Wall panel, building constructed therewith, and method for producing the wall panel

Abstract

In order for at least the support layer (4) of a solid wall panel (1) composed of barely spaced-apart, adjacent wooden beam supports (4.1 - 4.z) to be able to be produced in a highly automated manner and in a continuous method and to be independent of the compressive strength of the lintel and sill, i.e. the two chords (6a, 6b) of the support layer (4), the thickness (d) of the chords (6a, b) in the thickness direction (12) of the support layer (4) is chosen with only a fraction of the thickness (D) of the support layer (4), and both chords are arranged on the same side (4a) of the main plane of the support layer (4) in end-side chord cutouts (24a, b) in the wooden beam supports (4.1 - 4.z). Thus, during the production of the support layer (4), the supports (4.1 - 4.z) can be successively placed with the transverse chord cutouts (24a, b) downwards onto two appropriately spaced-apart, adjacent transverse chords (6a, b) and be connected thereto in a continuous process.

Description

I. Area of ​​application

[0001] The invention relates to a wall structure for multi-story buildings, the primary building material of which is wood, chosen because of its low weight, good technical insulation properties and the sustainability of its production. II. Technical Background

[0002] For buildings that consist primarily of wood, different construction methods are known: In order to reduce the need for wood - e.g. compared to log houses made of wood - and to improve the thermal insulation properties, timber frame houses are known, in which the wall structure consists of frame-like load-bearing structures made of wood, whereby the cavities in the frames are filled with insulating material and then an inner and outer closed sheathing, often also made of wood or gypsum materials, is applied.

[0003] Furthermore, wall constructions are also known, for example from DE 102011 110 918 B4, in which a continuous, load-bearing wooden layer is present, consisting of, for example, vertical, natural wooden beams arranged in a row, the so-called timber studs, which may have a horizontal beam-shaped frame or sill running across all timber studs on the top and bottom as an upper and lower termination, and which may additionally be provided with an insulating layer on the outside, with possibly additional cladding for weather protection, fire protection and the like.

[0004] Such wall structures are also used in the form of prefabricated wall panels, which allow for rapid construction progress when assembled on the construction site.

[0005] The floor slabs are also delivered and laid as prefabricated floor slab panels, preferably made of wood-based materials.

[0006] However, if one wants to use such a wall construction to build multi-story buildings of four to eight floors, a number of additional problems arise regarding not only vertical load transfer, but also stiffness of the panels in their main plane, sufficient fire protection, consideration of the settling and swelling behavior of the building material wood, and economical and rapid production of even larger quantities.

[0007] Such wall panels made of adjoining wooden beam stands are prefabricated in the factory, but still involve considerable manual manufacturing effort.

[0008] However, in order to use such wall panels on an industrial scale and to create cost-effective living space from them even in buildings with more than four stories, a far more automated and therefore cheaper production of the wall panels is desirable.

[0009] Document DE 10 2011 110918 B4, which is considered the closest prior art, discloses a wall panel comprising a stud layer with wooden studs, attached chords, and sheathing. Reference is also made to documents DE 102014 009528 A1, EP 1 063 365 A1, CH 694 275 A5 and DE 20 2004 009792 U1. III. Description of the invention a) Technical task

[0010] The object of the invention is therefore to provide a wall structure and a method for its construction that solve the aforementioned problems in a simple manner. b) Solution of the task

[0011] This problem is solved by the features of claims 1, 15 and 18. Advantageous embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

[0012] A wall panel of this type comprises, firstly, a stud layer consisting of closely spaced wooden studs and, at the ends of the studs, a strap running transversely to the direction of travel, the greatest extension direction of the studs, as well as at least one planking arranged on at least one side of the stud layer, which preferably extends over the entire surface of the stud layer.

[0013] Sheathing, in particular by means of one or more sheathing panels, is understood to be sheathing that additionally stabilizes and / or stiffens the wall panel.

[0014] In addition, cladding can be carried out, in particular by means of at least one cladding panel or cladding body, where the material properties of the cladding are concerned within the scope of the present application, in particular its building physics material properties (for example fire-retardant or thermally insulating properties).

[0015] However, sheathing and cladding can also be combined functionally, in that the sheathing or cladding can have additional functions besides the stabilizing function, such as fire protection, sound insulation, etc.

[0016] The wooden beam supports are arranged so close together – or even touching each other – that the sum of the distances between the wooden beam supports, viewed across the entire wall panel, is less than 5%, better less than 3%, better less than 2%, better less than 1% of the length of the wall panel in that direction.

[0017] Preferably, all wooden beam uprights should be the same thickness and / or width.

[0018] Wooden beam stands with varying dimensions, especially different widths, can also be used, particularly within the framework of the stand packages described later.

[0019] According to the invention With regard to such a wall panel, the existing problem is solved by the fact that the straps are not as thick as the wooden beam uprights, but are significantly thinner in the thickness direction of the upright layer.

[0020] For this purpose, the timber posts have transverse chord recesses at their ends, the shape and dimensions of which are adapted to the cross-section of the respective chord – the two chords preferably having identical cross-sections. Preferably, the chord recesses are open both towards the end face of the timber post and / or towards three adjacent longitudinal sides, thereby forming a narrower end tongue at each end of each post.

[0021] In the direction of the chords, the transverse direction of the wooden beam posts and also of the post layer, the chords lie in the thickness direction of the post layer both on the same side, preferably with their outer side aligned with the outer side of the post layer, whereby alignment also includes deviations of up to 3 mm, better a maximum of 2 mm, better a maximum of 1 mm.

[0022] Preferably, the thickness of the cross ribs in the thickness direction of the stator layer is a maximum of 40%, particularly a maximum of 35%, particularly a maximum of 30%, particularly a maximum of 25%, and particularly a maximum of 20% of the thickness of the stator layer. The thickness is at least 39 mm in absolute terms, particularly a minimum of 33 mm, particularly a minimum of 27 mm, particularly a minimum of 24 mm, and particularly a minimum of 20 mm.

[0023] The cross-section of the belt is therefore larger in the longitudinal direction of the wooden beam uprights, which is also the longitudinal direction of the upright layer, than in the thickness direction of the wooden beam uprights, preferably by a factor of at least 6, better by a factor of at least 8, better by a factor of at least 9.

[0024] This design offers several advantages: Firstly, in terms of production technology – as explained in more detail later – it allows two belts to be arranged parallel and at a distance from each other for the production of a stand layer, so that the wooden beam stands can be placed one after the other with their end tongues on and with their middle sections between the belts and brought to a small distance from each other or into contact with each other, without the wooden beam stands being able to fall through between the belts, which also significantly facilitates the automated feeding, insertion and connection as well as further transport with the belts.

