Vehicle door with a handle assembly and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle door (1) with a handle arrangement (2), wherein the vehicle door (1) comprises at least: - a door support structure (3) and - a channel strip (8) which is arranged on the upper side of the door support structure (3), wherein the handle arrangement (2) is movably, in particular pivotably, arranged on the channel strip (8) and comprises a handle element (9) which can be grasped on an outside of the vehicle door (1), and wherein the handle element (9) is designed as a device operable in at least one direction (R1, R2) for actively actuating at least two switching functions.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a handle arrangement, a vehicle door with such a handle arrangement and a vehicle with such a vehicle door.

[0002] Door handles for vehicle doors are generally familiar and are used, for example, in motor vehicles to enable keyless unlocking of the vehicle. Sensors in these door handles are designed as capacitive proximity switches, meaning they measure the capacitance between an active electrode and an electrical ground potential.

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide an easily mountable handle assembly, a vehicle door with an easily mountable handle assembly, and improved functionality. Furthermore, the object of the invention is to provide a vehicle with such a vehicle door with an improved handle.

[0004] With regard to the handle arrangement, the object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claim 1. With regard to the vehicle door, the object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claim 6. With regard to the vehicle, the object is achieved according to the invention by the features of patent claim 13.

[0005] Advantageous further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent patent claims.

[0006] The handle arrangement according to the invention comprises at least one handle element and a handle carrier, which comprises a fixed carrier part that is or can be connected to a door support structure, and a movable carrier part on which the handle element can be arranged or is arranged in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner, wherein the movable carrier part and the handle element are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, and wherein the movable carrier part is mounted on the fixed carrier part so as to be rotatable about an axis of rotation, wherein the axis of rotation of the movable carrier part corresponds to the axis of rotation of the handle element.

[0007] The vehicle door according to the invention comprises at least one handle arrangement, a door support structure and a shaft strip which is arranged on the upper side of the door support structure, wherein the handle arrangement is arranged on the shaft strip in a movable manner, in particular in a rotational manner, for example pivotable, or translational manner, for example displaceable or movable, and comprises a handle element which can be grasped on an outer side of the vehicle door, and wherein the handle element is designed as a device which can be actuated in at least one direction for actively actuating at least two switching functions.

[0008] Preferably, the handle element can be actuated in at least two directions to actively actuate at least two or more switching functions.

[0009] Depending on the vehicle door, it may also have a vehicle frame that is adjacent to the door support structure.

[0010] The advantages achieved by the invention are, in particular, that a vehicle door with such a multifunctional handle element requires fewer components and is simple and cost-effective to manufacture. Furthermore, such a multifunctional handle element with fewer components also requires less installation space. Furthermore, arranging the handle assembly on a switch strip in the door shell eliminates the need for a conventional recessed handle. This allows for a simple and cost-effective flush design compared to conventional, cost-intensive, extendable handle systems.

[0011] In one possible embodiment, the handle assembly comprises a handle support comprising a fixed support part connected to the door support structure and a movable support part on which the handle element can be arranged in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner. The movable support part and the handle element are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner. The movable support part is mounted on the fixed support part so that it can move, in particular rotatably or linearly, in particular displaceably or mobile. The rotational axis of the movable support part corresponds to the rotational axis of the handle element.

[0012] Using the movable support part, the handle element attached to it can be moved in one or more directions. This allows multiple switching points or switching functions to be created. For example, a pressure force acting on the handle element can be used to lock a lock on the vehicle door and / or the vehicle. A tensile force acting on the handle element can be used to unlock the lock on the vehicle door and / or the vehicle.

[0013] Additionally, the handle element itself and its arrangement on the movable support part can be configured such that different actuating forces acting on the handle element generate correspondingly different switching functions or switching points. Thus, force thresholds can be predefined or specified for different actuating forces, which generate or trigger different switching functions or switching points. For example, a low force on the handle element can cause a lock to lock, while a higher force on the handle element can cause a double locking of the lock. Alternatively or additionally, the adjustment speed of an adjustable vehicle door can be adjusted according to the actuating force acting on the handle element.For example, a higher actuating force can increase the adjustment speed and a lower actuating force can reduce the adjustment speed.

