Solid fuel fireplace for domestic use

Abstract

The solid fuel combustion appliance according to the invention for domestic use, comprising a combustion chamber with at least two air supply openings, at least one flow deflection device, and at least one air outlet, is characterized by: - ​​that two temperature sensors are provided, one temperature sensor being configured as a combustion chamber temperature sensor and the other as an exhaust gas temperature sensor; - that an evaluation and control device is provided, which is configured as an evaluation device that receives measured values ​​from the temperature sensors; - that a control device for at least one air supply damper for the combustion air is provided; - that the evaluation and control device is configured as an evaluation and control device that controls the control device.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a solid fuel fireplace for domestic use.

[0002] Solid fuel fireplaces include, for example, fireplace stoves that are operated with solid fuel, such as firewood or pellets.

[0003] A method and device for controlling combustion in combustion systems are known from the prior art (DE 10 2019 217 537 A1). According to this prior art, an oxygen coefficient value is determined from the temperature in the combustion chamber area and / or exhaust flues of the combustion system and, if applicable, in the exhaust gas, as well as an energy balance of the combustion process in the combustion system, the combustion air, and the exhaust gas. This oxygen coefficient value is used to control the primary and secondary combustion air flows and thus the thermal output and combustion quality. This prior art system has the disadvantage that the influence of a door opening of the combustion system is not detected.

[0004] Solid fuel fireplaces are familiar from practice. They have a combustion chamber in which fuel can be arranged. The combustion chamber can be closed with a door. To place fuel in the combustion chamber, the door is opened and closed again after the combustion chamber has been filled. This causes the temperature in the combustion chamber to change. However, the combustion chamber temperature rises relatively quickly again and approaches a limit. This limit must not be exceeded excessively, as this would have negative effects on the combustion process with regard to duration, performance, and the resulting harmful emissions. Initially, a so-called "over-ignition" of the fuel should occur, meaning the fuel begins to burn. If over-ignition does not occur, the combustion chamber temperature does not rise, and a deflagration can occur.

[0005] For this reason, it is necessary to record and control the combustion chamber temperature. It is also essential to detect door opening so that the control system can switch to a heating phase.

[0006] In practice, it is known to arrange a sensor, for example a contact sensor, in the area of ​​the door to detect the opening of the door and to detect the opening and, if applicable, the closing of the door.

[0007] The technical problem underlying the invention is to provide a solid fuel fireplace that does not require a door opening sensor. Furthermore, a method for operating a solid fuel fireplace that allows the combustion chamber temperature to be controlled without requiring a separate door opening sensor.

[0008] This technical problem is solved by a solid fuel fireplace having the features according to claim 1 and by a method having the features according to claim 13.

[0009] The solid fuel fireplace according to the invention for domestic use with a combustion chamber in which fuel can be arranged, with at least two air inlets, with at least one flow deflection device and with at least one air outlet, is characterized in that that the combustion chamber has a closable opening, that two temperature sensors are provided, one temperature sensor being designed as a temperature sensor that detects a combustion chamber temperature and one temperature sensor being designed as a temperature sensor that detects an exhaust gas temperature, that an evaluation and control device is provided, and that the evaluation and control device is provided as an evaluation and control device that detects measured values ​​of the temperature sensors, that a control device for at least one air supply flap for the supply air is provided, and that the evaluation and control device is designed as an evaluation and control device that controls the control device.

[0010] The solid fuel fireplace according to the invention has the advantage that the two temperature sensors detect the combustion chamber temperature and the exhaust gas temperature. Because of these two temperature sensors, it is not necessary to provide an additional sensor for detecting door opening.

[0011] This makes it possible to save on an additional sensor, which on the one hand reduces costs and on the other hand reduces maintenance and replacement parts.

[0012] According to the invention, only two temperature sensors are provided. No further temperature sensors are provided in the solid fuel fireplace.

[0013] With these two temperature sensors it is possible to control the entire supply air regulation for optimized combustion of the fuel.

[0014] The solid fuel fireplace according to the invention has an air supply. The air supply consists of primary air, secondary air, and optionally tertiary air.

[0015] The primary air is preferably supplied to the combustion chamber from below. The secondary and, if necessary, tertiary air is preferably supplied to the combustion chamber from the side or from above.

[0016] The secondary air can, for example, be supplied to the flame in the combustion chamber from above in the form of a disc purge.

[0017] With the temperature sensor, which measures the combustion chamber temperature, it is possible to detect a door opening.

[0018] The combustion chamber advantageously has a closable opening. The opening can be closed, for example, with a door. It is possible, for example, to provide a pivoting door or a sliding door that can be moved horizontally or vertically.

[0019] In the following, the term "door" is used, which includes all devices for closing the opening of the combustion chamber.

[0020] When the combustion chamber door is opened, the temperature in the combustion chamber drops suddenly. This drop in the combustion chamber temperature is detected by the temperature sensor, which is designed as a combustion chamber temperature sensor.

