on an axis A150 orthogonal to the median plane P140. The internal surface 150 has a diameter substantially equal to the diameter of the mouth 126.

[0044] The internal surface 150 has, in projection onto the median plane P140, a profile in the form of an arc of a circle centered on the axis A150. A clamping angle α150 is defined as being the angle of this arc of a circle measured around the axis A150 on which this arc of a circle is centered. The clamping angle α150 is as large as possible, so as to increase a contact surface between each lock 140 and the pipe 10. Thus, the clamping angle α150 is greater than or equal to 90°, preferably greater than or equal to 120°, more preferably greater than or equal to 160°. In the example illustrated, the clamping angle α150 is equal to 160°.

[0045] On the figure 1 , the locks 140 are shown in section. For each lock 140, the internal face 150 is connected to the corresponding distal 144 and proximal 146 faces by two respective rounded edges 153, so as to reduce the risks of marking the pipe 10 when the latter is held by the locks 140, as explained later.

[0046] A through bore 152 is provided through each lock 140, the bore 152 opening onto each of the lateral faces 148 of the lock. The bore 152 is centered on an axis A152, which is parallel to the median plane P140 and orthogonal to the lock axis A140. In other words, in the assembled configuration of the female element 100, the axis A152 of the bore 152 is orthoradial to the longitudinal axis A100.

[0047] Each lock 140 comprises a rod 154, which is received in the corresponding bore 152 and which protrudes from each of the lateral faces 148, so as to form two guide pins 156. The rod 154 is here held in the bore 152 by means of a pressure screw 158 inserted in a tapping 159 which opens onto the external face 151. When the female element 100 is assembled, the pins 156 of each lock 150 thus extend in the direction of the axis A152 of the bore 152, in other words in a direction orthogonal to the radial axis A130 of the corresponding radial opening 130.

[0048] A width ℓ140 of each lock 140 is defined as being a distance between the two lateral faces 148 of this lock 140. In other words, the width ℓ140 is substantially equal, apart from assembly clearances, to a distance between the two lateral surfaces 132B of a radial opening 130. The width ℓ140 is greater than 50% of the diameter of the mouth 126 - in other words greater than a radius of the mouth 126 -, preferably greater than 75% of the diameter of the mouth 126, more preferably still greater than the diameter of the mouth 126. This ensures a contact surface between each lock 140 and the pipe 10 that is as large as possible.

[0049] In the first embodiment, each lock 140 advantageously comprises rollers 160, which are each assembled to a respective pin 156. The rollers 160 are advantageously mounted to be movable in rotation relative to the rod 154 around the axis A152. In the example, the axial movements of each roller 160 are limited, on the one hand, by a shoulder 161 provided on the rod 154 and, on the other hand, by an elastic snap ring housed in a groove 162 provided at the end of the rod 154. The snap rings are not shown. Advantageously, the rollers are made of a material that reduces friction during metal-to-metal contact. The rollers 160 are preferably made of a copper alloy, preferably bronze. The rollers 160 serve to improve the operation of the female element 100, as explained below.

[0050] Each lock 140 is received in a respective radial opening 130 and is movable in translation relative to the body 102 of the female element 100 along the corresponding radial axis A130, between a first position, in which this lock 140 penetrates into the receiving volume V100, and a second position, in which this lock 140 does not penetrate into the receiving volume V100.

[0051] The movements of each of the locks 140 are controlled by an operating ring 170, which belongs to the female element 100. The operating ring 170 is shown in isolation in the figure 4 The female element 100 advantageously comprises a transparent portion, here a cover 171, which has a generally cylindrical shape and which is assembled to the operating ring 170, for example clipped to the operating ring 170 or even overmolded onto the operating ring 170. The cover 171, which is advantageously made of a transparent material, is shown in dotted lines on the figure 4 The cover 171 serves in particular to prevent the intrusion of foreign bodies into the female element 100, while allowing a visual inspection of the female element 100.

[0052] The cover 171 is optional, as it is not essential to the operation of the female element 100, but contributes to the safety of use of the female element 100.

[0053] The operating ring 170 has a generally revolution shape around a ring axis A170 and provides a cavity V170, configured to receive the body 102. In the assembled configuration of the female element 100, the operating ring 170 is arranged around the body 102 coaxially with the longitudinal axis A100, that is to say that the ring axis A170 coincides with the longitudinal axis A100. The longitudinal plane P100 of the female element 100 is also a longitudinal plane for the operating ring 170. The operating ring 170 here has a symmetrical shape both with respect to the longitudinal plane P100 and with respect to a second plane P170, the second plane P170 being parallel to the ring axis A170 and orthogonal to the longitudinal plane P100.

