Stay in place concrete form with acoustic and / or thermal insulation properties

Abstract

The object of the invention relates to a precast wall comprising at least two panels (1, 2) arranged in respective planes and substantially parallel to each other, the panels (1, 2) being held apart by at least one joining reinforcement (3) which cooperates with at least one face of each of the panels (1, 2) to create an internal volume (4) of the precast wall suitable and intended for a formwork operation, characterized in that at least one of the panels (1, 2) comprises at least one plate formed by an association of materials distributed over at least two superimposed layers made up of, on the one hand, structural elements and, on the other hand, materials with acoustic and / or thermal insulating properties incorporating thermal inertia or fire resistance.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of constructions and construction elements with insulating properties and more particularly to the field of structural elements with insulating properties.

[0002] As part of optimizing the thermal and even acoustic insulation of buildings, it is common to install "wall cladding" or "External Thermal Insulation" which provides additional coverings with insulating properties placed against the exterior surface of some of the building walls. However, installing these covering elements on building walls requires additional operations on site and therefore handling and working time to install these elements on the structures under construction.

[0003] To limit this problem, prefabricated panels have been developed that have the shape of a frame and integrate different materials with insulating properties into their thicknesses. However, these panels have a structure essentially formed of insulating materials with limited rigidity. Therefore, such panels do not allow their use as load-bearing structures but mainly, if not exclusively, in the form of prefabricated insulating cladding applied against building walls. Publication WO 2018235081 also proposes a formwork system in which panels include hollow compartments to integrate thermal insulation. However, such a system also has particularly limited rigidity in the core of its structure which positions the insulating elements.

[0004] The present invention aims to overcome this drawback by proposing a construction solution which makes it possible to benefit from the advantages provided by the insulating properties of materials by integrating them into the load-bearing structures of building constructions despite the rigidity limits of these insulating materials.

[0005] The invention thus relates to a pre-wall according to claim 1 comprising at least two panels arranged in respective planes and substantially parallel to each other, the panels being kept apart by at least one joining reinforcement which cooperates with at least one face of each of the panels to create an interior volume of the pre-wall suitable and intended for a formwork operation, characterized in that at least one of the panels comprises at least one plate formed by association of materials distributed over at least two superimposed layers produced by, on the one hand, structural elements and, on the other hand, materials with acoustic and / or thermal insulating properties integrating thermal inertia or fire resistance.

[0006] The invention also relates to a construction comprising at least one pre-wall according to the invention.

[0007] The invention will be better understood from the following description, which relates to a preferred embodiment, given as a non-limiting example, and explained with reference to the appended schematic drawings, in which: [ Fig. 1 ] is a schematic representation of a pre-wall and the different elements or parts that make up this pre-wall, [ Fig. 2 ] is a schematic representation of a first example of arrangement of a panel in a pre-wall according to the invention, [ Fig. 3 ] is a schematic representation of a second example of arrangement of a panel in a pre-wall according to the invention.

[0008] In this document, the term panel should be understood as referring to any substantially planar construction element incorporating one or more walls. For example, a panel is thus likely to refer to any substantially planar structure, for example made of wood, concrete or composite material, or to any structure comparable to such a planar arrangement.

[0009] The invention relates to a pre-wall comprising at least two panels 1, 2 arranged in respective planes and substantially parallel to each other, the panels 1, 2 being kept apart by at least one joining reinforcement 3 which cooperates with at least one face of each of the panels 1, 2 to produce an interior volume 4 of the pre-wall suitable and intended for a formwork operation, characterized in that at least one of the panels 1, 2 comprises at least one plate formed by association of materials distributed over at least two superimposed layers produced by, on the one hand, structural elements 5 and, on the other hand, materials 6 with acoustically and / or thermally insulating properties integrating thermal inertia or fire resistance.According to a preferred embodiment, the structural elements 5 of the plate incorporating insulating materials 6 are made of wood, metal, steel or composite material capable of providing structural rigidity to the plate and to the panel 1, 2 which incorporates it. The insulating materials 6 that may be used are in particular wood wool, rock wool, glass wool, hemp wool, polystyrene and / or their equivalents, as well as a mixture of these materials.

[0010] The production of such a pre-wall according to the invention makes it possible to propose a construction element incorporating insulating materials 6 and whose rigidity is sufficient to ensure operations of pouring and formwork of a hydraulic material of the concrete type or equivalent poured into the interior volume 4 between the two panels 1, 2 of the pre-wall. The pre-wall of the invention thus forms a construction element comprising insulating materials 6 in which one or more materials intended to produce the load-bearing structure of the building under construction is able to be integrated. The insulating materials 6, after formwork, are intimately associated with the load-bearing materials of the building.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the formwork surfaces of each of the panels 1, 2 of the pre-wall are made of structurally rigid materials so as to ensure resistance to deformation under the effect of the pressure exerted by the hydraulic materials poured into the interior volume 4 of the pre-wall during the formwork operation.