[0014] In one possible embodiment, the handle element is hinged to the handle support. For example, the rotational axis of the handle element is located in the area of ​​the handle support or the shaft strip. The handle support is arranged, in particular, in a cavity of the door support structure, in particular between an inner door skin and an outer door skin. Such a pivot joint for the handle element arranged on the inner handle support protects the adjustment mechanism of the handle element, in particular against mechanical stress and dirt.

[0015] A further aspect provides that the handle carrier is provided with a sensor comprising a first metal surface and a second metal surface arranged at a distance therefrom, which is movable in the direction of the first metal surface, and an electronic unit by means of which a change in capacitance or inductance caused by the change in the distance between the metal surfaces can be detected. The distance between the first metal surface and the second metal surface can be in the range of 0.1 to 5 mm and can be, for example, 1 mm or 1.5 mm. The second metal surface is arranged in particular on the handle element and / or on the movable support part. In this case, even a minimal movement, in particular pivoting, of the handle element and the movable support part caused by contact with the handle element can lead to a corresponding rotation of the second metal surface relative to the first metal surface.A resulting change in the distance between the two metal surfaces leads to a corresponding change in capacitance or inductance, which can be detected by the electronic unit. The space between the metal surfaces preferably contains a dielectric, which can be, for example, a gas, in particular air, and / or an elastically deformable solid, such as a plastic foam or similar.

[0016] For example, the first metal surface is arranged on the fixed support part and the second metal surface is arranged on the movable support part. The second metal surface, for example a metal strip or a thin metal sheet, is arranged on one side of the movable support part, in particular fastened, for example glued or soldered. The handle element is arranged on the opposite side of the movable support part. Actuation, in particular pivoting, of the handle element causes a corresponding movement, in particular pivoting, of the movable support part and with it the second metal surface relative to the first metal surface. In particular, the handle element is adjustable between a first switching movement directed away from the vehicle door and a second switching movement directed towards the vehicle door, in particular rotationally adjustable, in particular pivotable, or translationally adjustable, in particular displaceable or movable.The sensor is designed in such a way that even the slightest movements of the handle element, for example in a range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm, are detected as a switching movement.

[0017] Furthermore, the electronic unit is designed to trigger a first predefined or programmable switching function or action upon detection of the first switching movement, for example, unlocking one or all vehicle doors of a vehicle, and to trigger a second predefined or programmable switching function or action upon detection of the second switching movement, for example, locking one or all vehicle doors of the vehicle, in particular their electronic locks. Additionally, the electronic unit can be designed to trigger further switching functions upon exceeding a predetermined threshold value of a detected change in capacitance or inductance, for example, changing the speed of the adjustment movement of the sliding door of an automatic sliding door of a vehicle or switching drive systems on or off.Such configurable switching functions, using predefined threshold values ​​for the detected capacitance or inductance changes, also allow the haptics of the handle element, in particular the actuation force required to trigger the switching functions, to be parameterized. This makes it possible to parameterize lower actuation forces for triggering switching functions.

[0018] A further aspect provides that the shaft strip comprises a largely vertically projecting support strip on which the handle assembly is arranged in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner and, in particular, is mounted with limited movement. For example, the handle support can have a first end stop for limiting the first switching movement of the handle element and a second end stop for limiting the second switching movement of the handle element.

[0019] According to a further embodiment, in addition to the sensor described above, a capacitive proximity switch can be provided on the handle element for additional switching functions, such as unlocking or locking the vehicle. The sensor described above is located inside the vehicle door on the interior handle support. The capacitive proximity switch is located on the outside of the handle element. It is understood that for proper function of the proximity switch, care must be taken to ensure that the active electrode of the proximity switch is not metallically shielded.

[0020] Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the drawings: Figure 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a vehicle door with a handle arrangement, Figure 2 schematically shows an enlarged section of the perspective view according to Figure 1in the area of ​​the handle arrangement, Figure 3 schematically shows a sectional view through the vehicle door in the area of ​​the handle arrangement, Figure 4 a schematic block diagram of a sensor of the handle arrangement, Figure 5 a perspective view of a handle arrangement as an assembly unit, and Figure 6 schematically shows a perspective view of the vehicle door without the vehicle outer skin and with the handle arrangement as an assembly unit.

[0021] Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures.

[0022] Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a vehicle door 1 with a handle arrangement 2. The handle arrangement 2 is an outside door handle.

