Device for producing concrete blocks

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (2) for producing concrete slabs. A mold lower part (8) is inserted into a frame (14) which is secured to receiving areas (18) of multiple guiding columns (20) via retaining braces (16), said guiding columns being oriented along an insertion direction (42) and having, above the mold lower part (8), a structural loading device (28) which can be moved along the guiding columns (20) and which has, on the side facing the mold lower part (8), a mold upper part (22), one or more pressure plates (24) of which are inserted or can be inserted into one or more recesses (12) of the mold lower part (8), said structural loading device (28) being connected to the pressure plates (24) via pressure rams (26). An upper guide element (38) is arranged between the structural loading device (28) and the pressure rams (26), said guide element interacting with a lower guide element (40) arranged on the retaining brace (16) such that, during the production of concrete slabs, the structural loading device (28) is constantly guided relative to the mold lower part (8) on a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction (42).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for producing concrete blocks.

[0002] It is generally known from the prior art to use devices for producing concrete blocks in which a concrete mixture is compacted within a block mold by means of a so-called block maker in order to create a concrete block. Typically, such devices contain a stamping unit with pressure plates that can engage with one or more mold cavities of a mold base. The mold base is open at the top and bottom, with the underside being closed off by a horizontal base. Concrete mix is ​​poured through the upper openings of the mold cavity using a filling carriage, which is then pressed over the pressure plates by lowering these into the mold cavities through the upper openings using a loading unit. The concrete mix is ​​then solidified into dimensionally stable concrete molded parts by vibrating the base.In a final step, the concrete molded parts are demolded through the lower openings of the mold cavities.

[0003] The ram unit is typically hydraulically operated and can be moved vertically within the molding machine using the load-bearing unit. The load-bearing unit usually forms a single mold upper section with the ram unit, which is positioned above the mold lower section and can be connected to a hydraulic press from the opposite side. A uniform block height can be achieved even with varying degrees of compaction of the concrete mix, with stops typically provided on the ram unit.

[0004] In known devices for the production of concrete blocks, the connection between the upper part of the mould and the lower part of the mould is of particular importance.

[0005] For example, it is known from DE 36 38 207 A1 that, with such molds, if the upper mold part is not adequately aligned with the lower mold part, there is a risk of the pressure ram colliding with the upper side of the lower mold part. This occurs particularly when the upper mold part is guided into the lower mold part of the molding machine in order to form and compact the concrete part to be produced. According to solutions known from the prior art, attempts have been made to circumvent this by precisely aligning the upper mold part with the lower mold part and by providing corresponding inlet slopes on the mold cavities to facilitate the insertion of the pressure plates.

[0006] However, the connection between the upper and lower mold parts has already been examined in detail in another context in the prior art. For example, DE 199 24 926 A1 discloses a block molding machine with a block mold mounted on its guide columns. The block mold consists of a lower mold part and an upper mold part, which, depending on the working section, can be either permanently connected to one another or arranged so that they can be moved relative to one another. This enables easy further processing, particularly through a pull-off mechanism that separates the lower and upper mold parts.

[0007] DE 10 2005 048 930 A1 discloses a block mold for producing concrete blocks, comprising an upper mold part with at least one punch with a pressure piece and a lower mold part with at least one mold cavity for use in a block molding machine, wherein the lower mold part can be moved up and down in a block molding machine. The lower mold part can be placed on a mold base of the block molding machine and the upper mold part can be coupled to an up and down movable machine holder of the block molding machine. A filling box of the block molding machine can be moved over the lower mold part, and the upper mold part and / or the lower mold part has play with a machine frame of the block molding machine. A centering device is provided for aligning the lower mold part and the upper mold part in an xy plane.This ensures that the two molded parts are precisely centered relative to each other, with a conical section on the centering device slowly releasing the centering of the molded parts after the pressure piece has been immersed in the mold cavity.

