Electrical lead-through and lead-through assembly

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electrical lead-through (10) comprising a main body (12) having at least one through-opening (13), wherein at least one electrical conductor (18) is arranged in the through-opening (13) and is fixed in the through-opening (13) by at least one insulator (20), wherein the insulator (20) closes the through-opening (13) and insulates with respect to the conductor (18) and a wall of the through-opening (13). The insulator (20) comprises at least one holding portion (22) which insulates with respect to the at least one electrical conductor (18) and holds same, and the insulator (20) comprises at least one leakage path extension (26) which surrounds, at a spacing, a part of the electrical conductor (18) that protrudes beyond the holding portion (22), wherein the at least one leakage path extension (26) is integral with the at least one holding portion (22) or is materially bonded, in particular by glass soldering or bonding, to the at least one holding portion (22), and the main body surrounds the at least one leakage path extension (26) at least in part, wherein the main body (12) contacts the leakage path extension (26). Further aspects of the invention relate to a lead-through assembly comprising such a lead-through (10), and to the use of the electrical lead-through (10).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an electrical feedthrough comprising a base body with at least one through-opening, wherein at least one electrical conductor is arranged in the through-opening and is fixed in the through-opening via at least one insulator, wherein the insulator closes the through-opening and seals it against the conductor and a wall of the through-opening. Further aspects of the invention relate to a feedthrough arrangement comprising such a feedthrough and the use of the electrical feedthrough.

[0002] Electrical feedthroughs with a glass or glass-ceramic component penetrated by electrical conductors, which in turn is encased in a metallic base body, are used in numerous applications. These applications include deep-sea facilities, such as oil drilling and exploration facilities, or their use in chemically or radiation-contaminated environments, such as in the chemical industry or in energy plant and reactor technology. Other applications include, for example, manned and unmanned watercraft, such as diving robots and submarines, as well as special gas tanks, such as CO2 storage or H2 tanks for motor vehicles with fuel cells, as well as applications in the aerospace sector.

[0003] In underwater applications, such as oil production, high temperatures, high pressures and / or corrosive media can place special demands on electrical feedthroughs, especially when considering service lives of approximately 20 years. In applications such as storage tanks, which use media such as liquefied natural gas or liquefied hydrogen, extremely low temperatures can occur to which the electrical feedthroughs are exposed. In reactor applications in the field of civil nuclear power, such as high-temperature reactors, electrical feedthroughs sometimes have to withstand extremely high pressures, temperatures and / or radiation, especially over service lives of approximately 40 to 60 years. In Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), high pressures, temperatures and / or radiation also place special demands on electrical feedthroughs.

[0004] In electrical feedthroughs, additional insulating components can be arranged between the base body and the electrical conductor, particularly to provide an extended creepage distance. Such creepage extensions can ensure permanent insulation between the electrical conductor and the base body, even when, for example, adverse environmental conditions may lead to the accumulation of dirt or the formation of water films. However, conventional creepage extensions made of plastics lack resistance, particularly to aging and high temperatures.

[0005] DE102014218983 A1 also discloses the placement of an additional protective element made of glass or plastic adjacent to the glass holding the electrical conductor. However, such measures can only achieve a comparatively short creepage distance extension.

[0006] Another electrical feedthrough is known, for example, from DE 10 2008 000494 A1.

[0007] Against this background, it is an object of the invention to provide electrical feedthroughs which are suitable for continuous operation under difficult environmental conditions, in particular high pressures, high or low temperatures, corrosive media and / or radiation exposure, and which have an extended creepage distance compared to the known feedthroughs. Disclosure of the invention

[0008] An electrical feedthrough is proposed which comprises a base body with at least one through-opening, wherein at least one electrical conductor is arranged in the through-opening and is fixed in the through-opening via at least one insulator, wherein the insulator closes the through-opening and seals it against the electrical conductor and a wall of the through-opening.

[0009] Furthermore, it is provided that the insulator has at least one holding section that seals against and holds the at least one electrical conductor, and that the insulator has at least one creepage path extension that surrounds a part of the electrical conductor that projects beyond the holding section at a distance, wherein the at least one creepage path extension is designed as one piece with the at least one holding section or is connected to the at least one holding section in a materially bonded manner, in particular by glazing or gluing, and the base body at least partially surrounds the at least one creepage path extension. The base body touches the creepage path extension and thereby supports it.

[0010] The electrical feedthrough can comprise exactly one electrical conductor or can comprise several electrical conductors, for example three, four or five, in which case each electrical conductor is preferably guided in its own through-opening.

[0011] The insulator comprises a holding section that contacts and holds the electrical conductor, and at least one creepage distance extension. The at least one creepage distance extension preferably protrudes at least 5 mm, more preferably at least 10 mm, and most preferably at least 20 mm beyond the holding section where the insulator contacts the electrical conductor. Significantly larger creepage distances can also be realized, with the creepage distance extension preferably protruding at least 50 mm, more preferably at least 100 mm, or even at least 200 mm beyond the holding section. The creepage distance extension of the insulator surrounds the electrical conductor at a distance and thus does not touch it.

[0012] The creepage extension made of insulating material increases the creepage distance between the electrical conductor and the base body, thus increasing the operational reliability of the electrical feedthrough. If an inorganic material is selected, this creepage extension is particularly resistant to aging and can also be designed to be temperature-resistant. Alternatively, an organic material can also be selected for the minimum creepage extension. This simplifies manufacturing, allowing the creepage extension to be installed with minimal effort.

[0013] Between the creepage extension and the electrical conductor is a gap that defines a space into which a connector can be pushed onto the electrical conductor for electrical contact. With a cylindrical electrical conductor and a hollow cylindrical creepage extension, a cylindrical gap is formed. The size of the gap can be selected to ensure sufficient space for such a connector. For example, the gap size can be selected in the range of 3 mm to 5 mm.

[0014] The insulator with the holding section and at least one creepage distance extension can consist of a single component or be composed of several components.

[0015] If the insulator is designed as a single component, the insulator can be designed as a tube, for example. In this case, a holding section can be configured as a region of the tube with a reduced inner diameter. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the electrical conductor has an enlarged diameter in the region of the holding section. In this case, it is possible for a tubular insulator to have a constant inner diameter and only touch the electrical conductor where the latter has an enlarged diameter. Alternatively, the tubular insulator can have a reduced diameter in the region of the holding section, and the diameter of the electrical conductor can be constant in the region of the holding section or only widen to a lesser extent. The region of the tubular insulator that touches the electrical conductor represents the holding section.The parts of the tubular insulator that protrude beyond this holding section represent the creepage distance extensions.

