Battery temperature control system and motor vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a temperature control system for controlling the temperature of a traction battery in a motor vehicle with a heat transfer medium in a temperature control circuit, comprising - a battery housing which forms an enclosed interior with at least one receiving position for a battery cell, wherein a lower region of the battery housing is designed to receive the heat transfer medium, - a heat exchanger which is designed to dissipate heat from the heat transfer medium to the environment surrounding the heat exchanger, - a collection vessel for receiving the heat transfer medium, - a pump for conveying the heat transfer medium, and - an equalisation volume which is fluidically connected to an upper region of the collection vessel.

Description

[0001] BATTERY TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM AND MOTOR VEHICLE

[0002] The invention relates to a temperature control system and a motor vehicle.

[0003] Various types of high-performance batteries are known from the state of the art. In such high-performance batteries, such as those used as traction batteries in electric vehicles, high power is generated during charging and discharging. Such high-performance batteries can currently be operated with voltages of up to several hundred volts or even up to 1000 volts. Furthermore, charging and discharging currents of several hundred amperes up to 1000 amperes are currently possible. Higher voltages and / or currents are also possible in future developments.

[0004] In high-performance batteries, the high charging and discharging currents cause thermal losses, which lead to the high-performance batteries heating up. To protect the batteries from thermal damage and to achieve high efficiency, it is important to keep the high-performance batteries within a desired temperature range. To avoid exceeding the temperature range, heat must be dissipated from the batteries. This is all the more important the larger the currents and the associated greater thermal losses, so that the batteries remain in the desired temperature range even at such high currents. Current battery cells using lithium-ion technology work best in a narrow temperature range with great temperature homogeneity and little temperature fluctuation within and between the battery cells.Under such conditions, safe operation of the high-performance batteries and a long service life with consistent performance can be achieved.

[0005] In order to ensure these conditions and to avoid exceeding the temperature range, battery cells of current high-performance batteries are cooled at least in phases during operation, i.e. during charging and / or discharging. Various types of cooling are currently used for this. For example, liquid cooling can be achieved using a heat exchanger through which a liquid heat transfer medium flows. The heat exchanger is usually arranged beneath the battery cells and is connected to the battery cells in a thermally conductive manner via contact heat transfer. The heat capacity of the liquid heat transfer medium is used to absorb the heat given off by the battery cells or the respective battery as a whole via a temperature difference and to release it either directly to the environment or via an air conditioning circuit.For example, electrically conductive water or an electrically conductive water-glycol mixture is used as the heat transport medium, which is why a reliable separation of the heat transport medium from the battery cells is necessary.

[0006] A similar cooling effect can also be achieved using air as the heat transfer medium. Since air, unlike water, is not electrically conductive, the battery cells can be in direct contact with the heat transfer medium and, for example, have it flow around them. A heat exchanger is therefore not absolutely necessary. Currently available systems actively circulate the heat transfer medium to dissipate the released heat by convection. With active circulation, the heat transfer medium is actively circulated to dissipate the heat from the battery cells.

[0007] As a further development of liquid cooling with a heat exchanger in contact with the battery cells, the liquid heat transfer medium can be evaporated by the heat absorption from the heat exchanger, which leads to higher heat transfer rates and, due to the enthalpy of vaporization, a high heat absorption per mass of the heat transfer medium. After condensation, the heat transfer medium can be fed back into the heat exchanger in a liquid state.

[0008] Cooling systems using a liquid heat transport medium are also being developed in some cases, for example in industrial applications for high-voltage traction batteries, which do not require a heat exchanger in contact with the battery cells. Similar to the use of air as a heat transport medium, cooling is achieved by the liquid heat transport medium flowing directly around the components to be cooled. An important property of the liquid heat transport medium is therefore its dielectricity, as the heat transport medium is in direct contact with the battery cells, i.e. with electrically conductive and potential-carrying components. In addition, the vaporization enthalpy of the dielectric, liquid heat transport medium and the associated high heat transfer can also be used if the heat transport medium evaporates due to the heat input from the battery cells to be cooled during the heat transfer.Such cooling is referred to as two-phase immersion cooling. If there is no at least partial phase change of the heat transfer medium in the cooling circuit, it can also be referred to as single-phase immersion cooling. The object of the invention is to provide an improvement or alternative to the prior art.

[0009] According to a first aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a temperature control system for controlling the temperature of a traction battery of a motor vehicle with a heat transfer medium in a temperature control circuit, comprising

[0010] - a battery housing which forms an enclosed interior space with at least one receiving position for a battery cell, wherein a lower region of the battery housing is designed to receive the heat transfer medium,

[0011] - a heat exchanger which is designed to transfer heat from the heat transfer medium to the environment surrounding the heat exchanger,

[0012] - a collecting tank for the heat transfer medium,

[0013] - a pump for conveying the heat transfer medium, and

[0014] - a compensation volume which is fluidly connected to an upper area of ​​the collecting container.

[0015] The following term is explained in this regard:

[0016] First of all, it should be expressly pointed out that in the context of this patent application, indefinite articles and numerical expressions such as "one", "two", etc. are generally to be understood as "at least" expressions, i.e. as "at least one...", "at least two...", etc., unless it is expressly clear from the respective context or it is obvious or technically necessary for the person skilled in the art that only "exactly one...", "exactly two...", etc. can be meant.

[0017] In the context of this patent application, the expression "in particular" should always be understood as introducing an optional, preferred feature. The expression should not be understood as "and indeed" or "namely".

[0018] A "temperature control system" is understood to mean a device through which fluid can flow, which is designed to temperature control, in particular to cool and / or heat, a traction battery of a motor vehicle with a heat transfer medium in at least one "temperature control circuit". The temperature control system can have a heat transfer medium.

[0019] The temperature control system essentially consists of a battery housing, a heat exchanger, and a pump. The temperature control system may include a collection tank. The temperature control system may include an equalization tank.

[0020] Preferably, the temperature control power required by a traction battery can be provided by means of a temperature control system and transported into and / or out of a battery housing by a designated heat transfer medium by changing its temperature in a temperature control circuit.

[0021] In a temperature circuit, the pump can be directly or indirectly fluid-connected to the battery housing. The pump can be arranged directly or indirectly in the flow direction of the heat transfer medium upstream or downstream of the fluid inlet of the battery housing. The battery housing can be directly or indirectly fluid-connected to the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger can be directly or indirectly fluid-connected to the collecting tank. The collecting tank can be directly or indirectly fluid-connected to the pump.

[0022] Individual components of the temperature control circuit can optionally be connected to each other by pipes. This allows the components of the temperature control circuit to be arranged at different positions within a motor vehicle.

[0023] Functionally connected components of the temperature control circuit can also be arranged directly adjacent to one another, so that individual, several or all lines can be dispensed with. The pump can be arranged adjacent to the battery housing and / or the collecting tank or can be part of a line between the battery housing and the collecting tank or can be part of the collecting tank or part of the battery housing. The heat exchanger can be arranged adjacent to the battery housing or can be part of the battery housing. The collecting tank can be arranged adjacent to the heat exchanger or can be part of the heat exchanger.

[0024] In particular, individual components of the temperature control circuit can be directly connected to one another in such a way that the temperature control circuit has a common, coherent structure, at least in some components, or the temperature control circuit is designed as an integral component, at least in some components. This allows the temperature control circuit to be arranged in a motor vehicle, at least in some components, in one piece. Furthermore, a temperature control circuit designed as an integral component, at least in some components, can be particularly easily installed in a motor vehicle, removed from a motor vehicle, and replaced in a motor vehicle.