[0054] The cavity V170 thus opens both on a front side of the operating ring 170 and on a rear side of the operating ring 170, the front and rear sides of the operating ring 170 being identical to the front and rear sides of the female element 100 when the female element 100 is assembled.

[0055] The operating ring 170 is movable in translation relative to the body 102 of the female element 100 along the longitudinal axis A100, between a front position and a rear position. Here, the operating ring 170 is returned by default towards the front of the female element 100 by a first return member, here a compression spring 172, which acts between two opposite faces of the operating ring 170 and the body 102.

[0056] The operating ring 170 here comprises a rear portion 174, which slides around the body 102 and which houses the spring 172, and a front portion 176, in which a radial passage 178 is formed. The radial passage 178 passes right through the front portion 176 parallel to a passage axis A178, which is an axis radial to the ring axis A170 and parallel to the longitudinal plane P100. The passage axis A178 is therefore parallel to the guide axes A130 when the female element 100 is assembled. The radial passage 178 here has the shape of a cylinder with a substantially rectangular profile and centered on the passage axis A178.

[0057] The radial passage 178 is configured to receive the latches 140, without interfering with the movements of the latches when the operating ring 170 is moved between its forward position and its rearward position, and the latches 140 are moved between their respective first position and second position.

[0058] The radial passage 178 provides two flat walls 180 which are arranged opposite each other on either side of the longitudinal plane P100. Each flat wall 180 comprises two guide grooves 182, which are each associated with a respective lock 140.

[0059] The guide grooves 182 are here oblong holes, each of which extends parallel to the longitudinal plane P100 and which open into the radial passage 178.

[0060] For each lock 140, the operating ring 170 thus comprises two guide grooves 182, these two grooves 182 being parallel to each other and located on either side of the longitudinal plane P100.

[0061] The guide grooves 182 associated with the same lock 140 are geometrically carried by a guide plane P182. The guide plane P182 and the ring axis A170 - and by extension the longitudinal axis A100 - form between them an angle of inclination α182, which is, by convention, considered to be equal to 90° - degrees - when the guide plane P182 is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis A100, and to be equal to 0° when the guide plane P182 is parallel to the longitudinal axis A100. The angle of inclination α182 is represented in figure 5 .

[0062] Each guide plane P182 is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis A100. By inclined, we mean that the guide plane P182 is neither parallel nor orthogonal to the longitudinal axis A100. In other words, the inclination angle α182 is neither zero nor equal to 90°.

[0063] Here, each guide plane P182 is inclined rearwardly, i.e., the guide grooves 182 approach the longitudinal axis A100 as they approach the rear of the female element 100, when the female element 100 is assembled.

[0064] When the female element 100 is assembled, each lock 140 is received in a respective radial opening 130 and in the respective radial passage 178 and is guided in translation along the guide axis A130. The pins 156, here equipped with the rollers 160, are received in the guide grooves 182 which are inclined. Thus, when the operating ring 170 is moved towards the front of the female element 100, each lock 140 is brought closer to the longitudinal axis A100, until the rollers 160 come into abutment against a bottom 182A of the corresponding guide groove 182. Here, the front position of the operating ring 170 is therefore a locking position of the operating ring 170, the compression spring 172 being arranged to push the operating ring 170 towards its locking position. The axial position of the rollers 160 along the axis A100 determines the forward stop of the operating ring 170.Alternatively, an alternative stop means could be provided to stop the operating ring in translation at the front against the spring force 172.

[0065] Conversely, when the operating ring 170 is moved towards the rear of the female element 100, each lock 140 is moved away from the longitudinal axis A100 by the rollers 160 which slide in the guide grooves 182. Here, the rear position of the operating ring 170 is therefore an unlocking position of the operating ring 170.

[0066] It is understood that the transmission of forces between the operating ring 170 and the locks 140 depends on the angle of inclination α182. The angle of inclination α182 and the mechanical characteristics of the spring 172, in particular a stiffness and a length of the spring 172, are chosen to satisfy the maintenance of the pipe 10 while allowing a manual locking / unlocking operation of the female element 100. Each guide plane P182 is inclined relative to the longitudinal axis A100 by an angle of inclination α182 of between 2° and 30°, preferably of between 5° and 10°, more preferably equal to 5°. In the example illustrated, the angle of inclination α182 is equal to 5°.