[0008] DE 10 2015 103 829 A1 describes a device for producing precast concrete parts in a molding machine, which device comprises an upper mold part with at least one pressure stamp for transmitting a force to at least one pressure plate, wherein the pressure plate can be inserted in the vertical direction into an opening of a mold cavity in a lower mold part, wherein the lower mold part is surrounded by a frame which has a guide means connected to the upper mold part, which is designed such that the lower mold part can be tilted against the upper mold part from the vertical direction during the engagement of the pressure plates in the openings of the mold cavity.

[0009] DE 10 2008 017 964 A1 shows a plant for producing shaped blocks with a centering device according to the preamble of claim 1. In this case, the plant has at least one approximately horizontal floating plane in which the stamp plate and / or the mold cavity can be displaced relative to a machine frame of the plant, wherein the displacement can be controlled by the centering device.

[0010] DE 10 2004 004 188 A1 discloses a concrete block production facility in which an interchangeably mounted support plate is provided for holding the blocks to be produced. A lower mold section with mold cavities whose cross-sections correspond to the cross-sections of the blocks to be produced can be placed on the support plate, and an upper mold section with pressure pieces on plunger tubes adapted to the cross-sections of the mold cavities for inserting the pressure pieces into the mold cavities within the production facility is movably mounted. When the lower mold section rests on the support plate, the mold cavities are closed from below by the support plate. The support plate and the lower mold section are each connected to a vibrator device that generates vertical vibrations, transmitting vibrations.On the one hand, on the upper part of the mold and on the other hand, on the lower part of the mold outside the pressure pieces and associated mold cavities, complementary and communicating guide elements are provided for relative movements between these two components.

[0011] The object of the invention is to provide a device for producing concrete molded parts in which the centering between the upper mold part and the lower mold part is further improved, whereby in particular all phases of the production process are to be taken into account.

[0012] The invention is defined in the claims. The object is achieved by the features of patent claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the subclaims. The description, particularly in conjunction with the drawings, further characterizes and specifies the invention.

[0013] Accordingly, in the device according to the invention, an upper guide element is arranged on the loading device and a lower guide element is arranged on the holder. These guide elements guide the upper mold part with the pressure stamps and the lower mold part with the recesses. In addition to the existing guidance on the guide columns, they ensure continuous guidance of the pressure stamps relative to the lower mold part. The loading device is continuously guided relative to the lower mold part in a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction during the production of concrete blocks.Although the upper and lower guide elements can be pushed apart relative to each other in the axial direction to such an extent that they are no longer engaged, for example during modification or maintenance, during the production of concrete blocks, i.e. during filling with a filling carriage, compression, or demolding, guidance takes place between the load-bearing device relative to the mold base in the plane perpendicular to the insertion direction. It has been observed that the guidance via the guide columns is often inadequate, so that the pressure plates occasionally strike sideways in the recesses or rest on them, resulting in increased wear.The solution according to the invention now creates a type of self-guided device in a stone production machine, in which, in particular, guidance via the upper guide element and the lower guide element can be ensured, for example, during filling with a filling carriage. The pressure plates and the recesses in the lower mold section now only have a shaping property for the desired stone product, so they no longer need to be provided with any additional guiding function.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the invention, the loading device is connected to the guide columns via a bear plate, wherein the pressure stamps are connected via a stamp plate which is connected to the loading device via an intermediate plate, wherein the intermediate plate has laterally projecting sections on which the upper guide device is arranged.

[0015] In addition to the weight of the ballast device, it is connected via a ram plate, for example to a hydraulic press, with the combination of ballast device and ram plate being connected to the guide columns in the usual way. The pressure stamps are not directly connected to the ballast device on their side facing away from the recesses, but are typically screwed to an intermediate plate that has laterally projecting sections, thus creating a connection point for the upper guide device outside the stone field. This results in a compact structure in which guidance is achieved via the upper guide device on the ballast device without complicating the design of a device according to the invention.In particular, the device according to the invention allows wearing parts such as the pressure plates or the upper guide device to be easily replaced in the event of wear, while the pressure stamps or the base load can continue to be used as reusable parts in the area of ​​the upper mold part even if they are replaced or worn.