[0021] The combustion process is advantageously carried out as follows: When the solid fuel fireplace is lit, 100% primary air and 100% secondary air are supplied to the combustion chamber. The primary air is preferably supplied from below. This supply of primary air ignites the wood, and the gases from the wood are released.

[0022] The secondary air is preferably supplied from the side of the combustion chamber, for example, via a windscreen washer or side air inlets. This converts combustion gases into CO2, resulting in post-combustion to prevent or reduce the emission of harmful emissions such as particulate matter, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide (CO).

[0023] The tertiary air is advantageously supplied from the side of the combustion chamber.

[0024] The air supply is advantageously regulated. It is particularly advantageous to supply 100% primary air and 100% secondary air at the beginning of the combustion process. However, the primary air supply should be reduced to zero depending on the time and the combustion chamber temperature. Secondary air is always supplied, and the reduction of the secondary air advantageously occurs later than for the primary air. At the beginning of a combustion process, more primary air is supplied than secondary air.

[0025] The primary air is used for heating. If the door is opened, for example, to add wood or other fuel, this door opening is detected by the temperature sensor for measuring the combustion chamber temperature. In this case, it is beneficial to add more primary air until the supply volume is reduced again.

[0026] In order to avoid overheating of the solid fuel fireplace, the air supply is advantageously controlled via the control device in such a way that the primary air supply is throttled as soon as a specified maximum temperature in the combustion chamber is exceeded.

[0027] The exhaust gas temperature is advantageously kept at a certain level until it drops because the fuel decreases.

[0028] During a full-bore combustion phase, the exhaust gas temperature is monitored. If the exhaust gas temperature falls below a specified value, the amount of secondary air supplied is increased.

[0029] If the temperature falls below the maximum combustion chamber temperature, it is advantageous to add more fuel.

[0030] In principle, the evaluation and control device can regulate the air supply via the control device in such a way that embers can be maintained or burned out.

[0031] The evaluation and control device is advantageously designed as an evaluation and control device that detects temperatures of the two temperature sensors and evaluates temperature values.

[0032] The solid fuel fireplace according to the invention has at least three combustion phases: the heating-up phase, the full combustion phase and the ember combustion phase. Further phases may be planned.

[0033] During the heating phase, the two temperature sensors and the evaluation and control device advantageously detect whether the fuel has ignited. The two temperature sensors and the evaluation and control device can advantageously detect which wood and / or how much wood has been added.

[0034] The two temperature sensors and the evaluation and control device are advantageously designed as temperature sensors and evaluation and control devices that detect ignition of the fuel in the heating-up phase.

[0035] During the full combustion phase, the exhaust gas temperature is advantageously recorded by at least one of the two temperature sensors and the evaluation and control device.

[0036] One of the two temperature sensors is advantageously designed as a temperature sensor that detects an exhaust gas temperature during the full combustion phase.

[0037] During the ember burn-off phase, the two temperature sensors and the evaluation and control device advantageously detect whether more fuel can be added.

[0038] The evaluation and control device is advantageously designed as an evaluation and control device that detects and evaluates the temperatures of the two temperature sensors during the ember burn-off phase. Preferably, the evaluation and control device is designed as a device that evaluates the refueling during the ember burn-off phase.

[0039] The temperature sensor measuring the combustion chamber temperature and the evaluation and control device are advantageously provided to monitor the ignition process.

[0040] The evaluation and control device and the temperature sensor detecting the combustion chamber temperature are advantageously designed as an evaluation and control device monitoring the ignition process and as a temperature sensor detecting the ignition process.

[0041] The temperature sensor detecting the combustion chamber temperature and the evaluation and control device are advantageously provided to monitor a door opening.

[0042] The evaluation and control device and the temperature sensor detecting the combustion chamber temperature are advantageously designed as an evaluation and control device monitoring a door opening and as a temperature sensor monitoring a door opening.

[0043] The temperature sensor detecting the combustion chamber temperature and the evaluation and control device are advantageously designed as a temperature sensor and as an evaluation and control device for detecting a type of wood and / or quantity of wood added or added.

[0044] The second temperature sensor detecting the exhaust gas temperature and the evaluation and control device are advantageously designed as an evaluation and control device and temperature sensor carrying out a power control for the combustion.

[0045] The control device is advantageously controlled by the evaluation and control device in less than one minute, advantageously in less than 30 seconds, particularly advantageously in less than 10 seconds.

[0046] Advantageously, the solid fuel fireplace according to the invention is designed such that the heating phase, the full combustion phase, and the ember burnout phase can be controlled using the two temperature sensors and the evaluation and control device. The control is advantageously carried out in such a way that the emission of harmful emissions is minimized.

[0047] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the temperature sensor for detecting the combustion chamber temperature is arranged in the combustion chamber or after a first flow deflection device.