[0067] In the first embodiment, the distal portion 129A has a frustoconical shape, while the proximal portion 129B, which connects the distal portion 129A to the rest of the front portion 124, is oriented towards the locks 140, so as to pinch the pipe 10 between the proximal portion 129B and the locks 140 when the pipe 10 is fitted onto the cannula 120 and the locks 140 are held in the first position. The first clamping plane P129 is located in front of the second clamping plane P144. The first clamping plane P129 and the second clamping plane P144 are advantageously brought closer to each other, so as to clamp the pipe 10, with an axial clamping component by the radial action of the lock 140. Thus the first clamping plane P129 and the second clamping plane P144 are separated by an interval I100, measured parallel to the longitudinal axis A100, less than 5 mm, preferably less than 2 mm.Advantageously, the first clamping plane P129 is kept at a distance from the stop surface 125, for example P129 and the surface 124 are separated by an interval of 2 cm measured parallel to the longitudinal axis A100, so that the external surface portion 12B of the pipe capable of being permanently clamped on a separate cannula by a clamping collar not shown is separate from the external surface portion 12B of the pipe clamped by the locks 140 of the female element 100 temporarily.

[0068] A clamping portion 129C is a portion of an external surface of the cannula 120 which extends opposite the internal clamping surface 150 of each lock 140. The clamping portion 129C is therefore located here at the rear of the proximal portion 129B of the circumferential bulge 128 and has the shape of a cylinder with a circular section and centered on the longitudinal axis A100. The clamping portion 129C and the internal surface 150 of each lock 140 delimit between them an annular clamping space V129, which houses the pipe 10 fitted onto the cannula 120. Each lock 140 thus applies a force to a large retaining surface of the pipe 10, which contributes to holding the pipe 10 and prevents marring the pipe 10.

[0069] Advantageously, the female element 100 also comprises a valve 190, which is here partially received in the passage V100 and which is movable relative to the body 102 between an advanced position, in which the valve closes the passage V100, and a retracted position, in which the valve does not close this passage. The advanced position is therefore a closing position, while the retracted position is an opening position. The valve 190 is shown in the advanced position in the figures 1 And 6 , and in a retracted position on the figures 7 And 8 .

[0070] In the illustrated example, the valve 190 comprises a main body 192, of cylindrical shape centered on the longitudinal axis A100, and a collar 194, which is provided projecting from the main body 192 radially to the longitudinal axis A100. The collar 194 is here received in a cavity V122 provided by the base 122 of the cannula 120. The collar 194 is configured to abut against a wall 195 of the body 102, this wall 195 forming a seat, when the valve 190 is in the advanced position. The valve 190 also comprises a second return member, here a valve spring 196, which returns the valve 190 to its advanced closing position. In the illustrated example, the valve spring 196 is received in the cavity V122 and pushes the collar 194 forward.

[0071] The valve 190 comprises seals 198, which are here annular seals housed in grooves provided on a rear part of the main body 192 and which ensure the sealing of the valve 190 in the advanced position.

[0072] The movements of the valve 190 are controlled by the pipe 10 when the pipe 10 is fitted onto the cannula 120. More specifically, the valve 190 is configured to move from its advanced position to its retracted position when a pipe 10 is fitted onto the cannula 120 and abuts against the abutment surface 125.

[0073] In the example illustrated, the body 102 has housings, here bores 200, which are arranged through the base 122 parallel to the longitudinal axis A100 and which each open, on the one hand, onto the stop surface 125 and, on the other hand, into the cavity V122 of the base 122, opposite the collar 194. The bores 200 are here five in number and are distributed regularly, in a star shape, around the longitudinal axis A100.

[0074] Each of the bores 200 receives a respective control finger 202, each control finger 202 having an elongated shape and comprising a front portion 202A and a rear portion 202B opposite the front portion 202A. Each finger 202 is movable, in translation in a bore 200, relative to the body 102, parallel to the longitudinal axis A100, between an emerged position, in which the front portion 202A of this control finger 202 emerges from the stop surface 125, and a withdrawn position, in which the front portion 202A does not emerge from the stop surface 125. For each control finger 202, when this finger 202 is in its emerged position, the rear portion 202B does not emerge in the cavity V122, while in the withdrawn position of this finger, the rear portion 202B of this finger 202 emerges in the cavity V122. The collar 194, armed by the valve spring 196, thus tends to push the control fingers 202 towards their emerged position.The bores 200 are arranged so that the front portion 202A of each control finger 202 is accessible to the front face 14 of the pipe 10 when this pipe is fitted onto the cannula 120 and is brought close to the stop surface 125.

