Cladding element for a building

Abstract

The invention relates to a cladding element (1) for a building or a part of a building, in particular for a roof, wherein the cladding element (1) has a contact surface (2) facing the building during use and an outer structure (8) facing the environment of the building during use, wherein the outer structure (8) is determined by a base material of the cladding element (1). According to the invention, the outer structure (8) has a plurality of reflective surfaces (3) for reflecting sunlight, in particular IR radiation (100), and a plurality of absorption surfaces (4) for the absorption of sunlight, in particular IR radiation (100), wherein the reflective surfaces (3) reflect the sunlight, in particular the IR radiation (100), to a greater degree than the absorption surfaces (4) and / or wherein the absorption surfaces (4) absorb the sunlight, in particular the IR radiation (100), to a greater degree than the reflective surfaces (3). The invention also relates to methods for producing a cladding element (1).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a cladding element for a building or part of a building, in particular a roof, wherein the cladding element has a bearing surface facing the building during use and an outer structure facing the building's surroundings during use, the outer structure being defined by a base material of the cladding element. The invention further relates to a roof clad with the cladding element.

[0002] Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a cladding element for a building or part of a building, in particular for a roof.

[0003] Buildings, especially their roofs, are often fitted with cladding elements to protect them from the elements. Reflective cladding elements, for example, are well-known for preventing excessive heat buildup in the building during the summer.

[0004] Document DE 203 15 042 U1, for example, describes the application of a reflective layer with high specific electrical conductivity to a roof covering.

[0005] However, this also typically reduces the building's natural warming by sunlight during the cooler months, requiring additional heating energy. Furthermore, roofs usually reflect light and can therefore create an unwanted glare effect.

[0006] Document US 3,001,331 therefore proposes, for example, a metal cladding attached in addition to the roof covering, which has a horizontal reflective surface and a vertical absorption surface that absorbs light and heat and is visible from the street.

[0007] A disadvantage of this arrangement is usually that the roof is less weather-resistant due to the large surface area exposed to wind, rain and snow, resulting in a shorter lifespan.

[0008] Document US 2011 / 0000152 A1 shows a cladding element according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0009] The object of the invention is to provide a cladding element of the type mentioned above for a building or part of a building, in particular for a roof, with which cladding element, when used in a building, the heating of the building by solar radiation can be effectively or efficiently regulated in all seasons and which cladding element is particularly weather-resistant and durable.

[0010] Furthermore, it is an objective to specify a method of the aforementioned type for the production of a cladding element for a building or part of a building, in particular for a roof, with which cladding element, when used in a building, efficiently regulates the heating of the building by solar radiation in all seasons and which cladding element is particularly weather-resistant and durable.

[0011] The problem is solved by a cladding element according to claim 1. For a cladding element for a building or a part of a building, in particular for a roof, wherein the cladding element has a bearing surface facing the building during use and an outer structure facing the surroundings of the building during use, wherein the outer structure is defined by a base material of the cladding element, it is provided according to the invention that the outer structure has a plurality of reflective surfaces for reflecting solar radiation, in particular IR radiation, and a plurality of absorption surfaces for absorbing solar radiation, in particular IR radiation, wherein the reflective surfaces reflect the solar radiation, in particular IR radiation, more strongly than the absorption surfaces and / or wherein the absorption surfaces absorb the solar radiation, in particular IR radiation, more strongly than the reflective surfaces.

