Device and method for detecting a forest fire

Abstract

The invention relates to a forest fire detection unit comprising a drive, a detection unit designed and adapted to detect a source of fire, a navigation unit and a localisation unit designed and adapted to localise a source of fire. The invention further relates to a method for detecting and / or localising a forest fire, comprising the following steps: receiving information, decoupling a forest fire detection unit from a forest fire detection station, and starting a forest fire detection process for detecting and / or localising a forest fire.

Description

[0001] DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETECTING A FOREST EDGE

[0002] The invention relates to a forest fire detection unit with a drive, a detection unit designed and suitable for detecting a fire source, a navigation unit, and a localization unit designed and suitable for locating a fire source. The invention further relates to a method for detecting and / or localizing a forest fire, comprising the method steps of receiving information, decoupling a forest fire detection unit from a forest fire detection station, and starting a forest fire detection process for detecting and / or localizing a forest fire.

[0003] State of the art

[0004] Systems for detecting and locating forest fires are well known. The area to be monitored is monitored using optical sensors that can detect the smoke columns produced by a forest fire. These sensors can be rotated cameras, for example, but they have the disadvantage that they are less effective at night and are prone to false detections, e.g. in the case of dust clouds caused by agricultural activities. In addition, optical systems can usually only detect forest fires once the forest fire is already advanced and the smoke columns are visible over great distances. Monitoring using an IR camera installed in a satellite from a high orbit has the disadvantage that the resolution of the cameras over great distances prevents detection of forest fires in the early stages. A satellite is also expensive to purchase and maintain, especially the launch cost.Surveillance using mini-satellites in low orbit has the disadvantage that the satellites are not geostationary, meaning they require a certain amount of time to orbit the area during which the area is not monitored. Close-meshed surveillance requires a large number of satellites, which are also costly to launch. Surveillance using satellites is also associated with high carbon dioxide emissions during launch.

[0005] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method for detecting a forest fire that operates reliably and automatically, is infinitely expandable, and is cost-effective to install and maintain. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a forest fire detection system that operates reliably and automatically, is infinitely expandable, and is cost-effective to install and maintain. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a forest fire detection device that operates reliably and automatically, is infinitely expandable, and is cost-effective to install and maintain. It is also an object of the present invention to provide an autonomous forest fire detection unit that operates reliably and automatically, is infinitely expandable, and is cost-effective to install and maintain.It is also an object of the present invention to provide a forest fire detection station that operates reliably and automatically, is expandable as required and is cost-effective to install and maintain.

[0006] The object is achieved with the forest fire detection unit according to the invention according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the subclaims.

[0007] The forest fire detection unit according to the invention comprises a drive and a detection unit designed and suitable for detecting a fire source. The forest fire detection unit is preferably designed as an autonomously flightable drone and, for this purpose, comprises a drive unit with a plurality of rotors driven by motors. The motors are typically electric motors and are powered by a rechargeable energy storage device (battery). The detection unit is preferably an infrared camera for capturing thermal images. Furthermore, the forest fire detection unit according to the invention comprises a navigation unit and a localization unit. The localization unit comprises suitable sensors for localizing the forest fire. The navigation unit detects objects in the vicinity of the forest fire detection unit.

[0008] In a further development of the invention, the detection unit comprises a detection sensor unit designed and suitable for detecting a forest fire. The detection unit is preferably an infrared camera for capturing thermal images.

[0009] In a further embodiment of the invention, the detection unit comprises a location sensor unit designed and suitable for locating a forest fire. The location sensor unit can be used to determine the position of the fire source relative to the location sensor unit of the forest fire detection unit. Additionally, the position of the location sensor unit of the forest fire detection unit can be determined using a navigation satellite system, e.g., GPS.

[0010] In a further embodiment of the invention, the location sensor unit is coupled to a control unit. The control unit has a program stored in a memory for automatically locating a forest fire.

[0011] In a further embodiment of the invention, the detection sensor unit is coupled to the control unit. The control unit has a program stored in a memory for automatically detecting a forest fire.

[0012] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit has a flight drive. The forest fire detection unit is designed as an autonomous, flight-capable drone and, for this purpose, has a drive unit with a plurality of motor-driven rotors. This object is also achieved with the inventive method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also set forth in the subclaims.

[0013] The inventive method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station comprises three method steps: In the first method step, information is received. The information includes, for example, the detection of a forest fire, its position, and, if applicable, its propagation speed and direction. In the second method step, a forest fire detection unit is decoupled from a forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection station is a weatherproof station for accommodating the forest fire detection unit. In idle mode, the forest fire detection unit is immovably coupled to the forest fire detection station. In the third method step, a forest fire detection process for detecting and / or locating a forest fire is initiated, for example, by using an airworthy drone as the forest fire detection unit.Detection and / or localization of a fire source can therefore begin immediately after detection of a fire source.

[0014] In a further development of the invention, the forest fire detection process includes starting the forest fire detection unit. In standby mode, the forest fire detection unit is immovably coupled to the forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection unit is designed as an autonomous, flight-capable drone and is launched from the forest fire detection station at the beginning of the forest fire detection process.

[0015] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection process comprises moving the forest fire detection unit to a first position. The forest fire detection unit is positioned near the source of the fire in such a way that the forest fire detection unit detects the source of the fire using a suitable sensor, preferably an infrared camera, and detection of the forest fire is enabled. In a further embodiment of the invention, the first position, after moving the forest fire detection unit, is at a different distance from the forest fire than the forest fire detection station. Typically, the distance of the forest fire detection station from the forest fire is greater than the distance of the forest fire detection unit from the forest fire.

[0016] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection process comprises the detection of a forest fire by the forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit detects the source of the fire using a sensor, e.g., an infrared camera.

[0017] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection process comprises the localization of a forest fire by the forest fire detection unit. The position of the fire source relative to the forest fire detection unit's location sensor unit can be determined using the location sensor unit.

[0018] In a further development of the invention, the location is carried out by an image-capturing method, preferably a thermal image of the source of the fire is captured.

[0019] In a further embodiment of the invention, after the forest fire has been located by the forest fire detection unit, the forest fire detection unit is moved to a second position. In the second position, the forest fire detection unit is positioned such that detection of a forest fire is possible.

[0020] In a further embodiment of the invention, the localization process occurs after the forest fire detection unit has reached its first and / or second position. For this purpose, an extinguishing agent located in the forest fire detection unit is ejected, for example. In a further development of the invention, the localization process is performed several times. Depending on the extent of the fire source and its direction and speed of spread, the localization process is performed several times in order to fully localize the forest fire.

[0021] In a further embodiment of the invention, after performing a localization process, the forest fire detection unit is moved to the forest fire detection station. After detecting the source of the fire, in particular after dropping the extinguishing agent, the forest fire detection unit returns to the forest fire detection station to be refueled and, if necessary, filled with extinguishing agent. The refueling can take place in the form of energy, for example, if the forest fire is being fought with infrasound.

[0022] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit is coupled to the forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection unit is coupled to the forest fire detection station in such a way that the forest fire detection unit is connected to the power supply of the forest fire detection station.

[0023] In an advantageous development of the invention, after the forest fire detection station is coupled to the forest fire detection unit, the forest fire detection unit charges energy and / or extinguishing agent from the forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection unit is fueled with electrical energy. Furthermore, the forest fire detection unit is connected to the extinguishing agent reservoir of the forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection unit is also charged with extinguishing agent.

[0024] The task is also solved using the method for detecting a forest fire.

[0025] Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set out in the subclaims.

[0026] The method according to the invention for detecting a forest fire comprises six method steps: In the first method step, a first detection of a fire source is carried out using a first forest fire detection sensor. The first forest fire detection sensor can be, for example, an optical sensor, gas sensor, particle sensor, and / or temperature sensor.

[0027] In the second step, the fire source is initially localized. In the simplest case, this localization is carried out using the position of the first forest fire detection sensor, which performs the initial detection. For this purpose, the position of the first forest fire detection sensor must be known. The position can be determined, for example, during the installation of the first forest fire detection sensor. The first forest fire detection sensor can be arranged, for example, on a tree in the forest to be monitored, and the position of the first forest fire detection sensor can be determined once using a navigation satellite system, e.g., GNSS (global navigation satellite system). A commercially available GPS system or a smartphone can be used for this purpose.

[0028] In the third method step, a second forest fire detection sensor is positioned. The second forest fire detection sensor is preferably designed to be movable and is positioned at such a distance from the source of the fire that the second forest fire detection sensor performs a second detection of a fire source in the fourth method step. Like the first forest fire detection sensor, the second forest fire detection sensor can be, for example, an optical sensor, gas sensor, particle sensor, or temperature sensor. In addition to detecting the source of the fire, further information about the source of the fire can be determined using the second forest fire detection sensor, such as the extent, direction of propagation, and speed of the fire source.

[0029] In the fifth step, a second localization of the fire source is performed. The location of the fire source can be determined, for example, by determining the position of the second forest fire detection sensor, which is also determined using a navigation satellite system, e.g., GNSS (global navigation satellite system). This second localization determines the location of the fire source with a lower error rate than the first localization of the fire source due to the proximity of the second forest fire detection sensor to the fire source.

[0030] In the sixth step, the fire source is detected using a forest fire detection unit. Due to the more precise localization and the additional information about the fire source obtained from the second fire source localization, targeted and early detection and subsequent fire extinguishing is possible.

[0031] For the purposes of this patent specification, forest fire detection is understood to mean the detection of a forest fire and / or the detection of a fire source in the monitored area. In this specification, forest fire localization includes not only the detection of a forest fire and / or the fire source, but also the determination of the position of a forest fire and / or the fire source.