[0048] The solid fuel combustion device advantageously has at least one, but advantageously several, flow deflection devices in the direction of the exhaust air flow. The flow deflection devices are advantageously arranged downstream of the combustion chamber in the direction of the exhaust air flow.

[0049] The air flow in the solid fuel fireplace advantageously leads from the air supply, for example at least one air inlet opening, through the combustion chamber and one or more downstream flow deflection devices to a connection to a chimney.

[0050] A catalyst is advantageously arranged in the exhaust air stream. The catalyst can, for example, represent the second flow deflection device.

[0051] According to the present invention, the exhaust air flow is defined as the air flow leaving the combustion chamber.

[0052] The temperature sensor for detecting the combustion chamber temperature is advantageously located within the combustion chamber. This ensures reliable and immediate detection of the combustion chamber temperature. According to an advantageous alternative, the temperature sensor for detecting the combustion chamber temperature can also be located downstream of a first flow deflection device, as seen in the direction of the exhaust air flow. The flames of the combustion chamber typically penetrate up to the first flow deflection device. Locating the temperature sensor for detecting the combustion chamber temperature downstream of a first flow deflection device still ensures that the combustion chamber temperature is reliably detected.

[0053] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the temperature sensor for detecting the combustion chamber temperature is arranged upstream of a second flow deflection device and / or upstream of a catalyst.

[0054] The arrangement upstream of a second flow diversion device and / or upstream of the catalyst means the arrangement in the exhaust gas direction upstream of a second flow diversion device and / or upstream of the catalyst.

[0055] This design has the advantage that the temperature sensor for detecting the combustion chamber temperature is not too far from the combustion chamber. This allows the temperature sensor to detect the combustion chamber temperature reliably and directly.

[0056] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature is arranged downstream of the second flow deflection device or at least one further following flow deflection device.

[0057] The arrangement downstream of the second flow deflection device or at least one further following flow deflection device means the arrangement downstream of the second flow deflection device or at least one further following flow deflection device, as seen in the exhaust gas direction.

[0058] The exhaust gas temperature sensor is not intended to measure the combustion chamber temperature, but rather the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the combustion chamber.

[0059] Precise control of the solid fuel fireplace is possible, ensuring optimal combustion and thus post-combustion to prevent CO2 emissions.

[0060] According to an alternative advantageous embodiment, it is provided that the temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature has thermal insulation or is arranged in a sleeve through which air flows, and that the temperature sensor is arranged downstream of the first flow deflection device.

[0061] The arrangement of the temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature after the first flow deflection device means viewed in the direction of the exhaust air flow.

[0062] If the temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature has thermal insulation, the temperature sensor detects temperature changes more slowly than a non-thermally insulated temperature sensor. The same applies if the temperature sensor is arranged in a sleeve through which air flows. This also allows the temperature sensor according to this alternative embodiment to detect the temperature change more slowly than a temperature sensor without the sleeve.

[0063] This delayed detection of the temperature has the same effect as the arrangement of the temperature sensor in the direction of the exhaust air flow after the second flow deflection device or at least one further following flow deflection device.

[0064] The values ​​of this temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature are processed by the evaluation and control device and the control device for regulating the amount of supply air causes afterburning to reduce CO2 emissions.

[0065] The arrangement of the temperature sensor in an air-flow sleeve or the provision of thermal insulation for the temperature sensor results in damping of the temperature sensor.

[0066] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the solid fuel fireplace has only two temperature sensors. No additional temperature sensors are provided. This reduces the number of sensors and thus the costs. Repair and maintenance are also less expensive.

[0067] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature is arranged within an exhaust gas guiding device of the exhaust gas or outside the exhaust gas guiding device of the exhaust gas.

[0068] The temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature can advantageously be arranged within an exhaust gas ducting device, for example, a pipe or the like. This allows for direct detection of the exhaust gas temperature.

[0069] However, it is also possible to arrange the temperature sensor outside the air ducting device. If, for example, a pipe is provided as the air ducting device, the temperature sensor can also be arranged on the outside of the pipe. This design has the advantage that the temperature sensor is more easily accessible if it needs to be replaced. The arrangement outside the air ducting device also further attenuates the temperature sensor's ability to detect temperature values, which can be advantageous for regulating the supply air.

[0070] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the temperature sensor for detecting the combustion chamber temperature has a greater reaction speed than the temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature.

[0071] The temperature sensor that measures the combustion chamber temperature should have a high response time to allow for immediate monitoring of the temperature in the combustion chamber. This monitoring system can also immediately detect a door opening.

[0072] According to an advantageous embodiment, the temperature sensor that detects the exhaust gas temperature is less responsive than the temperature sensor that detects the combustion chamber temperature. For example, the temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature does not detect a door opening, or not to the same extent as the temperature sensor for detecting the combustion chamber temperature.