[0012] The cladding element provides particularly effective and efficient protection for the building against environmental influences in every season. The reflective surfaces reflect solar radiation, especially infrared radiation, thus reducing or preventing the building from overheating in summer. Ideally, the reflective and absorbent surfaces heat up to different degrees during use, creating air turbulence above the cladding element that further contributes to cooling. This is achieved particularly efficiently when the reflective and absorbent surfaces are arranged alternately. The absorbent surfaces absorb solar radiation, especially infrared radiation, and can therefore contribute to natural warming of the building in winter.Solar radiation exhibits a spectrum ranging from hard X-rays to long radio waves, with a continuous spectrum in the wavelength range of approximately 140 nm to 10 cm. The heating of objects on the Earth's surface is primarily due to infrared radiation with a wavelength of 780 nm to 1 mm. Therefore, the heating of objects, such as buildings, can be precisely regulated through targeted reflection and absorption of this radiation. The numerous reflective and absorptive surfaces, determined by the base material, make the cladding element particularly durable and stable. The aforementioned IR radiation, also known as infrared radiation, is typically an infrared component of solar radiation.Infrared radiation is typically electromagnetic radiation with an electromagnetic wavelength of 780 nm to 1 mm, particularly 780 nm to 50 µm, preferably 780 nm to 3 µm. Sunlight generally refers to a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum of sunlight from 380 nm to 1 mm, particularly 380 nm to 50 µm, preferably 380 nm to 3 µm. Advantageously, the heating of the building by solar radiation, especially due to irradiation of the cladding element with solar radiation, can be effectively and efficiently regulated, particularly throughout the year.

[0013] Typically, with regard to solar radiation, especially its infrared radiation, the reflectance of reflective surfaces is greater than the reflectance of absorptive surfaces, and / or the absorptive surfaces are greater than the absorptive surfaces. The respective reflectance can be an average reflectance. The respective absorptive can be an average absorptive. The reflectance or absorptive refers specifically to the aforementioned wavelength ranges of solar radiation.

[0014] It is advantageous if the reflectance of the reflective surfaces is greater than 0.5, in particular greater than 0.75, preferably greater than 0.9, and / or the absorptivity of the absorptive surfaces is greater than 0.5, in particular greater than 0.75, preferably greater than 0.9.

[0015] Advantageous designs result from the following features: A cladding element is particularly effective and durable if it has 8 to 4000, in particular 11 to 3000, reflective surfaces and / or 8 to 4000, in particular 11 to 3000, absorption surfaces.

[0016] The cladding element is typically monolithic. Its outer structure is generally formed by an outer surface. This outer surface and the bearing surface are usually located on opposite sides of the cladding element. Typically, the outer surface and / or the bearing surface are oriented substantially parallel to both a longitudinal and a lateral direction of the cladding element. Typically, the vertical dimension of the cladding element is oriented perpendicular to both its longitudinal and lateral directions. Generally, the vertical extent of the cladding element is smaller than both its longitudinal and lateral extents.The vertical direction is usually oriented from the contact surface to the outer surface. It is advantageous if the cladding element is predominantly, and especially primarily, made of the base material.

[0017] To regulate the effects of solar radiation particularly effectively and efficiently, the ratio of all reflective surfaces to all absorbing surfaces of the cladding element may be designed to be between 90:10 and 50:50, and especially between 70:30 and 60:40. This ratio typically refers to the area of ​​the reflective and absorbing surfaces.

[0018] It is advantageous if the reflective and absorbent surfaces are arranged alternately along a single orientation. In practice, this has proven beneficial due to the temperature difference that typically develops between the reflective and absorbent surfaces, leading to the formation of convective flows, particularly air vortices. This results in a more homogeneous temperature distribution along the exterior structure. In practice, the orientation of the surfaces usually corresponds to the inclination of a part, particularly the roof, of a building on which the cladding element is installed. This is especially true when viewing the building part, particularly the roof, from above.

[0019] The cladding element typically has an upper and a lower end parallel to the outer surface. In use, the lower end is usually positioned lower than the upper end. The cladding element is generally oriented from the upper end to the lower end. This orientation can be parallel to or the installation direction. This is particularly true when viewing the cladding element from above.

[0020] Top view usually refers to a view orthogonal to the outer surface of the cladding element or parallel to the height direction of the cladding element.