[0025] A "heat transfer medium" is understood in particular to mean a fluid which can be used to transport heat and / or cold by means of a volume flow of the heat transfer medium, wherein the heat transfer medium can have different temperature states. In particular, the heat transfer medium can be a gaseous and / or liquid substance or a gaseous and / or liquid mixture of substances.

[0026] The heat transfer medium can expediently be designed as a "dielectric" heat transfer medium. A dielectric heat transfer medium is electrically non-conductive, so that it can act as an insulator between individual bodies around which a dielectric heat transfer medium flows. In particular, electrical insulation can be formed between individual battery cells if the dielectric heat transfer medium connects them to one another.

[0027] A "battery housing" is understood in particular to mean a structure which forms an enclosed interior space with at least one receiving position for a battery cell and which can have at least one battery cell.

[0028] The battery housing can have a "lower region". The lower region of the battery housing can also extend over the lower 10% of a height extension of the battery housing, wherein the height extension is understood to mean the absolute height extension from the lowest point of the battery housing to the highest point of the battery housing, preferably over the lower 20% of the height extension, again preferably over the lower 30% of the height extension, again preferably over the lower 40% of the height extension and particularly preferably over the lower 50% of the height extension.

[0029] The lower region of the battery housing can be designed to accommodate the liquid heat transfer medium located in the battery housing.

[0030] In the particularly preferred embodiment of a temperature control system designed for two-phase immersion cooling, the lower region of the battery housing can be designed to accommodate a liquid phase of the heat transfer medium. Preferably, a mixed phase and / or a gaseous phase of the heat transfer medium can be accommodated in a region above the lower region of the battery housing. In other words, an evaporation device can be arranged above the lower region of the battery housing.

[0031] The fluid inlet of the battery housing can be arranged in the lower area of ​​the battery housing.

[0032] The fluid drain of the battery housing can be arranged in the lower area of ​​the battery housing.

[0033] The battery housing may have an "upper region". The upper region of the battery housing may also extend over the upper 10% of the height of the battery housing, preferably over the upper 20% of the height, more preferably over the upper 30% of the height, more preferably over the upper 40% of the height, and most preferably over the upper 50% of the height.

[0034] The upper region of the battery housing can be designed to accommodate the gaseous heat transfer medium located in the battery housing.

[0035] The fluid drain of the battery housing can be arranged in the upper area of ​​the battery housing.

[0036] The fluid inlet of the battery housing can be arranged in the upper area of ​​the battery housing.

[0037] A "heat exchanger" is a device designed to transfer thermal energy from one material flow to another. Preferably, the material flows of a heat exchanger are spatially separated by a heat-permeable wall.

[0038] A "collecting container" can be understood as any container that is suitable for containing a fluid in an enclosed interior space. In particular, a collecting container can contain a liquid and / or gaseous fluid or fluid mixture. A collecting container can expediently contain a dielectric fluid and further expediently a dielectric heat transfer medium.

[0039] The collecting container can have a "lower region". The lower region of the collecting container can also extend over the lower 10% of the height of the collecting container, where the height extension is understood to be the absolute height extension from the lowest point of the collecting container to the highest point of the collecting container, preferably over the lower 20% of the height extension, again preferably over the lower 30% of the height extension, again preferably over the lower 40% of the height extension and particularly preferably over the lower 50% of the height extension. Furthermore, the lower region of the collecting container can extend over the lower 60% of the height extension, preferably over the lower 70% and particularly preferably over the lower 80% of the height extension of the

[0040] collection container.

[0041] The lower region of the collecting container can be designed to receive the liquid heat transfer medium located in the collecting container.

[0042] In the particularly preferred embodiment of a temperature control system designed for two-phase immersion cooling, the lower region of the collecting container can be designed to accommodate a liquid phase of the heat transfer medium. Preferably, a mixed phase and / or a gaseous phase of the heat transfer medium can be accommodated in a region above the lower region of the collecting container.

[0043] The fluid drain of the collection container can be arranged in the lower area of ​​the collection container.

[0044] The fluid inlet of the collecting tank can be arranged in the lower area of ​​the collecting tank.

[0045] The collection container may have an "upper region". The upper region of the collection container may also extend over the upper 5% of the height of the collection container, preferably over the upper 10% of the height, more preferably over the upper 15% of the height, and again preferably over the upper 20% of the height.

[0046] The upper region of the collecting tank can be designed to receive the gaseous heat transfer medium located in the collecting tank.

[0047] The fluid inlet of the collecting tank can be arranged in the upper area of ​​the collecting tank.

[0048] The fluid outlet of the collection container can be arranged in the upper area of ​​the collection container.

[0049] A “pump” can be understood as any type of pump designed to pump a fluid.

[0050] A "compensation volume" can be understood as any volume that is suitable for accommodating a fluid in an enclosed interior space. In particular, a

[0051] Compensation volume a liquid and / or gaseous fluid or

[0052] Accommodate a fluid mixture. A compensating volume can expediently accommodate a dielectric fluid and, further expediently, a dielectric heat transfer medium. Preferably, the compensating tank only accommodates a gaseous fluid.

[0053] The compensating volume can be directly or indirectly fluidically connected to the collecting container. Optionally, the compensating volume can be connected to the collecting container via a line. Furthermore, optionally, the compensating volume can be formed integrally with the collecting container, wherein a volume of the collecting container is at least partially separated from the compensating volume, preferably by a partial constriction or a diaphragm.

[0054] The compensation volume can be directly or indirectly fluidically connected to the heat exchanger. Optionally, the compensation volume can be fluidically connected to the heat exchanger via a line. Furthermore, optionally, the compensation volume can be formed integrally with the heat exchanger, wherein a volume of the heat exchanger is at least partially separated from the compensation volume, preferably by a partial constriction or a diaphragm.

[0055] The compensation volume can be structurally formed by a compensation tank. In particular, the compensation tank can be designed as a separate structure, in particular separate from the collecting tank.

[0056] The compensating volume can have a variable volume; in particular, the compensating volume can have an elastic wall in this context. Alternatively, the compensating volume can have a variable volume due to the adjustability of a rigid wall; in particular, a region of a wall of the compensating volume can be adjustable. The compensating volume can have a "lower region."The lower region of the compensation volume can also extend over the lower 10% of the height of the compensation volume, wherein the height of the compensation volume is understood to mean the absolute height from the lowest point of the compensation volume to the highest point of the compensation volume, preferably over the lower 20% of the height, again preferably over the lower 30% of the height, again preferably over the lower 40% of the height, and particularly preferably over the lower 50% of the height. Furthermore, the lower region of the compensation volume can extend over the lower 60% of the height, preferably over the lower 70%, and particularly preferably over the lower 80% of the height of the compensation volume.

[0057] The lower region of the compensation volume can be designed to accommodate the liquid and / or gaseous heat transfer medium located in the compensation volume.

[0058] The fluid outlet of the compensation volume can be arranged in the lower area of ​​the compensation volume.

[0059] The fluid inlet of the compensation volume can be arranged in the lower area of ​​the compensation volume.

[0060] The compensation volume can have an "upper region". The upper region of the compensation volume can also extend over the upper 5% of the height of the compensation volume, preferably over the upper 10% of the height, more preferably over the upper 15% of the height and even more preferably over the upper 20% of the height. The upper region of the compensation volume can be designed to accommodate the liquid and / or gaseous heat transfer medium designated in the compensation volume.