[0032] For the purposes of this patent specification, forest fire fighting refers to the detection, localization, containment, and / or extinguishing of a forest fire. Detection includes the recognition of a forest fire and / or the detection of a fire source in the monitored area. In this specification, forest fire localization includes not only the detection of a forest fire and / or the fire source, but also the determination of the position of a forest fire and / or the fire source.

[0033] In one development of the invention, the first forest fire detection sensor is a stationary forest fire detection sensor. The first forest fire detection sensor can, for example, be arranged on a tree in a forest to be monitored. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first forest fire detection sensor is part of a terminal device and / or gateway of a network. The network is preferably a LoRaWAN. The network architecture of the LoRaWAN is typically constructed in a star topology, with gateways acting as transparent bridges that forward messages between terminal devices and a central network server. The gateways are connected to a corresponding network server via a standard IP connection, while the terminal devices use single-hop wireless communication (LoRa) to one or more gateways.LoRaWAN networks implement a star-shaped architecture using gateways—message packets—between the end devices and the central network server. The gateways are connected to the network server via the standard Internet Protocol, while the end devices communicate wirelessly with the respective gateway using LoRa (Chirp Frequency Spread Spectrum Modulation) or FSK (Frequency Shift Modulation).

[0034] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first forest fire detection sensor is part of a terminal device and / or gateway, wherein the terminal device and / or gateway is part of a network. A terminal device has a first forest fire detection sensor, wherein the first forest fire detection sensor can be a sensor unit. The sensor unit of the first forest fire detection sensor has a plurality of sensors with which a forest fire can be detected. The network has a plurality of terminal devices that are distributed across the area to be monitored.

[0035] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first forest fire detection sensor detects the fire by detecting and analyzing smoke, gas, temperature, particles, or other information. In addition to heavy smoke, a forest fire produces a variety of gases, particularly carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The temperature of the gases is also measured. In addition to the type and concentration of the gases produced during a forest fire, their temperature is an indicator of a forest fire. The type and concentration of these gases are characteristic of a forest fire and can be detected and analyzed using suitable sensors. The signals recorded by the sensor unit are analyzed with regard to the concentration of the composition of the gases. If a certain concentration of the gases is exceeded, a forest fire is detected. The type, composition, and temperature of the gases produced during a forest fire also indicate the outbreak of a forest fire.This makes it possible to detect an emerging forest fire and initiate its detection at an early stage.

[0036] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first localization is determined by reading the position of the first forest fire detection sensor from a memory and / or by triangulating the position of the locating device and / or the forest fire detection sensor.

[0037] In the simplest case, localization is achieved via the position of the first forest fire detection sensor, which performs the first detection. For this, the position of the first forest fire detection sensor must be known. Position determination can be performed, for example, during the installation of the first forest fire detection sensor. The first forest fire detection sensor can be placed on a tree in the forest to be monitored, for example, and the position of the first forest fire detection sensor can be determined once and stored using a navigation satellite system, e.g., GPS (Global Positioning System).

[0038] Another possibility is to locate a plurality of first forest fire detection sensors based on the individual times at which each first forest fire detection sensor detects the forest fire. The forest fire signals recorded by the forest fire detection sensors may each have different timestamps, meaning they may have been detected at different times. The difference in the detection of the signals is used to locate the forest fire.

[0039] In one development of the invention, the first localization takes into account the wind direction, the wind speed, the time of detection and / or the propagation time of the signals. The localization of a forest fire takes place, for example, using a plurality of first forest fire detection sensors, in particular from the individual times at which each first forest fire detection sensor detects the forest fire. Signals of the forest fire recorded by the forest fire detection sensors can each have different time stamps from one another, i.e. can be detected at different times. The difference in the detection of the signals is used to localize the forest fire. Due to the knowledge of the times of detection of the forest fire by the forest fire detection sensor, it is not only possible to determine the position of a forest fire more precisely, but also its speed of spread.Wind direction and speed provide firefighters with information about the direction and speed of the forest fire's spread. Detection of the fire source can therefore be targeted and prioritized.

[0040] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second forest fire detection sensor is positioned by positioning a second forest fire detection sensor closer to the localized fire source than the first forest fire detection sensor at the time of the first detection. The second forest fire detection sensor is thus positioned such that it is closer to the fire source during the second detection and also the second localization of the fire source than the first forest fire detection sensor is during the first detection and the first localization of the fire source. The second detection and the second localization of the fire source are therefore carried out with greater precision than the first detection and the first localization of the fire source.

[0041] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection sensor that performed the second detection is a second forest fire detection sensor. The second forest fire detection sensor is therefore used in addition to the first forest fire detection sensor to localize the forest fire. The first forest fire detection sensor performs a first detection and first localization of a forest fire, while the second forest fire detection sensor performs a second detection and second localization of a forest fire. In an advantageous development of the invention, the second forest fire detection sensor is positioned automatically. The positioning can be performed, for example, by means of a vehicle in which the forest fire detection sensor is arranged, or the forest fire detection sensor is such a vehicle. The forest fire detection sensor performs an automated process based on programming of the forest fire detection sensor.

[0042] In a further embodiment of the invention, the second forest fire detection sensor is positioned autonomously. The positioning is carried out independently, without external influence. Obstacles, such as trees, are detected, analyzed, and actively avoided.

[0043] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second forest fire detection sensor is part of a mobile forest fire detection unit. This advantageous arrangement makes it possible to use the mobile forest fire detection unit to locate the forest fire detected by the second forest fire detection sensor immediately after detection, thus providing firefighting personnel with precise instructions for fighting and / or extinguishing the forest fire. The spread of the forest fire can thus be effectively reduced.

[0044] In a further embodiment of the invention, the second detection of a fire source is carried out using the second forest fire detection sensor. The second forest fire detection sensor is therefore used in addition to the first forest fire detection sensor to localize the forest fire. The first forest fire detection sensor carries out a first detection and first localization of a forest fire, while the second forest fire detection sensor carries out a second detection and second localization of a forest fire. In a further aspect of the invention, the second detection of the fire source is carried out using a method different from the first detection. The first detection of the forest fire using the first forest fire detection sensor is preferably carried out by detecting and analyzing the gases (smoke) produced during a forest fire and their temperature. The second detection uses a method different from the first detection, e.g., an image capture method.

[0045] In a further development of the invention, the second detection method uses an image acquisition method. Using an image acquisition method, the fire source can be detected more precisely; in particular, the extent of the fire source and its direction of spread can be recorded more accurately. The image acquisition method preferably generates a thermal image of the fire source.

[0046] In a further embodiment of the invention, the second location of the fire source is determined using the position of the second forest fire detection sensor. The second location is determined using the second forest fire detection sensor, which is positioned at a shorter distance from the fire source than the fixed first forest fire detection sensor at the time of the first location. The second location of the fire source is therefore determined with greater precision than the first location of the fire source.

[0047] In a further development of the invention, the second localization of the fire source is carried out using the measured values ​​recorded by the second forest fire detection sensor. The second forest fire detection sensor uses suitable sensors, e.g., an infrared sensor, in combination with a navigation sensor to detect the position of the fire source with greater accuracy than the first forest fire detection sensor.

[0048] In a further embodiment of the invention, the second localization of the fire source is carried out using a control unit coupled to the second forest fire detection sensor. The control unit is designed, for example, as a microcontroller with control software. The control unit queries the second forest fire detection sensor, collects its measured values, and determines the position of the fire source.

[0049] In a further aspect of the invention, the control unit is part of a forest fire detection unit. In particular, the control unit is arranged in the forest fire detection unit.

[0050] In a further embodiment of the invention, the result of the second localization is sent to a network server. The control unit and / or a communication unit connected to the control unit sends the result of the second localization to the central network server of the network.

[0051] In a further development of the invention, in addition to the result of the second localization, further data is sent to the network server. In particular, data on the speed and direction of the fire's propagation are sent.

[0052] In a further embodiment of the invention, the fire source is fought and / or extinguished using an extinguishing unit coupled to the second forest fire detection sensor. The second forest fire detection sensor advantageously has a coupled extinguishing unit to fight or extinguish the fire source immediately and specifically after the second detection and second localization of the fire source.

[0053] In a further development of the invention, the fire is fought and / or extinguished by ejecting extinguishing agent. The extinguishing unit has an extinguishing agent reservoir filled with extinguishing agent. The extinguishing agent is ejected from the extinguishing agent reservoir onto the fire.

[0054] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the extinguishing agent is ejected multiple times. The extinguishing agent is ejected repeatedly until either the source of the fire is extinguished or the extinguishing unit no longer has any extinguishing agent. Infrasound, for example, can also be used as an extinguishing method.

[0055] In a further development of the invention, the extinguishing agent is distributed after ejection in directions different from the ejection direction. This ensures that the extinguishing agent is distributed in a radius around the fire source in such a way that the spread of the fire source is reduced.

[0056] In a further aspect of the invention, the extinguishing unit is part of a forest fire detection unit. In addition to the second forest fire detection sensor, the forest fire detection unit includes the extinguishing unit for immediately and specifically fighting or extinguishing the fire after the second detection and second localization of the fire source.

[0057] In a further embodiment of the invention, the method steps of positioning a second forest fire detection sensor for detecting forest fires, detecting a fire source for a second time, and locating the fire source for a second time are performed multiple times. The positioning, detection, and localization using a forest fire detection unit are repeated in such a way that the fire source is located and detected with a low error rate. In addition, the propagation speed and direction are continuously updated. Detection of the fire source can therefore be more effective.