[0023] The vehicle door 1 comprises a door support structure 3 and a door frame 4. Alternatively, the vehicle door 1 can be frameless (not shown) and not have a door frame 4, for example, in the case of a convertible. The invention is applicable to both vehicle doors 1 with a door frame 4 and frameless vehicle doors 1. The invention is described below for a vehicle door 1 with a door frame 4.

[0024] The door frame 4 has a pane opening 5, which can be closed by a window pane (not shown in detail). For this purpose, the window pane is movably arranged in the door support structure 3 in the usual manner, in particular between a closed position in which the window pane is raised and the pane opening 5 is closed, and an open position in which the window pane is recessed into the door support structure 3 and the pane opening 5 is open.

[0025] The door support structure 3 comprises, for example, an outer vehicle skin 6 and an inner vehicle skin 7. The door support structure 3 is made of sheet metal, which is usually painted. The door support structure 3 can be covered on the inside.

[0026] The vehicle door 1 further comprises a shaft strip 8. The shaft strip 8 is arranged on the top side of the door support structure 3. For example, a narrow longitudinal gap is provided on the top side of the door support structure 3, through which the window pane is moved. The shaft strip 8 is arranged in the region of the longitudinal gap and extends along the door support structure 3 on both sides of the window pane. The shaft strip 8 serves to seal the door support structure 3 and the window pane. This prevents, in particular, water, dirt, snow, but also wind from penetrating the door support structure 3.

[0027] The sash strip 8 typically includes two soft sealing lips that rest against the window pane on either side. They are movable to prevent noise when the window pane moves.

[0028] The handle assembly 2 is arranged on the shaft strip 8 so that it can be moved, in particular pivoted. Alternatively, the handle assembly 2 can be designed so that it can be moved translationally, in particular displaced or slidable (not shown in detail). The invention is applicable to both a rotationally movable handle assembly 2 and a translationally movable handle assembly 2. The invention is described below for a rotationally movable, in particular pivotable, handle assembly 2.

[0029] The handle assembly 2 comprises a handle element 9, which can be grasped on an outer side of the vehicle door 1. The handle element 9 is designed such that it is operable in at least two directions R1, R2 for actively actuating at least two switching functions. Alternatively, the handle element 9 can also be designed to actively actuate at least two switching functions in only one of the directions R1 or R2.

[0030] The handle element 9 protrudes vertically upwards from the shaft strip 8 and the door support structure 3. The handle element 9 is arranged at a distance from the door frame 4.

[0031] Optionally, a capacitive proximity switch 12 can be provided on the handle element 9 for additional switching functions, such as unlocking or locking the vehicle. The capacitive proximity switch 12 is located on the outside of the handle element 9. It is understood that for proper function of the proximity switch, it is important to ensure that the active electrode of the proximity switch is not metallically shielded.

[0032] Such a movable handle arrangement 2 provided on the shaft strip 8 can be designed compactly, enables several switching functions and requires little installation space.

[0033] Figure 2 shows schematically an enlarged section of the perspective view according to Figure 1 in the area of ​​the handle arrangement 2.

[0034] The shaft strip 8 additionally comprises a largely vertically projecting support strip 10. The support strip 10 can be flexible. The support strip 10 can additionally be designed as a sealing lip. The support strip 10 extends along the shaft strip 8 and the door support structure 3. The handle arrangement 2 is arranged on the support strip 10, in particular in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner, and is mounted for limited movement. In particular, the handle arrangement 2 is movably mounted on the support strip 10 for the slightest movements of the handle element 9, for example in a range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm, in particular 0.1 mm to 2 mm, or 1 degree to 10 degrees, in particular 1 degree to 5 degrees, and is particularly movable in a translational or rotational manner. For example, the handle element 9 comprises a groove 11 corresponding to the support strip 10, in particular a longitudinal groove. The handle assembly 2 can be plugged or slid onto the support bar 10.When the handle assembly 2 is mounted on the vehicle door 1, the support strip 10 is completely arranged in the groove 11, as shown in . Figure 2 shown.

[0035] The handle element 9 is, for example, ergonomically shaped and can be grasped, in particular grasped, by a user's hand. The handle element 9 can be arranged so that it can be adjusted, in particular pivoted, between a first switching movement S1 directed away from the vehicle door 1 in the direction R1 and a second switching movement S2 directed toward the vehicle door 1 in the direction R2. This allows various switching functions to be parameterized, as described in more detail below.