[0073] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, there is an upper limit value for the temperature of the exhaust gas air flow and a limit value for the temperature in the combustion chamber. The limit value for the exhaust gas temperature is lower than the limit value for the temperature in the combustion chamber. When the solid fuel fireplace is in operation, the temperature of the exhaust gas air flow drops when the door is opened. When the door is closed again, the temperature of the exhaust air flow immediately returns to its previous temperature value. The limit value is usually slightly exceeded and then the exhaust gas temperature drops again. The combustion chamber temperature drops more sharply when the door is opened than the temperature of the exhaust air flow. However, the combustion chamber temperature quickly rises again and approaches the limit value. It can also exceed the limit value slightly.However, the combustion chamber temperature limit must not be exceeded too much, as this will have a negative impact on the combustion process in terms of duration, performance, and resulting harmful emissions. Initially, what is known as overignition of the fuel should occur, i.e., the fuel begins to burn. If overignition does not occur, the combustion chamber temperature does not rise, and a deflagration can occur. This process is therefore regulated by the control and evaluation device by reducing the primary air supply, ideally to zero. Overignition causes the fuel to burn and the combustion gases to be released. Overshooting of the combustion chamber temperature must be avoided, i.e., the combustion chamber temperature must not be too high. This is regulated by throttling the primary air supply.

[0074] It is always advisable to supply secondary air during the combustion process, as otherwise excessive emissions may occur and, in the worst case, even an explosion may occur.

[0075] The exhaust gas temperature sensor is advantageously arranged to avoid excessive temperature fluctuations. This is achieved by advantageously arranging the temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature downstream of the second flow deflection device or at least one further downstream flow deflection device in the direction of the exhaust air flow, and / or by thermally insulating the temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature or arranging it in a sleeve through which air flows.

[0076] Through these embodiments, the temperature sensor detects the actual heat of the exhaust air flow.

[0077] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a reaction speed of the temperature sensor for detecting the combustion chamber temperature is at least twice as high as a reaction speed of the temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature.

[0078] Since, as already explained, the temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature is intended to detect the actual heat emission of the exhaust air flow, it is advantageous if the reaction speed of this temperature sensor is significantly lower than the reaction speed of the temperature sensor for detecting the combustion chamber temperature.

[0079] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a control device is provided for regulating the supplied amount of primary air or secondary air. Advantageously, the control device can also control the supplied amount of tertiary air: The supply of primary air, secondary air, or tertiary air controls the combustion in the solid fuel fireplace, so that the supplied amounts of primary air, secondary air, or tertiary air regulate the manner of heating and combustion of the solid fuel fireplace.

[0080] A further advantageous embodiment of the solid fuel fireplace provides that the control device has a slide or a cam disc, and that at least one opening for the supply of primary air and at least one opening for the supply of secondary air are provided, and that the openings are designed to be closable with the slide or the cam disc.

[0081] According to a further advantageous embodiment, an opening for the supply of tertiary air can also be provided, which opening can be closed via the slide or the cam disc.

[0082] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, only one slide or only one cam disc is provided which closes or opens the air supply of the primary air and the secondary air and optionally the tertiary air.

[0083] The amount of primary air and secondary air supplied is essential for the operation of the solid fuel fireplace in relation to the various phases, such as heating up, combustion, burnout and ember maintenance or ember combustion.

[0084] By regulating the air supply with just one device, such as a slide valve or cam disc, the solid fuel fireplace is designed to be inexpensive and low-maintenance.

[0085] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the control and evaluation device has a device for outputting a signal.

[0086] If, for example, it is necessary or advisable to add more fuel, the evaluation and control device can emit an acoustic signal, an optical signal or another signal via an appropriate device.

[0087] It is also possible to issue or display a corresponding message via an app, for example on a smartphone or tablet.

[0088] This signal is advantageously output when a maximum temperature drop below the combustion chamber temperature is detected.

[0089] The catalyst located in the exhaust air stream focuses the exhaust air flow. For this reason, the catalyst can be designed as a flow deflection device in the exhaust air stream.

[0090] A power supply unit is advantageously provided for the evaluation and control device and / or the control device.

[0091] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, an external power supply is provided. This power supply is freely accessible and replaceable if necessary.

[0092] The flow deflection device in the exhaust air stream is provided to ensure optimal heat dissipation of the exhaust heat to the environment. The exhaust air flow is throttled by the at least one flow deflection device with respect to the exhaust air velocity. This dissipates the heat to the environment of the solid fuel fireplace, and only the cooled exhaust air stream enters the chimney.

[0093] The method according to the invention for operating a solid fuel fireplace with the features of claim 1 is characterized in that that the temperature sensor for detecting the combustion chamber temperature detects the combustion chamber temperature, that the evaluation and control device detects a door opening via the temperature measurement values ​​detected by the temperature sensor for detecting the combustion chamber temperature.