[0016] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the upper and lower guide devices have a plurality of guide positions in the region of the frame and laterally to the loading device.

[0017] Accordingly, guidance between the lower mold part and the upper mold part is achieved at several guide positions, so that more precise guidance and centering of the two components relative to one another can be ensured. In particular, it is provided to provide two guide positions on opposite sides of the lower mold part or the loading device with corresponding guide positions, which are advantageously arranged diagonally opposite one another in order to further improve guidance between the upper mold part and the lower mold part. Alternatively or additionally, four guide positions can also be provided, which are advantageously arranged in the area of ​​the corner of the frame or the loading device. A double or quadruple design of the guide positions allows for precise guidance by means of the upper and lower guide elements.

[0018] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the upper guide element and the lower guide element have a plurality of centering bolts engaging in centering bushings.

[0019] Accordingly, the guidance between the upper and lower mold parts is achieved by means of centering pins and centering bushings, which can, for example, be selected with a round cross-section to ensure constant concentric guidance of the upper mold part relative to the lower mold part. However, it is also conceivable in other designs to use other cross-sections or to work with different diameters along the guide pin.

[0020] In particular, it is provided that the guide bushings and / or the guide pins are replaceable, since as moving parts they are subject to wear and may have to be replaced once or several times while the device according to the invention is in use.

[0021] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the mold base is arranged above a production board on a vibrating table, with the frame of the mold base determining the mold height. The mold base can have a replaceable insert, which can also be replaced as a wear part during operation of the device according to the invention or adapted to a different block shape if the device is to be converted for a different block shape. Just like the pressure plates and the centering bolts or centering bushings, the insert of the mold base is provided as a wear part, while the frame of the mold base is a reusable component of the device. The frame can therefore be reused if the block layer changes but the mold height remains the same.

[0022] The device is designed in such a way that its components are interchangeable, allowing easy adjustment in the event of wear or a change in the stone shape.

[0023] Below, some examples are explained in more detail using the drawings. They show: Figure 1 shows a device according to the invention in a perspective side view, Figure 2 shows the device from Figure 1 in a first side view, Figure 3 the device from Figure 1 in a second side view, Figure 4 a detail of the device from Figure 1in a perspective side view, Figure 5A shows a further side view of the device according to the invention during operation, Figure 5B shows a further side view of the device according to the invention during operation, Figure 6A shows a further side view of the device according to the invention, Figure 6B shows a sectional view of the device according to the invention in a side view, and Figure 7 shows a detail of the device according to the invention in a perspective side view.

[0024] In the figures, identical or functionally equivalent components are provided with the same reference numerals.

[0025] With reference to Figure 1A first exemplary embodiment of a device 2 according to the invention is explained in detail below. The device 2 is shown in a perspective side view and, in the usual way, has a vibrating table 4, on the top of which is a production board 6. A lower mold part 8 is arranged on the production board 6. This lower mold part 8 has an exchangeable insert 10 with recesses 12 that are surrounded by a frame 14, wherein the insert 10 is exchangeable in the frame 14. On two opposite sides, the frame 14 has holding struts 16 that create a connection between the frame 14 and a respective receptacle 18. The holding struts 16 can also be part of the receptacles 18. The two receptacles 18 are arranged on four guide columns 20, which are arranged in the usual way in the area of ​​the corners of the lower mold part 8 and surround the area outside the vibrating table 4.Opposite the recesses 12 is the upper mold part 22, which has a plurality of pressure plates 24, the dimensions of which approximately correspond to the recesses 12. The pressure plates 24 are connected via pressure stamps 26 to a loading device 28, which in turn is connected on the side facing away from the upper mold part to a ram plate 30, which is guided on the guide columns 20 and can be actuated by a hydraulic press via a stamp 32.