[0025] The main advantage, however, is that the high load-bearing capacity of the wooden beam uprights in their longitudinal direction - the wooden beam uprights are cut so that the primary grain direction coincides with their longitudinal direction - can be used without being limited by the compressive strength of the straps in this direction.

[0026] For example, in spruce wood the modulus of elasticity for bending is 11,000 N / mm² in the direction of the grain and 370 N / mm² perpendicular to the grain, and the compressive strength is 21 N / mm² in the direction of the grain and 2.5 N / mm² perpendicular to the grain.

[0027] In construction using sills that have the same thickness as the wooden beam posts - the so-called sill and the top plate - the compressive strength is limited to the smaller of the two compressive strengths: the compressive strength in the longitudinal direction of the wooden beam posts and the compressive strength of the sill in its transverse direction.

[0028] Nevertheless, the belts will preferably consist of wood-based materials, preferably laminated wood, in particular plywood, preferably veneer plywood.

[0029] This gives them high dimensional stability, although they usually do not have the same compressive strength in the longitudinal direction of the timber stud layer as the individual timber studs, since wood-based materials or laminated wood generally consist of layers glued crosswise with respect to the grain direction to increase dimensional stability and accuracy, and thus even if the grain direction of one layer is in the longitudinal direction of the timber stud layer, this grain direction and - with the same type of wood - the same compressive strength are only present in every second layer of this laminated strip.

[0030] To ensure that the pressure load primarily acts on the wooden beam uprights, the straps do not project beyond the ends of the wooden beam uprights in the longitudinal direction, but are flush with them or, if necessary, are set back slightly from their ends, i.e. by one to a few millimeters.

[0031] Preferably, each of the timber beam uprights is connected to each of the chords by a force-fit or form-fit connection, for example, by clamps, nails, or screws. For manufacturing reasons, such connecting elements as clamps, nails, or screws—which may be made of metal or wood-based material—are, in a first connection step, inserted into the end tongues of the timber beam uprights from the side opposite the chord and extend into the chord. Preferably, however, in a second connection step, they are also inserted from the chord side and extend through the chords into the end tongues of the timber beam uprights.

[0032] At least the first and last wooden beam upright is fixed to the straps, and if not all wooden beam uprights are fixed to the straps, then preferably at least 20%, better at least 30%, better at least 50% of all wooden beam uprights of a wall panel, preferably with the fixings evenly distributed between the unfixed wooden beam uprights.

[0033] Preferably, initial fixing takes place when the straps and uprights are brought together, so that these connecting elements do not extend through the subsequently applied sheathing panel; however, additional fastening elements can be inserted from the outside of the sheathing panel into the uprights and / or into the cross straps and, if necessary, also through them to the end tongues of the uprights.

[0034] The sheathing and / or cladding layers preferably consist of a fire-retardant and / or sound-insulating material, in particular primarily of gypsum or another non-combustible mineral, for example gypsum cardboard boards or gypsum fiberboards, which are preferably reinforced with, in particular non-combustible, fibers.

[0035] Especially for external thermal insulation or the external thermal cladding body, chipboard and oriented strand boards (OSB) or other wood-based materials can also be used.

[0036] Preferably, the material of the sheathing panels has a specific weight that is at least 50%, or preferably at least 100%, higher than the specific weight of the stud layer in order to achieve good sound insulation.

[0037] Preferably, the straps have positioning recesses along their direction of travel, the transverse direction of the timber stud layer, which are open towards the longitudinal direction of the timber stud layer and the two adjacent main side surfaces of the strap and have a length in the extension direction of the strap such that a stud can be inserted into it and thereby positioned in a transverse direction, whereby the straps as a whole determine a positioning in the transverse direction for the timber stud layer.

[0038] If the wall is to have a door or window, a special door or window package, usually of the same width, is inserted during the construction of the stud layer instead of a specific number of consecutive studs. This special door or window package is prefabricated separately from the construction of the stud layer and includes, in addition to the door or window opening and any surrounding jamb timbers, the remaining elements required above and / or below – in particular an upper lintel and / or a lower sill, or in the case of windows, a lower sill, which may contain partial studs to achieve the length of the stud package it replaces.

[0039] The ends of such special packages can be designed to fit into the positioning recesses of the straps, so that the straps do not need to be individually designed for this purpose, but only the door package or window package.

[0040] Alternatively, corresponding package recesses are provided in the belts to precisely position the special package transversely to the upright layer. The package recesses, on the one hand, and the positioning recesses, on the other, preferably have different depths measured longitudinally along the uprights.

[0041] The timber stud layer may, instead of a stud or a stud bundle of adjacent studs, have an installation stud or an installation bundle which – over part or the entire length of the installation bundle – has an installation channel for one or more conduits, be it for electrical conduits, water conduits or ventilation ducts, which is open in particular to one of the main sides of the stud layer and in particular runs longitudinally.

[0042] The installation channel is lined with fire-resistant, in particular fire-retardant, material and is prefabricated before being inserted into the stud layer. The lining can consist of adjacent sections of a fire-resistant, in particular fire-retardant, panel; however, preferably the installation package consists of fire-resistant, in particular fire-retardant, material extending over more than the depth of the installation channel, into which the installation channel is subsequently cut, in particular sawn or milled.

[0043] Regarding a building , in which the walls have a blackboard, the existing problem is solved by designing the blackboard as described above.

[0044] Preferably, this is a building in which all load-bearing walls consist of load-bearing wall panels - as described above - i.e., the load-bearing walls constitute, in particular exclusively, the load-bearing framework of the building.

[0045] If the wall panel is part of an exterior wall of the building, the wall panel is preferably installed with the strap on the outside of the building.

[0046] If a floor slab - whether made of wood-based materials or concrete - rests on one of the end faces of a wall panel, it rests on the wall panel only in the thickness area of ​​the upper end tongues of the wooden beam studs of the stud layer.

[0047] This ensures that the load is only transferred to the uprights of the upright layer and not to the belt, even if it should protrude.

[0048] Remaining gaps in the connection area between wall panels and a concrete ceiling panel are usually filled with a dense, hardenable, compression- and / or tensile-resistant filling material, especially mortar or concrete, to create a load-bearing and shear-resistant connection between the individual wall panels of the floors and the floor slab. The connection can also be designed to transfer uplift forces.

