Rotor part of an impact mill

Description

Technical field

[0001] The present invention describes a rotor part of an impact mill, which has a plurality of rotor tool knives that can be releasably fastened to a knife fastening plate, wherein each rotor tool knife can be releasably fastened to an associated knife position by means of a knife holder and the entire rotor part is mounted rotatably about a longitudinal axis in an impact mill housing at a defined radial distance from a stator part with a plurality of stator tools by means of a rotor part fastening sleeve fastened to a drive, and a method for adjusting the distance between a rotor tool knife, releasably fastened to a knife fastening plate of a rotor part of an impact mill, relative to a stator part fixed to an inner surface of an impact mill housing or its stator tools. State of the art

[0002] Impact mills or rotor mills have been known for a long time and are becoming increasingly important in the treatment of used materials for their recycling. Such impact mills are used to crush soft, medium-hard, fibrous, and brittle materials. The applicant wanted to develop an impact mill that could also be specifically used for the post-treatment and spheroidization of anode and cathode material from Li-ion battery recycling. The input material is fed into the impact mill from above and moved within an impact mill housing between a stator part and a rotor part. As the rotor part rotates with its rotor tools along the rigid stator part with correspondingly fixed stator tools, high impact forces act on the material. The adhering black mass detaches, and the anode and cathode material is simultaneously crushed and takes on the shape of spheres.The material is pneumatically conveyed through the impact mill. Typical rotor diameters range from one to two meters, the number of rotor tools is between 10 and 30, and rotor speeds of 40 to 100 m / s are achieved, with both left- and right-hand rotation rotors being preferred.

[0003] EP1960108 discloses a usable impact crusher with an impact crusher housing, wherein a stator part is arranged locally on the impact crusher housing and at least one rotatable rotor part with rotor tool knives is moved at a defined distance relative to the stator part. The rotor tool knives were detachably attached to a knife mounting plate, which primarily simplified the replacement of individual rotor tool knives. The individual rotor tool knives were held positively above and below the knife mounting plate by tool retaining brackets. Accordingly, the rotor tool knives had to be manufactured to match the two tool retaining brackets and were made of high-strength steel to be as wear-resistant as possible. The tool retaining bracket was optimized for the simplest possible attachment of the rotor tool knives to the knife mounting plate.Overall, replacing rotor tool blades is complex and often leads to problems due to the increased number of individual components, and requires extreme care. The same applies to a potentially desired radial outward offset of the rotor tool blades.

[0004] Impact mills and rotor parts with reusable and replaceable rotor tool blades are known, but the ease of replacing the rotor tool blades and adjusting the distance relative to the stator part 3 is disadvantageous and time-consuming.

[0005] Ultimately, the user-friendliness is not good and the impact mill is anything but easy to maintain. Description of the invention

[0006] The present invention aims to further develop an impact mill or a rotor part of an impact mill so that it achieves increased operating comfort. The exchange of rotor tool blades, as well as the simple and quick adjustment of the distance between the rotor tool blades and the stator tools of the stator part, leads to enormously increased user-friendliness. Compared to the replaceable rotor tool blades known from the prior art, this allows for quick adjustment and thus also prevents unintentional misadjustment in practice.

[0007] The method of distance adjustment is also claimed in method claims.

[0008] Variations of feature combinations or minor adaptations of the invention can be found in the detailed description, illustrated in the figures and included in the dependent patent claims. Short description of the drawings

[0009] A preferred embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is described below in the detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0010] Further features, details and advantages of the invention will also become apparent from the following description of slightly modified embodiments of the invention, which will be apparent to the person skilled in the art from the drawings alone. Figure 1 shows a view into an opened impact mill housing, looking at a rotor part and the stator part. Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a rotor part with a blade mounting plate and rotor part mounting sleeve. Figure 3 shows a sectional view through the rotor part with fully assembled rotor tool blades, while Figure 4 shows a partial perspective view of the rotor part during assembly of a rotor tool blade with spacer washer in a blade holder. Figure 5 shows a sectional view according to AA from Figure 3 through a part of the knife mounting plate in the area of a rotor tool knife. Description

[0011] An impact mill 0 is described, which has an impact mill housing 1 with a substantially cylindrical impact mill housing wall 10 and a corresponding inner surface 11. A stator part 3 of the impact mill 0 is arranged along the inner surface 11, which stator part comprises a plurality of stator tools 30, which may have different dimensions and, in known embodiments, are arranged directly or indirectly attached to the inner surface 11 from the outside or inside.