[0016] In a multi-part design of the insulator, the holding section is preferably formed by a first component with a through-opening that contacts the electrical conductor. This first component can, for example, be designed as a disk that is arranged inside a tubular second component and connected to it. The parts of the second component that protrude beyond the disk then represent the creepage distance extensions. Alternatively, a disk-shaped first component can be combined with one or more tubular second components, wherein the disk-shaped first component is connected to the tubular second components at their respective mouths. The tubular second components then represent the creepage distance extensions.

[0017] If multiple components are used to form the insulator, these are preferably bonded to one another in a material-to-material ratio to ensure a permanent and tight connection between the individual components. If at least one of the components is made of glass or glass-ceramic, it is preferred that this component is vitrified to the other component through heat treatment. If both components are made of glass or glass-ceramic, they can also be fused to one another through heat treatment to form an intimate bond. If the creepage distance extension is made of an organic material that cannot be vitrified, bonding is preferred for a material-to-material ratio. In particular, a potting compound can be used for this purpose, which bonds the individual components that form the insulator through heat treatment.

[0018] The use of a tubular component for the creepage distance extension makes it easy to create comparatively large creepage distance extensions, which can even have lengths of significantly more than 20 mm.

[0019] The wall thickness of the creepage extension of the insulator is preferably selected such that it has sufficient mechanical stability while taking up as little space as possible. For high mechanical stability, it is preferred that the wall thickness of the creepage extension be at least 0.1 mm, more preferably at least 0.2 mm, particularly preferably at least 0.5 mm, very particularly preferably at least 1.0 mm, and most preferably at least 1.5 mm. To take up as little space as possible, it is preferred to select a wall thickness of less than 5 mm, particularly preferably less than 2.5 mm, and most preferably less than 2 mm.

[0020] The creepage extension can be cylindrical, particularly in the form of a circular cylinder. Other cross-sectional shapes are also conceivable. In one embodiment, the inner diameter of the creepage extension can be constant over its entire length. Alternatively, the inner diameter can vary. Conical designs of the creepage extensions are preferred, so that the interior of the creepage extension widens conically starting from the holding section of the insulator.

[0021] The diameter of the electrical conductor is selected primarily depending on the required current carrying capacity. For example, the diameter of the electrical conductor can be 6 mm.

[0022] The base body preferably has a feedthrough section with a first diameter, wherein the at least one holding section is located within the feedthrough section. Furthermore, the base body preferably has extension sections on one or both sides of the feedthrough section, which have a smaller second diameter and at least partially surround the creepage distance extension. Alternatively, the extension section can also be configured with the same diameter as the feedthrough section or even have a larger diameter.

[0023] Additional components can be arranged on the feedthrough section. For example, it is possible to arrange connecting means with which the electrical feedthrough can be connected to other components such as a housing or a mounting flange.

[0024] The base body preferably completely surrounds the at least one creepage path extension. For this purpose, in particular an extension section with corresponding dimensions can be provided, by means of which the base body is extended in the axial direction. It is preferred if the creepage path extension is in direct contact with the base body over its entire length, so that no gap exists between the base body and the creepage path extension. The base body can therefore advantageously protect the insulator from mechanical damage. The base body can also serve as a support, in particular for the creepage path extensions of the insulator, so that these can be designed with smaller wall thicknesses. It is preferably provided that the base body contacts the creepage path extension over its entire outer surface and thus supports it.Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the base body only partially surrounds the creepage distance extension, whereby extension sections can also be provided on the base body.

[0025] The creepage distance extension can be flush with the base body or an extension section of the base body. Alternatively, the base body can extend beyond the creepage distance extension. The resulting projection is preferably at least 1 mm, particularly preferably 2 mm, more preferably at least 5 mm, even more preferably 10 mm, and most preferably at least 20 mm. The length of the projection should preferably be less than 50 mm, particularly preferably 20 mm, more preferably 10 mm, even more preferably 5 mm, and most preferably not more than 2 mm.

[0026] In the area of ​​the overhang, the inner diameter of the through hole can be enlarged to create a step. The creepage distance extension should then preferably be flush with this step.

[0027] The inner diameter of the through-opening of the base body can be reduced in the region of the through-passage section compared to an inner diameter in an adjacent extension section. Preferably, a transition between such a through-passage section with a reduced diameter and an extension section with a larger diameter occurs continuously in a transition region.

[0028] Preferably, a first end and / or a second end of the electrical conductor are surrounded by one or more creepage distance extensions. This provides, among other things, contact protection. Furthermore, it is possible to design the creepage distance extension in such a way that it also partially or completely surrounds a plug pushed onto the electrical conductor. In this case, the feedthrough also protects a plug connection from environmental influences and, in particular, from mechanical damage.

[0029] The electrical feedthrough preferably comprises at least two insulators, which are separated from each other by a cavity and / or at least one separating element, and both seal against the same electrical conductor. In this way, an electrical conductor in a feedthrough opening is sealed multiple times, increasing the safety of the feedthrough because, in the event of a failure of one insulator, the at least one additional insulator can tightly close the feedthrough opening. For example, two insulators are used for each electrical conductor to form a so-called double feedthrough.

[0030] The separator can, for example, be ring-shaped or disc-shaped and completely or partially fill the space between the electrical conductor and an inner wall of the through-hole. Suitable materials for the separator include, in particular, ceramics and glass ceramics. An example of a suitable separator is a thin ceramic disc with an opening for the electrical conductor. The thickness of the ceramic disc can, for example, be less than 1 mm. Of course, thicker separators can also be used, especially if they are intended to fill a space between the two insulators.

[0031] Preferably, in the electrical feedthrough, the at least one through-opening is hermetically sealed by the at least one insulator.

[0032] Hermetic tightness is understood in particular to mean that, at a pressure difference of 1 bar, the helium leakage rate is preferably < 1·10 -7< mbar Is -1<, particularly preferably < 1·10 -8< mbar Is -1<, and most preferably < 1·10 -9< mbar Is -1<. The insulator is hermetically sealed both against the electrical conductor and against the inner wall of the through-hole.