[0061] The fluid inlet of the compensation volume can be arranged in the upper area of ​​the compensation volume.

[0062] The fluid outlet of the compensation volume can be arranged in the upper area of ​​the compensation volume.

[0063] The compensation volume can be arranged above the collection tank, so that the compensation volume, when used in the motor vehicle, has a higher geodetic height than the collection tank. In particular, the compensation volume can be arranged such that it can have the highest geodetic height in the temperature control system.

[0064] A fluid conveying device can be arranged between the compensation volume and the collecting container, wherein the fluid conveying device is designed to convey a fluid.

[0065] Here, a temperature control system, in particular a temperature control system for controlling the temperature of a traction battery of a motor vehicle, is proposed, which has a compensation volume.

[0066] Thus, according to a first variant, a temperature control system with single-phase immersion cooling can be implemented. In particular, a temperature control system can be implemented in which a designated heat transfer medium is brought into direct contact with a designated battery cell within the battery housing. For this purpose, the designated heat transfer medium flows directly around the at least one battery cell arranged in a designated manner in the battery housing, so that the at least one designated battery cell is directly connected to the designated heat transfer medium in a thermally conductive manner. This makes it possible to achieve improved heat transfer from the at least one designated battery cell to the designated heat transfer medium or from the designated heat transfer medium to the at least one designated battery cell.

[0067] In single-phase immersion cooling, the heat capacity of the designated heat transfer medium is used to dissipate or provide the heat released or absorbed by a designated battery cell within the battery housing during designated use of the temperature control system via a temperature difference in the heat transfer medium through active circulation of the heat transfer medium in the temperature control circuit. The designated heat transfer medium can undergo a designated temperature cycle within the temperature control system.

[0068] The temperature control system can be configured to vary the temperature control performance advantageous for the designated battery cell, in particular by varying the designated heat transfer medium volume flow.

[0069] The designated heat transfer medium can advantageously release the heat previously absorbed by increasing the temperature during designated use to the environment and / or another fluid circuit that is in operative connection with the heat exchanger through the heat exchanger in the temperature control circuit, so that the designated heat transfer medium cools down again and re-enters the battery housing at a lower temperature.

[0070] According to a further variant, a temperature control system with two-phase immersion cooling is feasible. With two-phase immersion cooling, the evaporation enthalpy of a designated heat transfer medium is used in particular to increase the temperature control performance. According to a further variant, a temperature control system with a system sealed from the environment is feasible. In a system sealed from the environment, no material exchange takes place between the environment and the temperature control system. This allows the emissions of the temperature control system to be reduced or completely avoided.

[0071] According to a further variant, a temperature control system can be implemented with a system that is open to the environment. In a system that is open to the environment, a material exchange with the environment can take place. This allows the temperature range of the environment of the temperature control system in which the system can be used to be expanded, in particular, so that it can be used as efficiently as possible.

[0072] Preferably, the temperature control system is characterized by the following features: a three-way valve is arranged between the heat exchanger and the battery housing; the three-way valve is at least indirectly fluidically connected to the collecting container; the three-way valve is designed to provide a fluid connection between the battery housing and the heat exchanger and / or a fluid connection between the battery housing and the collecting container.

[0073] The following term is explained in this regard:

[0074] A "three-way valve" is a device that has three connections with which a flowing fluid can be directed. In particular, the three-way valve can be designed to be controllable, so that a fluid can be directed depending on the

[0075] Control of the three-way valve can be directed. The three-way valve can be connected directly or indirectly to the heat exchanger and / or the collecting tank. In particular, the three-way valve can be arranged adjacent to the battery housing and / or the heat exchanger and / or the collecting tank or can be part of a line between the battery housing and the heat exchanger and / or a line between the battery housing and the collecting tank. The three-way valve can be part of the battery housing and / or part of the heat exchanger and / or part of the collecting tank. In particular, the three-way valve can be designed as an integral component together with the battery housing and / or the heat exchanger and / or the collecting tank.

[0076] Electric vehicles are used in a variety of ambient temperature zones, including very cold regions. To ensure that a traction battery can be charged and / or discharged with high power density even in very cold ambient conditions of approximately -20 °C, and with as little impact as possible on its service life, it can be advantageous to be able to actively heat it.

[0077] Here, a temperature control system, in particular a temperature control system for controlling the temperature of a traction battery of a motor vehicle, is proposed, which has a three-way valve.

[0078] Thus, a temperature control system, in particular a temperature control system for a traction battery, can be implemented with improved cold start capability.

[0079] The three-way valve can fluidly connect the outlet of the battery housing with the heat exchanger in the designated flow direction of the designated heat transfer medium and / or fluidly connect the battery housing with the collecting tank. If the three-way valve fluidly connects the battery housing with the collecting tank, the three-way valve can guide the designated heat transfer medium past the heat exchanger so that the heat transfer medium does not flow through the heat exchanger. In other words, the designated heat transfer medium can be guided by the pump from the collecting tank to the battery housing and from there via the three-way valve back into the collecting tank. Since the designated heat transfer medium is not guided through the heat exchanger, it does not give off any heat there. In other words, the at least one designated battery cell is no longer actively cooled by the temperature control circuit.This allows at least one designated battery cell to be brought more quickly to a temperature state where high power density can be provided. This can improve the cold-start capability of the battery system.

[0080] The three-way valve can fluidically connect the battery housing with the heat exchanger and the collecting tank, so that part of the designated heat transfer medium volume flow can be guided first through the heat exchanger and then into the collecting tank, and a complementary part of the heat transfer medium volume flow can be guided past the heat exchanger into the collecting tank. In other words, this makes it possible to set an intermediate state between the fluid connection between the battery housing and the heat exchanger and the fluid connection between the battery housing and the collecting tank. This allows the temperature control performance of the temperature control system to be adjusted in even finer increments. This can be advantageously used, in particular, during the transition from the phase utilizing the cold start capability to the control operation of the temperature control system.

[0081] Particularly advantageously, the battery housing has an evaporation device for evaporating the heat transfer medium, and the heat exchanger is designed as a condenser. The following terms are used to explain this:

[0082] An "evaporation device" is understood to be a device in which a material flow can be evaporated while absorbing heat. The material flow is advantageously designed as a volume flow of a designated heat transfer medium.

[0083] Further advantageously, the heat from the at least one designated battery cell of a designated traction battery is transferred to a designated liquid heat transfer medium using an evaporation device, so that the designated heat transfer medium can evaporate while absorbing this heat.

[0084] In other words, in an evaporation device, heat is absorbed from the at least one designated battery cell in a designated heat transfer medium.

[0085] A "condenser" is understood to be a design of a heat exchanger in which a material flow can be liquefied while releasing heat. The material flow is advantageously designed as a volume flow of a designated heat transfer medium.

[0086] Further advantageously, a condenser transfers the heat in a designated gaseous heat transfer medium to a fluid circuit that interacts with the condenser. The fluid circuit that interacts with the condenser can be configured as the environment and / or another air conditioning circuit.

[0087] In other words, heat is released from a designated heat transfer medium in a condenser, allowing the designated heat transfer medium to liquefy. This proposes a temperature control system, in particular a temperature control system for controlling the temperature of a traction battery of a motor vehicle, which comprises an evaporator and a condenser.