[0049] In a building with a wall panel as described above in an exterior wall, the exterior wall preferably comprises, from the inside out, a load-bearing wall in the form of one or more adjoining wall panels and a cladding, the latter comprising a thermally insulating insulation body, preferably including a second water-repellent layer, the weather-shielding outer facade as the first water-repellent layer.

[0050] This creates a weather-resistant building envelope with a long lifespan.

[0051] The wall panels described above – together with the floor slabs – usually form the load-bearing structure of the building.

[0052] The cladding comprises a prefabricated, separately handled insulation unit with an internal insulating layer, which is attached to the corresponding wall panel, preferably only from the outside, and can therefore be replaced at any time. The insulation material can be inserted into the unit, particularly in the case of blown-in insulation, even after the cladding has been installed on the load-bearing wall. The exterior of the insulation unit is protected by a weatherproofing facade.

[0053] Regarding the procedure For the production of wall panels as previously described, at least their support layers are produced in a highly automated and very efficient continuous process according to the invention.a) Arranging two straps at the correct longitudinal distance between the uprights and with a downward clearance between them, the straps preferably bearing against an end stop with their end faces, b) Inserting a first upright by placing the end tongues of the upright onto the two straps, so that the end of the strap recess then rests as close as possible to or directly against the narrow longitudinal side of the strap, c) Fixing this upright, in particular by screwing it through its end tongues, to the two straps in all three spatial directions, d) Inserting the next upright with its central section or - as described later - upright assembly between the straps behind the last upright, in particular one already fixed to the straps, e) Fixing this further upright, in particular by screwing or nailing it through its end tongues to the two straps, f) Repeating steps d) and e),until the entire length of the crossbeams, whose longitudinal spacing between the uprights is filled with wooden beam uprights.

[0054] This allows not only for the production of upright layers of virtually unlimited width – limited only by the length of the belts – but also for the individual uprights to be automatically fed in from above and fixed to the belts.

[0055] Preferably, between steps b) and c), the next stand is pushed close to the previous stand in order to keep the voids in the stand layer to a minimum.

[0056] Preferably, in step c), the fixing is carried out by inserting so-called screw nails, which, due to their external thread, can also be unscrewed again. All other fixings of the uprights to the crossbeams and / or the sheathing to the uprights or crossbeams are preferably carried out by means of clamps, i.e., by inserting U-shaped clamps.

[0057] To ensure that the feed device for the stands and / or the fixing device for fixing the stands to the belts can remain in approximately, and in particular exactly, the same position, the resulting layer of stands is preferably moved forward by the corresponding distance after each or a defined number of stands have been fixed between the belts. This distance is a conveying distance in the form of a single or multiple integer of the target width of a stand, optionally plus a width allowance to compensate for material or manufacturing differences in the width of the stands.

[0058] Due to the manufacturing process, despite a defined very low moisture content, the individual stands do not all have exactly the same width and are not perfectly straight, as they are made of grown wood.

[0059] In order to distribute the stands evenly across the width of the wall panel and to prevent their under-dimensions from adding up in relation to the conveying distance, positioning recesses with a length corresponding to at least the conveying distance or the target width of a stand can be provided in the two belts in the narrow longitudinal sides facing each other at corresponding longitudinal positions.

[0060] This naturally requires two different types A and B of stands, which are the same length, but whose strap recesses and therefore also their end tongues have different lengths in the longitudinal direction of the stands.

[0061] Then will Between two opposing positioning recesses, stands of type A with shorter belt recesses and shorter end tongues were inserted; away from the positioning recesses, stands of type B with longer belt recesses and longer end tongues were inserted.

[0062] Thus, the end of the positioning recess which, in the direction of insertion, in which the new stand is pushed towards the already created part of the stand layer during its production, forms a stop for the stand inserted into the two opposing positioning recesses, and the distance from stop to stop, i.e. from the beginning of one positioning recess to the next positioning recess along the same belt, is usually always the same, and a fixed number of stands to be inserted are distributed between them.

[0063] To facilitate the insertion of the upright intended for the two opposing positioning recesses during the assembly of the upright layer, the positioning recess can be slightly longer than the width of the upright to be inserted, in the direction of the belts. This is because the upright is typically held by a gripper with gripping prongs on both sides when it is inserted between the belts from above. If the positioning recess is no longer than the width of the upright in the direction of the belt, the necessary distance to the last already installed upright for the gripping prong on that side of the upright to be inserted will be insufficient when placing the upright in such a precisely sized positioning recess.

[0064] If, on the other hand, the positioning recess is extended in the direction of extension of the belt somewhat against the direction of insertion – in particular at least by the thickness of a gripper tine in this direction and / or by a maximum of 70%, in particular a maximum of 50%, in particular a maximum of 30%, in particular a maximum of 20% of the width of a stand to be inserted therein – then this stand can be placed between the two opposing positioning recesses at a distance from the last mounted stand and then pushed forward in the direction of insertion until the end of the positioning recess in this direction, which acts as a stop,

[0065] For wall panels that are to contain a door, a window and / or electrical or sanitary installations, instead of a specific number of uprights referred to as the upright package in the application, a special package can be inserted between the straps when creating the upright layer, particularly in steps d) and e), wherein this preferably has a width an integer multiple of the intended width of uprights.

[0066] Such a special package could be A door package with a door opening therein, and / or a window package with a window opening therein, and / or an installation package containing an installation channel. An installation package is preferably manufactured by applying and fixing non-combustible material, particularly in the form of one or more layers, especially in the form of gypsum board or gypsum fiberboard, to an installation base, particularly a board-shaped installation base with a width corresponding to the width of the installation package, and in particular by gluing. An installation channel is then incorporated into the non-combustible material, particularly by milling, such that the installation channel is completely surrounded on all sides by non-combustible material, except for the outer side opposite the installation base.

[0067] After the stud layer has been constructed, the planking on both sides is carried out by g) Laying at least one layer of sheathing panels on the top of the completed stud layer, h) Fixing, in particular by clamping, screwing or nailing, these sheathing panels to the stud layer, which can also be done in a continuous process.