[0033] In one variant of the invention, the material of the at least one creepage distance extension is preferably selected from an organic material, in particular a thermoplastic. An example of a suitable plastic is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0034] To bond the organic creepage extension to the holding section, an adhesive bond is preferably used, preferably using a potting compound. Suitable potting compounds include, in particular, silicone-based potting compounds.

[0035] If the at least one creepage distance extension is made of an organic material, it is preferably secured via a thread in addition to the potting material. For example, an external thread can be arranged on the creepage distance extension, and a corresponding internal thread can be arranged in the through-hole of the base body.

[0036] Preferably, the holding section and the creepage distance extension each consist of an inorganic insulating material, wherein the materials for the holding section and the creepage distance extension can be selected to be different or identical.

[0037] Preferably, the material of the holding section and / or the creepage distance extension is selected from a glass, a glass ceramic or a ceramic, or the inorganic insulation material comprises at least one glass, a glass ceramic or a ceramic.

[0038] If the insulator is composed of multiple components, the materials used are preferably selected such that the thermal expansion coefficients of the individual components are matched to one another. Preferably, with different material selections, the thermal expansion coefficient of the creepage distance extension deviates by less than 20%, preferably by less than 10%, from the thermal expansion coefficient of the at least one holding section.

[0039] Preferably, the insulator or a component of the insulator that constitutes or contains the holding section is obtained by sintering a glass compact or a ceramic compact. It is preferred that the compact be brought together with the component serving as a creepage path extension prior to a temperature treatment for sintering, so that a material bond with the creepage path extension is also obtained during sintering. For this purpose, the glass compact, together with the electrical conductor, can be inserted into a creepage path extension designed as a tube or arranged adjacent to one or more tubes serving as creepage path extensions.

[0040] The at least one creepage distance extension is preferably designed in the form of a glass tube. Suitable materials for the glass tube include, in particular, soda-lime glass and alkaline earth (barium) silicate glasses, which are available from SCHOTT AG under the glass numbers 8421 and 8061.

[0041] Soda-lime glass, available, for example, in the form of AR glass tubing from SCHOTT AG, is particularly suitable. Glass tubing with a wall thickness of 1.2 mm, for example, is suitable for use as a creepage distance extension for the insulator.

[0042] In addition to the creepage distance extension, the holding section of the insulator can also be designed in the form of a glass tube or made from a glass tube. For example, in a heat treatment step at a temperature above the glass transition temperature, part of the material of the glass tube can be shaped to form the holding section. In such a heat treatment step, molds can be used, which are then removed again after the heat treatment.

[0043] To achieve a particularly good seal between the metal parts, i.e., the base body and the at least one electrical conductor, and the at least one insulator, the feedthrough can be designed in the form of a pressure glazing. In this case, the thermal expansion coefficient of the base body is selected to be greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulator, so that after a temperature treatment, during which the insulator is glazed into the through-hole, the base body contracts more strongly than the insulator. This permanently exerts compressive forces on the insulator through the base body.

[0044] Accordingly, it is preferred that the thermal expansion coefficient of the base body be greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of the at least one insulator. Particularly preferably, in the case of pressure glazing, the thermal expansion coefficient of the base body is selected to be at least 20% greater than the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulator.

[0045] As an alternative to pressure glazing, it is also possible to adapt the thermal expansion coefficients of the base body and the insulator to each other, whereby a difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of less than 20% is preferred for adaptation and a difference of less than 10% is particularly preferred.

[0046] The forces generated by the pressure glazing also strengthen the insulator material, especially when choosing glass that is prestressed by the compressive forces. This increases mechanical stability both in the area of ​​the holding section and in the area of ​​at least one creepage distance extension. This is particularly advantageous when temperature fluctuations occur, as the prestressing prevents the occurrence of undesirable tensile stresses that could cause the glass to break. Furthermore, the improved mechanical stability offers advantages when connectors need to be mounted on or removed from the electrical conductor.

[0047] The material of the base body is preferably selected from a metal. The metal is particularly preferably steel.

[0048] Suitable materials for the at least one electrical conductor include metals, in particular nickel-iron alloys, cobalt-iron alloys, steels, in particular Kovar, aluminum, copper, or a combination of several of these materials. An example of a combination is a copper conductor arranged in a nickel-iron tube.

[0049] To increase the pressure on the creepage extension, particularly at the end facing away from the holding section, a closure sleeve can be arranged at each end of the creepage extension. This closure sleeve can be connected laterally to the end of the creepage extension and / or support the creepage extension from its inside. The closure sleeve exerts pressure on the creepage extension, so that it is subjected to pressure not only from the outside by the extension section of the base body, but also from the inside and / or from the side, and thus prestressed. The stability of the creepage extension, particularly when made of an inorganic material such as glass, glass ceramic, or ceramic, is thereby advantageously increased.

[0050] In particular, the same materials that are suitable for the base body can be selected as the material for the end sleeve.

[0051] Several of the electrical feedthroughs described herein, each comprising a base body, can be accommodated in a common feedthrough assembly. Such a feedthrough assembly comprises a base with a plurality of through-openings and an electrical feedthrough arranged therein.

[0052] The base can be part of an apparatus or a housing of an apparatus.

[0053] Alternatively or additionally, a feedthrough arrangement can comprise several feedthroughs that share a common base body. This common base body then includes a through opening for each of the feedthroughs.

[0054] The invention further relates to the use of an electrical feedthrough or an arrangement with a plurality of these feedthroughs, in particular as described above, in an application with pressures of at least 5 bar, preferably of at least 10 bar, particularly preferably of at least 20 bar and / or in an application with temperatures of at least -273 °C, preferably of at least 300 °C, particularly preferably of at least 600 °C and / or in an application with a γ-radiation exposure of at least 1 kGy, preferably of at least 1 MGy, particularly preferably of at least 20 MGy, wherein the stated values ​​of the γ-radiation exposure are to be understood in particular over the entire operating life of the electrical feedthrough.