[0075] It is understood that when the pipe 10 is fitted onto the cannula 120 and comes into abutment against the abutment surface 125, the end of the pipe 10 pushes the control fingers 202 from their emerged position towards their withdrawn position, also pushing the collar 194, and therefore the valve 190 from its advanced position towards its withdrawn position.

[0076] More generally, the control fingers 202 are an exemplary embodiment of a control member, which is configured to push the valve 190 from its advanced position to its retracted position when the pipe 10 is fitted onto the cannula 120 and moves the front portion 202A of the control member from its emerged position to its withdrawn position.

[0077] The operation of the female element 100 and the connector R is now described, using the figures 1 And 6 à 8 .

[0078] On the figure 1 , the connection is in the uncoupled configuration. The compression spring 172 pushes the operating ring 170 into the locking position, which keeps the locks 140 in their first position in the receiving volume 126. Each roller 160 is in abutment at the bottom of the respective guide groove 182, on the rear side of the operating ring 170.

[0079] The valve spring 196 pushes the valve 190 into its advanced closed position, while the collar 194 pushes the control fingers 202 into their emerged position.

[0080] Each first light 138 is arranged so as to allow observation, along the corresponding sighting axis A138, of the front portions 202A of the control fingers 202 as long as the front portions 202A emerge from the stop surface 125. In other words, each first light 138 allows observation of the control members 202 in the emerged position.

[0081] Advantageously, the radial passage 178 coincides with the first slots 138, when the operating ring is in the locking position, so as to allow observation through the first slot, of the front portion 202A of the control fingers 202 as long as the front portion 202A emerges from the stop surface 125. In particular, the cover 171, which covers the first slot 138 and the second slot 178 and which is transparent, does not hinder observation through the radial passage 178 along the line of sight A138.

[0082] To couple the pipe 10 and the female element 100, the pipe axis A10 is aligned with the longitudinal axis A100 of the female element 100 to together form the fitting axis of the connector R. The pipe 10 is arranged facing the mouth 126 and is fitted onto the cannula 120, according to a fitting movement. The fitting movement of the pipe 10 is a translational movement of the pipe 10 relative to the female element 100, parallel to the fitting axis of the connector R, the front face 14 of the pipe 10 being brought closer to the stop face 125. At the same time, an operator moves the operating ring 170 towards its unlocking position, which drives the locks 140 from their first position towards their second position, thus freeing access to the mouth 126 of the receiving volume V110.

[0083] While maintaining the operating ring 170 in its unlocked position, the operator continues the movement of fitting the pipe 10 onto the cannula 120, the pipe 10 accommodating, by elastic deformation, the passage of the circumferential bulge 128. While the fitting movement continues, the front face 14 of the pipe 10 comes to bear against the control fingers 202. This second configuration of the connector R is illustrated in figure 6 .

[0084] Advantageously, the radial passage 178 coincides with the first slots 138, when the operating ring is in the unlocking position, so as to allow observation through the first slot 138, of the front portion 202A of the control fingers 202 as long as the front portion 202A emerges from the stop surface 125. Thus, the radial passage 178 is an example of a second slot, which coincides with each first slot 138, when the operating ring 170 is in the unlocking position, so as to allow observation through each first slot 138 of the control fingers 202 in the emerged position. The cover 171 also allows observation of the position of each roller 160 in its respective guide groove 182.

[0085] From the second configuration of the figure 6 , while the movement of fitting the pipe 10 onto the cannula continues, the front face 14 of the pipe 10 approaches the stop face 125, pushing the control fingers 202 from their emerged position towards their withdrawn position, which pushes the valve 190 from its advanced position towards its retracted position. The connector R then reaches its third configuration shown in figure 7 In other words, the fitting movement of the pipe 10 causes the valve 190 to open. The presence and position of the pipe 10 can be seen through the first port 138, the radial passage 178 and the cover 171, so that the operator can ensure that the connection configuration is satisfactory.

[0086] The operating ring 170 is held in its unlocked position throughout the fitting movement. The fitting movement continues until the pipe 10 comes into abutment against the abutment surface 125. The fitting R is then in the configuration of the figure 7 . Valve 190 is in the retracted open position.