[0094] When the door of the solid fuel fireplace is opened, the combustion chamber temperature drops. This drop in the combustion chamber temperature is detected by the temperature sensor. Based on this event, the evaluation and control unit initiates a heating phase, i.e., the primary air supply is opened until the flue gas temperature is again advantageously above the value before the door was opened. A new combustion phase then begins.

[0095] The method according to the invention for operating a solid fuel fireplace has at least three combustion phases: the heating-up phase, the full combustion phase and the ember combustion phase. Further phases may be planned.

[0096] During the heating phase, the two temperature sensors and the evaluation and control device advantageously detect whether the fuel has ignited. The two temperature sensors and the evaluation and control device can advantageously detect which wood and / or how much wood has been added.

[0097] During the full combustion phase, the exhaust gas temperature is advantageously recorded by at least one of the two temperature sensors and the evaluation and control device.

[0098] During the ember burn-off phase, the two temperature sensors and the evaluation and control device advantageously detect whether more fuel can be added.

[0099] The temperature sensor that measures the combustion chamber temperature and the evaluation and control device advantageously monitor the ignition process.

[0100] The temperature sensor that detects the combustion chamber temperature and the evaluation and control device advantageously monitor a door opening.

[0101] The temperature sensor that measures the combustion chamber temperature and the evaluation and control device advantageously monitor the type of wood and / or quantity of wood that has been added or added.

[0102] The second temperature sensor, which measures the exhaust gas temperature, and the evaluation and control device advantageously monitor a power control for the combustion.

[0103] The control device is advantageously controlled by the evaluation and control device in less than one minute, advantageously in less than 30 seconds, particularly advantageously in less than 10 seconds.

[0104] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method, it is provided that the control and evaluation device regulates the output of the solid fuel combustion device using the measured values ​​of the temperature sensor for detecting the exhaust gas temperature.

[0105] If the exhaust gas temperature is high enough to allow normal combustion, the primary air supply is throttled or regulated to zero. Only secondary air and, if necessary, tertiary air are supplied to ensure optimal combustion and minimize CO2 emissions.

[0106] According to a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, it is provided that the quantity of supply air of the primary air or the secondary air or the tertiary air is regulated in order to regulate the output of the solid fuel fireplace.

[0107] A combination of the controls for primary air, secondary air and tertiary air individually or together is also possible.

[0108] This ensures optimal combustion. Other phases, such as burnout, ember maintenance, or ember burnout, can also be adjusted.

[0109] Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the accompanying drawings, in which examples of a solid fuel fireplace are shown merely by way of example, without limiting the invention to these embodiments. In the drawings: Fig. 1: a schematic drawing of a solid fuel fireplace; Fig. 2: a modified embodiment of a solid fuel fireplace; Fig. 3: a modified embodiment of a solid fuel fireplace; Fig. 4: a schematic representation of the various heating and combustion phases in a solid fuel fireplace; Fig. 5: a representation of the temporal progression of the supply of primary and secondary air; Fig. 6: a temporal representation of the temperature progression of the combustion chamber and the exhaust air flow; Fig. 7: a representation of the temperature plotted against time for the various phases in a solid fuel fireplace; Fig. 8: a representation of a damper in the closed position for air supply openings for primary and secondary air; Fig. 9: a representation of a damper in a position for air supply for secondary air; Fig. 10: a representation of a damper in the open position for primary and secondary air; Fig.Fig. 11: a diagram of a cam disc in the open position for primary and secondary air; Fig. 12: a diagram of a cam disc in the closed position for the supply of primary and secondary air.

[0110] Fig. 1 shows, schematically, a solid fuel fireplace 1 with a combustion chamber 2 and an exhaust gas guide device 3. A catalyst 4 and two flow deflection devices 5, 6 are provided in the exhaust gas guide device 3. The flow deflection devices 5, 6 can be made of sheet metal or another material, for example, a ceramic material. A first flow deflection device 7 is arranged between the combustion chamber 2 and the exhaust gas guide device 3. This can be, for example, a vermiculite deflection device. The flow deflection devices 5, 6, 7 are shown only schematically.

[0111] Air is supplied to the combustion chamber 2 via an air supply device 8 through a control device 9. The control device 9 is connected to an evaluation and control device 10. The air is divided by the control device 9 into an air flow of primary air and an air flow of secondary air and, if necessary, an air flow of tertiary air. The primary air enters the combustion chamber 2 from below, i.e., from the direction of the control device 9. The tertiary and secondary air are supplied to the combustion chamber 2 from the side or from above. The secondary air can, for example, be supplied to the combustion chamber 2 as window flushing. The combustion chamber 2 has a door 11 (shown only schematically), through which solid fuels, such as wood or pellets, can be supplied to the combustion chamber 2. The supply is usually done manually.

[0112] The air entering the combustion chamber 2 through the air supply device 8 and the control device 9 is fed to the exhaust gas guide device 3 by the flow deflection device 7. The air is advantageously concentrated in the area of ​​the catalytic converter 4. Additional flow deflection devices 5, 6 ensure that the air, which is also referred to as exhaust gas after the combustion chamber 2, remains longer in the combustion chamber 2 and in the exhaust gas guide device 3. The flow deflection device 7, which can be designed as a vermiculite deflection device, also heats up and also releases heat over a longer period of time.