[0055] Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of an electrical feedthrough or an arrangement with several of these feedthroughs, in particular as described above, for facilities in the deep sea, such as in an oil and / or natural gas drilling or exploration device, and / or in chemically or radiation-contaminated environments, such as in the chemical industry or in energy plant and reactor technology, in particular in potentially explosive areas, in an energy generation or energy storage device with a housing, or in an encapsulation of an energy generation device or an energy storage device or a reactor or a storage device for toxic and / or harmful material, in particular as a feedthrough device within the containment of a reactor or feedthrough device through the containment of a reactor, in particular a chemical or nuclear reactor,or in a spacecraft or space exploration vehicle, or in a housing of a sensor and / or actuator, in or on manned and unmanned watercraft, for example diving robots and submarines as well as gas tanks, in particular CO 2 storage or H 2 tanks, preferably also for motor vehicles with fuel cells.

[0056] Finally, the invention relates to a method for producing an electrical feedthrough, in particular as described herein. In the method, a base body with at least one through-hole is provided. Subsequently, an insulator is provided together with an electrical conductor and inserted into the through-hole. Subsequently, a heat treatment is performed, during which the insulator is glazed or melted to an inner wall of the through-hole and to the electrical conductor.

[0057] During this heat treatment, or in a separate step, the insulator can be assembled from one or more pre-components, whereby the pre-components used bond together. To do this, they are heated above their glass overhang temperature—for conventional glasses, this temperature is above 800 °C—so that the materials of the pre-components blend and form a tight, bonded joint.

[0058] For example, an insulator can be obtained from a glass tube and a compact, the compact comprising glass and / or ceramic powder. During the heat treatment, the compact is sintered and bonded to the glass tube. This can involve exerting a force on the glass tube in the direction of the compact, causing it to partially sink into the compact, thus creating an enlarged area in which the materials of the compact and the glass tube mix. This results in a particularly intimate and stable bond.

[0059] InIn another example, in addition to the creepage distance extension, the holding section of the insulator can also be designed in the form of a glass tube or made from a glass tube. For example, in a temperature treatment step at a temperature above the glass transition temperature, part of the material of the glass tube can be shaped to form the holding section.

[0060] During the described temperature treatment steps for forming the insulator and / or for connecting the insulator to the base body, molding tools can be used, in particular. These can be used, in particular, to define the gap between the inner wall of the creepage path extension and the electrical conductor. After the temperature treatment, these molding tools are removed again. A conical design of the creepage path extension, in which the inner diameter widens starting from the holding section, can facilitate the removal of the molding tools. Furthermore, it is preferable to round a transition between a creepage path extension and the holding section of the insulator in order to avoid a sudden change in diameter.

[0061] When manufacturing a feedthrough with an insulator made entirely or partially of a glass-ceramic, the heat treatment may include a further step in which a ceramizable glass of the insulator or a component of the insulator is converted into a glass-ceramic. This further step may be performed at a different temperature than the glazing or melting step and / or the integral joining of several components of the insulator.

[0062] The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the figures and without limitation thereto.

[0063] They show: Fig. 1 : A first embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 2 : a second embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 3: a third embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 4 : a fourth embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 5 : a fifth embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 6 : a sixth embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 7 : a seventh embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 8 : an eighth embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 9 : a ninth embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 10 : a tenth embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 11: an eleventh embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 12 : a twelfth embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 13 : a thirteenth embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 14 : a 14th embodiment of the implementation in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 15 an embodiment of the bushing with one-sided arrangement of the creepage distance extension in a schematic sectional view from the side, Fig. 16 : a first example of a feedthrough arrangement comprising several electrical feedthroughs, and Fig. 17 : a second example of a feedthrough arrangement comprising several electrical feedthroughs.

[0064] Figure 1shows a first embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 10. The feedthrough 10 comprises a base body 12 with a through opening 13. In An electrical conductor 18 is inserted into the through hole 13. In the Figure 1 In the embodiment shown, the electrical conductor 18 is significantly shorter than the length of the base body 10, so that it is located completely inside the through opening 13.

[0065] The electrical conductor 18 is held in the through-opening 13 via an insulator 20, wherein the insulator 20 fixes the electrical conductor 18 in the feedthrough 10 and electrically insulates it from the base body 12. For this purpose, the insulator 20 has a holding section 22, which is arranged within a feedthrough section 14 of the base body 12 and seals against the electrical conductor 18. The insulator 20 further comprises a creepage distance extension 26, which is tubular and surrounds the electrical conductor 18 but does not touch it, so that a distance exists between the electrical conductor 18 and the creepage distance extension 26.The creepage distance extension 26 protrudes beyond the ends of the electrical conductor 18 and is in turn surrounded over its entire length by extension sections 16 of the base body 12. In the example shown, the extension sections 16 are not flush with the creepage distance extension 26, but rather protrude beyond it. In the area of ​​the extension sections 16, which adjoin the feedthrough section 14 on both sides, the base body 12 has a second diameter that is reduced compared to a first diameter of the feedthrough section 14. The insulator 20 with the creepage distance extension 26 forms a hermetical seal against the inner wall of the through-opening 13, so that the through-opening 13 is closed by the insulator 20 and the electrical conductor 18.

[0066] In the Figure 1In the example shown, the creepage distance extension 26 is configured as a single glass tube, with the holding section 22 of the insulator 20 being formed by a sintered glass compact 24 that is integrally bonded to the glass tube. Accordingly, in this example, both the creepage distance extension 26 and the material forming the holding section 22 are inorganic. This allows for a particularly temperature- and aging-resistant design of the insulator 20.

[0067] In the illustrated embodiment, the electrical conductor 18 has an enlarged diameter in its center, where it is held by the glass compact 24. In other embodiments, the electrical conductor 18 can, for example, be designed with a constant diameter. Furthermore, the electrical conductor 18, as shown in Figure 1shown, near its ends connecting portions 19 of reduced diameter, which allow, for example, the engagement of a connector (not shown).

[0068] In the illustrated embodiment, the two ends of the electrical conductor 18 are located completely inside the base body 12, so that the connection sections 19 formed on the electrical conductor 18 and any plugs or connections with current conductors (not shown) connected to them are mechanically protected by the base body 12 of the bushing 10.

[0069] Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 10. The feedthrough 10 comprises, as already described with reference to the first embodiment of the Figure 1 described a base body 12 with a through opening 13 into which an electrical conductor 18 is inserted.