[0058] In a further development of the invention, the method steps of positioning a second forest fire detection sensor for detecting forest fires, second detection of a fire source, second localization of the fire source, and fighting and / or extinguishing the fire source are performed in parallel with multiple forest fire detection units. A fire source can be detected much more effectively with a plurality of forest fire detection units than with just one forest fire detection unit. This object is further achieved with the forest fire detection system according to the invention. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are set forth in the subclaims.

[0059] The forest fire detection system according to the invention comprises a first forest fire detection sensor for detecting forest fires. The first forest fire detection sensor is preferably arranged in a fixed location, e.g., on a tree in the forest to be monitored.

[0060] Furthermore, the forest fire detection system according to the invention comprises a position determination system that is suitable and intended for determining the position of the first forest fire detection sensor. The position determination system determines the position of the first forest fire detection sensor, for example, during installation of the first forest fire detection sensor. The first forest fire detection sensor can be arranged, for example, on a tree in the forest to be monitored, and the position of the first forest fire detection sensor can be determined once using a navigation satellite system, for example, GPS (Global Positioning System). A commercially available GPS system or a smartphone can be used for this purpose. The position of a fire source is determined using the position of the first forest fire detection sensor.

[0061] The forest fire detection system according to the invention further comprises a second forest fire detection sensor and a locating system suitable and intended for determining the position of a fire source. The second forest fire detection sensor is used in addition to the first forest fire detection sensor to locate the forest fire. The first forest fire detection sensor performs a first detection and first localization of a forest fire, while the second forest fire detection sensor performs a second detection and second localization of a forest fire. The locating system determines a fire source with a lower error rate than the first forest fire detection sensor. The forest fire detection system additionally comprises a forest fire detection unit.In contrast to the first forest fire detection sensor, the forest fire detection unit is preferably mobile and suitable for carrying out a further detection of a fire source in addition to the first forest fire detection sensor.

[0062] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection system comprises a network with a terminal device, a gateway, a server, and a forest fire detection unit. The network is preferably a LoRaWAN. The LoRaWAN network architecture is typically constructed in a star topology, with gateways acting as transparent bridges that forward messages between terminal devices and a central network server. The gateways are connected to a corresponding network server via a standard IP connection, while the terminal devices use single-hop wireless (LoRa) communication to one or more gateways. LoRaWAN networks implement a star-shaped architecture using gateway message packets between the terminal devices and the central network server.The gateways (also called concentrators or base stations) are connected to the network server via the standard Internet protocol, while the end devices communicate wirelessly with the respective gateway via LoRa (chirp frequency spread spectrum modulation) or FSK (frequency modulation).

[0063] In a further development of the invention, the first forest fire detection sensor is arranged in a fixed location. The first forest fire detection sensor is preferably arranged, for example, on a tree in the forest to be monitored.

[0064] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first forest fire detection sensor is part of a terminal device and / or gateway. A terminal device and / or gateway comprises a first forest fire detection sensor, wherein the first forest fire detection sensor can be a sensor unit. The sensor unit of the first forest fire detection sensor comprises a plurality of sensors with which a forest fire can be detected. The network comprises a plurality of terminal devices and / or gateways distributed across the area to be monitored.

[0065] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection system can record or retrieve weather data. The weather data includes, for example, wind speed and direction. Based on the weather data, the direction and speed of a fire's spread can be predicted.

[0066] In a further embodiment of the invention, the location of a fire source can be determined using the controller of the forest fire detection system. The controller has a memory in which a program is stored that can be executed by the control unit and determines the location of a fire source.

[0067] In a further embodiment of the invention, the position determination system of the forest fire detection system stores the positions of stationary elements. Stationary elements of the forest fire detection system include, for example, the first forest fire detection sensors located in terminal devices and gateways. The position of a terminal device is permanently stored, for example, on the network server.

[0068] In a further development of the invention, the positioning system determines the positions of stationary elements. Stationary elements of the forest fire detection system include, for example, the first forest fire detection sensors, which are arranged in terminal devices and gateways.

[0069] A navigation satellite system, for example, is used for position determination. The determined position of a first forest fire detection sensor is also permanently stored, for example, on the network server. Alternatively or additionally, the position of a first forest fire detection sensor can be determined and stored continuously or at intervals using the navigation satellite system. In a further embodiment of the invention, the second forest fire detection sensor is movable. The second localization of a fire source occurs using the second forest fire detection sensor, which, compared to the permanently installed first forest fire detection sensor, is positioned at a shorter distance from the fire source at the time of the first localization. The second localization of the fire source is therefore carried out with greater precision than the first localization of the fire source.

[0070] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second forest fire detection sensor is part of the forest fire detection unit. After the first detection and initial localization of a fire source by the first forest fire detection sensor, the fire source is detected by the second forest fire detection sensor.

[0071] In a further embodiment of the invention, the second forest fire detection sensor comprises an image-capturing forest fire detection sensor. Using an image-capturing method, the fire source can be detected more accurately; in particular, the extent of the fire source and its direction of spread can be recorded more accurately. The image-capturing forest fire detection sensor preferably generates a thermal image of the fire source.

[0072] In a further embodiment of the invention, the locating system is suitable and intended for determining the position of the fire source. The locating system is arranged in the second forest fire detection sensor, which is positioned at a shorter distance from the fire source than the first forest fire detection sensor. The location of the fire source is therefore located with greater precision than the initial location of the fire source using a first forest fire detection sensor.

[0073] In a further development of the invention, the locating system is suitable and intended for determining the position of the fire source relative to the position of the locating system. The locating system is arranged in the second forest fire detection sensor, which is movable. The position of the fire source is determined relative to the position of the second forest fire detection sensor and has a low error rate.

[0074] In a further embodiment of the invention, the positioning system uses a triangulation method for position determination, in which the distance, for example, to stationary elements of the forest fire detection system, e.g. the first forest fire detection sensors and / or the gateways, is determined.

[0075] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first controller is part of the central server of a network. The first controller is stationary and, for example, a microcomputer, and has memory and a microprocessor, as well as suitable software.

[0076] In a further embodiment of the invention, the second controller is part of the forest fire detection unit. The second controller has a memory in which an executable program is stored by the second controller that enables the operation of the forest fire detection unit.

[0077] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit is designed as a motorized vehicle. Preferably, the forest fire detection unit is flight-capable in order to be able to cover even greater distances in a short time.

[0078] In a further development of the invention, the forest fire detection unit is a drone and / or a robot. The forest fire detection unit is preferably unmanned and enables automatic and / or autonomous detection of a fire source.

[0079] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit comprises the second forest fire detection sensor, a drive unit, an energy unit, a navigation unit, a steering unit, a control unit, and / or a communication unit and / or an extinguishing unit. The forest fire detection unit is preferably an airworthy drone that automatically and / or autonomously detects a fire source.

[0080] In a further embodiment of the invention, the navigation unit has navigation sensors for detecting objects in the surrounding area. The navigation sensors particularly detect obstacles that may occur during movement of the forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit is therefore able to avoid these obstacles.

[0081] In a further development of the invention, the navigation sensors are cameras and / or time-of-flight sensors. The navigation sensors comprise one or a plurality of cameras and / or time-of-flight sensors that detect obstacles during the movement of the forest fire detection unit. The obstacles are detected, recognized, and analyzed by the control unit arranged in the forest fire detection unit in such a way that the forest fire detection unit automatically avoids the obstacles during the movement.

[0082] In a further embodiment of the invention, the time-of-flight sensors are radar, ultrasonic, and / or LiDAR sensors. The navigation sensors comprise one or more cameras and / or time-of-flight sensors (e.g., radar, ultrasonic, LiDAR) that detect obstacles during the movement of the forest fire detection unit. The obstacles are detected, recognized, and analyzed by the control unit arranged in the forest fire detection unit in such a way that the forest fire detection unit automatically avoids the obstacles during the movement.

[0083] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection system comprises a forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection station is a weatherproof station for accommodating the forest fire detection unit. In a further development of the invention, the forest fire detection unit can be coupled to the forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection station is configured to be connected, for example, to an energy storage device of the forest fire detection unit in order to supply the energy storage device of the forest fire detection unit with electrical energy.

[0084] In a further embodiment of the invention, data, energy, and / or extinguishing agents are exchangeable between the forest fire detection unit and the forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection station is configured to be connected, for example, to an energy storage unit of the forest fire detection unit in order to supply the energy storage unit of the forest fire detection unit with electrical energy. Additionally, the forest fire detection unit is filled with extinguishing agent. Alternatively, infrasound can also be used to extinguish the fire.

[0085] The object is also achieved by the method according to the invention for detecting and / or locating a forest fire. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also set forth in the subclaims.

[0086] The method according to the invention for detecting and / or locating a forest fire comprises three method steps: In the first method step, a forest fire is detected in a forest area. For this purpose, a plurality of forest fire detection sensors are used, which are preferably arranged in a network.

[0087] In the second step, the fire source is located. Localization is carried out using a triangulation method, for example. In the third step, the fire source is automatically detected and / or located. For this purpose, a forest fire detection unit is used, preferably one that is airborne and equipped with appropriate sensors.

[0088] In a further development of the invention, the source of the fire is detected with a first forest fire detection sensor. The first forest fire detection sensor is mounted in a fixed location, e.g., on a tree in the forest area to be monitored.

[0089] In a further embodiment of the invention, the fire source is located using the data acquired by the first forest fire detection sensor, stored data, wind direction, wind speed, and / or triangulation methods. The sensor units of the first forest fire detection sensor each detect a signal, the source of which is the gases generated by the forest fire, as well as the individual times of detection of the individual signals. Based on these detected signals and the recorded times of their detection, the position of the fire source is determined. Using the wind direction and wind speed, the position can be determined with a low error rate.