[0088] Thus, a temperature control system, in particular a temperature control system for a traction battery, can be implemented with two-phase immersion cooling. This allows a particularly high power density of at least one designated battery cell to be achieved.

[0089] A designated heat transfer medium can be pumped into the battery housing in the liquid state by the pump, where it can be at least partially evaporated in the evaporation device of the battery housing, absorbing the heat from the at least one designated battery cell. This also allows the evaporation enthalpy of the designated heat transfer medium to be used to dissipate a larger amount of heat from the at least one designated battery cell compared to single-phase immersion cooling. Furthermore, improved heat transfer can be achieved through the direct contact between the at least one designated battery cell and the designated heat transfer medium.

[0090] The pump can additionally provide a designated heat transfer medium volume flow rate, by means of which a constant heat dissipation of the heat of the at least one designated battery cell can be achieved. This makes it possible to achieve a temporally and spatially homogeneous temperature distribution of the at least one designated battery cell. This makes it possible to achieve optimal temperature control of the at least one designated battery cell. In particular, this makes it possible to achieve a temporally and spatially homogeneous temperature distribution of the at least one designated traction battery. This makes it possible to achieve optimal operation with maximum power density of the at least one designated traction battery. After emerging from the battery housing, the gaseous designated heat transfer medium can be liquefied again in a condenser, giving off heat. After liquefaction, it can be pumped back into the collecting container by the pump.From there it can be conveyed back into the battery housing to dissipate the heat of at least one designated battery cell through evaporation.

[0091] Tests have shown that an advantageous temperature distribution with simultaneous temperature control efficiency can be achieved with a wet steam proportion of less than or equal to 75%, preferably less than or equal to 60%, preferably less than or equal to 53% and particularly preferably less than or equal to 50%. Furthermore, an advantageous temperature distribution with simultaneous temperature control efficiency can be achieved with a wet steam proportion of less than or equal to 45%, preferably less than or equal to 40% and particularly preferably less than or equal to 35%. In particular, it has been shown that a wet steam proportion of less than or equal to 50% can contribute to particularly homogeneous temperature control of the battery cell. In other words, any inhomogeneity in the temperature control of the at least one battery cell can be reduced or avoided by the wet steam proportion proposed here.

[0092] Tests have also shown that an advantageous temperature distribution with simultaneous temperature control efficiency is achieved with a wet steam proportion of greater than or equal to 1%, preferably greater than or equal to 10%, more preferably greater than or equal to 20% and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 35%. Furthermore, an advantageous temperature distribution with simultaneous temperature control efficiency is achieved with a wet steam proportion of greater than or equal to 45%, preferably greater than or equal to 50% and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 53%. The wet steam proportion can be calculated using a heat balance, in particular a heat balance around the battery housing. A heat loss input from this designated battery cell can be calculated from a current flowing through a designated battery cell accommodated in the battery housing and a temperature of this designated battery cell.From a heat balance, together with a designated heat transfer medium volume flow, the wet steam fraction of a designated heat transfer medium can be determined, in particular the wet steam fraction at the fluid outlet of the battery housing. The designated heat transfer medium volume flow can be generated and adjusted with the pump, in particular by changing a pump control variable. The wet steam fraction can be adjusted by the pump, in particular the wet steam fraction at the fluid outlet of the battery housing, in particular by varying the heat transfer medium volume flow, in particular by changing a pump control variable. This calculation of the wet steam fraction can be transferred to a traction battery having a large number of battery cells.

[0093] Since the thermal energy of the liquid portion of the heat transfer medium that can be absorbed by a temperature change is small compared to the thermal energy that can be absorbed by evaporation of the heat transfer medium, the wet vapor portion can be determined, in particular with a good approximation, without determining a temperature of the liquid heat transfer medium, in particular a temperature of the liquid heat transfer medium at the fluid inlet of the battery housing, in particular the wet vapor portion at the fluid outlet of the battery housing. A temperature sensor, in particular a temperature sensor at the fluid inlet of the battery housing, can increase the accuracy of determining the wet vapor portion of the designated heat transfer medium.In particular, the wet vapor fraction in the two-phase range can be determined from a pressure of the designated heat transfer medium, in particular the pressure of the designated heat transfer medium at the fluid inlet of the battery housing, and a current that flows through a designated battery cell accommodated in the battery housing. At a constant temperature of the designated heat transfer medium in the two-phase range, the specific heat capacity of the designated heat transfer medium depends on the pressure of the designated heat transfer medium. Together with the heat transfer medium volume flow, the amount of heat absorbed can thus be determined. On the basis of test data with the specific heat transfer medium, in particular test data taking into account the proportion of heat transfer medium in the fluid or the foreign component alongside the heat transfer medium, the specific heat capacity of the fluid and from this the wet vapor fraction of the fluid can be determined.

[0094] Optionally, the pump is a diaphragm pump, in particular a diaphragm pump which is designed to change the pumping direction.

[0095] The following term is explained in this regard:

[0096] A "diaphragm pump" is understood to be a device comprising a movable diaphragm for conveying liquids and / or gases, which is particularly insensitive to continuous stress and impurities in the conveyed material and is therefore particularly robust. In particular, the diaphragm pump can convey two-phase flows, i.e. a mixture of liquid and gaseous phases.

[0097] A further advantage of the diaphragm pump is that it can be designed to be reversible. In other words, the diaphragm pump can be designed to pump fluid in two flow directions, particularly two opposite flow directions.

[0098] Thus, a temperature control system, in particular a temperature control system for a traction battery, with a two-phase immersion cooling with an improved cold start capability can be implemented.

[0099] A reversible diaphragm pump capable of conveying two-phase flows can, depending on the selected flow direction, convey a designated heat transfer medium from the lower area of ​​the battery housing and / or the upper area of ​​the battery housing. In other words, a designated fluid volume flow, in particular a designated heat transfer medium volume flow, can be conveyed in both directions of the temperature control circuit.

[0100] This allows a heating effect on the at least one designated battery cell to be achieved by vapor condensation within the battery housing. This allows a favorable temperature for the operation of the at least one designated battery cell with optimal power density and / or a homogeneous temperature distribution within the battery housing to be achieved more quickly.

[0101] Alternatively, the temperature control system may comprise a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve. The second three-way valve may be arranged between the pump and the battery housing. The second three-way valve may be fluidly connected to the pump with its first port, to the battery housing with its second port, and to the collection container with its third port. The first three-way valve may be fluidly connected to the battery housing with its first port, to the heat exchanger with its second port, and to the pump with its third port.

[0102] The first three-way valve and the second three-way valve can be designed to be controllable and / or regulated in such a way that the heat transfer medium can be conveyed by the pump via the first three-way valve into the battery housing, in particular through the fluid outlet of the battery housing into the battery housing. From the battery housing, the heat transfer medium can be conveyed back into the collecting container through the second three-way valve. In other words, the conveying direction of the heat transfer medium through the battery housing can be reversed, in particular using a conventional pump. In this way, a heating function can be achieved for at least one battery cell specifically accommodated in the battery housing.