[0021] The outer structure may be designed with steps. Typically, in this stepped arrangement, the reflective surfaces face the upper end of the cladding element, which is designed for attachment to a building. The absorption surfaces typically face the lower end of the cladding element. In practice, the lower end is usually positioned closer to the ground than the upper end. The upper and lower ends are usually positioned opposite each other along the outer surface of the cladding element, particularly in the direction of installation. Alternatively, or in addition to the stepped arrangement, the reflective and absorption surfaces may be arranged alternately.

[0022] To allow for particularly targeted regulation of the effect of solar radiation, the reflective surfaces can be arranged at an angle α, in particular an angle α of 70° to 179°, to a respective adjacent absorption surface. The angle α can be, in particular, 80° to 153°, preferably 85° to 120°. Depending on the application conditions, an angle α of 105° to 135°, in particular 110° to 130°, can also be efficient. The reflective surfaces can extend from a lower vertex facing the contact surface of the cladding element to an upper vertex facing the surroundings. The reflective surfaces are thus typically oriented towards the upper end of the cladding element.It can further be provided that the absorption surfaces extend from one of the upper vertices to the lower vertex, which is located between the absorption surface and another reflective surface. This applies particularly in a cross-section of the cladding element that is orthogonal to the outer surface, with the cross-section being oriented along the direction of the arrangement. The absorption surfaces are therefore usually oriented towards the lower end of the cladding element. This arrangement allows the effect of solar radiation on the building to be regulated particularly effectively and efficiently. In particular, it can prevent glare from the cladding element, preferably to a large extent, since from a street view, the non-reflective or less reflective absorption surfaces are largely visible.The angle α of 70° to 179° is particularly suitable for temperate climates with latitudes from approximately 23° 27' north to approximately 66° 34' south. The most efficient configuration can be determined based on the building's precise geographical location and the arrangement of the cladding element on the building. Specifically, the cross-section of the cladding element can feature alternating reflective and absorptive surfaces with upper and lower vertices, with these vertices alternating along the outer structure or surface. The respective lower vertex is typically lower, relative to the cladding element's vertical axis, than the two upper vertices between which it is positioned.

[0023] If the reflective surfaces are arranged at an angle α to the absorption surfaces, they also point towards the upper end of the cladding element, while the absorption surfaces point towards the lower end of the cladding element.

[0024] To provide a particularly stable cladding element, the upper and lower vertices can have a height difference (d) of 0.05 cm to 5 cm. This typically refers to the upper and lower vertices that correspond to the respective reflective and absorbing surfaces. The outer structure thus has a low profile and is therefore particularly weather-resistant. Furthermore, this design creates a uniform overall visual appearance.

[0025] The reflective surfaces and absorption surfaces can be directly adjacent to each other or spaced apart.

[0026] A transition zone can be formed between the reflective and absorptive surfaces. Likewise, a transition zone can be formed between the absorptive and reflective surfaces. It is advantageous if a transition zone is formed between adjacent, especially adjoining, reflective and absorptive surfaces. For example, a transition zone can be formed between a reflective surface and an adjacent absorptive surface. The transition zone can be part of the respective reflective and / or absorptive surface. Alternatively, it may be advantageous for the transition zone not to be part of the respective reflective and / or absorptive surface. The absorptive and reflective surfaces can be separated from each other by the transition zones.The outer structure in the transition area can have an edge, a chamfer, or a rounded edge, and in particular, be implemented by such a chamfer. This can improve the stability and durability of the cladding element. A cladding element is particularly stable if it has a chamfer in the transition area with a length of 0.1 cm to 2 cm, and in particular 0.3 cm to 1 cm, and in particular if implemented by such a chamfer. Alternatively, a rounded edge with a radius of 0.1 cm to 2 cm, and in particular 0.3 cm to 1 cm, can also be provided in the transition area, and in particular, the transition area can be implemented by such a rounded edge.

[0027] This allows for an efficient reduction in the coverage of absorption and reflection surfaces with dirt and / or rainwater.

[0028] The reflecting surfaces and / or the absorption surfaces can be planar. The vertices can each be formed by the intersection of an extension of the reflecting surfaces or the absorption surfaces, respectively.