[0087] From the third configuration of the figure 7 , if the operator releases the operating ring 170, the compression spring 172 pushes the operating ring 170 back towards its locking position, which drives each lock 140 from its second position towards its first position. During this movement, the internal surfaces 150 of the locks 140 come into contact with the pipe 10 and radially press the pipe 10 against the cannula 120. The position of each lock 10 is determined by the balance between a force exerted by the locks 140 on the pipe 10 and an elastic return force of the pipe 10 thus pinched. The connector R is then in a fourth coupled configuration, shown in figure 8 . Due to the radial action of the locks 140 and the friction of the pipe 10 on the cannula 120, it is not possible to uncouple the connector R simply by pulling on the pipe 10. The coupling of the connector R is thus secured.

[0088] In the coupled configuration, the rollers 160 are not in abutment against one of the ends of the corresponding guide groove 182, but are in an intermediate position in their respective guide groove 182. It is understood that the connector R provides secure coupling by accommodating the variations in thickness E10 of the pipe 10.

[0089] From the coupled configuration, if the operator wishes to uncouple the coupling R, the operator must first move the operating ring 170 to its unlocking position, here towards the rear. This operation is equivalent to the figure 6 representing the second configuration at connection. In doing so, the operator moves the locks 140 to their second position. The pipe 10 is no longer held by the locks 140, the operator can remove the pipe 10 in a reverse movement to the fitting movement. During this reverse movement, the operator checks, through the first port 138, the radial passage 178 and the cover 171, that the front portions 202A emerge from the stop surface 125, which indicates that the valve 190 returns from its retracted opening position to its advanced closing position.

[0090] Once the cannula 120 is fully withdrawn from the pipe 10, the operator can release the operating ring 170 and allow the operating ring 170 to return to its locked position. The connector R is then returned to the first uncoupled configuration of the figure 1 .

[0091] Further embodiments of the invention are now described. In the other embodiments, elements similar to those of the previously described embodiment(s) bear the same references and function in the same way. In the following, the differences between each embodiment and the previous one(s) are mainly described.

[0092] A female element 220 according to a second embodiment of the invention is shown, in coupled configuration, at figure 9 a) . While in the first embodiment, the circumferential recess 128 is arranged at the front of each lock 140, in the second embodiment the female element 220 comprises a circumferential bulge 222 which is radially aligned with the internal clamping surface 150 of each lock 140 relative to the longitudinal axis A100. The circumferential bulge 222 is here produced by two annular projections 224, which are provided projecting from the front portion 124 of the cannula 120. The two projections 224 form bumps, which are located opposite the internal clamping surfaces 150, which improves the retention of the pipe 10 when the connector R is in the coupled configuration.

[0093] Advantageously, the annular projections 224 and the front portion 124 have a shape complementary to the internal surfaces 150 of the locks 140, so as to further improve the retention of the pipe 10 when the connector R is in the coupled configuration.

[0094] Advantageously, the annular projections 224 have a reduced radial projection relative to the front portion 124, the radial projection being measured radially to the longitudinal axis A100. By "reduced radial projection", it is meant that an external diameter of the annular projections 224 is less than 110% of an external diameter of the front portion 124, preferably less than 105% of the external diameter of the front portion 124. In comparison, in the example of the first mode, the radial projection of the circumferential bulge 128 is greater than 115%.

[0095] Thus, during the movement of fitting the pipe 10 onto the cannula 120, while the pipe 10 deforms elastically to cross the circumferential bulge, the elastic deformation of the pipe 10 required to cross the bulge 222 of the second embodiment is less than the elastic deformation of the pipe 10 required to cross the bulge 128 of the first embodiment. In other words, the force required to fit the pipe 10 onto the cannula 120 and place the pipe 10 in abutment against the abutment surface 125 is less in the second mode than in the first mode.

[0096] More generally, the annular projections 224 of the second embodiment provide good support for the pipe 10 in cooperation with the locks 140, while facilitating the connection of the female element 220 and the pipe 10.

[0097] A female element 230 according to a third embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 9 b) .

[0098] The female element 230 comprises a circumferential bulge 232 which is essentially located at the rear of the locks 140, between the locks 140 and the abutment surface 125. Preferably, the circumferential bulge 232 is closer, along the longitudinal axis A100, to the abutment surface 125 than to the locks 140. The bulge 232 here comprises a front ramp 233A, which is divergent towards the rear, and a rear ramp 233B, which is convergent towards the rear.