[0103] Alternatively, the temperature control system can have a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve. The first three-way valve can be fluidly connected to the battery housing with its first connection, to the heat exchanger with its second connection and to the third connection of the second three-way valve with its third connection. The second three-way valve can be arranged between the heat exchanger and the collecting tank. The second three-way valve can be fluidly connected to the heat exchanger with its first connection, to the collecting tank with its second connection and to the third connection of the first three-way valve with its third connection. The arrangement of the first and second three-way valve proposed here makes it possible for the designated heat transfer medium to optionally flow around the condenser.The first three-way valve and the second three-way valve can be combined in a multi-way valve, in particular a five-way valve, so that they form a structural unit. A structural unit of a plurality of three-way valves in the form of a multi-way valve, in particular a five-way valve, can also advantageously be transferred to a different arrangement and a different number of three-way valves.

[0104] The temperature control system can have a third three-way valve and a fourth three-way valve. The temperature control system can have a first connecting element and / or a second connecting element. The third three-way valve and / or the fourth three-way valve can be arranged between the pump and the collecting container. The third three-way valve can be fluidly connected with its first connection to the second connection of the fourth three-way valve, with its second connection to the collecting container and with its third connection to the third connection of a second connecting element. The fourth three-way valve can be fluidly connected with its first connection to the third connection of a first connecting element, with its second connection to the first connection of the third three-way valve and with its third connection to the pump.

[0105] The first connecting element and / or the second connecting element can be designed as a three-way valve or as a T-piece or as another connecting element with three connections. The first connecting element and / or the second connecting element can be arranged between the battery housing and the pump. The first connecting element can be fluidically connected to the battery housing with its first connection, to the first connection of the second connecting element with its second connection and to the first connection of the fourth three-way valve with its third connection. The second connecting element can be fluidically connected to the second connection of the first connecting element with its first connection, to the pump with its second connection and to the third connection of the third three-way valve with its third connection.

[0106] The third three-way valve and the fourth three-way valve can, in particular in operative connection with the first connecting element and the second connecting element, advantageously reverse the designated flow direction of the designated heat transfer medium in the temperature control system, wherein the delivery direction of the pump can remain the same.

[0107] The first three-way valve and / or the second three-way valve and / or the third three-way valve and / or the fourth three-way valve and / or the first connecting element and / or the second connecting element can be designed to be controllable and / or regulatable in such a way that the designated heat transfer medium, in particular the liquid designated heat transfer medium, can be pumped by the pump from the battery housing into the collecting container. As a result, gaseous designated heat transfer medium can be sucked from the collecting container, in particular gaseous heat transfer medium generated by a heating element in the collecting container, into the battery housing. In other words, the pumping direction of the designated heat transfer medium through the battery housing can be reversed, in particular using a conventional pump.The gaseous designated heat transfer medium thus conveyed into the battery housing can condense on at least one designated battery cell accommodated in the battery housing. This allows this designated battery cell to be heated, in particular heated particularly quickly. In particular, a heating function with pronounced phase heating can be achieved.

[0108] The third three-way valve and the fourth three-way valve can be combined in a multi-way valve, in particular a five-way valve, so that they form a structural unit. In this case, the multi-way valve has a fluid connection to the collecting container and a fluid connection to the pump, in particular to a suction side of the pump. The first and / or the second connecting element can also be integrated into the above multi-way valve, whereby the multi-way valve has a fluid connection to the battery housing and / or a second fluid connection to the pump, in particular to a pressure side of the pump.

[0109] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the compensation volume is designed as a pressure compensation device with a variable volume.

[0110] The following term is explained in this regard:

[0111] A compensation volume designed as a "pressure compensation device" is understood to mean any compensation volume that is suitable for varying the pressure within the temperature control system by a change in volume.

[0112] For this purpose, the pressure compensation device can have a variable volume, in particular a passive variable volume. The variable volume can be set so that it increases when the pressure within the temperature control system is greater than the pressure in the environment of the temperature control system and decreases when the pressure within the temperature control system is lower than the pressure in the environment of the temperature control system. The variable volume can vary its size such that a minimum pressure within the temperature control system cannot be undercut and a maximum pressure within the temperature control system cannot be exceeded.

[0113] The variable volume can be designed as a membrane, which can have at least one surface that can be directly connected to the environment and through which the volume of the pressure compensation device can be varied. Alternatively, the variable volume can be designed in the shape of a balloon.

[0114] This makes it possible to create a temperature control system that reacts to pressure differences in the environment of the temperature control system with a change in the volume of the pressure compensation device and is simultaneously closed to the environment.

[0115] In a system sealed from the environment, no exchange of substances can occur between the environment and the temperature control system. This allows emissions from the temperature control system to the environment to be reduced or completely eliminated.

[0116] Furthermore, in a system sealed off from the environment, the material compositions within the temperature control system, in particular those of a designated heat transfer medium, can be kept constant, in particular at least partially constant. In particular, the entry of non-condensable substances and / or material mixtures into the temperature control system and the temperature control circuit can be at least partially prevented, in particular completely prevented. As a result, the temperature control performance of the temperature control system can be kept largely constant even over long periods of time, in particular kept constant, in particular regardless of the ambient conditions.

[0117] Furthermore, the pressure compensation device can regulate the pressure within the temperature control system through volume changes such that a sufficiently high temperature control performance and / or particularly efficient temperature control can be achieved even at particularly low and / or particularly high temperatures. Thus, at low temperatures, the volume within the temperature control system can be reduced by the variable volume of the pressure compensation device such that the pressure within the temperature control system drops only sufficiently to ensure sufficient temperature control performance and / or particularly efficient temperature control.Furthermore, the volume within the temperature control system can be increased at high temperatures by the variable volume of the pressure compensation device in such a way that the pressure within the temperature control system increases only to such an extent that individual components of the temperature control system cannot experience critical loads.

[0118] Optionally, the pressure compensation device has a defined maximum volume.

[0119] The following term is explained in this regard:

[0120] A "maximum volume" of a pressure compensation device is understood to be an upper limit for the variable volume of the pressure compensation device.

[0121] A maximum volume can be configured by a rigid, non-variable volume surrounding the variable volume of the pressure compensation device. In other words, a maximum volume can have an interior space in which the variable volume can be accommodated and limited. Such a rigid volume surrounding the variable volume can be a hollow cylinder or a hollow cuboid or the like, which has an interior space in which the variable volume can be accommodated.

[0122] A maximum volume can prevent the variable volume of the pressure compensation device from expanding too much. This can be particularly advantageous if the variable volume could come into unwanted contact with other components of a motor vehicle in which the temperature control system may be installed if it expands too much. This allows the temperature control system to be installed in a motor vehicle with defined dimensions.

[0123] The temperature control system also optionally has a safety valve to prevent negative pressure in the temperature control circuit.

[0124] The following term is explained in this regard:

[0125] A "safety valve" is any valve that can equalize pressure in pressurized systems when a specified overpressure is exceeded and / or a specified underpressure is undershot. In particular, a safety valve can be designed to protect the pressurized system from damage by equalizing the pressure.

[0126] Temperature fluctuations can cause pressure changes in a temperature control system. This can affect the temperature control system's efficiency. In particular, the cooling efficiency can be negatively affected by low temperatures and the resulting lower pressure in the temperature control system.

[0127] The safety valve can open to the environment when negative pressure is present in the temperature control system, allowing a medium from the environment of the safety valve to enter the temperature control system and limiting the minimum pressure in the temperature control system. This protects individual components of the temperature control system from damage.

[0128] Because a medium from the environment can enter the system, it mixes with the heat transfer medium and can affect the temperature control performance. This can reduce the temperature control performance, especially if the medium from the environment is a non-condensable gas.