[0090] In a further embodiment of the invention, an automatic forest fire detection and / or localization process is initiated after the fire source has been located. The automatic forest fire detection and / or localization process is initiated immediately after the fire source has been located, for example, by using an airworthy drone as a forest fire detection unit. Automatic detection and / or localization of a fire source can therefore begin immediately after the fire has started. Following the localization of the forest fire, forest fire extinguishing optionally follows.

[0091] In a further development of the invention, the start of the forest fire detection and / or localization process involves the activation of a forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit is typically in sleep mode to save energy. The forest fire detection unit is only activated when a signal is received to start a forest fire detection and / or localization process. The forest fire detection unit is optionally also used for forest fire fighting and, in this case, is equipped with an extinguishing agent.

[0092] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit is repositioned after the fire source has been located. The forest fire detection unit is preferably positioned near the fire source in such a way that the fire source can be detected and / or located.

[0093] In a further embodiment of the invention, the positioning of the forest fire detection unit is based on the location of the fire source. The forest fire detection unit is preferably positioned near the fire source so that it can be detected and / or located. For this purpose, the position of the fire source must be known as accurately as possible. The sensor units of the first forest fire detection sensor detect and locate the fire source and transmit the position data to the forest fire detection unit.

[0094] In a further development of the invention, a second localization of the fire source is performed prior to the automatic detection and / or localization of the fire source. The second localization is preferably performed using a second forest fire detection sensor positioned near the fire source such that the distance of the second forest fire detection sensor to the fire source is less than the distance of a first forest fire detection sensor at the time of the first detection of the forest fire.

[0095] In a further aspect of the invention, after the second localization of the fire source, a second positioning of the extinguishing unit takes place. Due to the second localization, the second positioning takes place with a higher degree of accuracy than the first positioning of the extinguishing unit. In a further embodiment of the invention, the automatic detection and / or localization of the fire source takes place by positioning the forest fire detection unit above the fire source and / or in its immediate vicinity. Due to the positioning, the automatic detection and localization takes place with a higher degree of accuracy than the first positioning of the forest fire detection unit. For this purpose, the current position of the forest fire fighting unit is determined, for example, using GPS.Furthermore, for the automatic detection and / or localization of the fire source by positioning the forest fire detection unit, a different sensor than the first forest fire detection sensor is used. This is preferably an IR camera.

[0096] The object is further achieved with the forest fire detection device according to the invention. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also set forth in the subclaims.

[0097] The forest fire detection device according to the invention comprises a fire sensor, a locating system, and an automatic detection unit. A plurality of forest fire detection sensors, arranged, for example, in a network, are configured to detect a forest fire and / or a fire source. The locating system is suitable and intended to determine the position of the fire source. Localization is performed, for example, using a triangulation method. The automatic detection unit comprises suitable sensors for detecting a fire source. The automatic detection unit is preferably part of an airworthy drone that automatically detects a fire source.

[0098] In a further development of the invention, the fire sensor, the location system, and / or the automatic detection unit are arranged in a movable manner. The automatic detection unit is preferably part of an airworthy drone that automatically detects and locates a forest fire, and optionally also fights the source of the fire. In a further embodiment of the invention, the fire sensor, the location system, and / or the automatic detection unit are part of a motorized vehicle. The automatic detection unit is preferably part of an airworthy drone that automatically detects and locates a forest fire, and optionally also fights the source of the fire.

[0099] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection device comprises a forest fire detection unit and / or a forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection station is a weatherproof station for accommodating the forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit comprises the fire sensor and / or the locating system.

[0100] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit comprises the second sensor, a drive unit, a power unit, a navigation unit, a steering unit, a control unit, and / or a communication unit. The forest fire detection unit is preferably an airworthy drone that automatically detects and locates a fire source.

[0101] The object is also achieved by the method according to the invention for detecting and / or locating a forest fire. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also set forth in the subclaims.

[0102] The inventive method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire comprises three method steps: In the first method step, information is received. The information includes, for example, the detection of a forest fire, its position, and, if applicable, its propagation speed and direction. In the second method step, a forest fire detection unit is autonomously positioned based on the received information. In the third method step, the source of the fire is detected and / or located with the forest fire detection unit, for example, by using an airworthy drone as the forest fire detection unit. Detection and / or localization of a fire source can therefore begin immediately after the fire has occurred.

[0103] In a further development of the invention, the information includes position data, in particular the position of a forest fire and the position of a forest fire detection unit.

[0104] In a further embodiment of the invention, the information is sent for reception by a terminal device and / or a central server and / or received by a forest fire detection device. The central server is, for example, a network server of a LoRaWAN mesh gateway network in which a plurality of forest fire detection sensors are arranged. The forest fire detection device has a forest fire detection unit.

[0105] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection device comprises a forest fire detection station and / or a forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection station is a weatherproof station for accommodating the forest fire detection unit.

[0106] In a further embodiment of the invention, the route is determined from the vehicle's own position data and the target position data. For this purpose, a route is determined, for example, on the network server. The route includes the current position of the forest fire detection unit as part of the forest fire detection station, as well as the position of the target area, in particular the position of the fire source.

[0107] In a further aspect of the invention, the forest fire detection unit is decoupled from a forest fire detection station. In standby mode, the forest fire detection unit is immovably coupled to the forest fire detection station. In a further development of the invention, the motor of the forest fire detection unit is started. The motor is preferably an electric motor that is supplied with electrical energy by means of an energy storage device (battery).

[0108] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit is moved along a specific route by motor. The route includes the current position of the forest fire detection unit as part of the forest fire detection station as well as the position of the target area, in particular the source of the fire.

[0109] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit detects obstacles along a route. Obstacles include, for example, trees in the forest being monitored that may appear during the movement of the forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit is therefore able to avoid these obstacles.

[0110] In a further development of the invention, the forest fire detection unit determines an alternative route to the target. The forest fire detection unit has a control unit that determines the alternative route based on the detected obstacles, the current position of the forest fire detection unit, and the target position.

[0111] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit continues the motorized movement along the alternative route. Detection of obstacles, determination of an alternative route, and motorized movement along the alternative route are continuously repeated and executed during the movement of the forest fire detection unit.

[0112] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit detects the source of the fire after reaching the target area. Based on the initial detection and localization of the forest fire, a forest fire detection unit is positioned near the source of the fire in such a way that the forest fire detection unit detects the source of the fire using a suitable sensor, preferably an infrared camera.

[0113] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit locates the source of the fire after reaching the target area. Based on the initial detection and localization of the forest fire, a forest fire detection unit is positioned near the source of the fire in such a way that the forest fire detection unit detects the source of the fire using a suitable sensor, preferably an infrared camera.

[0114] In an advantageous development of the invention, the forest fire detection unit extinguishes the fire source by ejecting extinguishing agents. Alternatively, infrasound can also be used as the extinguishing agent. The forest fire detection unit has an extinguishing agent reservoir. The extinguishing agent can be, for example, water or a foam extinguishing agent.

[0115] In a further embodiment of the invention, a control unit of the forest fire detection unit generates and / or executes control commands for detecting a fire source, locating a fire source, moving the forest fire detection unit, navigating the forest fire detection unit, steering the forest fire detection unit, and / or ejecting extinguishing agents. The control unit is designed as a microcontroller and includes memory and a microprocessor with control software.

[0116] In a further embodiment of the invention, one or more of the preceding method steps are carried out autonomously. The forest fire detection unit is preferably unmanned and designed as an autonomously controllable and flight-capable drone. Detection and extinguishing of a fire source can therefore occur within a short time window after detection of the fire source. This object is also achieved with the inventive method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also set forth in the subclaims.

[0117] The inventive method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station comprises three method steps: In the first method step, information is received. The information includes, for example, the detection of a forest fire, its position, and, if applicable, its propagation speed and direction. In the second method step, a forest fire detection unit is decoupled from a forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection station is a weatherproof station for accommodating the forest fire detection unit. In idle mode, the forest fire detection unit is immovably coupled to the forest fire detection station. In the third method step, the source of the fire is detected and / or located using the forest fire detection unit, for example, by using an airworthy drone as the forest fire detection unit.Detection and / or localization of a fire source can therefore begin immediately after detection of a fire source.

[0118] In a further embodiment of the invention, the information is forwarded from the forest fire detection unit to the forest fire detection station and / or from the forest fire detection station to the forest fire detection unit.

[0119] In a further development of the invention, the information includes position data, in particular the position of a forest fire and the position of a

[0120] Forest fire detection unit.

[0121] In a further embodiment of the invention, the position information includes the position of a detected forest fire or the position of the sensors detecting the forest fire. The sensors detecting the forest fire are typically arranged in a fixed location, e.g., on a tree in the forest to be monitored. The positions of the sensors detecting the forest fire are stored on a network server, for example, after being determined using GNSS or triangulation.

[0122] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection process includes positioning a forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit is positioned near the fire source such that the distance of the forest fire detection unit to the fire source is less than the distance of the sensors detecting the forest fire.

[0123] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection process comprises the acquisition of sensor data from a sensor of the forest fire detection unit. The sensor is preferably an infrared camera that captures a thermal image of the fire source. Additionally, sensors for gas analysis can be arranged in the forest fire detection unit.

[0124] In a further development of the invention, the forest fire detection process includes locating the position of the forest fire using the forest fire detection unit. The source of the fire is thus more precisely located and can be fought in a targeted manner.

[0125] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection process comprises fighting the forest fire with an extinguishing agent. The forest fire detection unit comprises an extinguishing agent, e.g., water or a foam extinguishing agent, or a unit for generating infrasound.

[0126] In a further embodiment of the invention, the extinguishing agent is ejected from the forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit contains an extinguishing agent, e.g., water or a foam extinguishing agent, which is ejected. Depending on the extent of the fire source and its direction and speed of spread, the extinguishing agent can be ejected multiple times. In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit returns to the forest fire detection station after ejecting the extinguishing agent. At the forest fire detection station, the forest fire detection unit can be refilled and refueled with extinguishing agent.