[0070] The electrical conductor 18 is held in the through-opening 13 via an insulator 20 and is electrically insulated from the base body 12 by the insulator. Similar to the first exemplary embodiment, the insulator 20 has a holding section 22 formed by a sintered glass compact 24. The glass compact 24 is arranged within a feedthrough section 14 of the base body 12 and seals off the electrical conductor 18. In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment, the glass compact 24 also hermetically seals off an inner wall of the through-opening 13, so that the through-opening is tightly closed by the glass compact 24 of the insulator 20.

[0071] The Figure 2The insulator 20 shown comprises two creepage distance extensions 26, 27 which are tubular and surround the electrical conductor 18 at a distance such that it is not touched. The creepage distance extensions 26, 27 protrude beyond the ends of the electrical conductor 18 and are in turn surrounded over their entire length by extension sections 16 of the base body 12, wherein the extension sections 16 in the example shown are not flush with the creepage distance extensions 26, 27, but rather protrude beyond them. In the area of ​​the extension sections 16, which adjoin the feedthrough section 14 on both sides, the base body 12 has a second diameter which is reduced compared to a first diameter of the feedthrough section 14. The creepage distance extensions 26, 27 also seal against the inner wall of the through-opening 13.

[0072] The two creepage distance extensions 26, 27 are each formed by a tube that is integrally connected to the glass compact 24. For this purpose, the mouths of the tubes each meet an end face of the disc-shaped glass compact 24 and are fused there.

[0073] Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 10. The feedthrough 10 comprises, as already described with reference to the first embodiment of the Figure 1 described a base body 12 with a through opening 13 into which an electrical conductor 18 is inserted.

[0074] The electrical conductor 18 is held in the through-opening 13 by an insulator 20, which electrically insulates it from the base body 12. The insulator 20 has a holding section 22 at which the insulator 20 contacts the electrical conductor 18 and seals it. The insulator 20 also seals off an inner wall of the through-opening 13, so that the latter is closed by the insulator 20.

[0075] In contrast to the examples of the Figures 1 and 2The insulator 20 of the third embodiment is formed in one piece and consists of a single tube made of an inorganic insulating material such as glass. The electrical conductor 18 has an enlarged diameter in the region of the holding section 22, so that the electrical conductor 18 only contacts the insulator 20 within this holding section 22. Alternatively, it would also be conceivable to reduce the inner diameter of the tubular insulator 20 within the holding section 22.

[0076] Figure 4shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 10. The feedthrough 10 is designed as a double feedthrough and comprises two insulators 20, 21, each of which is configured similarly to the first exemplary embodiment described with reference to Figure 1. The two insulators 20, 21 each surround the same electrical conductor 18 and are inserted together with the electrical conductor 18 into a through-opening 13 of a base body 12.

[0077] Each of the two insulators 20, 21 has a holding section 22 or 23, at which this insulator 20, 21 contacts the electrical conductor 18 and seals it off. Furthermore, each of the two insulators 20, 21 has a creepage extension 26, 27, each consisting of a tube made of an inorganic insulating material and protruding beyond the holding section 22, 23 on one side. The creepage extensions 26, 27 do not touch the electrical conductor 18, so that a gap remains between the electrical conductor and the tubular part of the insulator 20, 21. Furthermore, the creepage extensions 26, 27 are each surrounded by extension sections 16 of the base body 12, similar to embodiments 1 to 3.

[0078] In the embodiment of the Figure 4The holding sections 22, 23 are each formed by a disc-shaped glass compact 24, wherein the electrical conductor 19 is guided through openings in the glass compact 24, and wherein the tubes used to extend the creepage distance surround the glass compact 24. The glass compact 24 and the tube are each bonded to one another, for example, by melting or glazing.

[0079] Between the two insulators 20, 21 in the embodiment of the Figure 4 A cavity 32 is arranged so that the insulators 20, 21 do not touch each other. For a defined alignment of the two insulators 20, 21, two shoulders 34 are provided on the inner wall of the through-opening 13 in the example shown, against which a separating element 30, designed as a thin ceramic disc, and the insulators 20, 21 can rest.

[0080] Figure 5shows a fifth embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 10. The feedthrough 10 is designed as a double feedthrough like the fourth embodiment and comprises two insulators 20, 21, each of which is similar to the one with reference to Figure 2 described second embodiment. The two insulators 20, 21 each surround the same electrical conductor 18 and are inserted together with the electrical conductor 18 into a through-opening 13 of a base body 12.

[0081] The insulators 20, 21 each comprise a disc-shaped glass compact 24 serving as a holding section 22, 23, which contacts the electrical conductor 18 and seals against it. Furthermore, the glass compact 24 also seals against an inner wall of the through-opening 13. Each of the insulators 20, 21 comprises, as a creepage path extension 26, 27, a tube made of an inorganic insulating material, which is integrally bonded to the glass compact 24 at one end face, for example by melting or glazing. The creepage path extensions 26, 27 thus each protrude only beyond one side of the holding section 22, 23 and surround the electrical conductor 18 at a distance such that a gap is formed between the electrical conductor 18 and a creepage path extension 26, 27.

[0082] In the example of Figure 5The two insulators 20, 21 are separated from each other by two inserted disc-shaped separating elements 30. Alternatively, a single separating element 30 could also be used.

[0083] Figure 6 shows a sixth embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 10. The feedthrough 10 is designed as a double feedthrough like the fourth embodiment and comprises two insulators 20, 21, each of which is similar to the one with reference to Figure 3 described third embodiment. The two insulators 20, 21 each surround the same electrical conductor 18 and are inserted together with the electrical conductor 18 into a through-opening 13 of a base body 12.

[0084] The two insulators 20, 21 of the sixth embodiment are each tubular and contact the electrical conductor 18 only in one holding section 22, 23. The electrical conductor 18 is designed such that it has an enlarged diameter within the holding sections 22, 23. The tubular insulators 20 each seal against an inner wall of the through-opening 13 and, in the holding sections 22, 23, against the electrical conductor 18, so that the through-opening 13 is hermetically sealed.

[0085] In the sixth embodiment, an annular separating element 32 is arranged between the two insulators 20, 21, so that an annular cavity 30 is formed between the separating element 32 and the electrical conductor 18.