[0129] The arrangement of the compensation volume chosen in the system allows the non-condensable gas to collect in the compensation volume. Due to density differences between the heat transfer medium and the non-condensable gas, stratification can occur between the non-condensable gas and the heat transfer medium, in particular the gaseous phase of the heat transfer medium, so that the non-condensable gas can collect in the compensation volume, in particular if the compensation volume is arranged in such a way that it has the highest geodetic height in the temperature control system. In other words, the non-condensable gas can collect above the gaseous phase of the heat transfer medium because the density of the non-condensable gas is lower than the density of the gaseous phase of the heat transfer medium.

[0130] This can reduce the influence of the non-condensed gas on the temperature control performance, especially if the compensation volume has a variable volume.

[0131] The safety valve can be designed so that a maximum negative pressure in the temperature control system compared to the environment of the temperature control system is less than or equal to 0.03 N / mm 2 , preferably less than or equal to 0.02 N / mm 2 , preferably less than or equal to 0 , 015 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0 , 0125 N / mm 2 . Furthermore, the safety valve can be designed so that the maximum negative pressure in the temperature control system is less than or equal to 0 , 01 N / mm 2 preferably less than or equal to 0.0075 N / mm 2 , preferably less than or equal to 0.005 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0 , 0025 N / mm 2. The temperature control system is equipped with a safety valve to protect against overpressure in the temperature control circuit.

[0132] Here, it is proposed that the temperature control system include a safety valve that is designed to open when the pressure in the temperature control system exceeds the ambient pressure. This allows a medium to escape from the temperature control system into the ambient pressure and limits the maximum pressure in the temperature control system.

[0133] The safety valve can be designed so that, in the event of an overpressure in the temperature control system compared to the environment of the temperature control system, the maximum overpressure in the temperature control system is less than or equal to 0.31 N / mm 2 , preferably less than or equal to 0.285 N / mm 2 , preferably less than or equal to 0.265 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.25 N / mm 2. Furthermore, the safety valve can be designed so that the maximum overpressure in the temperature control system is less than or equal to 0 , 235 N / mm 2 preferably less than or equal to 0.22 N / mm 2 , preferably less than or equal to 0.2 N / mm 2 and particularly preferably less than or equal to 0.175 N / mm 2 .

[0134] Preferably, the temperature control system comprises a sensor, wherein the sensor is configured to determine the conductivity of a medium in the temperature control circuit.

[0135] If the proportion of a designated heat transfer medium in the temperature circuit falls below a certain value, this can affect the temperature control performance of the temperature control system.

[0136] Furthermore, the temperature control system preferably has a first sensor and a second sensor, each configured to determine the conductivity of a medium in the temperature control circuit, wherein the first sensor is in fluid communication with the lower region of the battery housing and the second sensor is in fluid communication with an upper region of the battery housing.

[0137] A second sensor can be used to increase the measurement accuracy of a medium's conductivity. Conductivity can be used to determine a fluid's property. In particular, it can be used to determine whether contamination with other fluid components is present. Such contamination can influence the conductivity of a fluid, particularly a heat transfer medium.

[0138] Furthermore, the temperature control system can comprise a third sensor, in particular a sensor configured to determine a temperature of the designated heat transfer medium. In particular, the third sensor can be in fluid communication with the lower region of the battery housing, preferably at the fluid inlet of the battery housing.

[0139] Furthermore, the temperature control system can have a fourth sensor, in particular a sensor configured to determine a pressure of the designated heat transfer medium in the temperature control system. In particular, the fourth sensor can be in fluid communication with the lower region of the battery housing, preferably at the fluid inlet of the battery housing.

[0140] Preferably, the collecting container has a heating element.

[0141] The following term is explained in this regard:

[0142] A "heating element" is understood to mean a device from which heat can be transferred to the fluid surrounding the heating element. In other words, the fluid surrounding the heating element can be heated by the heating element. In particular, the collecting container can have a heating element which is designed to achieve an advantageous temperature in the collecting container.

[0143] This allows the designated heat transfer medium, which is fed into the battery housing by the pump, to enter the battery housing at an elevated temperature, so that the elevated temperature of the designated heat transfer medium can transfer heat to at least one designated battery cell. This allows a designated battery cell to provide or absorb a high power density more quickly, even at low ambient temperatures. This can improve cold-start capability.

[0144] The heat exchanger is preferably fluidly connected to the compensation volume.

[0145] The heat exchanger can preferably be connected in the upper region of the heat exchanger and / or the lower region of the heat exchanger to the upper region of the compensation volume and / or the lower region of the compensation volume.

[0146] During operation, gaseous components of a medium may remain in condensers due to incomplete condensation. In particular, a non-condensable gas may accumulate in the upper region of the condenser.

[0147] Because the heat exchanger and the compensation volume can be fluidically connected, liquid and / or gaseous fluid can be conducted from the heat exchanger to the compensation volume. In particular, gaseous components of a designated heat transfer medium that is not fully condensed can be conducted from the heat exchanger to the compensation volume. Furthermore, non-condensable gas in particular can be conducted from the heat exchanger to the compensation volume. Finally, non-condensable fluid in particular, which may have entered the temperature control system through a safety valve, can be conducted from the heat exchanger to the compensation volume.

[0148] Optionally, the temperature control system has a fluid conveying device, wherein the fluid conveying device can be arranged between the collecting container and the compensation volume.

[0149] The following term is explained in this regard:

[0150] A “fluid conveying device” is any device for conveying a liquid and / or gaseous substance and / or mixture of substances.

[0151] The fluid conveying device can convey fluid, in particular a designated heat transfer medium, from the collecting tank into the compensation volume.

[0152] The tempering system may have a filling device.

[0153] The following term is explained in this regard:

[0154] A "filling device" is any device for filling a temperature control system with a fluid. In particular, a filling device is a device with which a temperature control system can be filled with a designated heat transfer medium.

[0155] The filling device can preferably be arranged above the battery housing. Furthermore, the filling device can preferably be arranged below a safety valve. The filling device can preferably be arranged between the heat exchanger and the collecting container. Particularly preferably, the filling device can be arranged adjacent to the collecting container, again preferably in the upper region of the collecting container. Finally, the filling device can be arranged integrally with the collecting container, preferably in the upper region of the collecting container.

[0156] The temperature control system may include a drainage device.

[0157] The following term is explained in this regard:

[0158] A "drainage device" is any device for draining a fluid from a temperature control system. In particular, a drainage device is a device for draining a designated heat transfer medium from a temperature control system.

[0159] The drainage device can preferably be arranged at the point with the lowest geodetic height of the system. Preferably, the drainage device can be arranged in the lower region of the battery housing. Further preferably, the drainage device can be integrally connected to the lower region of the battery housing.

[0160] One or more components of the temperature control system can be arranged within the motor vehicle, in particular the battery housing of the traction battery and / or the collecting container and / or the heat transfer device and / or the pump and / or the compensation volume.

[0161] According to a second aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a motor vehicle having a temperature control system according to the first aspect of the invention. It is understood that the advantages of a temperature control system according to the first aspect of the invention, as described above, extend directly to a motor vehicle having a temperature control system according to the first aspect of the invention.

[0162] It should be expressly pointed out that the subject matter of the second aspect can be advantageously combined with the subject matter of the preceding aspect of the invention, both individually or cumulatively in any combination.