[0029] The cladding element is particularly weather-resistant if at least one, and especially every, reflective surface is concave or convex. Additionally or instead, at least one, and especially every, absorption surface can be concave or convex. This arrangement allows rainwater to be drained away particularly effectively and efficiently along the outer structure. Furthermore, concave reflective surfaces and / or convex absorption surfaces can reduce glare and increase reflection or absorption. It has proven particularly effective when at least one reflective surface is concave and at least one absorption surface is convex. This applies especially in a cross-section through the cladding element that is orthogonal to the outer surface, preferably parallel to the orientation or arrangement direction.The respective vertex can lie at the intersection of an extension of a spanned area of ​​the reflective surface and an extension of a spanned area of ​​the absorptive surface. The spanned area can be a plane passing through, in particular opposite, edges of the respective reflective or absorptive surface. In a cross-section of the cladding element that is orthogonal to the outer surface and preferably parallel to the orientation direction, the respective spanned area typically passes through endpoints of a contour of the respective reflective or absorptive surface. It is advantageous if at least one, and in particular several, of the reflective surfaces are at least partially parabolic in shape. This allows solar radiation to be efficiently and directed away from a nearby area or, preferably, reflected upwards by the reflective surfaces.This applies particularly to the cross-section orthogonal to the outer surface, preferably parallel to the orientation direction. It is advantageous if at least one, and in particular several, of the reflective surfaces are at least partially parabolic. This can be achieved, for example, with one or more parabolic depressions in the reflective surface. The aforementioned configurations preferably apply to several, in particular a majority, and preferably substantially all, of the reflective and / or absorption surfaces of the cladding element. Such shaped reflective or absorption surfaces have proven advantageous, particularly due to their radiation-directing capabilities, for planning temperature distributions, especially in urban areas, and for geoengineering.

[0030] To improve water flow and increase weather resistance, the reflective and / or absorbent surfaces can be arranged in a strip-like, wavy, triangular, or rhomboid shape. It is advantageous if each reflective and / or absorbent surface has a strip-like, wavy, triangular, or rhomboid edge. This edge can form a boundary between adjacent, particularly adjoining, reflective and absorbent surfaces. Preferably, such an edge can exist between each reflective surface and one of its adjacent, particularly adjoining, absorbent surfaces.The respective sideline can be an edge between a reflective surface and the transition zone adjacent to the reflective surface, and / or an edge between an absorptive surface and the transition zone adjacent to the reflective surface. This has proven advantageous in use for generating air convection, particularly air turbulence, to promote a more homogeneous temperature distribution along the cladding element. It is advantageous if, in the case of a rhomboid arrangement or rhomboid sideline, the rhomboid shape is formed with four angularly connected sideline segments, preferably not at right angles to one another. It is beneficial if the reflective surfaces and / or absorptive surfaces are arranged such that one of the diagonals of the respective rhomboid shape is oriented essentially parallel to the arrangement direction.

[0031] An effective and efficient cladding element can be provided if the reflective and absorbent surfaces are arranged in strips. The cladding element is particularly stable if the reflective surfaces each have a strip width from the lower apex to the upper apex of 0.05 cm to 10 cm, particularly from 0.1 cm to 5 cm, and if the absorbent surfaces each have a strip width from the upper to the lower apex of 0.05 cm to 10 cm, particularly from 0.1 cm to 5 cm.