[0127] In a further development of the invention, the forest fire detection unit connects to the forest fire detection station after returning to the forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection unit is placed into sleep mode to save energy.

[0128] In a further embodiment of the invention, coupling involves connecting the forest fire detection unit to the forest fire detection station. By coupling the unit to the forest fire detection station, the forest fire detection unit can be recharged and refueled with extinguishing agent, data and information can be exchanged, and a software update can be performed if necessary.

[0129] In a further embodiment of the invention, the connection of the forest fire detection unit to the forest fire detection station includes a connection of the forest fire detection unit to a power supply. The forest fire detection unit is preferably an airworthy drone with an electric drive. The forest fire detection unit can be re-supplied with electrical energy via a power supply arranged in the forest fire detection station.

[0130] In a further development of the invention, the forest fire detection unit is fueled with energy. The forest fire detection unit is preferably a flight-capable drone with an electric drive. The forest fire detection unit can be re-supplied with electrical energy via a power supply located in the forest fire detection station. In a further development of the invention, the connection of the forest fire detection unit to the forest fire detection station includes a connection of the forest fire detection unit to an extinguishing agent reservoir. The extinguishing agent is, for example, water or a foam extinguishing agent, which is stored in detachable containers in the forest fire detection station.

[0131] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit is loaded with extinguishing agent. The extinguishing agent is, for example, water or a foam extinguishing agent, which is stored in detachable containers in the forest fire detection station or is ejected directly. After the fire source has been detected, the forest fire detection unit is reloaded with extinguishing agent and is ready for use again.

[0132] In a further development of the invention, decoupling involves disconnecting a connection to the energy (power) supply. The forest fire detection unit is preferably a flight-capable drone with an electric drive, which is powered by a rechargeable energy storage device (battery) arranged in the forest fire detection unit.

[0133] This object is also achieved with the autonomous forest fire detection unit according to the invention. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also set forth in the subclaims.

[0134] The autonomous forest fire detection unit according to the invention comprises a navigation unit, an autonomous control unit, and a localization unit. The navigation unit comprises navigation sensors for detecting objects in the environment. The navigation sensors particularly detect obstacles that may occur during movement of the forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit is therefore able to avoid these obstacles. The control unit is designed as a microcontroller and comprises a memory and microprocessor with control software. The localization unit comprises suitable sensors for localizing a forest fire. This is preferably an IR sensor and / or an IR camera.

[0135] In a further development of the invention, the autonomous forest fire detection unit has a drive. The autonomous forest fire detection unit is preferably a flight-capable drone that automatically detects a fire source. The drive is preferably electric and has an electric motor and a rotor with which the autonomous forest fire detection unit can be driven.

[0136] In a further embodiment of the invention, the autonomous forest fire detection unit has a controllable steering system. The autonomous forest fire detection unit can be steered by pivoting the rotors and varying the speed of the individual drive motors.

[0137] In a further embodiment of the invention, the autonomous forest fire detection unit comprises a detection unit designed and adapted to detect a fire source. The detection preferably uses an image acquisition method, preferably a thermal image of the fire source.

[0138] In a further embodiment of the invention, the detection unit comprises a detection sensor unit designed and suitable for detecting a forest fire. Preferably, the detection uses an image acquisition method, preferably a thermal image of the fire source.

[0139] In a further aspect of the invention, the detection unit comprises a location sensor unit designed and suitable for locating a forest fire. The location sensor unit can be used to determine the position of the fire source relative to the location sensor unit of the forest fire detection unit. Additionally, the position of the location sensor unit of the forest fire detection unit can be determined using a navigation satellite system, e.g., GPS.

[0140] In a further embodiment of the invention, the location sensor unit, the detection sensor unit, the drive, the controllable steering system, the navigation unit, the navigation sensors, and / or the communication unit are coupled to the autonomous control unit. The control unit of the forest fire detection unit executes control commands for detecting a fire source, locating a fire source, moving the forest fire detection unit, navigating the forest fire detection unit, steering the forest fire detection unit, and / or ejecting extinguishing agents. The control unit is designed as a microcontroller and includes memory and a microprocessor with control software.

[0141] In a further embodiment of the invention, the autonomous control unit has a memory in which a program executable by the autonomous control unit is stored, which program enables the autonomous operation of the autonomous forest fire detection unit.

[0142] In a further embodiment of the invention, the autonomous control unit has a software program for controlling an autonomous forest fire detection unit.

[0143] This object is also achieved with the forest fire detection station according to the invention. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also set forth in the subclaims.

[0144] The forest fire detection station according to the invention comprises a receiving device, a power source, and a receptacle for a mobile forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection station is configured to accommodate the forest fire detection unit and has all-round weather protection, which is designed to be opened and closed at the top. The top has an energy conversion device. An energy storage device (battery) is arranged on the bottom, which is charged with electrical energy by the energy conversion device.

[0145] In a further development of the invention, the forest fire detection station comprises a receiver, an energy source, and / or an extinguishing device. The receiver is configured to receive information, in particular regarding the position of a detected fire source. The energy source is preferably a photovoltaic system with an energy storage device. The extinguishing device comprises a plurality of droppable containers containing an extinguishing agent, e.g., a foam extinguishing agent. Alternatively, the extinguishing agent is dropped directly.

[0146] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection station comprises a mobile forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit is preferably designed as an autonomously flight-capable drone and has a drive unit with a plurality of rotors driven by motors. The motors are typically electric motors and are powered by a rechargeable energy storage device (battery).

[0147] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection station and / or the forest fire detection unit comprises an extinguishing agent reservoir. The extinguishing agent reservoir comprises a plurality of detachable containers containing an extinguishing agent, e.g., a foam extinguishing agent, which can be arranged in the mobile forest fire detection unit. Alternatively, the extinguishing agent is pumped into a tank of the forest fire detection unit.

[0148] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection station and / or the forest fire detection unit comprises a power connection and / or an energy conversion device. The energy source is preferably a photovoltaic system with an energy storage device; the forest fire detection station can therefore be arranged independently of a power supply.

[0149] In a further development of the invention, the forest fire detection station and / or the forest fire detection unit comprises an energy storage device. The energy storage device (battery) is charged with electrical energy by the energy conversion device.

[0150] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection station comprises weather protection for the forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit and the components located in the forest fire detection station are thus protected from the effects of the weather.

[0151] In a further aspect of the invention, the forest fire detection station comprises a receptacle for the forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit can be coupled to the forest fire detection station via the receptacle. The receptacle is configured to be connected to the energy storage device of the forest fire detection unit in order to charge the energy storage device of the forest fire detection unit with electrical energy.

[0152] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection station and / or the forest fire detection unit comprises a control unit. The control unit has a memory in which an executable program is stored that enables the operation of the forest fire detection station.

[0153] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection station and / or the forest fire detection unit comprises a communications unit. The communications unit receives information, e.g., position data of a detected fire source, and transmits information, e.g., data about the status of the forest fire detection station.

[0154] The object is also achieved by the inventive method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also set forth in the subclaims.

[0155] The inventive method for detecting and / or extinguishing a forest fire using a forest fire detection station comprises four method steps: In the first method step, information is received. The information includes, for example, the detection of a forest fire, its position, and, if applicable, its propagation speed and direction. In the second method step, a control command is generated. The control command contains the received information and commands for detecting a forest fire. In the third method step, a control command and / or information is sent. In the fourth method step, a forest fire detection process is executed.

[0156] In a further development of the invention, information is received on a server unit. The server unit is part of a network for detecting and sensing a forest fire. The network is preferably a LoRaWAN network with a star-shaped architecture in which message packets are exchanged between the first forest fire detection sensors and a central server unit via gateways.

[0157] In a further embodiment of the invention, the information is sent from a terminal device. The forest fire detection sensor is part of a terminal device and is located within it. The terminal devices are connected to gateways via a single-hop connection. In a further embodiment of the invention, the information is sent via a network. The network is preferably a LoRaWAN network with a star-shaped architecture in which message packets are exchanged between the terminal devices and a central server unit via gateways.

[0158] In a further embodiment of the invention, the information includes the result of an analysis. The analysis is, for example, a gas analysis and a recording of the temperature of the gases produced during a forest fire. In addition to heavy smoke, a forest fire produces a variety of gases, particularly carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. The type and concentration of these gases are characteristic of a forest fire and can be detected using suitable sensors.

[0159] In a further embodiment of the invention, the analysis is carried out using measurement data from a sensor. The sensor is, for example, a sensor array for gas analysis, for detecting the temperature of the gases, and for detecting the prevailing wind direction and speed.

[0160] In a further aspect of the invention, the measurement data is recorded on the terminal device. The sensor is part of a terminal device and is arranged therein.

[0161] In a further development of the invention, the analysis is performed on the terminal device or the server unit. A software program is stored in the server unit's memory, allowing the analysis to be performed automatically.

[0162] In a further embodiment of the invention, the control command or information for generating a control command is generated from the information. The control command initiates the detection of a forest fire. In a further embodiment of the invention, the control command or the information for generating a control command is sent. The control command, preferably generated on the server unit, is sent to the forest fire detection device via an IP connection and cable.

[0163] In a further embodiment of the invention, the control command or information for generating a control command is sent from the server unit to the forest fire detection device. The control command, preferably generated on the server unit, is sent to the forest fire detection device via an IP connection and cable, initiating the process for detecting a detected forest fire.