[0163] Further advantages, details, and features of the invention will become apparent from the following exemplary embodiments. In particular, they show:

[0164] Figure 1: a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a temperature control system;

[0165] Figure 2: a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a temperature control system;

[0166] Figure 3: a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a temperature control system;

[0167] Figure 4: a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of a temperature control system; and

[0168] Figure 5: a schematic representation of a fifth embodiment of a temperature control system; and

[0169] Figure 6: a schematic representation of a sixth embodiment of a temperature control system.

[0170] In the following description, identical reference numerals designate identical components or identical features, so that a description of a component made with reference to one figure also applies to the other figures, thus avoiding repetitive description. Furthermore, individual features described in connection with one embodiment can also be used separately in other embodiments.

[0171] A first embodiment of a temperature control system 10 according to Figure 1 essentially consists of a battery housing 20, a heat exchanger 50, a collecting container 30 and a pump 60.

[0172] The temperature control system 10 can be configured to temperature control a traction battery of a motor vehicle with a heat transfer medium 120 in a temperature control circuit.

[0173] The battery housing 20 can have an enclosed interior space with at least one receiving position for a battery cell, wherein a lower region of the battery housing 20 can be designed to receive the heat transfer medium 120.

[0174] The heat exchanger 50 can be designed to transfer heat from the heat transfer medium 120 to the environment surrounding the heat exchanger 50.

[0175] The collecting container 30 can be designed to hold the heat transfer medium 120.

[0176] Even if the temperature control circuit is described below with the simultaneous mention of lines 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, it should be expressly pointed out that the lines 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180 can also be understood as optional and functionally connected components of the temperature control circuit can also be arranged directly adjacent to one another, so that individual, several or all lines 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180 can be dispensed with.

[0177] The heat exchanger 50 can be fluidly connected to the battery housing 20 at least indirectly via a second line 140 and at least indirectly via the third line 150 to the collecting container 30. The collecting container 30 can be fluidly connected to the battery housing 20 at least indirectly via a fourth line 160. The pump 60 can be arranged between the battery housing 20 and the collecting container 30 in operative connection with the fourth line 160. The pump 60 can be arranged adjacent to the battery housing 20 and / or the collecting container 30 or can be a component of the fourth line 160 or of the collecting container 30 or of the battery housing 20. The pump 60 can therefore pump the heat transfer medium 120 from the collecting container 30 into the battery housing 20, into the heat exchanger 50 and back again into the collecting container 30.In this way, a temperature control of at least one designated battery cell within the battery housing 20 can be achieved.

[0178] The temperature control system 10 may have a compensating volume 40. The compensating volume 40 may be fluidically connected at least indirectly to an upper region of the collecting container 30 through a first line 130, or may be directly connected to the collecting container 30, or may be formed integrally with the collecting container 30, wherein a volume of the collecting container 30 is at least partially separated from the compensating volume 40 by a partial constriction or a diaphragm.

[0179] The temperature control system 10 may also comprise a drainage device 110. The drainage device 110 may be arranged at the lowest point of the temperature control system 10. The drainage device

[0180] 110 can be arranged in the lower region of the battery housing 20 or in the fourth line 160. The temperature control system 10 can also have a filling device 80, which can preferably be arranged at the highest point of the temperature control system 10. The filling device 80 can be arranged above the battery housing 20.

[0181] A second embodiment of a temperature control system 10 according to Figure 2 can have a heating function for heating the at least one designated battery cell. For this purpose, the second embodiment of the temperature control system 10 can have a three-way valve 70.

[0182] The three-way valve 70 can be arranged between the battery housing 20 and the heat exchanger 50, preferably as a component of the second line 140 or directly adjacent to the battery housing 20 and / or the heat exchanger 50. It is also conceivable for the three-way valve 70 to be a component of the battery housing 20 or the heat exchanger 50. The three-way valve 70 can be at least indirectly fluidically connected to the battery housing 20 via its first connection and to the heat exchanger 50 via its second connection. With its third connection, the three-way valve 70 can be at least indirectly fluidically connected to the collecting container 30 via the fifth line 170. However, the three-way valve can also be directly adjacent to the collecting container 30 or be an integral component of the collecting container 30.

[0183] The three-way valve 70 can also be designed to be controllable. In particular, the three-way valve 70 can be designed to be controllable such that the heat transfer medium 120 can be pumped by the pump 60 from the collecting container 30, preferably through the fourth line 160, into the battery housing 20 and from there, preferably through the second line 140 and / or the fifth line 170, back into the collecting container 30. In other words, the three-way valve 70 can be designed to be controllable such that the heat transfer medium 120 is not pumped through the heat exchanger 50 and / or the line 150. This makes it possible to achieve a heating function of the temperature control system 10.

[0184] The depiction of the pump 60 is not decisive for the conveying direction of the heat transfer medium 120. In other words, the pump can be configured to convey in two opposing conveying directions.

[0185] A third embodiment of a temperature control system 10 according to Figure 3 can have a heat exchanger 50, which can be designed as a condenser 51. The battery housing 20 can be designed as a battery housing 21, which has an evaporation device for evaporating the heat transfer medium 120. The pump 60 can be designed as a diaphragm pump 61. In particular, the diaphragm pump 61 can be designed to change the pumping direction. As a result, two-phase immersion cooling can be carried out with the temperature control system 10.

[0186] The temperature control system 10 according to Figure 3 can have a compensation volume 40, which is designed as a pressure compensation device with a variable volume 41. In particular, the pressure compensation volume with variable volume 41 can have a defined maximum volume. This allows the temperature control system 10 to be operated as a system that is closed to the environment.

[0187] A fourth embodiment of a temperature control system 10 according to Figure 4 may have a sixth line 180. The heat exchanger 50, 51 may be fluidly connected to the compensation volume 40, 41 through the sixth line 180 or may be fluidly connected directly to the compensation volume 40, 41.

[0188] The temperature control system 10 can have a safety valve 90 for protecting against negative pressure and / or overpressure. The safety valve 90 can be arranged at the highest point of the temperature control system 10; in particular, the safety valve 90 can be arranged in the upper region of the compensation volume 40, 41.

[0189] The filling device can be arranged below a safety valve 90.

[0190] The temperature control system 10 can have a first sensor 100. The first sensor 100 can be configured to determine the conductivity of a medium in the temperature control circuit. The first sensor 100 can be in fluid communication with the lower region of the battery housing 20. The temperature control system 10 can have a second sensor 101. The second sensor 101 can be configured to determine the conductivity of a medium in the temperature control circuit. The second sensor 101 can be in fluid communication with an upper region of the battery housing 20. The measurement accuracy for determining the conductivity of a medium can be increased by a second sensor 101.

[0191] Furthermore, the temperature control system 10 can have a third sensor 102 and / or a fourth sensor 103. In particular, the third sensor 102 and the fourth sensor 103 can be arranged at the fluid inlet of the battery housing 20. The third sensor 102 can be configured to determine a temperature of the designated heat transfer medium 120. The fourth sensor 103 can be configured to determine a pressure of the designated heat transfer medium 120.

[0192] The temperature control system 10 can have a fluid conveying device. The fluid conveying device can be arranged in the first line 130 between the collecting container 30 and the compensation volume 40, 41 or can be directly connected to the collecting container 30 and / or the compensation volume 40, 41 or can be integrated into the collecting container 30 or the compensation volume. A fifth embodiment of a temperature control system 10 according to Figure 5 can have a valve 200, which can be arranged between the pump 60, 61 and the battery housing 20. In particular, the valve 200 can be designed as a three-way valve. The valve 200 designed as a three-way valve can be fluidly connected with its first connection to the pump 60, 61, with its second connection to the battery housing 20 and with its third connection to the collecting container 30, in particular at least indirectly via a seventh line 190.In this embodiment, the three-way valve 70 can be fluidly connected to the pump 60, 61 via its third connection, in particular at least indirectly via a fifth line 171.