[0068] The planking of the second side of the stud layer is then carried out by i) Turn the upright layer, which is already planked on the top side, 180° around the conveying direction so that the planking panels attached to it are at the bottom and the belts are at the top, additionally fixing them if necessary, in particular by clamping, nailing or screwing the belts opposite the end tongues. k) Repeat steps g) and h) on the now top side of the upright layer. c) Examples of implementation

[0069] Embodiments according to the invention are described in more detail below by way of example. The figures show: Figure 1a:A support layer of a wall panel in a partially completed state, viewed from above on one of its main surfaces, Figure 1b: a first cut through the stator layer at point B - B in Figure 1a , Figure 1c: a second cut through the stator layer at point C - C in Figure 1a , Figure 1d: a cross-section through the already nailed stud layer, Figure 1e: a cross-section through a stud layer that is already sheathed on one side, Figure 1f: a cross-section through a stud layer that is already sheathed on both sides, Figure 1g: a cross-section through two superimposed wall panels with a floor slab in between, with insulation and a weatherproofing layer on the outside, Figure 2a: a stud layer of a wall panel with a window contained therein in a partially completed state, viewed from above on one of its main surfaces, Figure 2b:a stud layer of a wall panel with a door and windows included, as well as an installation channel, in its finished state in the view according to Figure 2a and Figure 1a from inside the room, Figure 2c: the stratification layer of the Figure 2b , however, without the smaller window, in perspective view, Figure 3: the stratification layer of the Figure 2c in perspective view, already planked on both sides, Figure 4a - d: the manufacturing process of an installation stand, viewed in the direction of the installation channel, Figure 5a, b: the beginning of the production process of the stator layer in different manufacturing stages, viewed from above, Figure 6a, b: the start of the production process in the manufacturing stages according to Figure 5a, b in side view, Figure 7a - c: the storage and assembly process of a stand in detail.

[0070] The Figures 1a - fFigure 1 shows the basic structure of the support layer 4 of a wall panel 1 according to the invention: This consists of wooden beam supports 4.1, 4.2 etc. arranged in a row in the width direction 11 of the wall panel 1, which preferably all have an identical cross-section, in particular identical width, and an identical length in their direction 4', the support direction 4', which is thus simultaneously the height direction 10 of the wall panel 1.

[0071] The width direction 11 and the height direction 10 of wall panel 1 span its main plane.

[0072] The wooden beam uprights 4.1, 4.2, etc., each have a shoulder-shaped recess, the strap recess 24a, b, on the same side 4a of their circumference at the end regions of their upright direction 4', so that a board-shaped strap 6a, 6b, extending across the entire width of the wall panel 1 in the width direction 11 and fitting into it with its cross-section, can be inserted into these aligned strap recesses 24a, b when the uprights 4 are placed side by side and can be connected to each individual upright 4.1, 4.2.

[0073] For the vertically standing posts 4.1, 4.2 etc. made of solid wood - when the wall panel 1 is mounted vertically - they are cut in such a way that the grain direction 9 is essentially in the direction 4' of the wooden beam posts 4.1, 4.2 etc., because in the direction of the grain direction 9 solid wood has the least dimensional changes in the future and the highest static load-bearing capacity.

[0074] The straps 6a, 6b can also consist of sawn timber, but are usually made of layers 8 lying parallel to the main plane of the upright layer - as best seen in the magnification of the Figure 1c to be recognized - glued, whereby the grain direction in the individual layers 8 runs crosswise to the adjacent layer 8, so that in every second layer 8 the grain direction can also lie in the stand direction 4', so that the end grain content in the top and bottom is relatively high and thus a high resistance to dimensional changes in the vertical direction 20 - see Figure 1g - offers.

[0075] Since the belts 6a, 6b can fulfill these functions all the better the more layers 8 glued together they consist of, they are preferably made of layers of veneer, i.e. as laminated veneer lumber, and not just as plywood.

[0076] In order to prevent dimensional inaccuracies regarding the cross-section, especially the width B, of the uprights from being summed up over the width of the up to 12 m long upright layer 4, according to Figure 1a in the facing narrow sides of the two belts 6a, b at corresponding positions in the width direction 11 at defined intervals, for example for every fifth upright 4.5, 4.10 etc. - i.e. in particular from beginning to beginning of two successive recesses e.g. 23a a distance of e.g. at least 5 times the nominal width B of an upright 4 - positioning recesses 23a, b are provided, which - in the top view of the Figure 1a- extend from one main side to the other main side of the cross chords 6a, b and have a length corresponding to at least the nominal width B of a wooden beam stand, and on a stand that is to be inserted between two such opposing positioning recesses 23a, 23b, shorter end tongues 25a, b are provided in the end area in the stand direction 4', so that such a stand inserted between the two chords can only be moved back and forth in the width direction 11, i.e. in the extension direction of the chords 6a, b, within the positioning recesses 23a, b in which it lies.

[0077] To facilitate the insertion of a stand, for example 4.5, between two opposing positioning recesses 23a, b, the positioning recess 23a, 23b can be slightly longer in the width direction 11 than the nominal width B of the belt 4.10 to be placed therein, as described above. Figure 1aThe positioning recess 23b shown at the bottom right is then inserted in the direction of insertion, then pushed to the left, until it reaches the end of the positioning recess 23a, b which acts as a stop and is fixed in this position relative to the belts 6a, b.

[0078] The position of the end of the positioning recess located in the direction of the push-in of the uprights defines the position in the width direction 11 of the wooden uprights 4.5, 4.10 etc. inserted into these positioning recesses 23a, b, and between them are - in this case four - wooden beam uprights 4.6 - 4.9, which fill this space, whereby they may contact each other or may also have very small distances to each other in the width direction 11 due to manufacturing inaccuracies.

[0079] The positioning recesses 23 thus hold stands 4.5 of type 4A according to Figure 1c ,whose positioning recesses 24a, b and thus also their end tongues 25a, b in the stand direction 4' are shorter than in the case of type 4B according to Figure 1b , which are provided in the sections between the positioning recesses 23.

[0080] In the frontal view of the Figure 1d The connection between the individual uprights 4.1 etc. and the straps 6a, 6b is also shown, here by nailing using nails 13, which are driven from the side 4b facing away from the straps (the side facing upwards during manufacturing) through the end tongues 25a, b into the opposite strap 6a, 6b of each upright as an initial fixing. Screw nails, which have a thread on their outer side and can be unscrewed again, are usually used for this purpose.

[0081] To complete the stud layer 4 into a finished wall panel 1, possibly after additional clamping, the following steps are first carried out according to... Figure 1eon one side, preferably again the still upper side 4b, in one or more layers of sheathing panels 5, mostly made of a non-combustible material such as gypsum plasterboard or gypsum fiberboard, in particular over the entire surface, applied to the stud layer 4 and - preferably by means of staples 13, which extend approximately to the middle of the thickness D of the stud layer 4 - nailed or stapled to the studs in their middle area as well as through the flanges 6a, 6b through their end tongues 25 a, b.