[0032] An effective, efficient, and stable cladding element can also be provided if the reflective surfaces are arranged in a diamond shape and the absorption surfaces preferably surround the reflective surfaces in a zigzag strip pattern. A strip-shaped, particularly rectangular, absorption surface can be arranged between each adjacent reflective surface. Typically, each reflective surface is diamond-shaped. The reflective surfaces are preferably arranged such that the diamonds are arranged in rows along both diagonals of the diamonds. It is advantageous if a strip-shaped, particularly rectangular, absorption surface is arranged between each adjacent side segment of the diamonds. The absorption surfaces then typically form a zigzag pattern. The diamonds can have the same shape, orientation, and / or size.This arrangement ensures a particularly stable cladding element that conveys a visually uniform overall impression. The effect of the sun can be regulated particularly effectively if the rhomboid reflective surfaces each have a longitudinal diagonal from the lower vertex to the upper vertex with a length of 0.05 cm to 10 cm, particularly 0.1 cm to 5 cm, and / or if the rhomboid reflective surfaces each have a transverse diagonal arranged perpendicular or at right angles to the longitudinal diagonal with a length of 0.05 cm to 10 cm, particularly 0.1 cm to 5 cm. Effective or efficient regulation of the sun's effect can also be achieved if the strip-shaped absorption surfaces each have a strip width of 0.05 cm to 10 cm, particularly 0.1 cm to 5 cm, from the upper vertex to the lower vertex.

[0033] To improve water drainage, the reflective and / or absorbent surfaces may be designed with a lateral slope. This lateral slope may be present at least in certain sections. In particular, a predominant portion of the respective reflective or absorbent surface may exhibit a lateral slope. The lateral slope may be perpendicular to the vertical direction of the cladding element and perpendicular to its orientation. The lateral slope is typically designed such that, especially when viewed from above, rainwater falling onto the cladding element during use is guided, at least partially, perpendicular to its orientation. The reflective and / or absorbent surfaces may slope downwards or upwards towards the sides of the cladding element.The sides form the edge of the cladding element, connecting the upper and lower ends. It can be provided, in particular, that the direction of the lateral slope is arranged at an angle, especially an angle of more than 0° to 90°, more specifically 1° to 89°, preferably 5° to 85°, to a perpendicular to the upper and / or lower end. Alternatively or additionally, the direction of the lateral slope can be at an angle, especially an angle of more than 0° to 90°, more specifically 1° to 89°, preferably 5° to 85°, to the orientation direction. This allows rainwater to be efficiently drained, particularly laterally or in a transverse direction, especially perpendicular to the orientation direction. In this way, a pronounced self-cleaning capability of the outer structure can be achieved. In particular, a predominant proportion of the respective reflective surface can be...The respective absorption surface must exhibit such an inclination. This applies particularly to a cross-section of the cladding element perpendicular to the arrangement direction or perpendicular to the orientation direction.

[0034] Advantageously, several, and in particular a predominant, of the reflective and / or absorbent surfaces can be inclined laterally, in particular exhibiting a lateral inclination, such that the outer surface, especially the reflective and / or absorbent surfaces, forms a channel along which rainwater can be directed during use. The channel is generally formed by the reflective and / or absorbent surfaces, in particular by their lateral inclination. Typically, the channel has a longitudinal direction oriented from the upper end to the lower end, at least partially, and preferably substantially, particularly when viewed from above. Specifically, the channel has a longitudinal direction oriented parallel to the orientation direction, at least partially, and preferably substantially, particularly when viewed from above.Advantageously, several such channels, particularly spaced apart from one another, can be formed. The channels can be regularly spaced apart, usually in one direction essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the channels. The channels can be oriented essentially parallel to each other. For efficient water drainage, it is advantageous if the channel has a curved, preferably parabolic, bottom surface. This applies particularly in a cross-section of the channel oriented perpendicular to its longitudinal direction. The bottom surface can be designed in this way section by section, and especially predominantly, along the longitudinal direction of the channel.

[0035] The lateral inclination can be achieved by designing the reflective and / or absorption surfaces to be curved or at least partially inclined planes in the direction of the lateral slope. The resulting optimized water drainage is particularly important when the cladding element is a roof tile, especially a roofing brick, or when the cladding element is used for roofing. In particular, this method enables efficient roofing on roofs with a pitch of 10° to 30°, preferably 20° to 25°.