[0193] The three-way valve 70 and the valve 200 can also be designed to be controllable and / or regulatable, in particular in such a way that the heat transfer medium 120 can be conveyed by the pump 60, 61 via the three-way valve 70 into the battery housing into the battery housing 20, in particular through the fluid outlet of the battery housing 20. From the battery housing 20, the heat transfer medium 120 can be conveyed back into the collecting container 30 through the valve 200. In other words, the conveying direction of the heat transfer medium 120 through the battery housing 20 can be reversed. In this way, a heating function of at least one designated battery cell accommodated in the battery housing 20 can be achieved.

[0194] A sixth embodiment of a temperature control system 10 according to Figure 6 can have a three-way valve 70 and a second three-way valve 71. The three-way valve 70 can be arranged between the battery housing 20 and the heat exchanger 50, in particular in the second line 140. The second three-way valve 71 can be arranged between the heat exchanger 50 and the collecting container 30, in particular in the third line 150. The three-way valve 70 can be fluidly connected with its first connection to the battery housing 20, 21, with its second connection to the heat exchanger 50, 51 and with its third connection to the third connection of the second three-way valve 71. The second three-way valve 71 can be arranged between the heat exchanger 50, 51 and the collecting container 30.The second three-way valve 71 can be fluidly connected with its first connection to the heat exchanger 50, 51, with its second connection to the collecting tank 30 and with its third connection to the third connection of the three-way valve 70.

[0195] The temperature control system 10 can have a third three-way valve 72 and a fourth three-way valve 73. The temperature control system 10 can have a first connecting element 210 and / or a second connecting element 211. The third three-way valve 72 and / or the fourth three-way valve 73 can be arranged between the pump 60, 61 and the collecting container 30, in particular in the fourth line 160. The third three-way valve 72 can be fluidly connected with its first connection to the second connection of the fourth three-way valve 73, with its second connection to the collecting container 30, and with its third connection to the third connection of a second connecting element 211. The fourth three-way valve 73 can be fluidly connected with its first port to the third port of a first connecting element 210, with its second port to the first port of the third three-way valve 72 and with its third port to the pump 60, 61.

[0196] The first connecting element 210 and / or the second connecting element 211 can be designed as a three-way valve or as a T-piece or as another connecting element with three connections. The first connecting element 210 and / or the second connecting element 211 can be arranged between the battery housing 20, 21 and the pump 60, 61, in particular in the fourth line 160. The first connecting element 210 can be fluidically connected with its first connection to the battery housing 20, 21, with its second connection to the first connection of the second connecting element 211 and with its third connection to the first connection of the fourth three-way valve 73. In particular, the first connecting element 210 can be fluidically connected with its third connection via the seventh line 191 to the first connection of the fourth three-way valve 73.The second connecting element 211 can be fluidly connected by its first connection to the second connection of the first connecting element 210, by its second connection to the pump 60, 61, and by its third connection to the third connection of the third three-way valve 72. In particular, the second connecting element 211 can be fluidly connected by its third connection via the eighth line 220 to the third connection of the third three-way valve 72.

[0197] The three-way valve 70 and / or the second three-way valve 71 and / or the third three-way valve 72 and / or the fourth three-way valve 73 and / or the first connecting element 210 and / or the second connecting element 211 can be designed to be controllable and / or regulatable in such a way that the designated heat transfer medium 120, in particular the liquid designated heat transfer medium 120, can be conveyed by the pump 60, 61 from the battery housing 20, 21 into the collecting container 30. As a result, gaseous designated heat transfer medium 120 can be sucked from the collecting container 30 into the battery housing 20, 21. In other words, the conveying direction of the designated heat transfer medium 120 through the battery housing 20, 21 can be reversed, in particular with a conventional pump 60.The gaseous designated heat transfer medium 120 thus conveyed into the battery housing 20, 21 can condense on at least one designated battery cell accommodated in the battery housing 20, 21. As a result, this designated battery cell can be heated, in particular heated particularly quickly. In particular, a heating function with pronounced phase heating can be achieved.

[0198] List of reference symbols Temperature control system Battery housing Battery housing with evaporation device Collecting container Compensation volume Pressure compensation device with variable volume Heat exchanger Condenser Pump Diaphragm pump Three-way valve Second three-way valve Third three-way valve Fourth three-way valve Filling device Safety valve (against negative pressure / positive pressure) First sensor Second sensor Third sensor Fourth sensor Drainage device Heat transfer medium First line Second line Third line Fourth line Fifth line Fifth line Fifth line Sixth line Seventh line Seventh line Valve First connecting element Second connecting element Eighth line

Claims

Patent claims 1. Temperature control system (10) for temperature control of a traction battery of a motor vehicle with a heat transfer medium (120) in a temperature control circuit, comprising - a battery housing (20) which forms an enclosed interior space with at least one receiving position for a battery cell, wherein a lower area of ​​the battery housing (20) is designed to receive the heat transfer medium (120), - a heat exchanger (50) which is designed to transfer heat from the heat transfer medium (120) to the environment surrounding the heat exchanger (50), - a collection container (30) for receiving the heat transfer medium (120) , - a pump (60) for pumping the heat transfer medium (120) , and - a compensation volume (40) which is fluidly connected to an upper area of ​​the collection container (30).

2. Temperature control system (10) according to claim 1, characterized by the following features: - a three-way valve (70) is arranged between the heat exchanger (50) and the battery housing (20); - the three-way valve (70) is at least indirectly fluid-connected to the collection tank (30); - the three-way valve (70) is designed to provide a fluid connection between the battery housing (20) and the heat exchanger (50) and / or a fluid connection between the battery housing (20) and the collection tank (30).

3. Temperature control system (10) according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized by the following features: - the battery housing (21) has an evaporation device for evaporating the heat transfer medium (120), and - the heat exchanger (50) is designed as a condenser (51).

4. Temperature control system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pump (60) is a diaphragm pump (61), in particular a diaphragm pump (61) which is designed to change the pumping direction.

5. Temperature control system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compensation volume (40) is designed as a pressure compensation device (41) with a variable volume.

6. Temperature control system (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that the pressure equalization device (41) has a defined maximum volume.

7. Temperature control system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature control system (10) has a safety valve (90) against a negative pressure in the temperature control circuit.

8. Temperature control system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature control system (10) has a safety valve (90) against overpressure in the temperature control circuit.

9. Temperature control system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature control system (10) has a sensor (100) wherein the sensor (100) is configured to determine the conductivity of a medium in the temperature control circuit.

10. Temperature control system (10) according to claim 9, characterized in that the temperature control system (10) has a first sensor (100) and a second sensor (100) each configured to determine the conductivity of a medium in the temperature control circuit, wherein the first sensor (100) is in fluid communication with the lower region of the battery housing (20, 21) and the second sensor (100) is in fluid communication with an upper region of the battery housing (20, 21).

11. Temperature control system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the collection container (30) has a heating element.

12. Temperature control system (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat exchanger (50) is fluidly connected to the compensation volume (40).

13. Motor vehicle comprising a temperature control system (10) according to one of claims 1 to 12.

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