[0113] The exhaust gases are fed from the solid fuel combustion appliance 1 to a chimney (not shown) via a connection 12.

[0114] The solid fuel fireplace 1 has two temperature sensors, namely the temperature sensor 13 for detecting the temperature of the combustion chamber 2 and the temperature sensor 14 for detecting the temperature of the exhaust gases.

[0115] The temperature sensor 13 for detecting the combustion chamber temperature is located after the first deflection 7, but upstream of the catalytic converter 4. Since the exhaust gases are concentrated there, the catalytic converter 4 acts as a flow deflection device.

[0116] The flames of the combustion chamber 2 reach the area after the first deflection 7, so that the temperature sensor 13 detects the combustion chamber temperature.

[0117] The second temperature sensor 14 for detecting the exhaust gas temperature is located downstream of the fourth flow deflection device 6. The combustion chamber temperature no longer has a direct influence on this area. In this area, only the exhaust gas temperature is detected.

[0118] The temperature sensors 13, 14 are connected to the evaluation and control device 10. The connection can be implemented, for example, via cables (not shown), i.e., via a cable. It is also possible to establish the connection between the temperature sensors 13, 14 and the evaluation and control device wirelessly, for example, via radio or Bluetooth or the like.

[0119] Fig. 2 shows a modified embodiment. Identical parts are provided with the same reference numbers.

[0120] The embodiment according to Fig. 2 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 1 in that the temperature sensor 13 for detecting the combustion chamber temperature is arranged in the combustion chamber 2.

[0121] The temperature sensor 14 for detecting the exhaust gas temperature is located after the first deflection 7, but upstream of the catalytic converter 4. To ensure that the temperature sensor 14 does not detect the rapidly fluctuating temperature of the combustion chamber 2, but rather the exhaust gas temperature, the temperature sensor 14 has thermal insulation 15, which dampens the temperature sensor 14.

[0122] According to Fig. 3 A further embodiment of the solid fuel fireplace 1 is shown. Identical parts have the same reference numerals as in the Fig. 1 and 2 on.

[0123] The temperature sensor 13 for detecting the combustion chamber temperature is again arranged downstream of the flow deflection device 7, which can be designed as a vermiculite deflection device, but upstream of the catalytic converter 4. The temperature sensor 14 for detecting the exhaust gas temperature is arranged on the outside of the exhaust gas guide device 3. Therefore, the temperature sensor 14 does not have to be arranged in the exhaust air flow, but can be arranged outside the exhaust gas guide device 3. This also detects the exhaust gas temperature.

[0124] Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of the different phases of heating up, burning down, burning out, ember maintenance and ember burning down.

[0125] The first phase 20 is the "standby" phase. In this idle state, the door 11 of the solid fuel combustion appliance 1 is closed. The flue gas temperature is below a setpoint. The combustion chamber temperature is at room temperature. The air damper of the control device 9 is closed.

[0126] During the heating-up phase 21, wood or other solid fuel is ignited in the combustion chamber 2. The evaluation and control unit 10 detects a temperature increase in the combustion chamber 2 via the temperature sensor 13. The air damper is fully opened until the exhaust gas temperature exceeds a setpoint. After this heating-up phase, the evaluation and control unit 10 automatically switches to control mode. To prevent overheating of the solid fuel fireplace 1, the control unit 9 throttles the primary air supply as soon as a specified maximum temperature of the combustion chamber 2 is exceeded. As a result, the exhaust gas temperature also drops.

[0127] During full combustion phase 22, sufficient secondary air and, if necessary, tertiary air are supplied to convert oxygen and hydrocarbons into CO2 (carbon dioxide). This results in afterburning and reduces CO2 emissions.

[0128] If the exhaust gas temperature falls below a specified value, primary air and, if necessary, secondary air are supplied. This means that an air damper of control device 9 at least partially opens an air supply opening for secondary and, if necessary, tertiary air.

[0129] If the temperature falls below the maximum combustion chamber temperature, it is advisable to add more fuel. The evaluation and control unit 10 can issue a visual and / or acoustic signal to indicate that fuel should be added.

[0130] If fuel is added, the door 11 ( Fig. 1 bis 3 ) is opened and a heating phase 21 is again initiated, that is to say primary air is supplied by the control device 9 controlling the air slide or a cam disc or another device in such a way that at least one opening for the primary air supply is at least partially opened.

[0131] A new burn-off phase 22 then begins again.

[0132] The combustion phase 22 may be followed by a burnout phase 23 in which the fuel is burned as far as possible.

[0133] If the flue gas temperature falls below the previously set temperature, fuel must be added as described above.