[0099] When the connector R is in the coupled configuration, this arrangement of the circumferential bulge 232 makes it possible to pinch the pipe 10 between the front ramp 233A and each lock 140, so as to create a pinching stress inclined relative to the longitudinal axis A100.

[0100] Advantageously, the rear ramp 233B is held at a reduced distance from the stop surface 125, for example the rear ramp 233B and the stop surface 125 are separated by an interval of 1 cm measured parallel to the longitudinal axis A100, so that the external surface portion 12B of the pipe 10 stressed by the locks 140 is close to the front face 14 of the pipe 10, reducing the section of pipe to be cut if it seemed useful to the operator to shorten the pipe 10 moderately, in order to remove only a short end portion of the pipe potentially marked by the repeated tightening of the locks 140 of the element 100.

[0101] A female element 240 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 10 , some parts being hidden.

[0102] The female element 240 comprises a lock 242, with a rod 244 whose ends protrude from the lateral faces 148 and form the pins 156, which are configured to be directly received in the corresponding guide grooves 182, without a roller of the type of rollers 160.

[0103] The locks 242 of the second embodiment are easier to manufacture than the locks 140 of the first embodiment but, in the event of wear of the pins 156, the rod 154 must be entirely replaced, whereas in the first embodiment only the rollers 160 must be replaced.

[0104] A female element 250 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention is shown in figure 11 .

[0105] The female element 250 of the fifth embodiment comprises a lever 252, which allows the actuation of the operating ring 170 with a lever arm.

[0106] In the illustrated example, the lever 252 comprises a hoop 252, which has two branches 253 connected by an intermediate portion 254. The hoop 252 is mounted astride the body 102 of the female element 250.

[0107] The lever 252 comprises a gripping portion, here a handle 254A, which is fixed to the intermediate portion 254. The lever 252 also comprises, at a free end of each of the branches 253, two pads 255, which are arranged opposite one another and which are each configured to cooperate with a respective groove 256 formed on the outside of the operating ring 170. The grooves 256 are formed on either side of the longitudinal plane P100 of the female element 250 and each extend along an axis orthoradial to the longitudinal axis A100.

[0108] The free ends of the branches 253 and the associated pads 255 together form a guide portion of the lever 252. The pads 255 are advantageously made of a strong, friction-reducing material, in particular a copper alloy, in particular bronze. The two pads 255 are here fixed to the branches 253 by means of screws 255A.

[0109] The lever 252 also comprises two pivot pins 257, each of which is fixed to a respective branch 253 between the handle 254A and the corresponding pad 255. The two pivot pins 257 are arranged opposite one another and are aligned along a pivot axis A257 of the lever 252. The two pivot pins 257 are configured to be received in bores provided in the body 102, such that the lever 252 is mounted to be able to rotate relative to the body 102 about the pivot axis A257, the pivot axis A257 being orthoradial to the longitudinal axis A100. The bores receiving the pivot pins 257 are not shown.

[0110] The lever 252 is mounted to be movable in rotation relative to the body 102 around the pivot axis A257 between a raised position, shown in the figure 11 b) , and a lowered position, shown on the figure 11 c) .

[0111] The handle 254A is configured to be grasped by a user so as to pivot the lever 252 about the pivot axis A257 between its raised position and its lowered position. When the lever 252 is moved between its raised position and its lowered position, the pads 255, received in the grooves 256, drive the operating ring 170 in translation along the longitudinal axis A100 between its locking position and its unlocking position, against the compression spring 172 which is not visible on the figure 11 , but which is the same as in the first embodiment. The lever 252 facilitates the movement of the operating ring 170 against the compression spring 172, which consequently allows the use of a compression spring 172 applying greater clamping forces to the pipe 10, for example when the female element 10 is used in pressure applications or larger pipe diameters 10.

[0112] In the embodiments shown, when the compression spring 172 returns the operating ring 170 to its locking position, the operating ring 170 drives each lock 140 to its first position. In other words, the compression spring 172 is a return member, which is configured to return each lock 140 to its first position. In the embodiments shown, the return member applies to each lock 140 a force having a centripetal component to the longitudinal axis A100 via the operating ring 170.

[0113] In a variant not shown, the return member includes, for each lock 140, a spring which directly applies to each lock 140 a centripetal force to the longitudinal axis A100, so as to return the corresponding lock 140 from its second position to its first position. For example, radial springs are placed between each of the locks 140 and the cover 171, these radial springs being compressed radially to the longitudinal axis A100.