[0026] Between the pressure stamps 26 and the loading device 28, a holding plate 34 is mounted, which has sections 36 projecting laterally beyond the loading device 28, which on their underside facing the lower mold part 8 each have a guide pin 38 which can engage in a corresponding guide bushing 40 on the holding struts 16, wherein the device 2 according to Figure 1at each corner of the upper mold part 22 corresponding guide pins 38 and at each corner of the lower mold part 8 corresponding guide bushes 40, so that the upper mold part 22 is guided with respect to the lower mold part 8 via the combination of guide pins 38 and guide bush 40.

[0027] The device 2 according to the invention thus creates a combination of upper mold part 22 and lower mold part 8, in which guidance is provided not only by the guide columns 20 but also by the guide devices formed by the guide pins 38 and guide bushings 40. Thus, the pressure plates 24 together with the insert 10 no longer perform any guiding function, since they are only required to compress the concrete mixture located in the recesses 12, and when the upper mold part 22 moves toward the lower mold part 8, no contact can occur between the two moving parts.

[0028] With reference to Figure 2the device 2 is made of Figure 1 shown again in a first side view. It can be seen that the guide pins 38 forming the upper guide device are arranged outside the area of ​​the stone field on the laterally projecting sections 36, so that they can engage past the production board 6 and the vibrating table 4 into the corresponding bushing on the holding strut 16, without restricting the movement of the upper mold part 22 relative to the lower mold part 8 except for the guide in a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction 42.

[0029] In Figure 3 the device is made of Figure 1shown again in a second side view from the narrower side of the upper mold part 22. It can be seen that the guide pins 38 are arranged in the area of ​​the corners of the upper mold part 22, so that a total of four guide pins 38 can be used as a guide aid. These are advantageously arranged in the area of ​​the corners of the upper mold part 22, although a design with only one guide pin 38 on each short side of the upper mold part 22 would also be possible.

[0030] With reference to Figure 4 The position of the guide bushings 40 in the support strut 16 is shown in more detail. It can be seen that the guide bushings 40 are mechanically and stably connected to the frame 14 via the support struts 16 and the receptacles 18, so that the guide pins 38 can be inserted accordingly. The receptacles 18, in turn, are firmly connected to the guide columns 20. The combination of guide pin 38 and guide bushing 40 is shown in Figure 4with round cross-sections, which represent the preferred embodiments. In other embodiments, however, it may also be conceivable to use a different shape of the cross-sectional surfaces, so that, for example, elliptical, hexagonal or square bolts or bushings can also be used. The guide bolt 38 is in Figure 4 shown in the form of a cylinder. This can also have a slightly conical shape with respect to its outer surfaces.

[0031] In the Figure 5A and 5B The function of the guide devices by means of the guide pin 38 and the guide bush 40 during operation of the device 2 is explained in more detail below. Figure 5Athat when the lower mold part 8 is released, the guide pin 38 is in engagement with the guide bush 40, so that the lower mold part 8 can be filled with a concrete mixture, which is typically done by means of a filling carriage, wherein during filling the upper mold part 22 is already guided with the lower mold part 8 over the guide elements. When fully compressed by means of the ram plate 30, which in Figure 5B As shown, the maximum engagement of the guide elements is achieved, so that during operation of the device 2 the upper mold part 22 remains constantly guided with respect to the lower mold part 8, so that the guidance via the guide columns 20, which is usually considered insufficient, can be dispensed with.

[0032] In Figure 6A is again the view from Figure 5A shown, where an auxiliary line is drawn that shows the Figure 6Billustrated sectional plane A - A'. It can be seen that the device 2 has a modular design, so that quickly wearing parts, such as the guide pins 38, the guide bushings 40, the pressure plates 24, or even the inserts 10, can be quickly replaced, so that rapid replacement is possible both when adapting the device 2 to changed stone shapes and when individual components of the device 2 wear out.