[0082] The sheathing 5 serves a dual purpose: firstly, fire resistance, as the sheathing 5 consists of fire-resistant, in particular non-combustible, material, for example primarily gypsum or another stone flour material or calcium silicate; secondly, the sheathing 5 is also intended to improve the load transfer of the stud layer 4 in its main plane.

[0083] For this purpose, the sheathing 5 has a fiber component, preferably again made of a non-combustible or poorly combustible material, for example of mineral materials, which are arranged in irregular directions and thus give the sheathing 5 a high resistance to forces in its main plane, i.e. to shear forces.

[0084] A non-combustible or poorly combustible material can also be achieved by coating or impregnating a combustible material with a fire-retardant material such as calcium silicate or water glass to give it non-combustible or poorly combustible material properties.

[0085] The indirect connection of the individual uprights to each other via nailing to the sheathing panels is also improved.

[0086] The stud layer 4 should also be covered on its vertical narrow sides with such fire-resistant, in particular fire-retardant, cladding 5 in order to prevent the penetration of fire and smoke into the structure.

[0087] Subsequently, after turning over the single-sided planked stud layer 4 so that the chords 6a, b are now on top, planking is usually also carried out on the upper side 4a, which is away from the chords 6a, b, whereby in this case the nails or staples 13 do not reach or even penetrate the chords when nailing.

[0088] Figure 1g shows the further layers with which a wall panel 1 can be clad on the outside if it forms an outer wall 50 of a building 100, namely a thermal insulation body 14 a weather protection layer 15 when used as an exterior wall 50, the wall panel 1 is preferably mounted with its side 4a and thus the straps 6a, b pointing towards the outside of the building 100.

[0089] The exterior cladding is preferably attached to the building from the outside only after the building 100 has been constructed from the wall panels and can be dismantled and replaced at any time.

[0090] This is facilitated by the fact that the thermal insulation, in the form of an essentially closed, independently manageable, box-shaped insulating body 14, inside which the insulating material 14a is located, can be fixed to the wall panel 1 from the outside.

[0091] The box-shaped insulation body 14, whose insulation body walls are kept at a distance by vertically extending ribs 17, can be attached to the wall panel 1 fully filled with insulation material 14a, or blown-in insulation material can be used, which allows the empty insulation body 14 to be attached to the wall panel 1 with subsequent filling of the cavity of the insulation body 14 via a relatively small blowing opening.

[0092] A horizontal and then a vertical batten 26 – or vice versa – is attached, and the outermost layer is the weather protection layer 15. Thus, as a rule, the intersecting battens 26 create an air gap 16 between the outer surface of the insulation body 14 and the weather protection layer 15, providing ventilation.

[0093] The Figures 2b and 2cThe figures show, in plan view and in perspective, a stud layer 4 of a wall panel 1, in which a door opening T, a window opening F, and an installation channel 21 – the latter on the interior side – are integrated, as in Figure 2c Additionally, a small window opening.

[0094] Figure 2a Figure 1 shows in detail how such a window opening F or door opening T is provided in the stud layer 4: For this purpose, instead of a defined number of successive, continuous, i.e. normal, studs at a defined position in the width direction 11 of the wall panel 1, for example a prefabricated window package 4PF or door package 4PT is placed between the two flanges 6a, b, which contains a window opening F or door opening T for inserting a window whose width is less than the width of the window package 4PF.

[0095] The window package 4PF therefore has a width that is preferably an integer multiple of the nominal width B of a stud.

[0096] Above and below the window opening F, perpendicular to the stud direction 4', i.e., usually horizontally in the installed state of the wall panel, runs an upper chord 4PFa or 4PTa as a lintel and a lower chord 4PFb as a parapet in the case of a window opening or 4PTb as a threshold in the case of a door opening, at least over the entire width of the window opening F or door opening T.

[0097] The lintel preferably extends across the entire width of the 4PF or 4PF package. Below the lintel, on both sides of the opening, there is at least one shorter support than the standard-length supports on which the lintel rests, for load transfer.

[0098] Depending on the distance of the lintel, parapet or sill to the adjacent chord 6a, 6b in the stud direction 4', partial studs can again be connected to this upper chord or lower chord, with which the upper chord or lower chord is firmly connected, and in whose end tongues in particular the chord recesses 24a, 24b are incorporated to receive the chord 6a, 6b which continues over the entire width of the wall panel 1 and thus also over the window opening F and the window assembly 4PF.

[0099] Since the upper edge of a window opening F as well as a door opening T is usually only a short distance from the upper chord 6a, partial mullions are generally no longer used there, but the upper chord 4PFa extends as a lintel from the opening to the upper end of the mullion layer 4. Preferably, the upper chord 4PFa also extends across the entire width of the corresponding window assembly 4PF or door assembly 4PT.

[0100] The lower chord 4PFb - as a parapet at the window and as a threshold at the door - in contrast, usually only extends across the width of the opening in the width direction, and is connected at its ends to the partial studs that extend from the lower chord 6b to the lintel.

[0101] For the exact positioning of the window opening F in the width direction 11, the belts 6a, 6b have a package recess 27 analogous to the positioning recesses 23a, b in the facing narrow sides, but with a multiple of the length of the package recesses 23a, b - namely the width of the window package 4PF - and with a different depth in the frame direction 4', usually with a greater depth b than the depth a of the positioning recesses 23a, b.

[0102] The prefabricated window package 4PF is therefore placed at the appropriate position and then inserted between the package recesses 27 when the production of the stud layer begins at one end of the belts 6a, 6b, for example with stud 4.1.

[0103] In order to avoid being bound to the grid dimension of the integer width B of a stud with the width of a window package 4PF or a door package 4PT and thus the window opening F or door opening T contained therein, within such a package - as in Figure 2b In the smaller window shown - a special stand 4* can also be used - which in particular limits the opening e.g. F on one side or each side - which has a width that deviates from the target width B, about 1.5 times or 2 times.

[0104] Such a special stand 4* can have a recess in the area of ​​the opening, e.g. F, whereby the width of the opening, e.g. F, becomes independent of the grid dimension based on the width B of a normal stand.

[0105] Furthermore, in the Figures 2b , 2c On the main side 4b of the stud layer 4, facing away from the straps, an installation channel 21 is provided, through which, in this case, an electrical cable can be routed from the floor up into the stud layer 4, as shown, to an installation opening 21a in the sheathing 5 provided at the upper end of the installation channel 21, e.g., for a light switch at the upper end of the installation channel 21, which then extends onto the stud layer 4 according to the Figures 2b, c is laid and thus covers installation channel 21, as in Figure 3a evident.