[0086] Figure 7 shows a seventh embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 10. The feedthrough 10 is like the one in Figure 6The sixth embodiment shown is designed as a double feedthrough and comprises two insulators 20, 21, each made of a tube. The two insulators 20, 21 each surround the same electrical conductor 18 and, together with the electrical conductor 18, are inserted into a through-opening 13 of a base body 12. For a defined alignment of the two insulators 20, 21, two shoulders 34 are provided on the inner wall of the through-opening 13 in the example shown, against which a separating element 30 designed as a thin ceramic disc and the insulators 20, 21 can be supported. In this embodiment, a cavity 32 remains between them.

[0087] The two insulators 20, 21 are each designed differently in this seventh embodiment, but both are made of a glass tube. Also shown in the illustration of the Figure 7It can be seen that the electrical conductor 18 is designed asymmetrically. In the region of the holding section 22 of the insulator 20, the outer diameter of the electrical conductor 18 is enlarged, whereas in the region of a further holding section 23 of another insulator 21, the outer diameter is not enlarged.

[0088] The first insulator 20 thus has a wall thickness in the holding section 22 that corresponds to the wall thickness of the first creepage extension 26. In the case of the further insulator 21, its wall thickness in the further holding section 23 is increased compared to the wall thickness of the second creepage extension 27.

[0089] The Figure 7The insulators 20, 21 shown are each made from glass tubing, which is heated in a temperature treatment step to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the glass used, allowing them to be shaped. The two insulators 20, 21 are shaped by applying external force to the glass tubes in the direction of the center of the feedthrough 10 and using molds arranged inside the glass tubes. In the case of insulator 20, the wall thickness of the glass tube is essentially maintained, with a portion of the glass flowing past the holding section 22 and solidifying behind it. In the case of the further insulator 21, glass material flows towards the further holding section 23, so that the wall thickness of the tube increases there. After cooling below the glass transition temperature, the mold used can be removed again.A conical design of the creepage distance extensions 26, 27, in which their inner diameter increases slightly outwards starting from the holding sections 22, 23, can facilitate the removal of the mold.

[0090] Figure 8 shows an eighth embodiment of the bushing 10, which is similar to the first embodiment of the Figure 1 as a feedthrough 10 with a single insulator 20 and a single holding section 22. In contrast to the first embodiment, the holding section 22 is not formed using a glass compact 24, see Figure 1 , but by forming a glass tube.

[0091] Similar to what was described with reference to the further insulator 21 of the seventh embodiment, the insulator 20 is obtained from a glass tube which is formed under the action of heat and force. For the forming process, for example, cylindrical hollow molds can be introduced into the through-opening 13 from both sides of the feedthrough 10. By heating the glass tube and applying forces to the glass tube in the direction of the center of the through-opening, glass material flows towards the holding section 22, so that the wall thickness of the tube increases there. After cooling below the glass transition temperature, the mold used can be removed again. A conical design of the creepage distance extensions 26, 27, in which their inner diameter increases slightly outwards starting from the holding section 22, can again facilitate the removal of the mold.

[0092] Figure 9shows a ninth embodiment of a bushing 10. The Figure 9 The bushing 10 shown is a double bushing, which is similar to the one with reference to Figure 7 described bushing 10. In contrast to this seventh embodiment, both insulators 20, 21 are identically designed and correspond in their construction to the further insulator 21 of the seventh embodiment.

[0093] The Figure 10 The tenth embodiment shown essentially corresponds to the one already described with reference to Figure 3 described implementation 10. The Figure 10 The bushing 10 shown has an insulator 20 in which both the holding section 22 and the creepage distance extension 26 were obtained from a glass tube.

[0094] To improve the protection of the insulator 20, in contrast to the third exemplary embodiment, an additional end region 42 is provided adjacent to one of the extension sections 16, which has a larger inner diameter than the adjacent extension section 16. This creates a step 40 at the transition between the extension section 16 and the end region 42, with the creepage distance extension 26, in this example, ending flush with the step 40 and thus flush with the end of the extension section 16.

[0095] In the Figure 10 In the example shown, the creepage distance extension 26 is also flush with the extension section 16 on the other side, whereby in the example the Figure 10no further end section adjoins this extension section 16. In further embodiments, however, the passage 10 could of course be designed symmetrically, so that end sections 42 adjoin each of the two extension sections 16.

[0096] The Figure 11 The eleventh embodiment shown essentially corresponds to the one already described with reference to Figure 3 described implementation 10. The Figure 11 The bushing 10 shown again has an insulator 20 in which both the holding section 22 and the creepage distance extension 26 were obtained from a glass tube.

[0097] To reinforce the insulator 20, in contrast to the third embodiment, an additional metallic end sleeve 36 is arranged, which consists, for example, of a nickel-iron alloy. Figure 10In the example shown, the end sleeve 36 engages from the inside into the tubular creepage extension 26 and touches the lateral end surface of the tubular creepage extension 26.

[0098] The end sleeve 36 exerts pressure on the glass of the creepage extension 26, so that it is subjected to pressure not only from the outside through the extension section 16 of the base body 12 in the radial direction, but also from the inside and / or from the side, particularly in the axial direction, and thus prestressed. This advantageously increases the stability of the creepage extension 26, particularly when constructed from an inorganic material such as glass, glass ceramic, or ceramic.

[0099] In the Figure 11 In the example shown, the creepage distance extension 26 is flush with the extension section 16 on the other side, whereby in the example the Figure 11no further end sleeve is provided at this end of the creepage path extension 26. In further embodiments, however, the bushing 10 could of course be designed symmetrically, with end sleeves 36 being arranged on each of the two extension sections 16.

[0100] Figures 12 and 13 each show embodiments in which the creepage distance extension 26, 27 is not made of an inorganic material, but consists of an organic material.

[0101] The Figure 12 The twelfth embodiment shown is similar to the second embodiment described with reference to Figure 2 and has, within the base body 12, an insulator 20 with a holding section 22 obtained from a glass pressed piece 24. The holding section 22 holds the electrical conductor 18 passed through it and seals the through-opening 13.

[0102] The insulator 20 also includes two creepage distance extensions 26, 27 made of an organic material such as a thermoplastic. These are designed, for example, in the form of PTFE tubes and are arranged adjacent to the holding section 22 and are integrally connected to it via a potting compound 28.

[0103] In order to further improve the hold of the creepage distance extensions 26, 27 within the extension sections 16 of the base body 12, the creepage distance extensions 26, 27 have an external thread 39 at their respective ends pointing away from the holding section 22, which engages in a corresponding internal thread 38 in the extension sections 16 of the base body 12.