[0033] In Figure 7The upper mold part 22 and the lower mold part 8 are shown separately again. It can be seen that the frame 14 of the lower mold part 8, which is provided with the interchangeable inserts 10, has the lateral holding strut 16, which is provided with the guide bushings 40. The height 44 of the frame 14 determines the height of the stone formed in the recesses 12. Consequently, the frame 14 can also be used for different stone sizes with the same stone height by replacing the insert 10 with a different insert, so that the recesses 12 would be different in terms of dimensions. It can also be seen that several pressure stamps 26 and pressure plates 24 are combined into a unit by means of a stamp plate 46.

[0034] The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but can be modified in many ways within the scope of expert knowledge without deviating from the scope of the appended claims. List of reference symbols:

[0035] 2 Fixture 4 Vibrating table 6 Production board 8 Lower mold section 10 Insert 12 Recesses 14 Frame 16 Support strut 18 Mount 20 Guide columns 22 Upper mold section 24 Pressure plates 26 Pressure stamp 28 Loading device 30 Bearing plate 32 Stamp 34 Holding plate 36 Sections 38 Upper guide element, guide pin 40 Lower guide element, guide bush 42 Insertion direction 44 Height 46 Stamp plate

Claims

1. Device for producing concrete blocks, in which a lower mold part (8) is inserted into a frame (14) which is fastened via retaining struts (16) to receptacles (18) of a plurality of guide columns (20) which are oriented along an insertion direction (42) and have, above the lower mold part (8), a loading means (28) which is movable along the guide columns (20) and which has, on its side facing the lower mold part (8), an upper mold part (22) in which one or more pressure plates (24) are or can be inserted into one or more recesses (12) of the lower mold part (8), the loading means (28) being connected to the pressure plates (24) via pressure stamps (26), an upper guide element (38) being arranged between the loading means (28) and the pressure stamps (26), characterized in that the upper guide element (38) interacts in such a way with a lower guide element (40) arranged on the support strut (16) that during the production of concrete blocks, comprising filling of the lower mold part (8), compression and demolding, the loading means (28) is constantly guided relative to the lower mold part (8) in a plane perpendicular to the insertion direction (42), the upper and lower guide elements (38, 40) being engaged, and the upper guide element (38) interacting with the lower guide element (40) in such a way that when the lower mold part (8) is exposed, the lower mold part (8) can be filled with a concrete mixture, the upper guide element (38), which has a plurality of guide bolts, being already engaged with the lower guide element (40), which has a plurality of guide bushes, and the loading means (28) remaining constantly guided with respect to the lower mold part (8) during the production of concrete blocks.

2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the loading means (28) is connected to the guide columns (20) via a bear plate (30), a holding plate (34) being arranged between the pressure stamp (26) and the loading means (28), which holding plate has portions (36) projecting laterally from the block field, to which portions the upper guide means (38) is fastened.

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper guide means (38) and the lower guide means (40) have a plurality of guide positions in the region of the frame (14) and laterally to the loading means (28).

4. Device according to claim 3, wherein two guide positions arranged on opposite sides of the lower mold part (8) or the loading means (28) are provided, the two guide positions being advantageously arranged diagonally opposite one another.

5. Device according to claim 4, wherein four guide positions are provided, which are advantageously arranged in the region of the corners of the frame (14) or the loading means (28).

6. Device according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the upper guide element (38) and the lower guide element (40) have a plurality of centering bolts, as guide bolts, engaging in centering bushes, as guide bushes.

7. Device according to claim 6, wherein the guide bushes (40) and / or the guide bolts (38) are interchangeable.

8. Device according to any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the lower mold part (8) is arranged on a vibrating table (4) via a production board (6), the frame (14) of the lower mold part (8) determining the mold height.

9. Device according to claim 8, wherein the lower mold part (8) has an interchangeable insert (10).

10. Device according to any of claims 1 to 9, the components of which are interchangeable so that adaptation is possible in the event of wear or a change in the block shape.

Images