[0106] Alternatively, the installation channel 21 can also run the entire length of the stand or installation package in which it is located.

[0107] Depending on the depth and width, other lines such as a water pipe can also be laid in such an installation channel 21, which is designed according to the Figures 4a - 4d This is achieved by replacing the width B of one or more normal stands of type 4A or 4B – in the case of an installation channel 21 for only one electrical cable, usually only one stand – with an installation package 4PInst – which accordingly can only have the width of a single stand or, if required, an integer multiple of the target width B – and which is prefabricated externally:

[0108] In the thickness direction 12, the installation package 4PInst consists of an installation base 7, usually board-shaped, made of a wood-based material - be it solid wood or a laminated wood panel - the extent of which in the width direction 11 preferably has a multiple of the required width of the installation package 4PInst.

[0109] On this installation base 7, several layers of a non-combustible material, in particular gypsum plasterboard or gypsum fiberboard, are applied and connected to each other and to the installation base 7 over a surface area, usually not by nailing or stapling, but by e.g. gluing, until the total structure has the thickness D of the stud layer and thus of a single stud.

[0110] From such a layer structure, 28 are then cut, for example using a circular saw, according to Figure 4a ,Strips with the required width of the installation package, here the width B of a single stand according to Figure 4b , cut off.

[0111] The installation channel 21 to be produced in the longitudinal direction 4' of the installation package 4PInst is constructed according to Figure 4c by passing along the desired length with, for example, a roller cutter 29 in the column direction 4', i.e. the longitudinal direction 10.

[0112] According to Figure 4d The completed installation package 4PInst is installed as a special package during the production of the support layer 4 instead of the corresponding number of normal supports between the belts 6a, b.

[0113] Alternatively, the groove can also be inserted in the stud layer 4 only after the installation package 4PInst has been installed.

[0114] This means that the cross-section of the installation channel 21 is surrounded on three sides by non-combustible material, and for the fourth side of the cross-section this is achieved by the subsequent cladding of the finished stud layer 4 with e.g. gypsum plasterboard.

[0115] The straps with their recesses are designed to enable the production of the stud layer 4, preferably including the sheathing 5, in a largely automated continuous process, resulting in significant cost advantages: As shown in the overview of the Figure 5a As can be seen, belt supports 18 are arranged at intervals corresponding to the length of the uprights 2 in the conveying direction 11, the width direction of the wall panel to be produced, here in the form of roller tracks 18 consisting of a large number of horizontally arranged rotatable, optionally also controllable, transport rollers 30.

[0116] On each roller track 18 a belt 6a, b is placed with opposing positioning recesses 23a, 23b, whereby the correct distance in the upright direction 4' is ensured by belt guides 32a, b provided on both sides, i.e. on the respective outside of the belt 6a, 6, for the belts as a stop in the height direction of the wall panel 1 to be produced.

[0117] The production The process begins on a support layer 4 by placing the two belts 6a, 6b onto their respective belt supports 18a, 18b and pushing or driving them forward in the conveying direction 11 up to activated end stops 31 located at analogous positions in the conveying direction 11, and – usually manually – bringing them outwards into contact with their belt guides 32a, 32b according to Figure 5a and Figure 6a .

[0118] Then, from above, the first wooden beam upright 4.1 is placed, in particular directly, on the end stops 31, 31 onto the beginning of the two straps 6a, 6b - preferably automatically - with its strap recesses 24a, b pointing downwards between the straps 6a, 6b, so that it rests only with each of its end tongues 25a, 25b on the front end of one of the two cross straps 6a, b and is then nailed from above by means of nails 13 through these end tongues 25a, 25b to the strap 6a, b below - preferably automatically.

[0119] Preferably, a supply of uprights of type 4A is located, for example, above the area in front of the end stops 31, from which - preferably automatically - the first upright 4.1 and subsequently the further uprights 4.ff are placed and nailed together.

[0120] At the position of a specific, e.g. the fifth, upright 4.5, the two crossbeams 6a, 6b have - as in Figure 5avisible - each a positioning recess 23a, b facing each other, extending through the entire thickness of the belt, so that at this position in the vertical direction 10 the clear distance between the belts 6a, 6b is greater.

[0121] Accordingly, for insertion at this, for example, fifth position, a stand of type 4B is required, of which there is also a supply, for example, above the area in front of the end stops 31, and whose end tongues 25a, b are somewhat shorter corresponding to the depth of the positioning recesses 23a, b. This is inserted as stand 4.5 between the positioning recesses 23a, b.

[0122] Basically, it is irrelevant at which positions positioning recesses 23a, b are provided for a stand of type 4B, provided that the distance in the conveying direction 11 between the positioning recesses 23a, b of a belt preferably corresponds to a multiple of the nominal width B, possibly plus an allowance for manufacturing inaccuracies.

[0123] As soon as the first stand 4.1 is placed and mounted, i.e. nailed in place, the stops 31 are deactivated, i.e. removed from the path of movement of the cross straps 6a, b and the mounted stands, for example moved downwards between the transport rollers 30.

[0124] The entire started upright layer 4 can then be moved forward in transport direction 11 to the target width B of an upright.

[0125] Theoretically, this is possible by controlled driving of the transport rollers 30. However, since slippage can occur in this process, it is preferable instead to grip the first mounted stand 4.1 and / or the front end of the two cross belts 6a, b by one or, better yet, two grippers 2 spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction 10, preferably clamped, and preferably mounted on a common gripper arm 3.

[0126] By moving the grippers 2, in particular the gripper arm 3, forward in the transport direction 11 by, for example, a target width B of a stand or the width of a special package to be inserted, another stand 4.2ff or a special package can be successively placed on the belts 6a, b and connected to them until the stand layer 4 is completed.

[0127] In this way, automatic placement devices 33a, b for the stands and automatic nailing devices 34 can essentially remain in their longitudinal position in the conveying direction 11 and do not need to be designed to be movable in the conveying direction 11.

[0128] If the placement device - like Figure 7a in the same direction as the Figures 6a, b If a gripper 33 is used to place the individual stands, for example at the front end of a robot arm, the stand will usually be clamped between two gripper prongs 33a, b, which grip the side surfaces of the stand 4x pointing in and against the transport direction 11.