[0104] In the Figure 12In the example shown, the creepage distance extensions 26, 27 do not end flush with the end of the extension sections 16, so that the extension sections 16 protrude beyond the creepage distance extensions 26, 27.

[0105] Figure 13 shows a thirteenth embodiment of an electrical feedthrough 10, which corresponds to the twelfth embodiment of the Figure 12 resembles, but in contrast, similar to the embodiment of the Figure 4 is designed as a double feedthrough.

[0106] Fig. 14 shows a 14th embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 10 in a schematic sectional view from the side, which corresponds to the eighth embodiment of the Figure 8The feedthrough 10 according to the 14th exemplary embodiment comprises a base body 12 with a through-opening 13. An electrical conductor 18 is inserted into the through-opening 13 and is held in a holding section 22 of a single insulator 20. The insulator 20 seals the through-opening 13 with its holding section. The holding section 22 can be obtained, for example, by forming a glass tube or using a glass pressed piece. If a glass tube is used as the starting material, this is formed under the influence of heat and force. To form a glass tube, for example, cylindrical hollow shapes can be inserted into the through-opening 13 from both sides of the feedthrough 10. By heating the glass tube and applying forces to the glass tube in the direction of the center of the through-opening, glass material flows in the direction of the holding section 22, so that the wall thickness of the tube increases there.Even with a glass compact as the starting material, cylindrical molds can be used on both sides, whereby the insulator 20 is obtained from the compact by the action of heat. After cooling below the glass transition temperature, the mold used can be removed again.

[0107] The creepage extensions 26, 27 of the insulator 20 are conical in design, so that their inner diameter increases slightly outwards from the holding section 22. This assists in the removal of the mold during production. In addition, it is provided to provide a transition between the creepage extensions 26, 27 and the holding section 22 of the insulator 20 with rounded portions 50. Furthermore, it is provided here, by way of example, to exert a prestress on the insulator 20 in the axial direction via a step 52 on the base body 12. This axial prestress is preferably exerted in addition to a compressive force acting in the radial direction and exerted on the insulator 20 by the base body 12. As an alternative to a step 52 in the base body, it would also be conceivable to exert a compressive force and thus a prestress via a closure sleeve 36, such as in Figure 11 shown, in the axial direction on the insulator 20.

[0108] In the Figure 14 It can also be seen that in the 14th embodiment, the extension sections 16 of the base body 12, which adjoin both sides of the lead-through section 14, have the same diameter as the lead-through section 14.

[0109] Fig. 15 shows an embodiment of the electrical feedthrough 10, in which a creepage path extension 26 is arranged only on one side, starting from the feedthrough section 14 of the base body 12, in a schematic sectional view from the side. Figure 15 The part of the conductor 18 located to the left of the holding section 22 is surrounded by the creepage distance extension 26 at a distance. Figure 15 The part of the conductor 18 to the right of the holding section 22, however, is exposed.

[0110] As in the previously described embodiments, the base body 12 of the bushing 10 has a through-opening 13 into which the conductor 18 is inserted and held by the holding section 22 of the insulator 20. The holding section 22 of the insulator 20 seals the through-opening 13.

[0111] In the embodiment of the Figure 15The diameter of the through-opening 13 is not constant over its entire length, but rather widens in a transition region 54, starting from a smaller diameter within the feedthrough section 14 to a larger diameter in the extension section 16. Since the base body 12 touches and supports the creepage distance extension 26 of the insulator 20, which is adjacent to the holding section 22, over its entire length, an outer diameter of the insulator 20 also increases accordingly. By means of this design with a variable inner diameter, a free space provided for establishing an electrical connection with the conductor 18 between the conductor 18 and the creepage distance extension 26 can be made as large as possible, and at the same time, a thickness of the insulator 20 in the holding section 22 can be reduced.

[0112] Figure 16shows an example of a feedthrough arrangement 100, which comprises several electrical feedthroughs 10. In the sectional view of the Figure 16 two bushings 10 are visible.

[0113] The feedthrough arrangement 100 comprises a base 110 with a plurality of through-openings 13, into each of which an electrical feedthrough 10 is inserted. In the example of Figure 16 The base 110 represents a common base body 12 of all feedthroughs 10. Alternatively, the feedthroughs can each have their own base body 12, which is then hermetically sealed to the base 110, for example by welding.

[0114] The base 110 serving as the base body 12 encloses the insulators 20 with their creepage distance extensions 26, 27 (compare Figures 1 to 6 ) so that the insulators 20 are protected from environmental influences and in particular from mechanical damage. In the example of the Figure 16 The creepage distance extension 26 and the holding section 22 are made of an inorganic material, for example a glass tube. The insulators 20 can thus be designed to be particularly temperature and aging resistant. In the example shown, the base 110 comprises Figure 16 also fastening means 112, which are designed here as a threaded hole, with which the base 110 can be fastened, for example, to a component of an apparatus or a housing.

[0115] An electrical current can be conducted from one side of the feedthrough arrangement 100 to the other side through the electrical feedthroughs 10. For this purpose, the electrical conductors 18 of the individual feedthroughs 10 can be contacted, for example, using plugs 150, to which conductors, for example in the form of cables (in Figure 16 not shown).

[0116] In the example of Figure 16 The through-openings 13 open on one side into a common cavity 130, which is formed by a recess in the base 110 and a holding plate 120 connected to the base 110. The holding plate 120 can be connected to the base 110 via fastening means 122, such as screws. If the electrical conductors 18 of the individual feedthroughs 10 are contacted via connectors 150 and cables (not shown), the cables can be passed through the cavity 130 and the holding plate 120. Cable glands 140 can then close off the cavity 130, so that it is protected from environmental influences such as moisture. The cavity 130 can be vented, for example, via a closable vent opening 132.

[0117] Figure 17 shows a second example of a feedthrough arrangement 100, which is similar to the first example of Figure 16In contrast to the first example, the individual bushings 10 are designed according to the Figure 12 described twelfth embodiment. Accordingly, the insulators 20 each have a holding section 22, which is obtained from a glass pressed piece 24 and thus consists of an inorganic material. The creepage distance extensions 26, 27, compare Figure 12 , in contrast, are made of an organic material, for example, a PTFE tube. These are firmly bonded to the holding section 22 via the potting compound 28. Furthermore, the creepage distance extensions 26, 27 are additionally mechanically secured via external threads 39 arranged at their ends, which engage with corresponding internal threads 38 of the through-holes 13.