[0012] According to the invention, in the plate of the panel 1, 2, the superimposed layers of structural elements 5 and insulating materials 6 are arranged alternately. This arrangement makes it possible to optimize the distribution of the materials across the thickness of the plate concerned, according to their respective rigidities, so as to obtain a plate whose alternating superposition of layers of structural materials 5 and insulating materials 6 leads to a homogenized rigidity in its thickness. According to a particular example, the structural elements 5 are made of wood in order to optimize the low-carbon qualities of the plate.The alternating arrangement of wooden structural elements 5 and thermally insulating materials 6 makes it possible to take advantage of the advantages specific to wood while optimizing the fire resistance of the plate despite the integration of a wooden material, thanks to the fire-retardant properties specific to the insulating materials 6 inserted in the thickness of the plate of the panel 1, 2.

[0013] According to the invention, the structural elements 5 of the plate are produced in the form of blades 51, the respective axes of blades 51 arranged in the same layer of the plate being oriented in a substantially parallel manner to each other. This particular arrangement of the blades 51 of the structural elements 5 makes it possible, on the one hand, to lighten the weight of the plate by positioning spacings between two consecutive blades 51 and, on the other hand, to allow the insertion of insulating materials 6 in the space existing between consecutive blades 51. According to an exemplary implementation, the blades 51 are mounted on a frame 52 whose dimensions correspond substantially to the dimensions of the plate and / or the panel 1, 2 of the pre-wall of the invention.

[0014] According to another example which realizes a specific variant of this particular example, the blades 51 of the structural elements 5 of the plate arranged in different layers of the plate of a panel 1, 2 comprise respective axes oriented in a non-parallel manner to each other. In the case of forces supported by the plate along an axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of the panel 1, 2, for example under the effect of the weight of the hydraulic material poured during the formwork operation, the tension forces supported at the level of the plate are distributed along the axes of the different blades 51 which compose each of the layers of the plate.Also, according to this arrangement, when the axes of the blades 51 positioned in different layers are oriented in a non-parallel manner, or even in particular in a perpendicular manner, the tension forces in the thickness of the plate are oriented in different directions from one layer to another, the tension forces supported in the thickness of the plate are thus distributed in different directions of the plane of the plate, so that the resistance of the plate is optimized and the risk of deformation of the plate is reduced.

[0015] According to another particular example of embodiment of the pre-wall capable of being combined with the various examples previously detailed, the panel 1, 2 also comprises at least one layer of a facing 7 at least partially covering the plate formed by superimposing structural elements 5 and insulating materials 6. This facing layer 7 forms the external surface of the panel 1, 2 and is positioned on the opposite face of the panel 1, 2 relative to the internal volume 4 of the pre-wall intended to allow formwork of hydraulic materials. According to an example of embodiment, this facing layer 7 is produced by a substantially rigid wall mounted on a plate of superimposed structural elements 5 and insulating 6.According to an alternative or complementary embodiment, this facing layer 7 is produced by at least one coating deposited directly on a plate of superimposed structural 5 and insulating 6 elements, or indirectly on a support wall produced by the surface of an intermediate plate positioned between the coating layer and the plate assembling superimposed structural 5 and insulating 6 elements.

[0016] According to another example which provides a specific variant of this particular example, the panel 1, 2 also comprises at least one layer of a material with insulating properties inserted between the facing layer 7 and the plate formed by superimposing structural elements 5 and insulating materials 6. This additional layer with insulating properties thus makes it possible to accentuate the optimization of the properties of the pre-wall in terms of insulation with regard to possible external attacks and bad weather likely to be supported at the level of the facing layer. Furthermore, by being positioned at the level of a non-formwork face of the panel 1, 2, the materials with insulating properties of the additional layer are not able to alter the resistance of the panel 1, 2 to the pressure exerted by the hydraulic material poured into the interior volume 4 of the pre-wall and therefore to degrade the quality of the formwork by the pre-wall of the invention.

[0017] According to another particular example of the embodiment of the pre-wall capable of being combined with the various examples previously detailed, the pre-wall is made by two panels 1, 2 respectively formed from at least one plate formed by association of materials distributed over at least two superimposed layers made by, on the one hand, structural elements 5 and, on the other hand, materials 6 with acoustic and / or thermal insulating properties integrating thermal inertia or fire resistance. This arrangement makes it possible to provide a pre-wall with optimized insulation properties at each of its faces while ensuring structural mechanical resistance by the hydraulic material of the concrete type or equivalent poured and formed in the interior volume 4 made between the two panels 1, 2 of the pre-wall.