[0134] If no fuel is added, an ember maintenance or ember burnout phase follows. During this phase, the temperature in the combustion chamber 2 slowly drops, allowing a new fire to ignite more quickly at a later time. If the door 11 is opened and closed again during this phase, the evaluation and control device 10 registers this as the addition of fuel, and the air damper, cam disc, or other mechanical device at least partially opens an air supply opening, thus resuming a heating phase 21. The phase with the door open is phase 27. 26 denotes the refueling phase, which corresponds to the "door open phase" 27.

[0135] If no fuel residues are to remain in the combustion chamber after the ember maintenance phase 24, an ember burn-off phase 25 is advantageously performed. The evaluation and control device 10 switches to the heating-up phase 21, i.e., primary air is supplied again, which is regulated by the control device 9. The remaining fuel residues are burned. The solid fuel fireplace then cools down to the idle state 20. The ember burn-off phase 25 is optional and can be switched on or off by the user.

[0136] Fig. 5 shows a curve for the supply of primary and secondary air during the heating phase. The percentage of primary and secondary air is plotted against time.

[0137] The primary air is represented by the dashed line, while the secondary air is represented by the solid line. It can be seen that at the beginning of the heating phase, primary and secondary air are supplied in equal parts, each at 100%. The primary air supply is throttled earlier than the secondary air supply.

[0138] According to Fig. 6 the temperature TB and the exhaust gas temperature TA are plotted against time. A maximum value 16 is specified for the combustion chamber temperature and a maximum value 17 is specified for the exhaust gas temperature. When the door is opened at time t 0 , the combustion chamber temperature drops. However, the combustion chamber temperature TB rises again relatively quickly and approaches the limit value 16, i.e. the previously specified maximum value of the combustion chamber temperature. This previously specified maximum value is exceeded to a slight extent at time t 1 . The maximum value 16 must not be exceeded too much, as otherwise over-ignition will occur. This over-ignition is undesirable and is controlled by regulating the primary air supply to zero using the control device 9. When over-ignition occurs, the fuel burns and the combustion gases are released.A so-called overshoot of the combustion chamber temperature TB must be avoided, i.e. the combustion chamber temperature must not be too high.

[0139] When the door is opened at time t0, the exhaust gas temperature TA also drops, but less than the combustion chamber temperature TB. The exhaust gas temperature TA then rises significantly more slowly than the combustion chamber temperature TB and approaches a predetermined maximum value 17. This maximum value 17 is slightly exceeded, and then the exhaust gas temperature drops again.

[0140] Fig. 7 shows another diagram with the different phases. It depicts the three phases: heating phase 21, full combustion phase or burn-down phase 22, and burn-out phase 23. The duration of the phases is shown in the X direction, and the temperature in the Y direction.

[0141] The refueling temperature 18 indicates the temperature when firewood is to be added. The upper curve indicates the combustion chamber temperature TB. The lower curve indicates the flue gas temperature TA. If the combustion chamber temperature TB drops below the refueling temperature 18, the evaluation and control unit 10 issues a signal to refuel, if desired.

[0142] Curve 19 indicates the target curve for the exhaust gas temperature. This target curve is defined in advance and stored in the evaluation and control unit 10 so that the exhaust gas temperature TA approximates this target curve as closely as possible.

[0143] Fig. 8 shows an air slide 28 arranged in the control device 9. The slide 28 is arranged in the control device 9 so that it can move in the direction of the double arrow A. The air slide 28 has openings 29, 30 and a release 31.

[0144] According to Fig. 9 The opening 30 exposes an air inlet opening 32 for the supply of secondary air. The opening 31 exposes an air inlet opening 33 for tertiary air. The air inlet opening 33 can also alternatively be designed for secondary air.

[0145] According to Fig. 10 Opening 30 completely exposes air inlet opening 32 for the secondary air. Opening 31 completely exposes air inlet opening 33 for the tertiary air, and opening 29 completely exposes an opening 34 for the primary air supply.

[0146] The position according to Fig. 10 is intended for heating phase 21. The position according to Fig. 9 is intended for full fire phase 22 and the position according to Fig. 8 is intended for standby phase 20.

[0147] In the Fig. 8, 9 und 10 a partition wall 38 is provided to separate the primary air flow and the secondary air flow and, if applicable, the tertiary air flow.

[0148] Fig. 11 shows the air supply device 8. The air supply device 8 has the control device 9. The control device 9, in turn, has a cam disc 35. The cam disc 35 is arranged within the air supply device 8. The cam disc 35 opens an opening 36 for the supply of primary air. Furthermore, the cam disc 35 opens an opening 37 for the supply of secondary air.