[0164] In a further development of the invention, transmission takes place via a network. The network is preferably a LoRaWAN network with a star-shaped architecture in which message packets are exchanged between the first forest fire detection sensors and a central server unit via gateways.

[0165] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection process comprises a first positioning of a forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit is positioned near the source of the fire in such a way that the forest fire detection unit detects the source of the fire using a suitable sensor, preferably an infrared camera.

[0166] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection process includes locating the fire source. The forest fire detection unit is positioned near the fire source in such a way that the forest fire detection unit detects and locates the fire source using a suitable sensor, preferably an infrared camera. In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection process includes ejecting a forest fire detection agent. The extinguishing agent is dropped by the forest fire detection unit onto or within a radius of the fire source. Alternatively, the forest fire can also be extinguished using infrasound.

[0167] This object is also achieved with the forest fire detection system according to the invention. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also set forth in the subclaims.

[0168] The forest fire detection system according to the invention comprises a network device, a server unit, and a gateway. The forest fire early warning system comprises a mesh gateway network that utilizes LoRaWAN network technology. The LoRaWAN network has a star-shaped architecture in which message packets are exchanged between the sensors and a central internet network server via gateways.

[0169] The wildfire detection system comprises a multitude of sensors connected to gateways via a single-hop connection. These gateways are typically front-end gateways. The front-end gateways are interconnected and, in some cases, connected to border gateways. A border gateway can also be combined with a front-end gateway to form a mesh gateway device. The border gateways are connected to the internet network server, either via a wired connection or via a wireless connection using Internet Protocol.

[0170] The forest fire detection system according to the invention also has a first terminal, wherein the first terminal has a sensor unit.

[0171] The forest fire detection system according to the invention additionally comprises a second terminal, wherein the second terminal comprises a forest fire detection element. In a further development of the invention, the network is a LoRaWAN network with a server, gateway, a first terminal, and a second terminal different from the first terminal. The second terminal is preferably a forest fire detection unit comprising a sensor for detecting a forest fire and a device for detecting a forest fire.

[0172] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first terminal comprises a sensor unit and / or the second terminal comprises a forest fire detection unit. The second terminal is preferably a forest fire detection unit that comprises a sensor for detecting a forest fire and a device for detecting a forest fire.

[0173] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first terminal is arranged in a fixed location, e.g. on a tree in the forest to be monitored.

[0174] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first terminal device comprises a sensor for forest fire detection, a communication device, an energy storage device, and / or an energy conversion device. The first terminal device can thus be operated independently and connected to the central network server via the communication device. The sensor is a sensor for gas analysis, for detecting the temperature of the gases, and for detecting the prevailing wind direction and speed.

[0175] In a further embodiment of the invention, the second terminal is movable, e.g., a flight-capable drone.

[0176] In a further embodiment of the invention, the second terminal device comprises a sensor for forest fire detection, a navigation device, a drive, and / or an energy storage device. The navigation sensors comprise one or a plurality of cameras and / or time-of-flight sensors that detect obstacles during the movement of the second terminal device. The second terminal device is therefore capable of avoiding these obstacles.

[0177] In one development of the invention, the sensor of the first terminal is different from the sensor of the second terminal. The first detection of the forest fire by means of the first terminal is preferably carried out by detecting and analyzing the gases (smoke) produced during a forest fire and their temperature. The second detection uses a different method than the first detection, e.g., an image-capturing method or a method for detecting particles. Using an image-capturing method, the source of the fire can be detected more precisely; in particular, the extent of the source of the fire and its direction of spread can be recorded more precisely. The image-capturing method preferably generates a thermal image of the source of the fire.

[0178] In a further embodiment of the invention, the network comprises a central server. An executable program that controls the detection of a forest fire is stored in memory on the central server.

[0179] In a further embodiment of the invention, the network comprises multiple gateways, wherein the gateways are mesh gateways and / or border gateways. Message packets are exchanged between the sensors and a central internet network server via gateways. The mesh gateways are interconnected and, in some cases, connected to border gateways. The border gateways are connected to the internet network server either via a wired connection or via a wireless connection using internet protocol.

[0180] This object is also achieved with the forest fire detection unit according to the invention. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also set out in the subclaims. The forest fire detection unit according to the invention has a drive and a detection unit that is intended and suitable for detecting a fire source. The forest fire detection unit is preferably designed as an autonomous, flight-capable drone and, for this purpose, has a drive unit with a plurality of rotors driven by motors. The motors are usually electric motors and are powered by a rechargeable energy storage device (battery). The detection unit is preferably an infrared camera for capturing thermal images. Furthermore, the forest fire detection unit according to the invention has a navigation unit and a localization unit. The localization unit has suitable sensors for localizing the forest fire.The navigation unit detects objects in the vicinity of the forest fire detection unit.

[0181] In a further development of the invention, the detection unit comprises a detection sensor unit designed and suitable for detecting a forest fire. The detection unit is preferably an infrared camera for capturing thermal images.

[0182] In a further embodiment of the invention, the detection unit comprises a location sensor unit designed and suitable for locating a forest fire. The location sensor unit can be used to determine the position of the fire source relative to the location sensor unit of the forest fire detection unit. Additionally, the position of the location sensor unit of the forest fire detection unit can be determined using a navigation satellite system, e.g., GPS.

[0183] In a further embodiment of the invention, the location sensor unit is coupled to a control unit. The control unit has a program stored in a memory for automatically locating a forest fire. In a further embodiment of the invention, the detection unit is coupled to the control unit. The control unit has a program stored in a memory for automatically detecting a forest fire.

[0184] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit has a flight drive. The forest fire detection unit is designed as an autonomous, flight-capable drone and, for this purpose, has a drive unit with a plurality of motor-driven rotors.

[0185] The object is also achieved by the inventive method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are also set forth in the subclaims.

[0186] The inventive method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station comprises three method steps: In the first method step, information is received. The information includes, for example, the detection of a forest fire, its position, and, if applicable, its propagation speed and direction. In the second method step, a forest fire detection unit is decoupled from a forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection station is a weatherproof station for accommodating the forest fire detection unit. In idle mode, the forest fire detection unit is immovably coupled to the forest fire detection station. In the third method step, a forest fire detection process for detecting and / or locating a forest fire is initiated, for example, by using an airworthy drone as the forest fire detection unit.Detection and / or localization of a fire source can therefore begin immediately after detection of a fire source.

[0187] In a further development of the invention, the forest fire detection process includes starting the forest fire detection unit. In standby mode, the forest fire detection unit is immovably coupled to the forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection unit is designed as an autonomous, flight-capable drone and is launched from the forest fire detection station at the beginning of the forest fire detection process.

[0188] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection process comprises moving the forest fire detection unit to a first position. The forest fire detection unit is positioned near the source of the fire in such a way that the forest fire detection unit detects the source of the fire using a suitable sensor, preferably an infrared camera, and detection of the forest fire is enabled.

[0189] In a further embodiment of the invention, the first position after moving the forest fire detection unit is at a different distance from the forest fire than the forest fire detection station. Typically, the distance of the forest fire detection station from the forest fire is greater than the distance of the forest fire detection unit from the forest fire.

[0190] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection process comprises the detection of a forest fire by the forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit detects the source of the fire using a sensor, e.g., an infrared camera.

[0191] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection process comprises the location of a forest fire by the forest fire detection unit. The position of the fire source relative to the location sensor unit of the forest fire detection unit can be determined using the location sensor unit of the forest fire detection unit.

[0192] In a further development of the invention, the location is carried out by an image-capturing method, preferably a thermal image of the source of the fire is captured.

[0193] In a further embodiment of the invention, after the forest fire has been located by the forest fire detection unit, the forest fire detection unit is moved to a second position. In the second position, the forest fire detection unit is positioned such that detection of a forest fire is possible.

[0194] In a further embodiment of the invention, the extinguishing process takes place after the forest fire detection unit has reached its first and / or second position. For this purpose, an extinguishing agent located in the forest fire detection unit is ejected, for example.

[0195] In a further development of the invention, the extinguishing process is repeated several times. Depending on the extent of the fire source and its direction and speed of spread, the extinguishing process is repeated several times to completely extinguish the forest fire.

[0196] In a further embodiment of the invention, after completing an extinguishing process, the forest fire detection unit is moved to the forest fire detection station. After detecting the source of the fire, in particular after dropping the extinguishing agent, the forest fire detection unit returns to the forest fire detection station to be refueled and filled with extinguishing agent. The refueling can be in the form of energy, for example, if the forest fire is being fought with infrasound.

[0197] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit is coupled to the forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection unit is coupled to the forest fire detection station in such a way that the forest fire detection unit is connected to the power supply of the forest fire detection station.

[0198] In an advantageous development of the invention, after the forest fire detection station is coupled to the forest fire detection unit, the forest fire detection unit charges energy and / or extinguishing agent from the forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection unit is fueled with electrical energy. Furthermore, the forest fire detection unit is connected to the extinguishing agent reservoir of the forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection unit is also charged with extinguishing agent.

[0199] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection system comprises a forest fire detection station. The forest fire detection station is a weatherproof station for accommodating the forest fire detection unit.

[0200] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit comprises the second sensor, a drive unit, an energy unit, a navigation unit, a steering unit, a control unit, a communication unit, and / or a localization unit. The forest fire detection unit is preferably an airworthy drone that automatically detects a fire source.

[0201] In a further development of the invention, the navigation unit has navigation sensors for detecting objects in the surrounding area. The navigation sensors particularly detect obstacles that may occur during movement of the forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection unit is therefore able to avoid these obstacles.

[0202] In a further aspect of the invention, the navigation sensors are cameras and / or time-of-flight sensors. The navigation sensors comprise one or a plurality of cameras and / or time-of-flight sensors that detect obstacles during the movement of the forest fire detection unit. The obstacles are detected, recognized, and analyzed by the control unit arranged in the forest fire detection unit such that the forest fire detection unit automatically avoids the obstacles during the movement.