[0012] Necessary components, such as a drive unit with at least one motor and electronics for controlling and monitoring the impact crusher, are not shown here and are not explained in detail, as these components are known to those skilled in the art. For the purpose of the invention, the shape of a drive shaft, the bearings of the drive shaft, the number of rotor parts, and the detailed design of the stator part 3 are not particularly relevant and can be designed in various ways.

[0013] Of particular interest here is a rotor part 2 which is mounted in the impact mill housing 1 so as to be rotatable about a longitudinal axis L. The rotor part 2 has a knife fastening plate 21, a rotor part fastening sleeve 22 and a plurality of rotor tool knives 23 fastened thereto. The knife fastening plate 21 is also called a star plate since the shape of a multi-armed star is created by the radially outwardly projecting rotor tool knives 23.

[0014] During the rotation of the rotor part 2 or the knife fastening plate 21 with all components attached thereto, the material to be ground can be crushed in the space between the rotor tool knives 23 and the stator tools 30 fixed thereto.

[0015] The Figure 2 The rotor part 2 shown has a simplified interchangeability of the rotor tool blades 23. For this purpose, a spacer disk 24 is arranged on each rotor tool blade 23, which is operatively connected to a blade holder.

[0016] Here, the knife holder is designed, for example, as a knife holder plate 25. This ensures that the rotor tool knife 23, into which the spacer disk 24 is inserted, cannot move upwards. Each rotor tool knife 23 is releasably secured against rotation on the knife mounting plate 21 by a knife holder plate 25 per rotor tool knife 23. The tipping or rotation of the rotor tool knife 23 is prevented by the gap or slot as the knife holding recess 210 in the front part of the knife mounting plate 21. The rotor tool knife 23 is, for example, 15 mm thick, and the knife holding recess 210 is 15.5 mm wide. If the knife holder plate 25 is selected as a knife holder, it can be secured using the knife holder fastening means 26. This creates a simple, detachable connection between the rotor tool knife 23 and the knife mounting plate 21.The blade mounting fasteners 26 do not necessarily have to be removed or loosened to enable linear displacement of the blade mounting plate 25. Sufficient stability and retention of the rotor tool blade 23 are nevertheless ensured. The blade mounting plate 21 is freely movable and, if a fastening is forgotten, is displaced outwardly when the rotor part 2 is raised and thus rotates.

[0017] However, instead of the blade holder plate 25, it would also be possible to directly screw the rotor tool blade 23 to the blade mounting plate 21 with a screw whose screw head protrudes at least partially beyond the spacer washer 24. The blade holder would then be at least one screw, the head of which secures the spacer washer 24 upwards directly through the screw head, which protrudes at least partially beyond the spacer washer 24. This would eliminate the need for the blade holder plate 25, but corresponding screws and threaded holes or lock nuts would have to be provided. The technical effect would be the same, although the detachability of the rotor tool blade 23 including the spacer washer 24 would be more complex.

[0018] Sleeve fasteners 27, typically in the form of screws, nuts, and washers, are used to attach the blade mounting plate 21 to the rotor part mounting sleeve 22. Since enormous centrifugal forces and high radial accelerations are exerted during operation, the fixation of the rotor tool blades 23 and, of course, the blade mounting plate 21 must be ensured.

[0019] In the sectional view of the Figure 3The components of the rotor part 2 are shown again. The interchangeability of the rotor tool knives 23 is simplified by the use of the respective spacer sleeve 24, because the knife holder in the form of the knife holder plate 25 allows an indirect, detachable fastening of the rotor tool knives 23 to or in the knife mounting plate 21. In order to replace or install a rotor tool knife 23, the knife holder fastening means 26 can be released, so that the knife mounting plate 25 can be moved parallel to the knife mounting plate 21. The individual process steps are shown in Figure 4 indicated by Roman letters and dashed arrows. In a slight variation, the knife holder fastening means 26 can be designed such that they do not need to be loosened in order to linearly displace the knife holder plate 25.

[0020] First, however, the design of the components knife fastening plate 21, rotor tool knife 23 and knife holding plate 25 will be briefly explained.

[0021] In the knife mounting plate 21, an elongated knife holding recess 210 and a round plate spacer recess 212 are provided at the location of each rotor tool knife 23, i.e., each knife position. The spacer disc 24, which is also round, can be passed through the plate spacer recess 212 parallel to the longitudinal axis L.