[0114] According to another variant not shown, which is not included in the scope of the claims, the compression spring 172 is absent, while the female element comprises a lever of the type of lever 252, which positively controls the locking and unlocking of the female element.

[0115] In the embodiments shown, the guide grooves 182 move away from the longitudinal axis A100 as they approach the front of the female element 100, 220, 230, 240 and 250, while the unlocking position of the operating ring 170 is an axially retracted position, along the longitudinal axis A100, relative to the locking position.

[0116] In a variant not shown, the guide grooves 182 move away from the longitudinal axis A100 as they approach the rear of the female element, while the unlocking position of the operating ring 170 is an axially advanced position, along the longitudinal axis A100, relative to the locking position.

[0117] The shapes of the circumferential bulges 128, 222 and 232 of the first, second and third embodiments are not limiting. More generally, any radial protrusion - rib, groove, spike, etc. - provided on the front portion 124 of the cannula 120 and configured to cooperate with the locks 140 to hold the pipe 10 constitutes a circumferential bulge.

[0118] In a variant not shown, according to a mirror configuration of the third embodiment, a bulge is provided on the internal clamping surface 150 of the lock 140, while a circumferential depression is formed in a hollow on the cannula 120, so as to pinch the pipe 10.

[0119] In a variant not shown, divergent frustoconical internal surfaces 150 are provided on the front side of the connector. Advantageously, when connecting according to this variant, the fitting of the pipe radially pushes the locks 130 against the spring force 172 without the operator needing to act on the operating ring 170.

[0120] The embodiments and variations mentioned above may be combined with each other to generate new embodiments of the invention, as long as they are covered by the text of the claims.

Claims

1. A female element (100; 220; 230; 240; 250) of a quick-coupling (R), configured for being coupled to a hose (10), the female element comprising: - a body (102): • which extends along a longitudinal axis (A100) and which defines a receiving volume (V110) for receiving the hose, the receiving volume having a shape of revolution about the longitudinal axis and jutting from the body through a mouth (126), the mouth defining a front side of the female element, • which comprises an abutment surface (125), which is located in a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis and which is oriented towards the front of the female element, the abutment surface delimiting the volume for receiving the rear side of the female element, the rear side being opposite to the front side, - one nipple (120): • which is rigidly attached to the body (102) of the female element and which extends into the receiving volume from the abutment surface (125), • which comprises a hollow body (124) having a shape of revolution about the longitudinal axis (A100), the hollow body defining a channel (V120) which emerges at the front side of the female element and into a passage (V100) provided in the female element on the rear side, • which comprises an external surface, wherein the female element further comprises: - at least one radial opening (130), each radial opening being provided in the body (102) of the female element along a guide axis (A130) radial to the longitudinal axis (A100), each radial opening jutting into the receiving volume (V110), - at least one lock (140), each lock being received in a respective radial opening and being movable in translation with respect to the body (102) along the corresponding guide axis (A130) between a first position, wherein the lock penetrates into the receiving volume (V110), and a second position, wherein the lock is further away from the longitudinal axis (A110) than in the first position, each lock comprising an internal surface (150) for clamping the hose, oriented towards the longitudinal axis (A100) opposite the external surface of the nipple (120), - a return member (172) configured for returning each lock to the first position thereof, and - an operating ring (170), which is arranged around the body (102) coaxially with the longitudinal axis (A100) and which is movable in translation with respect to the body along the longitudinal axis between a locking position and an unlocking position, characterized in that: - each lock (140) comprises pins (156), each extending along a direction orthogonal to the corresponding guide axis (A130) and orthoradial to the longitudinal axis (A100), - the operating ring (170) comprises guide grooves (182) which cooperate with the pins of each lock (140), the guide grooves associated with each lock being geometrically supported by a guide plane (P182) inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis (A100), so that: • each lock (140) is driven from the second position thereof to the first position thereof when the operating ring (170) is moved from the unlocking position thereof to the locking position thereof, and • each lock is driven from the first position thereof to the second position thereof when the operating ring is moved from the locking position thereof to the unlocking position thereof.

2. The female element (100; 220; 230; 240; 250) according to claim 1, characterized in that the return member (172) is configured for returning the operating ring (170) towards the locking position thereof, and in that the operating ring drives each lock (140) towards the first position thereof when the return member returns the operating ring towards the locking position thereof.