[0129] Then the problem arises that a gripping tine 33b would collide with the previously mounted stand 4x immediately behind it - or with the longitudinal stop 31 in the case of the first stand - when lowering the stand.

[0130] Therefore, the stand to be mounted can be placed on a stand support 35, which is height-adjustable by means of an adjusting cylinder 36, at such a storage height that, on the one hand, the gripping prong 33b does not yet collide with the adjacent previously mounted stand and, on the other hand, preferably, the stand 4x is not yet immersed with its middle part between the two straps 6a, b.

[0131] After removing the gripper 33, according to Figure 7c The stand is pressed downwards 4 times from above by means of a pressing device 38 until the end tongues 25 a, b rest on the straps 6a, b, for which of course the stand support 35 must also be lowered further.

[0132] Before pressing between the straps 6a, b, according to Figure 7bThe stand 4x – preferably still at storage height – is pushed with slight resistance in the transport direction 11 or the pushing direction 11 against a stand stop 39 or the last previously mounted stand by means of a slider 37. During the downward pushing of the stand until its end tongues rest on the belts 6a, b, the slider 37 does not push against the stand, but is preferably moved slightly backwards away from it.

[0133] The stand stop 39 for the stand 4x held by the gripper 33 serves in particular as a stop for the gripper tine 33b in the vertical direction and in the transport direction 11 in particular as a stop for the held stand 4x.

[0134] Preferably, this stand stop 39 is arranged above the activated end stop 31 and / or the last mounted stand.

[0135] Preferably, this stand stop 39 is arranged with its contact surface pointing against the direction of transport 11 slightly in front of the end stop 31 in the direction of transport 11. REFERENCE MARK LIST

[0136] 1Wall panel 2Gripper 3Gripper arm 4Stand layer 4'Stand direction 4a, bPage 4.1, 4.2 Timber stud 4A, B Type of timber stud 4PS Stud package 4PT Door package 4PF Window package 4PFa Top chord 4PFb Bottom chord 4PInst Installation package 5 Sheathing panel, sheathing 5* Installation sheathing 6a, b Chord 7 Installation base 8 Layer 9 Fiber direction 10 Vertical direction of panel 11 Transverse direction, width direction, conveying direction 12 Thickness direction 13 Screw, nail, staple 14 Insulation body 14a Insulation body-wall 15 Weatherproof layer 16 Air gap 17 Rib 18a, b Chord support 19 Horizontal direction 20 Vertical direction 21 Installation channel 21a Installation opening 22 Installation recess 23 Positioning recess 24a, b Crossbelt recess 25a, b End tongue 26 Batten 27 Package recess 28 Saw blade 29 Cutter 30 Transport roller 31 Face stop 32a, b Belt guide, Side stop 33 Placement device, Gripper 33a, b Gripper tine 34 Nail device 35 Height-adjustable stand support 36 Actuating cylinder 37 Slider 38 Press-in device 39 Placement stop . 50 Exterior wall 60 floor ceiling 100 buildings aDepth 23 bDepth 27 BTarget width of upright dThickness of belt DThickness of upright and upright layer FWindow opening TDoor opening

Claims

1. Wall panel (1) with - comprising a stud layer (4) - timber-beam studs (4.1, 4.2) arranged closely next to one another, in particular touching one another, - which at the upper and lower end are connected to one another by a respective rail (6a, b) running transversely to their stud direction (4') - and one or more planar sheathings (5), in particular extending over the entire wall panel (1), on at least one side of the stud layer (4), characterised in that - the rails (6a, b), in the thickness direction (12) of the stud layer (4), have a smaller thickness (d) than the stud layer (4) and both are arranged in the thickness direction (12) only on one, namely the same, side (4a) of the stud layer (4) and - with their cross-section lie in end rail recesses (24) of the timber-beam studs (4.1-4.z) adjacent to the remaining end tongues (25a, b).

2. Wall panel according to claim 1, characterised in that - the thickness (d) of the rails (6a, b) is at most 40%, in particular at most 35%, in particular at most 30%, in particular at most 25%, in particular at most 20% of the thickness (D) of the stud layer (4) and / or - the thickness (d) of the rails (6a, b) is at most 39 mm, in particular at most 33 mm, in particular at most 27 mm, in particular at most 24 mm, in particular at most 20 mm and / or - the thickness (d) of the end tongues (25a, b) is at least 61 mm, in particular at least 67 mm, in particular at least 73 mm, in particular at least 78 mm, in particular at least 83 mm.

3. Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that - along the rails (6a, b), at defined spacings and at corresponding positions and opposite one another, positioning recesses (23) are present with the width (b) of a timber-beam stud (4.1), between which there are studs whose rail recess (24a, b) and end tab (25a, b) are then shorter than in studs away from the positioning recesses (23).

4. Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that - the rails (6a, b) do not project in the longitudinal direction (10) beyond the ends of the timber-beam studs (4.1-4z), in particular terminate flush with them, and where applicable are set back relative to them.

5. Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that - the timber-beam studs (4.1-4z) consist of solid wood with the fibre direction (9) primarily in the longitudinal direction (10) of the timber-beam studs (4.1-4z), - the transverse rails (6a, b) consist of laminated wood, in particular plywood, in particular veneer plywood, with in particular at least five layers (8) and preferably a crossing grain orientation with respect to the individual layers (8).

6. Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that - the sheathing board (5) consists of a material effective for fire protection, in particular flame-retardant, - in particular is a gypsum plasterboard, - preferably is a gypsum fibreboard stabilised with, in particular non-combustible, fibres.

7. Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that - each timber-beam stud (4.1-4z) is connected to each of the rails (6a, b) by two screws (13) or nails (13) or staples (13), in particular - the screws (13) or nails (13), in particular screw nails, or staples are introduced from the side (4b) facing away from the rail (6a, b) through the stud layer (4) into the rail (6a, b), and / or - the screws (13) or nails (13) or staples are introduced through the sheathing board (5) and where applicable through the rail (6a, b) into the timber-beam studs (4.1-4z).

8. Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that - with several sheathing or facing boards (5), these abut one another, in the transverse direction (11) to the longitudinal direction (10) of the timber-beam studs (4.1-4z), on one of the timber-beam studs (4.1-4z).

9. Wall panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the timber-beam studs (4.1-4p) arranged closely next to one another define at least one stud package (4P) and the wall panel comprises a special package, in particular - a door package (4PT), which contains a door opening (T), optionally framed by jamb timbers, or - a window package (4PF), which contains a window opening (F), optionally framed by jamb timbers, or - an installation package (4PInst), which contains an installation duct (21) wherein the special package in particular has a width (B) of the single or an integer multiple of the width (b) of a timber-beam stud (4.1).