[0022] In optimized embodiments, the plate spacer recess 212 is provided with a positioning projection 2121 and / or with a recess stop bead 2122. The elongated knife holding recess 210 serves to accommodate the part of the rotor tool knife 23. To ensure that the spacer 24 can be operatively connected to the rotor tool knife 23, each rotor tool knife 23 has a spacer recess 230 arranged on its side oriented toward the longitudinal axis L. The spacer 24 can be inserted laterally into the spacer recess 230 and then pushed with the rotor tool knife 23 into the elongated knife holding recess 210, which here takes place from above the knife fastening plate 21.

[0023] Along a lower edge, opposite the insertion side of the rotor tool blade 23, a recess stop bead 2122 is arranged on the plate spacer recess 212. This recess stop bead 2122 protrudes toward the center of the plate spacer recess 212, so that the spacer 24 cannot slip downward through the blade mounting plate 21 or the plate spacer recess 212.

[0024] Optionally, a bead receptacle 2123 can also be arranged at the upper edge of the plate spacer recess 212, which is advantageous depending on the design of the spacer 24.

[0025] The recess stop bead 2122 and the bead receptacle 2123 are designed here as an option or additional feature to prevent the spacer disc 24 from falling through downwards. In practice, at least the design of a stop bead 242 running around the edge of the spacer disc 24 has been established, as in Figure 4visible. At the upper edge of the spacer disc 24 is the circumferential stop bead 242, so that when the spacer disc 24 is fastened, it rests in the spacer disc recess 230 on the blade mounting plate 21.

[0026] The knife holder is designed as a knife holder plate 25, which here has a knife receiving recess 251, whereby a fork-like shape is achieved. The width of the knife receiving recess 251 is slightly larger than the width of the side of the rotor tool knife 23 to be inserted, so that the knife holder plate 25 can be displaced parallel to the knife fastening plate 21 radially in the direction of the rotor tool knife 23, with the rotor tool knife 23 inserted into the knife holding recess 210 or with the knife holding recess 210 free. This method step is denoted by I in Figure 4marked. Before moving, the knife holder fastening means 26 can be loosened. If the knife holder plate 21 is loose, the knife holder plate 21 is displaced outward by centrifugal force. A sliding slot 250 is provided in the knife holder plate 25 opposite the knife receiving recess 251, so that the knife holder fastening means 26 do not have to be completely loosened before the knife holder plate 25 can be moved linearly.

[0027] If the knife holding plate 25 is displaced radially towards the center of the knife fastening plate 21 after step I, the rotor tool knife 23 with the spacer disk 24 inserted in the spacer disk recess 230 can be pulled out upwards parallel to the longitudinal axis L in a step II.

[0028] This allows rotor tool blades 23 to be exchanged and replaced quickly and easily, with only steps I and II being necessary.

[0029] In practice, however, the rotor tool blade 23 should not be completely replaced to conserve resources. The rotor tools 23 should be used multiple times and only replaced when completely worn out. Optimized use of the rotor tool blades 23 and thus reducing wear costs is extremely important today. Adjusting the gap between rotor part 2 and stator tools 30 is essential for the actual process. The gap has a strong influence on the quality of the disintegration, ball formation, and comminution. The narrower the gap, the better the quality and the finer the product; conversely, wear increases, energy consumption and process heat increase, and throughput decreases. To solve this problem, fastening using a spacer disc 24 can also be useful.Thus, a variable adjustment of the distance between the plurality of rotor tool blades 23, which are detachably mounted on the blade mounting plate 21 of the rotor part 2, relative to the plurality of stator tools 30, which are arranged on the inner surface 11 of the impact mill housing 1, is desired.

[0030] Here, the spacer disc 24 has several recesses 240 cut out along its circumference parallel to the longitudinal axis of the spacer disc 24. These recesses 240 have different depths, where depth is understood to be the distance between the circumference and the end of the recess 240 in the direction of the center of the recess 240. Specifically, Figures 4 and 5Spacer disks 24 are shown, each with four recesses 240 that completely cross in the longitudinal direction, i.e., parallel to a longitudinal axis. At least one recess 240 can be operatively inserted into at least one positioning projection 2121 on the plate spacer disk recess 212. It would also be possible to design the spacer disk 24 with more or fewer than four recesses 240 in the spacer disk 24, each with different depths of the recesses 240.