3. The female element (100; 220; 230; 240; 250) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the guide grooves (182) move away from the longitudinal axis (A100) as same come closer to the front of the female element, the unlocking position of the operating ring (170) being an axially retracted position, along the longitudinal axis, with respect to the locking position.

4. The female element (100; 220; 230; 240; 250) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the return member applies a centripetal force to each lock (140) which tends to move each lock from the second position thereof to the first position thereof.

5. The female element (220) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the nipple (120) has a circumferential bulge (222) which is radially aligned with the internal clamping surface (150) of each lock (140) with respect to the longitudinal axis (A100).

6. The female element (100; 240; 250) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: - the internal clamping surface (150) of each lock (140) extends geometrically on the rear side of a first clamping plane (P144) which is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis (A100), - the nipple (120) comprises a circumferential bulge (128) provided on the external surface of the nipple (120) and situated at the front of the first clamping plane (P144) of each lock.

7. The female element (100; 240; 250) according to claim 6, characterized in that the circumferential bulge (128) comprises: - a flared proximal portion (129B) which is divergent towards the front of the female element and which is arranged opposite each lock (140), and - a distal portion (129A) diverging toward the rear of the female element.

8. The female element (100; 240; 250) according to claim 7, characterized in that: - the proximal portion (129B) of the bulge is delimited rearwards by a second clamping plane (P129) which is parallel to the first clamping plane (P144), - the first clamping plane and the second clamping plane are separated by an interval (I100) of less than 5 mm, preferentially less than 2 mm.

9. The female element (100; 240; 250) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: - the external surface of the nipple (120) comprises a clamping portion (129C) which is located at the rear of the proximal portion (129B) of the circumferential bulge (128) and which extends opposite the internal clamping surface (150) of each lock (140), - the clamping portion (129C) and the internal surface (150) delimit therebetween a clamping annular space (V129), and - the clamping portion (129C) has a cylindrical shape of circular cross-section.

10. The female element (100; 220; 230; 240; 250) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the female element comprises: - a valve (190), which is partially received in the passage (V100) and which is movable with respect to the body (102) between a forward position, wherein the valve closes the passage, and a retracted position, wherein the valve does not close the passage, - a second return member (196), which returns the valve to the forward position, - the valve being configured for changing from the forward position to the retracted position when a hose (10) is fitted onto the nipple (120) and abuts against the abutment surface (125).

11. The female element (100; 220; 230; 240; 250) according to claim 10, characterized in that: - the body (102) has a housing (200) which emerges onto the abutment surface (125). - the female element comprises a control member (202) which is received in the housing and which is movable in translation with respect to the body parallel to the longitudinal axis (A100), between a jutting out position, wherein a front portion (202A) of the control member is jutting out from the abutment surface, and a retracted position, wherein the front portion does not jut out from the abutment surface, - the control member is configured for pushing the valve (190) from the forward position to the retracted position when the hose (10) is fitted onto the nipple (120) and moves the forward portion of the control member from the jutting out position thereof to the retracted position thereof.

12. The female element (100; 220; 230; 240; 250) according to claim 11, characterized in that: - the body (102) comprises a first view port (138), • which extends through the body along a viewing axis (A138) radial to the longitudinal axis (A100), • which is provided at the front of the stop surface (125), the first port opening into the receiving volume (V110), - the first port (138) being arranged so as to let the control member (202) in the jutting out position be observed through the first port.

13. The female element (100; 220; 230; 240; 250) according to claim 12, characterized in that: - the operating ring (170) comprises a second view port (178) which extends through the operating ring along a passage axis (A178) parallel to the sighting axis (A138), - the second port (178) is arranged to coincide with the first port (138), when the operating ring (170) is in the unlocking position, so as to make possible the observation, through the first port, of the control member (202) in the jutting out position.

14. The female element (100; 220; 230; 240; 250) according to claim 13, characterized in that the operating ring (170) comprises a transparent portion (171), the transparent portion covering the first port (138) and the second port (178) when the operating ring (170) is in the unlocking position.

15. The female element (250) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that: - the female element comprises a lever (252) which is mounted movable in rotation with respect to the body (102) about a pivot axis (A257) between a raised position and a lowered position, the pivot axis being orthoradial to the longitudinal axis (A100), - the lever (252) comprises a guide portion (253, 255) which cooperates with the operating ring (170) so as to guide the operating ring (170) from the locking position to the unlocking position, when the lever is driven around the pivot axis thereof between the raised position thereof and the lowered position thereof.