[0018] According to another particular example of the construction of the pre-wall capable of being combined with some of the different examples previously detailed, the pre-wall is made of two panels 1, 2 and the second of the panels is made from at least one concrete-type material. According to this arrangement, the panel of the pre-wall which incorporates a concrete-type material, on the one hand, contributes to the quality of the formwork, in particular by resisting the risk of deformation of the panel under the effect of the pressure exerted by the hydraulic materials poured into the interior volume 4 of the pre-wall and, on the other hand, completes the structural mechanical resistance provided by the hydraulic material of the concrete type or equivalent poured and formworked in the interior volume 4 of the pre-wall.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment example capable of being combined with the various examples detailed above, the various elements comprising the panel are assembled together by assembly means chosen from the list comprising glue, bolts, staples, screws, nails, or any equivalent means.

[0020] The invention also relates to a construction comprising at least one pre-wall according to the invention.

[0021] According to a particular example of embodiment of the construction, a pre-wall is arranged in the construction so that a panel 1, 2 of the pre-wall comprising at least one plate formed by association of materials distributed on at least two superimposed layers made by, on the one hand, structural elements 5 and, on the other hand, materials with acoustic and / or thermal insulating properties 6 integrating thermal inertia or fire resistance is positioned on the side facing the outside of the construction. According to this construction variant, the pre-wall of the invention is integrated into the construction so that the resistance to variations in temperature or fire but also to external noise attacks is optimized.

[0022] According to another particular example of construction embodiment capable of being combined with the previously detailed example, the pre-wall is arranged in the construction so that a panel 1, 2 of the pre-wall comprising at least one plate formed by association of materials distributed over at least two superimposed layers made by, on the one hand, structural elements 5 and, on the other hand, materials with acoustic and / or thermal insulating properties 6 integrating thermal inertia or fire resistance is positioned on the side facing the interior of the construction.According to this construction variant, the pre-wall of the invention is integrated into the construction so that the resistance to variations in temperature or fire but also to internal noise attacks is optimal, in particular when the pre-wall of the invention is positioned between two internal volumes of a construction and one of these volumes is, for example, intended for a particular sound and / or thermal application.

[0023] According to another particular example of construction that can be combined with the various examples detailed above, the exterior surface of the pre-wall is associated with a covering. This covering can take the form of different types such as cladding, lathing or even a protective panel mounted and fixed on at least part of the exterior surface of the pre-wall.

[0024] Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the attached drawings. Modifications remain possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention as defined by the attached claims.

Claims

1. Prefabricated wall comprising at least two panels (1, 2) disposed in respective planes and substantially parallel to each other, the panels (1, 2) being kept separated by at least one joining reinforcement (3) that cooperates with at least one face of each of the panels (1, 2) so as to create an internal volume (4) of the prefabricated wall that is suitable and intended for a formwork operation, characterized in that at least one of the panels (1, 2) comprises at least one plate formed by combining materials distributed over at least two superposed layers realized by, on the one hand, structural elements (5) made in the form of blades (51) of which the respective axes of blades (51) disposed in one and the same layer of the plate are oriented substantially parallel to each other, and, on the other hand, materials with acoustically and / or thermally insulating properties incorporating thermal inertia or fire resistance such that, in the plate of the panel (1, 2), the superposed layers of structural elements (5) and insulating materials (6) are disposed alternately.

2. Prefabricated wall according to Claim 1, characterized in that the blades (51) of the structural elements (5) of the plate that are disposed in different layers of the plate of a panel (1, 2) comprise respective axes oriented non-parallel to each other.

3. Prefabricated wall according to either of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the panel (1, 2) also comprises at least one layer of a facing (7) at least partially covering the plate formed by superposition of structural elements (5) and insulating materials (6).

4. Prefabricated wall according to Claim 3, characterized in that the panel (1, 2) also comprises at least one layer of a material with insulating properties interposed between the layer of facing (7) and the plate formed by superposition of structural elements (5) and insulating materials (6).

5. Prefabricated wall according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the panel (1, 2) also comprises at least one layer of a facing (7) realized by at least one render.

6. Prefabricated wall according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the prefabricated wall is realized by two panels (1, 2) and the second of these panels is made from at least one material of concrete type.

7. Construction, characterized in that the construction comprises at least one prefabricated wall according to one of Claims 1 to 6.

8. Construction according to Claim 7, characterized in that a prefabricated wall is disposed in the construction such that a panel (1, 2) of the prefabricated wall comprising at least one plate formed by combining materials distributed over at least two superposed layers realized by, on the one hand, structural elements (5) and, on the other hand, materials with acoustically and / or thermally insulating properties (6) incorporating thermal inertia or fire resistance is positioned on the side oriented towards the outside of the construction.

9. Construction according to Claim 7, characterized in that a prefabricated wall is disposed in the construction such that a panel (1, 2) of the prefabricated wall comprising at least one plate formed by combining materials distributed over at least two superposed layers realized by, on the one hand, structural elements (5) and, on the other hand, materials with acoustically and / or thermally insulating properties (6) incorporating thermal inertia or fire resistance is positioned on the side oriented towards the inside of the construction.

10. Construction according to one of Claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the outer surface of the prefabricated wall is combined with a coating.

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