[0031] As shown in the partial section view Figure 5 , along line AA from Figure 3The detachable fastening of the rotor tool blade 23 in the blade fastening plate 21 is possible in four different orientations of the spacer disk 24. When the rotor tool blade 23 is installed, the spacer disk 24 is mounted in the plate spacer disk recess 212, while the rotor tool blade 23 is mounted in the blade holding recess 210. The distance between the tip of the rotor tool blade 23 and the stator tool 30 is adjusted depending on the orientation of the spacer disk 24 or with its recess 240 facing the center of the blade fastening plate 21 in the radial direction. An undesired rotation of the spacer disk 24 in the plate spacer disk recess 212 is not possible due to the at least one positioning projection 2121, since the recesses 240 of the spacer disk 24 can only be retracted at these positions.The spacer disk 24, which is freely rotatable in the spacer disk recess 230 in the rotor tool blade 23, can be placed together with the rotor tool blade 23 only in four defined orientations in the plate spacer disk recess 212.

[0032] As indicated by the double arrow, the rotor tool blade 23 can be mounted by means of a spacer disk 24 in the spacer disk recess 230 in the plate spacer disk recess 212 of the blade fastening plate 21 and even the distance between the tip of the rotor tool blade 23 and the stator tool 30 can be varied.

[0033] On at least one end face of the spacer 24, as shown in Figure 5A marking 241 associated with the various recesses 240 can be printed, lasered, or embossed. Four different markings, 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5, are printed here. The higher the value, the larger the flight circle of the rotor tool blade 23 and the smaller the distance to the stator tool 30. When the rotor tool blade 23 is mounted in the blade mounting plate 21, the rotor tool blade 23 remains radially in the respective outer position due to centrifugal force. The markings 241 can be identified by different colors. Distance adjustment procedure

[0034] If the tip of the rotor tool blade 23 facing the stator part 3 is worn, the distance of the rotor tool blade 23 relative to the stator part 3 can be varied as follows.

[0035] First, the knife holding plate 25 is released if the knife holding plate 25 was attached, otherwise this step can be skipped, and pushed linearly towards the center of the knife fixing plate 21, away from the knife holding recess 210 and the spacer disc recess 230, according to method step I.

[0036] Now, the rotor tool blade 23, together with the spacer disk 24 inserted into the spacer disk recess 230, is pulled upwards parallel to the longitudinal axis L in step II, as clearly visible in Figure II. Before moving, the blade holder fastening means 26 is loosened. "Up" here refers to the side of the blade mounting plate 21 on which the blade mounting plate 25 is arranged.

[0037] In order to achieve a varied distance from the stator part 3 when reinstalling the same rotor tool blade 23, according to a third step III, the spacer disk 24 is rotated about its longitudinal axis until a different recess 240 than before is located in the spacer disk recess 230 facing the tip of the rotor tool blade 23. This is indicated by the dashed double arrow in Figure 4 Then the rotor tool knife 23 with spacer disc 24 is reinserted into the knife holding recess 210 and plate spacer disc recess 212, as shown in Figure 5shown. The knife mounting plate 25 is then pushed back to the outer edge of the knife mounting plate 21, whereby the knife mounting plate 21 is partially pushed over the spacer disk 24, so that the rotor tool knife 23 is indirectly secured against slipping upwards by the spacer disk 24. Once the knife mounting plate 25 is reattached and the process has been repeated for selected rotor tool knives 23, the impact mill housing 1 can be loaded and closed, and the impact mill 0 can resume operation.

[0038] The distance adjustment process can be performed several times with a rotor tool blade 23 before a change is necessary. This distance adjustment is comparatively quick and easy. The rotor tool blade 23 is indirectly held in a releasably form-fitting manner in the blade holding recess 210 and the plate spacer recess 212 by means of the spacer disc (24) and the blade holder fastening means 26.

[0039] In our case, three such rotor parts 2 form the rotor in three levels. The levels can be mounted in line or offset, which influences the time it takes for the material to flow from top to bottom.

[0040] If the material remains in the mill longer, the digestion improves and the throughput decreases.

[0041] We consider the rotor height created with three levels of rotor parts 2 to be ideal. We can adapt the rotor tools on the three levels to suit the breaking down / crushing process, i.e. we can make the gap between rotor part 2 and stator part 3 smaller from top to bottom. Different levels with mounted rotor tool knives 23 are generally set to different gap sizes. The rotor tool knives 23 in the top level are set to the largest gap; the size and type of input material determine the setting. The further the material goes down in the impact mill 0, the more it is balled up / crushed. The gap sizes in the lower levels are therefore set increasingly narrower. List of reference symbols