[0149] According to Fig. 12 are the same parts as in Fig. 11 with the same reference numbers. The cam disc 35 completely covers the secondary air supply opening 37 and the primary air supply opening 36. The cam disc 35 is mounted to rotate in the direction of the double arrow B. Reference numbers

[0150] 1 Solid fuel fireplace 2 Combustion chamber 3 Flow deflection device 4 Catalytic converter 5 Flow deflection device 6 Flow deflection device 7 Flow deflection device 8 Air supply device 9 Control device 10 Evaluation and control device 11 Door 12 Connection 13 Temperature sensor 14 Temperature sensor 15 Thermal insulation 16 Maximum combustion chamber temperature 17 Maximum flue gas temperature 18 Refueling temperature 19 Flue gas temperature setpoint 20 Standby phase 21 Heating-up phase 22 Full combustion phase 23 Burnout phase 24 Ember maintenance phase 25 Ember burnout phase 26 Refueling phase 27 Door open phase 28 Air damper 29 Opening 30 Opening 31 Release 32 Air inlet opening 33 Air inlet opening 34Opening 35Cam disc 36Primary air 37Secondary air 38Separation of primary air to secondary and tertiary air TBCombustion chamber temperature TAExhaust gas temperature t 0 Time of door opening t 1 Time of maximum combustion chamber temperatures after door opening AParrow BParrow

Claims

1. A solid fuel fireplace for domestic use, comprising a combustion chamber in which fuel can be arranged, at least two air inlets, at least one flow deflection device and at least one air outlet, characterized by - that the combustion chamber (2) has a closable opening (11), - that two temperature sensors (13, 14) are provided, wherein one temperature sensor (13) is designed as a temperature sensor detecting a combustion chamber temperature and one temperature sensor (14) is designed as a temperature sensor detecting an exhaust gas temperature, - that an evaluation and control device (10) is provided, and that the evaluation and control device (10) is provided as an evaluation and control device that records measured values of the temperature sensors (13, 14), - that a control device (9) for at least one air supply flap (28, 35) for the supply air is provided, - and thatthe evaluation and control device (10) is designed as an evaluation and control device (10) controlling the control device (9).

2. Solid fuel fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature sensor (13) for detecting the combustion chamber temperature is arranged in the combustion chamber (2) or after a first flow deflection device (7).

3. Solid fuel fireplace according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the temperature sensor (13) for detecting the combustion chamber temperature is arranged in front of a second flow deflection device (4).

4. Solid fuel fireplace according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature sensor (14) for detecting the exhaust gas temperature is arranged downstream of the second flow deflection device (4) or at least one further following flow deflection device (5, 6).

5. Solid fuel fireplace according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in thatthe temperature sensor (14) for detecting the exhaust gas temperature has thermal insulation (15) or is arranged in a sleeve through which air flows, and that the temperature sensor (14) is arranged downstream of the first flow deflection device (7).

6. Solid fuel fireplace according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that only the two temperature sensors (13, 14) are provided.

7. Solid fuel fireplace according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature sensor (14) for detecting the exhaust gas temperature is arranged within an exhaust gas guiding device (3) of the exhaust gas or outside the exhaust gas guiding device (3) of the exhaust gas.

8. Solid fuel fireplace according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature sensor (13) for detecting the combustion chamber temperature has a greater reaction speed than the temperature sensor (14) for detecting the exhaust gas temperature.

9. Solid fuel fireplace according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a reaction speed of the temperature sensor (13) for detecting the combustion chamber temperature is at least twice as high as a reaction speed of the temperature sensor (14) for detecting the exhaust gas temperature.

10. Solid fuel fireplace according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a control device (9) is provided for controlling the supplied quantity of primary air or secondary air or tertiary air.

11. Solid fuel fireplace according to claim 10, characterized in that the control device (9) has a slide (28) or a cam disc (35), and that at least one opening (34, 36) is provided for the supply of primary air and at least one opening (32, 37) is provided for the supply of secondary air, and that the openings (32, 34, 36, 37) are designed to be closable with the slide (28) or the cam disc (35).

12. Solid fuel fireplaces according to claim 11, characterized in that the control device (9) has a slide (28) or a cam disc (35), and that at least one opening (34, 36) is provided for the supply of primary air and at least one opening (32, 37) is provided for the supply of secondary air and at least one opening is provided for the supply of tertiary air, and that the openings (32, 34, 36, 37) are designed to be closable with the slide (28) or the cam disc (35).

13. Solid fuel fireplace according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solid fuel fireplace (1) has a device for outputting a signal.

14. A method for operating a solid fuel fireplace having the features of claim 1, characterized by - that the temperature sensor (13) for detecting the combustion chamber temperature detects the combustion chamber temperature, - thatthe evaluation and control device (10) detects a door opening via the temperature measurement values detected by the temperature sensor (13) for detecting the combustion chamber temperature.

15. Method according to claim 14, characterized in that the control and evaluation device (10) uses the measured values of the temperature sensor (14) to detect the exhaust gas temperature to regulate the output of the solid fuel combustion device (1).

16. Method according to one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that To regulate the output of the solid fuel combustion appliance (1), the quantity of supply air, primary air, secondary air or tertiary air is regulated.

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