[0118] The claims are not limited to the embodiments described herein. In particular, numerous modifications are possible in which individual features of the embodiments described herein are combined with one another. List of reference symbols

[0119] 10 Feedthrough 12 Base body 13 Through-opening 14 Feedthrough section 16 Extension section 18 Electrical conductor 19 Connection section 20 Insulator 21 Further insulator 22 Holding section 23 Further holding section 24 Pressing 25 Further pressing 26 Creepage distance extension 27 Further creepage distance extension 28 Potting compound 30 Separating element 32 Cavity 34 Shoulder 36 End sleeve 38 Internal thread 39 External thread 40 Step 42 End section 50Rounding 52Step 54Transition area 100Feedthrough arrangement 110Base 112Fasteners 120Retaining plate 122Fasteners 130Cavity 132Vent opening 140Cable gland 150Connector

Claims

1. Electrical lead-through (10) comprising a main body (12) having at least one through-opening (13), wherein at least one electrical conductor (18) is arranged in the through-opening (13) and is fixed in the through-opening (13) by at least one insulator (20), wherein the insulator (20) closes the through-opening (13) and seals with respect to the conductor (18) and a wall of the through-opening (13), characterized in that the insulator (20) has at least one holding portion (22) which seals with respect to the at least one electrical conductor (18) and holds same, and the insulator (20) has at least one leakage path extension (26, 27) which surrounds, at a distance, a part of the electrical conductor (18) projecting beyond the holding portion (22), wherein the at least one leakage path extension (26, 27) is formed in one piece with the at least one holding portion (22) or is connected in an integrally bonded manner, in particular by glass soldering or adhesive bonding, to the at least one holding portion (22), and the main body (12) at least partially surrounds the at least one leakage path extension (26, 27), wherein the main body (12) contacts the leakage path extension (26, 27).

2. Electrical lead-through (10) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the main body (12) has a lead-through portion (14) with a first diameter, wherein the at least one holding portion (22) is located within the lead-through portion (14), and extension portions (16) are arranged on one or both sides of the lead-through portion (14), which extension portions (16) have a smaller second diameter and at least partially surround the leakage path extension (26, 27).

3. Electrical lead-through (10) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the main body (12) completely surrounds the at least one leakage path extension (26, 27), wherein the main body (12) is flush with the at least one leakage path extension (26, 27) or projects beyond the at least one leakage path extension (26, 27).

4. Electrical lead-through (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a first end and / or a second end of the electrical conductor (18) are surrounded by one or more leakage path extensions (26, 27).

5. Electrical lead-through (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises at least two insulators (20) which are separated from each other by a cavity (32) and / or at least one separating element (30) and both seal with respect to the same electrical conductor (18).

6. Electrical lead-through (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one through-opening (13) is hermetically sealed by the at least one insulator (20).

7. Electrical lead-through (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the material of the at least one leakage path extension (26, 27) is selected from an inorganic material or from an organic material, in particular from a thermoplastic material.

8. Electrical lead-through (10) according to Claim 7, characterized in that the at least one leakage path extension (26, 27) made of an organic material is fixed to the main body (12) via a potting material and / or via a thread.

9. Electrical lead-through (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the holding portion (22) consists of an inorganic insulation material, wherein the materials for the holding portion (22) and the leakage path extension (26, 27) can be selected differently or identically.

10. Electrical lead-through (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the material of the holding portion (22) and / or the material of the leakage path extension (26, 27) is selected from a glass, a glass-ceramic or a ceramic, or in that the material of the leakage path extension (26, 27) comprises at least one glass, a glass-ceramic or a ceramic.

11. Electrical lead-through (10) according to Claim 9 or 10, characterized in that, with different material selection, a thermal expansion coefficient of the leakage path extension (26, 27) deviates by less than 20%, preferably by less than 10%, from the thermal expansion coefficient of the at least one holding portion (22).

12. Electrical lead-through (10) according to one of Claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the at least one holding portion (22) is obtained by sintering a glass compact (24) or ceramic compact.

13. Electrical lead-through (10) according to one of Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the at least one leakage path extension (26, 27) is designed in the form of a glass tube.

14. Electrical lead-through (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a coefficient of thermal expansion of the main body (12) is greater than a coefficient of thermal expansion of the at least one insulator (20).

15. Electrical lead-through (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the material of the main body (12) is selected from a metal, in particular a steel.

16. Electrical lead-through (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the material of the at least one electrical conductor (18) is selected from a metal, in particular nickel-iron alloys, cobalt-iron alloys, a steel, in particular Kovar, aluminium, copper or a combination of these materials.

17. Lead-through assembly (100) comprising a base (110) having one or more through-openings (13) and in each case an electrical lead-through (10) arranged therein according to one of Claims 1 to 16.

18. Use of an electrical lead-through (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 16 or a lead-through assembly (100) according to Claim 17 in an application with pressures of at least 5 bar, preferably of at least 10 bar, particularly preferably of at least 20 bar and / or in an application with temperatures of at least -273°C, preferably of at least 300°C, particularly preferably of at least 600°C and / or in an application with γ-radiation exposure of at least 1 kGy, preferably of at least 1 MGy, particularly preferably of at least 20 MGy.

19. Use of an electrical lead-through (10) according to one of Claims 1 to 16 or a lead-through assembly (100) according to Claim 17 for installations in the deep sea, such as in an oil and / or gas drilling or exploration device, and / or in chemically or radiation contaminated environments, such as in the chemical industry or in energy plant and reactor technology, in particular in potentially explosive areas, in an energy generation or energy storage device with a housing, or in an encapsulation of an energy generation device or an energy storage device or a reactor or a storage device of toxic and / or harmful matter, in particular as a lead-through device within the containment of a reactor or lead-through device through the containment of a reactor, in particular a chemical or nuclear reactor, or in a space vehicle or space exploration vehicle, or in a housing of a sensor and / or actuator, in or on manned and unmanned water vehicles, for example diving robots and submarines as well as gas tanks, in particular CO2 storage tanks or H2 tanks, preferably also for motor vehicles having fuel cells.

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