[0042] 0 Impact mill 1 Impact mill housing 10 Impact mill housing wall (cylindrical) 11 Inner surface 2 Rotor part (at least one) 21 Knife fastening plate 210 Knife holding recess (space for knife and DS in plane) 212 Plate spacer recess 2121 Positioning projection (240 retracts there) 2122 Recess stop bead 2123 Optional bead holder 22 Rotor part fastening sleeve 23 Rotor tool knife 230 Spacer recess (for DS in 23, transverse to the plane) 24 Spacer 240 Recesses (different depths) 241 Markings (adjustment path towards stator part, radial) 242 Stop bead (partially along edge) Knife holder 25 Knife holder plate 250 Sliding slot 251 Knife holder recess 26 Knife holder fastening means 27 Sleeve fastening means 3 Stator part (rigid in the impact mill housing, rotating) 30 Stator tools (multiple, different widths, differently mounted)

Claims

1. rotor part (2) of an impact mill (0), which has a plurality of rotor tool knives (23) which can be separably attached to a knife mounting plate (21), wherein each rotor tool knife (23) can be attached to an assigned knife position by means of a knife holder and the entire rotor part (2) can be attached to an assigned knife position by means of a rotor part attachment sleeve (22) attached to a drive in an impact mill housing (1) at a defined radial distance to a stator part (3) with a majority of stator tools (30) mounted in a rotatable manner around a longitudinal axis, characterised in that a spacer recess (230) is recessed from each rotor tool knife (23), a knife retaining recess (210) and a plate spacer recess (212) are recessed from the knife fastening plate (21) at each knife position, and one distance disc (24) per rotor tool knife (23) can be rotated in the spacer recess (230) and fixed in the plate spacer recess (212), wherein a stop bead (242) circumferential to an upper edge of the distance disc (24) is arranged and each knife holder fixes a rotor tool knife (23) to the knife mounting plate (21) and thus enables a parallel movement of the rotor tool knife (23) by interaction with the distance disc (24) and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L).

2. Rotor part (2) according to claim 1, wherein the knife holder is designed as a knife mounting plate (25), which holds the rotor tool knife (23) by knife holder fastener (26) to the knife mounting plate (21).

3. Rotor part (2) according to claim 2, wherein knife mounting plate (25) is linearly movable and has a knife recess (251) as a gap on the tool side facing the rotor tool knife (23) and the knife holder fasteners (26) are arranged in a sliding slotted hole (250) in the knife mounting plate (21).

4. Rotor part (2) according to any one of the preceding claims 2 or 3, wherein a recess stop bead (2122) is at least partially circumferential on one side of the plate spacer recess (212).

5. Rotor part (2) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein along the circumference of the distance disc (24) several recesses (240) of different depths parallel to the longitudinal axis of the distance disc (24) are recessed.

6. Rotor part (2) according to claim 4, wherein at least two recesses (240) are completely recessed the distance disc (24) in the longitudinal direction with two different depths and prefers four or more recesses (240) completely crossing the distance disc (24) in the longitudinal direction with four or more different depths.

7. Rotor part (2) according to any one of claims 4 or 5, wherein markings (241) are printed, lasered or embossed on at least one end face of the distance disc (24) assignable to the recesses (240).

8. An impact mill (0) having an impact mill housing (1) and a cylindrical impact mill housing wall (10), on the inner surface of which (11) a circumferential stator part (3) with a plurality of stator tools (30) is arranged and at least one rotor part (2) is arranged in a rotatable manner according to one of the preceding claims.

9. Method for adjusting the distance between a rotor tool knife (23) attached to a knife mounting plate (21) of a rotor part (2) of an impact mill (0) relative to a stator part (3) fixed to an inner surface (11) of an impact mill housing (1) or its stator tools (30), characterized by the steps: I) Detaching a knife holder from the rotor tool knife (23), II) Lift the rotor tool knife (23) together with a distance disc (24) upwards from a knife retaining recess (210) and a plate spacer recess (212) in the knife mounting plate (21) and then III) rotation of the distance disc (24) so that another recess (240) of the distance disc (24) is turned towards the distance disc (24) on the side opposite to the tip of the rotor tool knife (23) and the rotor tool knife (23) is thus held indirectly together with the distance disc (24) is inserted back into the knife retaining recess (210) and plate spacer recess (212) and is fixed again to the knife mounting plate (21) by means of a knife holder.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the knife holder is designed as a knife mounting plate (25) fixable by knife holder fastener (26) and thus in step I) by linear displacement of the knife mounting plate (25) parallel to the center of the knife mounting plate (21) in the case of previously loosened or unmanipulated knife holder fasteners (26), the rotor tool knife (23) is freed and in step III) the rotor tool knife (23) is fixed to the knife mounting plate (21) by pushing back the knife mounting plate (25).