[0203] In a further embodiment of the invention, the time-of-flight sensors are radar, ultrasonic, and / or LiDAR sensors. The navigation sensors comprise one or more cameras and / or time-of-flight sensors (e.g., radar, ultrasonic, LiDAR) that detect obstacles during the movement of the forest fire detection unit. The obstacles are detected, recognized, and analyzed by the control unit arranged in the forest fire detection unit in such a way that the forest fire detection unit automatically avoids the obstacles during the movement.

[0204] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit is autonomously controllable. The forest fire detection unit is preferably unmanned and enables automatic and / or autonomous detection of a fire source.

[0205] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit has an extinguishing agent reservoir. The extinguishing agent is, for example, water or a foam extinguishing agent.

[0206] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection unit has a dispensing and / or ejection device for extinguishing agent. The extinguishing agent is ejected from the extinguishing agent reservoir onto the source of the fire.

[0207] In a further embodiment of the invention, the forest fire detection station has a receptacle intended and suitable for accommodating the forest fire detection unit. The forest fire detection station is configured to be connected, for example, to an energy storage device of the forest fire detection unit in order to supply the energy storage device of the forest fire detection unit with electrical energy.

[0208] In a further aspect of the invention, the forest fire detection station comprises a control unit, a weather protection device, an energy storage device, an extinguishing agent reservoir, and / or a communications unit. The forest fire detection station is configured to be connected, for example, to an energy storage device of the forest fire detection unit in order to supply the energy storage device of the forest fire detection unit with electrical energy. Additionally, the forest fire detection unit is filled with extinguishing agent.

[0209] In a further development of the invention, the information includes position data, in particular the position of a forest fire and the position of a forest fire detection unit.

[0210] Embodiments of the method according to the invention for the autonomous detection and / or localization of a forest fire and of the forest fire detection system according to the invention are shown in a simplified schematic form in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description.

[0211] They show:

[0212] Fig. 1 : Forest fire detection system

[0213] Fig. 2: Detailed view of the forest fire detection system according to the invention

[0214] Fig. 3: Forest fire detection unit

[0215] Fig. 4: Forest fire detection device

[0216] Fig. 5: Forest fire detection device open

[0217] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a forest fire detection system 1 according to the invention, arranged in a forest W to be monitored. The LoRaWAN mesh gateway network 1 has a mesh gateway network 1 that uses the technology of a LoRaWAN network. The LoRaWAN network 1 has a star-shaped architecture in which message packets are exchanged between the first forest fire detection sensors ED and a central internet network server NS via gateways. The first forest fire detection sensor is part of a terminal device ED and is arranged therein. In this document, terminal device ED and first forest fire detection sensor are therefore used synonymously with the same reference numeral. The LoRaWAN mesh gateway network 1 has a plurality of first forest fire detection sensors ED, which are connected to gateways G via a single-hop connection FSK. The gateways G are typically mesh gateways MGD.The mesh gateways (MGDs) are interconnected and, in some cases, connected to border gateways (BGDs). The border gateways (BGDs) are connected to the internet network server (NS) either via a wired connection (WN) or via a wireless connection using the Internet Protocol (IP).

[0218] A plurality of forest fire detection devices 100 are arranged in and around the forest W. Each forest fire detection device 100 has a forest fire detection station 200 and a mobile forest fire detection unit 300 (see Fig. 4).

[0219] For autonomous detection of a forest fire, the first detection of a forest fire is carried out by one or more of the fixed first forest fire detection sensors (ED). The first forest fire detection sensor (ED) has a sensor array for gas analysis, for measuring the temperature of the gases, and for measuring the prevailing wind direction and speed. Alternatively or additionally, the sensor array can also record or receive signals on the prevailing wind direction from external measuring devices.

[0220] In the next step, the forest fire is located using an initial localization process. The initial localization is performed using the first forest fire detection sensor ED, which detects the forest fire. In other words, the position of the forest fire detection sensor ED, which detects the forest fire, marks the location of the forest fire. Furthermore, the initial localization is performed using a plurality of first forest fire detection sensors ED: A plurality of end devices ED each detects a signal, the source of which is the gases generated by the forest fire, as well as the individual times of detection of the three individual signals. Based on these three detected signals and the recorded times of their detection, the position of the forest fire is determined. In addition, the wind speed and direction are included in the initial localization of the forest fire, which can be detected using the first forest fire detection sensor ED.

[0221] To perform the initial localization, the position of each forest fire detection sensor (ED) must be known as precisely as possible. Position determination can be performed, for example, during the installation of the first forest fire detection sensor (ED). The first forest fire detection sensor (ED) can be placed on a tree in the forest to be monitored, and the position of the first forest fire detection sensor (ED) can be determined once using a navigation satellite system, such as GPS (Global Positioning System). A commercially available GPS system or a smartphone can be used for this purpose.

[0222] It is also possible to determine the position of a first forest fire detection sensor ED using a suitable receiver. The first forest fire detection sensor ED receives signals from at least four, usually six, sources for positioning purposes. When using the GPS navigation satellite system, these are radio signals on the Li frequency (1575.42 MHz). The sources are satellites that continuously transmit their current position and the exact time. The determined position of the first forest fire detection sensor ED is stored on the network server NS and, optionally, also permanently stored in the control unit of the first forest fire detection sensor ED whose position was determined in this way. Alternatively or additionally, the position of a first forest fire detection sensor ED can be determined continuously or at intervals using the navigation satellite system.The position of a first forest fire detection sensor ED is then regularly checked and updated. The network server NS has a first controller in the form of a software program stored on a memory, by means of which the position of a fire source can be determined. Based on the initial localization of the forest fire by means of the first forest fire detection sensors ED, a second forest fire detection sensor 330 is positioned near the fire source such that the distance of the second forest fire detection sensor 330 to the fire source is less than the distance of a first forest fire detection sensor ED at the time of the first detection of the forest fire. For this purpose, the second forest fire detection sensor 330 is arranged in a movable and autonomously controllable, airborne forest fire detection unit 300 (see Fig. 3). The forest fire detection unit 300 is arranged as part of a forest fire detection device 100 (see Fig. 4, 5) in a forest fire detection station 200.

[0223] Before, during, and after positioning the second forest fire detection sensor 330 near the forest fire, a second detection is performed using the second forest fire detection sensor 330. A different method than the first detection is used for the second detection: While the first detection uses the first forest fire detection sensor ED to perform a gas analysis and measure the temperature of the gases, the second detection uses an image acquisition method, preferably capturing a thermal image of the fire source.

[0224] A second localization of the fire source is performed using the second forest fire detection sensor 330. For this purpose, the measured values ​​acquired by the second forest fire detection sensor 330, in particular the thermal image of the fire source, are used. The forest fire detection unit 300 has a positioning system (see Fig. 3) with which the position of the fire source is determined relative to the positioning system of the forest fire detection unit 300. In addition, the position of the positioning system of the forest fire detection unit 300 is determined and continuously updated using a navigation satellite system, e.g., GPS. Alternatively or additionally, a triangulation method is used to determine the distance to stationary elements of the forest fire detection system 1, e.g., the first forest fire detection sensors ED and / or the gateways G, MGD, BGD.This second localization of the fire source is advantageously more precise than the first localization of the fire source by means of the first forest fire detection sensors ED. The fire source is therefore more precisely localized and can be fought in a targeted manner. In addition to the second localization of the fire source, the forest fire detection unit 300 transmits additional information, e.g., about the extent of the fire source, to the network server NS, in addition to the first localization, either via a direct connection between the forest fire detection unit 300 and the internet network server NS and / or via a connection between the forest fire detection unit 300 and one or more gateways G, MGD, BGD. The forest fire detection unit 300 has a second controller and a communication unit for this purpose.

[0225] The positioning of the second forest fire detection sensor 330, the second detection, and the second localization of the fire source are typically performed multiple times over a period of time. The position, extent, and propagation direction and speed of the fire source are therefore continuously recorded and updated.

[0226] After the second localization, the forest fire is detected and / or extinguished using the forest fire detection unit 300. The forest fire detection unit 300 has an extinguishing unit 310 (see Fig. 3) for this purpose. The extinguishing unit 310 has an extinguishing agent, e.g., water or a foam extinguishing agent, which is ejected. Depending on the extent of the fire source and its direction and speed of spread, the extinguishing agent can be ejected multiple times. In particular, the extinguishing agent 310 can be ejected in different directions to contain the fire source or extinguish it efficiently.

[0227] The positioning of the second forest fire detection sensor 330, the second detection and second localization of the fire source, and the forest fire detection and / or extinguishing can also be carried out simultaneously and in parallel using a plurality of forest fire detection units 300, depending on the extent, direction of spread, and speed of the fire source. A detailed view of a forest fire detection system 10 according to the invention is shown in Fig. 2. The forest fire detection system 10 has a plurality of first forest fire detection sensors ED, with eight first forest fire detection sensors ED communicating with a gateway G via a single-hop connection FSK. The gateways FGD are connected to each other and to border gateways BGD. The border gateways BGD are connected to the internet network server NS, either via a wired connection WN or via a wireless connection using the internet protocol IP.A plurality of forest fire detection devices 100 are arranged around the forest to be monitored.

[0228] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the forest fire detection unit 300 according to the invention. The forest fire detection unit 300 is designed as an autonomous, flight-capable drone and, for this purpose, has a drive unit 320 with a plurality of rotors 322 driven by motors 321. The motors 321 are typically electric motors and are powered by a rechargeable energy storage device (battery). The forest fire detection unit 300 is steered by pivoting the rotors 322 and varying the speed of the individual motors 321.