[0036] Figure 3 shows a schematic sectional view through the vehicle door 1 in the area of ​​the handle arrangement 2. The shaft strip 8 is not shown in detail for better clarity.

[0037] The door frame 4 is usually covered by a cover 13, in particular a plastic cover.

[0038] The handle assembly 2 is arranged between the door frame 4 and the door support structure 3, movable relative to the shaft strip 8. The handle assembly 2 is a multi-component part and can be preassembled into an assembly unit 14 and inserted and installed into the vehicle door 1. In particular, the handle assembly 2 is arranged in a cavity 15 between the vehicle outer skin 6 and the vehicle inner skin 7.

[0039] The handle assembly 2 comprises a handle support 16. The handle support 16 is made of plastic or a fiber-reinforced plastic material. The handle support 16 comprises a fixed support part 17 and a movable support part 18. The handle support 16 is arranged in the vehicle door 1, in particular in the cavity 15, between the vehicle outer skin 6 and the vehicle inner skin 7.

[0040] The fixed support part 17 is connected to the door support structure 3. For example, the fixed support part 17 is plate-shaped. The fixed support part 17 further comprises a fastening interface 19 for fastening the fixed support part 17 to the door support structure 3. For example, the fixed support part 17 is screwed or riveted to the door support structure 3 by means of the fastening interface 19.

[0041] Largely vertical webs or walls 20 protrude from the fixed support part 17 in the direction of the movable support part 18. Alternatively, the fixed support part 17 can be bowl-shaped or box-shaped. The movable support part 18 is movably, in particular rotatably, arranged, for example, articulated, on a first wall 20.1 of the fixed support part 17, in particular the wall 20.1 arranged in the direction of the shaft strip 8. For example, a pivot joint 21 or hinge, in particular a bendable or flexible hinge, is arranged between the movable support part 18 and the first wall 20.1. The movable support part 18 is rotatable about an axis of rotation D relative to the fixed support part 17. The movable support part 18 is designed as a lid or cover of the handle support 16. For this purpose, one end of the movable support part 18 is rotatably articulated to the first wall 20.1.

[0042] The opposite, free end of the movable support part 18 is arranged in a rest position or initial position S0 of the handle element 9 at a distance from a second wall 20.2, in particular at a distance from an inner shoulder 22. A seal 23, in particular a sealing lip, can be arranged between the movable support part 18 and the fixed support part 17, in particular in the region of the shoulder 22.

[0043] The handle element 9 is hinged to the handle support 16. For example, the rotation axis DG of the handle element 9 is arranged in the area of ​​the handle support 16 (as shown) or the shaft strip 8 (not shown in detail). The rotation axis D of the movable support part 18 corresponds to the rotation axis DG of the handle element 9. The rotation axis DG is, in particular, an imaginary rotation axis.

[0044] The handle element 9 is arranged in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner on the handle support 16, in particular on the movable support part 18. The movable support part 18 and the handle element 9 are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner. For example, the handle element 9 has a receiving profile 26 in the direction of the handle support 16, and the movable support part 18 has a correspondingly designed holding profile 27 in the direction of the handle element 9. The receiving profile 26 and the holding profile 27, or vice versa, are designed, for example, for a detachable connection as a tongue and groove connection or a tenon connection, in particular a dovetail connection. As a result, the handle element 9 is arranged in a form-fitting and detachable manner on the movable support part 18.

[0045] By means of such a pivot joint 21 for the handle element 9 arranged on the inner handle carrier 16, the adjustment mechanism of the handle element 9 is arranged within the vehicle door 1 in the cavity 15, protected in particular against mechanical stress and against dirt.

[0046] When assembled, the walls 20, the movable support part 18, and the fixed support part 17 of the handle support 16 form a housing 24 for a sensor 25. The sensor 25 includes an electronics unit 28. The electronics unit 28 is arranged and held on the fixed support part 17. Optionally, a potting material 29 can be arranged between the fixed support part 17 and the electronics unit 28.

[0047] The sensor 25 is, for example, a capacitive sensor or an inductive sensor.

[0048] The sensor 25 comprises a first metal surface 30 and a second metal surface 31 arranged at a distance therefrom, which is movable in the direction of the first metal surface 30. Such a sensor 25 is also referred to as a so-called MoC sensor (MoC = metal over cap or metal over capacitive or as a capacitive touch sensor). The metal surfaces 30, 31 are also referred to as MoC sheets.