10. Wall panel according to the preceding claim, characterised in that - within such a special package, in particular a door package (4PT) or window package (4PF), a special stud (4*) can also be used which has a width deviating from the nominal width (B), for example 1.5 times or twice, - which in particular bounds the opening, e.g. (F), on one side.

11. Wall panel according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterised in that the installation package (4Plnst), in cross-section transverse to its longitudinal direction (10), has - an installation base (7), - an installation duct (21), in particular running in the longitudinal direction (10), which on all sides, except for the outside flush with the outside of the installation package (4PInst), is enclosed by an enclosure of non-combustible material.

12. Wall panel according to claim 11, characterised in that - the installation base (7) consists of a wood-based material, but not of solid wood, - in particular of laminated wood, in particular plywood, in particular veneer plywood, with in particular at least two layers (8) and preferably a crossing grain orientation with respect to the individual layers (8).

13. Wall panel according to one of claims 11 and 12, characterised in that - either the installation base (7) on the one hand and the enclosure of non-combustible material on the other hand extend over the entire width of the installation package (4PInst), - or the enclosure of non-combustible material is arranged at least partly in an installation recess (22) running in the direction of the installation duct (21) in the installation base (7).

14. Wall panel according to any one of claims 11, 12 and 13, characterised in that - the enclosure of the installation duct (21) consists of one or more layers of gypsum plasterboards and / or gypsum fibreboards, - with several layers these in particular lie parallel to the main plane (4") of the stud layer (4), - the installation duct (21) is worked into the layer structure, for example is milled in.

15. Building (100) made of - storey-high wall panels (1) from wall panels (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that - for a wall panel (1) as an external wall (50) the wall panel (1), with the rails (6a, b) running horizontally, is arranged on the outside of the building (100), - for a wall panel (1) as an external wall (50) the storey floor / ceiling (60) bears only in the thickness region of the upper ends (defining) of the timber-beam studs (4.1-4z) on the wall panel (1) of the external wall (50).

16. Building according to claim 15, characterised in that the free space remaining between wall panels (1) standing one above the other and a storey floor / ceiling in between is tightly filled with a curable, compression-resistant filling material, in particular mortar or concrete.

17. Building according to claim 16 or 15, wherein an external wall (50) from outside to inside comprises at least - a weather protection layer (15), - an insulation body (14) with thermal insulation material (14a), - the wall panel (1) as a bearing layer, characterised in that - the insulation body (14) is formed as a prefabricated, substantially closed on all sides, separately handleable component, fastenable to the corresponding wall panel, preferably only from the outside, with insulation material (14a) in its interior and can therefore be replaced at any time, - the introducing of the insulation material (14a) into the insulation body (14) can, in particular with blown-in insulation material, also take place after mounting the insulation body (14) on the wall panel (1).

18. Method for producing wall panels (1) according to any one of claims 1-15 characterised in that the stud layer (4) is produced in a continuous-flow process by a) arranging two rails (6a, b) at the correct stud longitudinal spacing and with a free space in between, facing downwards with their end faces in a defined position, in particular at an end stop (31), b) inserting a first stud (4.1) in between by placing the end tongues (25a, b) of the stud (4.1) on the two rails (6a, b), such that the rails lie in the rail recesses (24a, b), c) fixing, in particular screwing, stapling or nailing, this stud through its end tongues (25a, b) with respect to the two transverse rails (6a, b), d) inserting the next stud (4.2) or special package (4P) between the rails (6a, b) behind the last, in particular already fixed to the rails (6a, b), stud (4.1), e) fixing, in particular screwing or nailing or stapling, this stud through its end tongues with respect to the two rails (6a, b), f) repeating steps d) and e) until, over the entire length of the transverse rails (6a, b), their stud longitudinal spacing is filled with timber-beam studs (4.1-4.z).

19. Method according to claim 18, characterised in that - between steps b) and c) the next stud (4.2) is pushed in the direction, in particular up to contact, against the preceding stud (4.1).

20. Method according to any one of the preceding method claims, characterised in that after fixing each or a defined number of studs (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) between the rails (6a, b) the resulting stud layer (4) and / or the at least one end stop (31) - either is moved forwards by the width of a timber-beam stud or of a special package, - in particular after deactivating the end stop (31).

21. Method according to any one of the preceding method claims, characterised in that to move the resulting stud layer forwards, the first timber-beam stud (4.1), with the rails (6a, b) fastened to it, is gripped by a gripper and moved forwards in the transport direction (10) in defined steps.

22. Method according to any one of the preceding method claims, wherein - the two rails (6a, b) have, in the mutually facing narrow longitudinal sides, at corresponding longitudinal positions, positioning recesses (23) with a length corresponding at least to the width (b) of a stud (4.1), characterised in that - in the regions away from the positioning recesses (23) studs of a type A, which have long end tongues (25a, b), are inserted, - between two opposite positioning recesses (23), studs of a type B, which in contrast have shorter end tongues (25a, b), are inserted.

23. Method according to any one of the preceding method claims, characterised in that - in steps d) and e) a stud package (4P) with a width of an integer multiple of the width (b) of a single stud is inserted.

24. Method according to any one of the preceding method claims, characterised in that an installation package (4PInst) is produced by - applying and bonding non-combustible material on an installation base (7), which in particular has the width corresponding to the width of the installation package (4PInst), - in particular in the form of one or more layers (8), - in particular gypsum plasterboards or gypsum fibreboards, - introducing, in the non-combustible layer structure, an installation duct (21) in such a way, in particular by milling, that the installation duct (21) is enclosed seamlessly by non-combustible material on all sides except on the outside opposite the installation base (7).

25. Method according to any one of the preceding method claims, characterised in that - the non-combustible material is introduced into an installation recess (22) of the installation base (7) - in particular until this installation recess (22) is completely filled with the non-combustible material.

26. Method according to any one of the preceding method claims, characterised in that after completion of the stud layer (4) its sheathing is carried out by g) placing at least one layer of sheathing boards (5) on the top side of the finished stud layer (4), h) fixing, in particular screwing or nailing or stapling, these sheathing boards (5) with respect to the stud layer (4), i) turning the stud layer (4) so that the sheathing boards (5) fastened thereto face downwards and the rails (6a, b) face upwards, k) repeating steps g) and h) on the side of the stud layer (4) now facing upwards.

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