[0229] For the second localization of a fire source, the forest fire detection unit 300 has the second forest fire detection sensor 330, which in this embodiment is an infrared camera. In addition, the forest fire detection unit 300 in this embodiment has a further forest fire detection sensor 340, which is designed as a gas sensor.

[0230] To detect the source of a fire, the forest fire detection unit 300 has the extinguishing unit 310, which has the extinguishing agent receptacle 311 for receiving the extinguishing agent 313. The extinguishing agent 313 can be released by the extinguishing agent ejection device 312 to detect and extinguish the source of a fire. The forest fire detection unit 300 according to the invention also has a navigation sensor 350 that detects objects in the vicinity of the forest fire detection unit 300. The navigation sensor 350 has one or a plurality of cameras and / or time-of-flight sensors (e.g., radar, ultrasound, lidar) that detect obstacles in the path of the forest fire detection unit 300. The obstacles are detected, recognized and analyzed by the control unit arranged in the forest fire detection unit 300 in such a way that the forest fire detection unit 300 automatically avoids the obstacles during its flight.

[0231] All of the above-mentioned components are connected to a second control unit of the forest fire detection unit 300 and are controlled by the second control unit.

[0232] An embodiment of a forest fire detection device 100 is shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. The forest fire detection device 100 has the main components forest fire detection station 200 and the forest fire detection unit 300 (see Fig. 3).

[0233] The forest fire detection station 200 is configured to accommodate the forest fire detection unit 300 and has an all-round weather protection cover 210, which is designed to be openable and closable on the top side. The top side has an energy conversion device 220, which in this embodiment is a photovoltaic system. An energy storage device (battery) 230 is arranged on the bottom side, which is charged with electrical energy by the energy conversion device 220.

[0234] The forest fire detection station 200 has a receptacle 250 for accommodating the forest fire detection unit 300, via which the forest fire detection unit 300 is coupled to the forest fire detection station 200. The receptacle 250 is configured to be connected to the energy storage device of the forest fire detection unit 300 in order to charge the energy storage device of the forest fire detection unit 300 with electrical energy. The extinguishing agent reservoir 240 is arranged on an inclined plane at the bottom of the forest fire detection station 200. In this exemplary embodiment, the extinguishing agent 313 is a foam extinguishing agent filled into a plurality of detachable containers. Such containers are marketed by Rain Industries Inc. One or more containers are dropped onto the fire source by the forest fire detection unit 300; due to the heat generated, the plastic wall of the container bursts and the extinguishing agent 313 is applied.Another possibility is the use of water-filled containers. Alternatively, the forest fire detection unit 300 can have an acoustic cannon as the extinguishing agent 313, which fights a fire using the air pressure fluctuations caused by the sound pressure. The sound waves, with a frequency of 30 to 60 Hz, trigger mechanical vibrations in the area surrounding the fire, which influence both the burning material and the oxygen supply. Extinguishing using an acoustic cannon is particularly sustainable, produces no waste during extinguishing, requires no water or chemicals that may be harmful to forest soil, and can be carried out as long as the energy storage of the forest fire detection unit 300 has energy.

[0235] To detect a forest fire, after the first detection and first localization of a fire source by a fixed first forest fire detection sensor ED (see Fig. 1), the second forest fire detection sensor 330 and thus the forest fire detection unit 300 are moved to the fire source for the purpose of the second detection, the second localization, and the forest fire detection. For this purpose, a route is first determined on the network server NS. The route includes the current position of the forest fire detection unit 300 as part of the forest fire detection station 200 as well as the position of the target area, in particular the fire source. The forest fire detection device 100 has a communication unit that is connected to the network server NS and receives and transmits information about the extent of the fire source and position data.The forest fire detection unit 300 is then decoupled from the forest fire detection station 200, and the motor 321 of the forest fire detection unit 300 is started. At the same time, the weather protection cover 210 of the forest fire detection station 200 is opened (Fig. 5).

[0236] The forest fire detection unit 300 then moves in a motorized manner along the calculated route to the target area of ​​the fire source. The forest fire detection unit 300 continuously detects any obstacles that may occur using the navigation sensor 350. If obstacles are detected, it determines an alternative route to the target area using the second controller. It then continues the motorized movement along the alternative route to the target area. The detection of obstacles, determination of an alternative route, and motorized movement along the alternative route are continuously repeated and executed during the movement of the forest fire detection unit 300.

[0237] In the target area, the second detection and second localization of the fire source, as well as the detection and extinguishing of the fire source, take place by means of the forest fire detection unit 300 by releasing the extinguishing agent 313. The second controller of the forest fire detection unit 300 generates and / or executes control commands for the second detection of a fire source, the second localization of a fire source, the movement of the forest fire detection unit 300, the navigation of the forest fire detection unit 300, the steering of the forest fire detection unit 300, and / or the ejection of extinguishing agent 313.

[0238] The second controller of the forest fire detection unit 300 has a memory in which an executable program is stored by the second controller, enabling the autonomous operation of the autonomous forest fire detection unit. The second detection of the fire source, the second localization of the fire source, and the ejection of the extinguishing agent 313 are advantageously carried out completely or at least partially autonomously using the described inventive method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire. After detecting the fire source, in particular after locating the source and ejecting the extinguishing agent 313, the forest fire detection unit 300 returns to a forest fire detection station 200 and couples to the receptacle 250 such that the forest fire detection unit 300 is connected to the power supply (energy storage device 230) of the forest fire detection station 200. The forest fire detection unit 300 is then supplied with electrical energy.In addition, the forest fire detection unit 300 is connected to the extinguishing agent reservoir 240. The forest fire detection unit 300 is also loaded with extinguishing agent 313. Additionally, the weather protection 210 is closed (Fig. 4), and the forest fire detection station 200 is ready for use again.

[0239] In addition, the forest fire detection station 200 also has a control unit that controls the energy conversion device 220, the supply of the forest fire detection unit 300 with extinguishing agent 313 from the extinguishing agent reservoir 240, the takeoff and landing of the forest fire detection unit 300, and the opening and closing of the weather protection 210.

[0240] B EZ UG S Z EICHENLI ST E

[0241] 1 forest fire detection system

[0242] 10 Lo R a WA N - M es h gateway network

[0243] ED Terminal I First forest fire detection sensor

[0244] G Gateway

[0245] NS Internet Network Server

[0246] IP Internet Protocol

[0247] MHF multi-hop radio network

[0248] MDG Mesh Gateways

[0249] BGD Border Gateway

[0250] FSK FSK modulation

[0251] WN Wired connection

[0252] W Forest

[0253] 100 forest fire detection devices

[0254] 200 forest fire detection stations

[0255] 210 Weather protection

[0256] 220 energy conversion unit

[0257] 230 energy storage units

[0258] 240 extinguishing agent reservoir

[0259] 250 recording for forest fire detection unit

[0260] 300 forest fire detection unit

[0261] 310 extinguishing unit

[0262] 311 Extinguishing agent intake

[0263] 312 Extinguishing agent release device Extinguishing agent Flight drive / drive unit Motor Rotor Second forest fire detection sensor / IR camera Forest fire detection sensor Navigation sensor

Claims

PATENTA NSPRÜCHE Forest fire detection unit with • a drive • a detection unit that is designed and suitable for detecting a fire source • a navigation unit • a localization unit designed and suitable for locating a fire source. Forest fire detection unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the detection unit comprises a detection sensor unit designed and suitable for detecting a forest fire. Forest fire detection unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the detection unit comprises a location sensor unit designed and suitable for locating a forest fire. Forest fire detection unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the location sensor unit is suitable for locating a forest fire relative to the forest fire detection unit. Forest fire detection unit according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detection unit comprises a control unit, A forest fire detection unit according to claim 5, characterized in that the location sensor unit is coupled to a control unit. A forest fire detection unit according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the detection sensor unit is coupled to the control unit. A forest fire detection unit according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forest fire detection unit has a flight propulsion system. A method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire with a forest fire detection station comprising the following method steps: • Receiving information, • Decoupling a forest fire detection unit from a forest fire detection station • Starting the forest fire detection process for detecting and / or locating the forest fire. Method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire with a forest fire detection station according to claim 9, characterized in that the forest fire detection process includes starting the forest fire detection unit. Method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire with a forest fire detection station according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that The forest fire detection process comprises moving the forest fire detection unit to a first position. A method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire with a forest fire detection station according to claim 11, characterized in that the first position after moving the forest fire detection unit has a different distance to the forest fire than the forest fire detection station. A method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire with a forest fire detection station according to one or more of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the forest fire detection process comprises the detection of a forest fire by the forest fire detection unit. A method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire with a forest fire detection station according to one or more of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the forest fire detection process comprises the locating of a forest fire by the forest fire detection unit.A method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station according to claim 14, characterized in that the locating is carried out by an image-capturing method. A method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, after the forest fire has been located by the forest fire detection unit, the forest fire detection unit is moved to a second position. A method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station according to one or more of claims 9 to 16, characterized in that the locating process takes place after the forest fire detection unit has reached the first and / or second position. A method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station according to one or more of claims 9 to 17, characterized in that the locating process is performed multiple times. A method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station according to one or more of claims 9 to 18, characterized in that, after a locating process has been carried out, the forest fire detection unit is moved to the forest fire detection station.A method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station according to claim 19, characterized in that the forest fire detection unit is coupled to the forest fire detection station. A method for detecting and / or locating a forest fire using a forest fire detection station according to claim 20, characterized in that, after coupling to the forest fire detection station, the forest fire detection unit receives energy and / or extinguishing agent from the forest fire detection station.

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