[0049] For example, the first metal surface 30 is arranged on the fixed support part 17 and the second metal surface 31 is arranged on the movable support part 18 and / or the handle element 9.

[0050] The second metal surface 31, for example a metal strip or a thin metal sheet, is arranged on one side of the movable support part 18, in particular fastened, for example, glued or soldered. The handle element 9 is arranged and held on the opposite side of the movable support part 18. Actuation, in particular pivoting, of the handle element 9 causes a corresponding movement, in particular pivoting, of the movable support part 18 and, with it, of the second metal surface 31 relative to the first metal surface 30 about the identical axes of rotation D, DG.

[0051] In particular, the handle element 9 is adjustable, in particular pivotable, between the first switching movement S1 directed away from the vehicle door 1 in the direction R1 and the second switching movement S2 directed toward the vehicle door 1 in the direction R2. In the non-actuated state, the handle element 9 is positioned in an initial position S0. When actuated, the handle element 9 can be pivoted within a range of + / - 5° relative to the initial position S0 according to arrows P1, P2.

[0052] The distance between the first metal surface 30 and the second metal surface 31 can be in the range of 0.1 to 2 mm and can be, for example, 1 mm or 1.5 mm. The gap between the metal surfaces 30, 31 preferably comprises a dielectric, which is, for example, a gas, in particular air, and / or an elastically deformable solid, such as a plastic foam or the like.

[0053] The electronics unit 28 detects a change in the distance between the metal surfaces 30, 31 caused by the movement of the grip element 9 and / or a change in capacitance or inductance caused by the movement. Even a minimal movement, in particular pivoting, of the grip element 9 and the movable support part 18 caused by contact with the grip element 9 can lead to a corresponding rotation of the second metal surface 31 relative to the first metal surface 30. A resulting change in the distance between the two metal surfaces 30, 31 leads to a corresponding change in capacitance or inductance, which can be detected by the electronics unit 28.

[0054] To limit the first switching movement S1 of the handle element 9, the handle carrier 16 comprises a first end stop 32. To limit the second switching movement S2, the handle carrier 16 has a second end stop 33. The first end stop 32 is arranged at the free end of the protruding second wall 20.2 and limits the first switching movement S1. The second end stop 33 is formed in the housing 24 by the inner shoulder 22. The inner shoulder 22 or second end stop 33 is arranged on the electronics unit 28, in particular a printed circuit board, or above it in the housing 24.

[0055] By means of the movable support part 18, the handle element 9 attached thereto can be moved in different, in particular opposite and / or perpendicular, directions R1, R2. This allows multiple switching points or switching functions to be generated. For example, a locking of a lock of the vehicle door 1 and / or the vehicle can be switched by means of a compressive force acting on the handle element 9. A tensile force acting on the handle element 9 can be switched to unlock the lock of the vehicle door 1 and / or the vehicle.

[0056] In addition, the handle element 9 itself and its arrangement on the movable support part 18 can be configured such that different actuating forces acting on the handle element 9 generate correspondingly different switching functions or switching points. Thus, force threshold values ​​can be predefined or specified for different actuating forces, which generate or trigger different switching functions or switching points. For example, a low force on the handle element 9 can cause a lock to lock, and a higher force on the handle element 9 can cause a double locking of the lock. Alternatively or additionally, an adjustment speed of an adjustable vehicle door 1 can be set according to the actuating force acting on the handle element 9.For example, a higher actuating force can increase the adjustment speed and a lower actuating force can reduce the adjustment speed.

[0057] Furthermore, the electronics unit 28 can be configured to trigger a first predefined or programmable switching function or action, for example, unlocking one or all vehicle doors 1 of a vehicle, upon detection of the first switching movement S1, and to trigger a second predefined or programmable switching function or action, for example, locking the or all vehicle doors 1 of the vehicle, in particular their electronic locks, upon detection of the second switching movement S2. In addition, the electronics unit 9 can be configured to trigger further switching functions when a detected change in capacitance or inductance exceeds a predetermined threshold value, for example, in the case of an automatic sliding door of a vehicle, to change the speed of the adjustment movement of the sliding door or to switch drive systems on or off.

[0058] Figure 4shows a schematic block diagram of the sensor 25 of the handle assembly 2.

[0059] The sensor 25 comprises the first metal surface 30 and the second metal surface 31. The first metal surface 30 is arranged on the fixed support part 17. For example, the first metal surface 30 is arranged as a metal strip or metal sheet on the circuit board of the electronics unit 28. The second metal surface 31 is arranged on the movable support part 18.

[0060] Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the handle assembly 2 as assembly unit 14.

[0061] Figure 6 shows a schematic perspective view of the vehicle door 1 without the vehicle outer skin 6 and without the shaft strip 8 and with the handle arrangement 2 as an assembly unit 14. LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

[0062] 1Vehicle door 2Handle arrangement 3Door support structure 4Door frame 5Window opening 6Vehicle outer skin 7Vehicle inner skin 8Shaft strip 9Handle element 10Support strip 11Groove 12Proximity switch 13Cover 14Mounting unit 15Cavity 16Handle support 17Fixed support part 18Movable support part 19Fastening interface 20Wall 20.1First wall 20.2Second wall 21Pivot joint 22Step 23Seal 24Housing 25Sensor 26Receiving profile 27Retaining profile 28Electronics unit 29Potting material 30First metal surface 31Second metal surface 32First end stop 33Second end stop D, DGRotation axis P1, P2Arrow R1, R2Direction S1, S2Switching movement S0Starting position

Claims

1. Handle arrangement (2) for a vehicle door (1), wherein the handle arrangement (2) comprises at least: a handle element (9) and a handle carrier (16), which comprises - a fixed carrier part (17) which is or can be connected to a door support structure (3), and - a movable carrier part (18) on which the handle element (9) is or can be arranged in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner, wherein the movable carrier part (18) and the handle element (9) are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner, and wherein the movable carrier part (18) is mounted on the fixed carrier part (17) so as to be rotatable about an axis of rotation (D, DG), wherein the axis of rotation (D) of the movable carrier part (18) corresponds to the axis of rotation (DG) of the handle element (9).

2. Handle arrangement (2) according to claim 1, wherein the handle element (9) is designed as a device operable in at least one direction (R1, R2) for actively actuating at least two switching functions.

3. Handle arrangement (2) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the handle element (9) is operable in at least two directions (R1, R2) for actively actuating at least two switching functions.

4. Handle arrangement (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the handle element (9) is articulated on the handle carrier (16).

5. Handle arrangement (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an axis of rotation (DG) of the handle element (9) is arranged in the region of the handle carrier (16).

6. Vehicle door (1), comprising at least: - a handle arrangement (2) according to one of the preceding claims, - a door support structure (3), - a shaft strip (8) which is arranged on the top side of the door support structure (3), wherein the handle arrangement (2) is arranged on the shaft strip (8) so as to be movable, in particular pivotable, and the handle element (9) is grippable on an outer side of the vehicle door (1), and wherein the handle element (9) is designed in particular as a device which can be actuated in at least one direction (R1, R2) for actively actuating at least two switching functions.

7. Vehicle door (1) according to claim 6, wherein the handle carrier (16) is provided with a sensor (25) which comprises a first metal surface (30) and a second metal surface (31) arranged at a distance therefrom, which is arranged to be movable relative to the first metal surface (30), and an electronic unit (28) by means of which a change in capacitance or inductance caused by the change in the distance between the metal surfaces (30, 31) can be detected.

8. Vehicle door (1) according to claim 7, wherein the first metal surface (30) is arranged on the fixed support part (17) and the second metal surface (31) is arranged on the movable support part (18).

9. Vehicle door (1) according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the handle element (9) is adjustable, in particular pivotable, between a first switching movement (S1) directed away from the vehicle door (1) and a second switching movement (S2) directed towards the vehicle door (1).

10. Vehicle door (1) according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the electronic unit (28) is designed to trigger a first predefined or programmable action upon detection of the first switching movement (S1) and to trigger a second predefined or programmable action upon detection of the second switching movement (S2).

11. Vehicle door (1) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the handle carrier (16) has a first end stop (32) for limiting the first switching movement (S1) and a second end stop (33) for limiting the second switching movement (S2).

12. Vehicle door (1) according to one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the shaft strip (8) comprises a largely vertically projecting support strip (10) on which the handle arrangement (2) is arranged in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner and, in particular, is mounted with limited movement.

13. Vehicle with at least one vehicle door (1) according to one of claims 6 to 12.

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