[0036] The reflective surfaces and / or the absorption surfaces can have several sections with opposing, especially opposite, lateral inclinations, particularly in a direction orthogonal to the orientation direction. In this way, one or more channels can be formed by the sections. Specifically, the respective reflective surface or absorption surface can be designed in this way, and in particular, have such sections. It is advantageous if, especially when viewed from above, at least one channel runs along the orientation direction. The cladding element can expediently have several such channels. It can be practical if a channel runs essentially in the center of the cladding element, and in particular essentially along a central axis of the cladding element.For example, with respect to a central axis of the cladding element, particularly the outer structure, running in the direction of orientation, opposite sections of the reflective surfaces and / or the absorption surfaces can have opposing lateral inclinations, in particular each a lateral inclination in the direction of the central axis. The central axis usually refers to an axis running in a top view of the cladding element along the direction of orientation through the center of the cladding element, in particular the center of the outer structure. It is advantageous if at least one channel is arranged in a first half of the cladding element and / or at least one channel is arranged in a second half of the cladding element in a direction orthogonal to the direction of orientation. Preferably, no channel is then arranged in the center, in particular along the central axis, of the cladding element.This allows for more efficient water drainage when several cladding elements are arranged adjacent to one another. The channels, and in particular their longitudinal axes, preferably run substantially parallel to the arrangement direction and / or parallel to each other. An arrangement of the channel(s) applies particularly to a top view of the cladding element. Typically, an arrangement or positioning of a channel refers to a center point of the channel or to a longitudinal axis of the channel passing through its center point. At least one, in particular several, preferably a majority, and most preferably substantially all, of the reflective and / or absorption surfaces can have such lateral inclinations or sections.

[0037] Water drainage is enhanced when the reflective and / or absorbent surfaces are shaped such that, viewed from above, each reflective and / or absorbent surface has at least one side edge running perpendicular to the direction of orientation, with the side edge forming one or more maxima relative to the direction of orientation. For this purpose, the side edge can be curved or tapered at least partially in the direction of orientation. The side edge is typically formed by an end region of the reflective or absorbent surface that extends forward opposite to the direction of orientation. This is particularly relevant when viewed from above.

[0038] An effective, stable, and easy-to-produce cladding element can be provided if the reflective surfaces have a coating that is more reflective of solar radiation, especially IR radiation, than the absorbing surfaces or the base material of the cladding element. This is particularly advantageous if one surface of the absorbing surfaces is formed from the base material.

[0039] Additionally or instead, it may also be provided that the absorption surfaces have a coating that is more absorbent for solar radiation, especially IR radiation, than the reflection surfaces or that is more absorbent than the base material of the cladding element.

[0040] The coatings can have reflection properties, in particular reflectances or absorption coefficients, according to the reflection properties, in particular reflectances or absorption coefficients, specified for the reflection surfaces or absorption surfaces.

[0041] The cladding element is particularly durable and stable if the base material of the cladding element is brick, especially brick made of clay or concrete.

[0042] To regulate the effects of solar radiation on the building particularly effectively and efficiently, it is advantageous for the cladding element to be a roof tile, especially a roofing brick. The base material is usually made of clay, mostly fired clay, or concrete.

[0043] The object of the invention is also to provide a roof that effectively and efficiently regulates the heating of the building by solar radiation, in particular by irradiating the roof with solar radiation, at all times of the year and that is particularly weather-resistant and durable.

[0044] This problem is solved by a roof, in particular a roof with a roof pitch of 10° to 70°, in particular of 10° to 30°, preferably of 20° to 25°, comprising at least one previously described cladding element, in particular comprising a plurality of previously described cladding elements.

[0045] In order to effectively and efficiently regulate the effect of solar radiation on the roof or roof system in all seasons, it is advantageous if the slope of the absorption surfaces is greater than the slope of the reflection surfaces.

[0046] To promote the warming of the building by solar radiation in winter, the reflective and absorptive surfaces can be arranged in a ratio of 100:0 to 40:60 when viewed from a vertical angle. This can also reduce glare from the roof. To improve the reflection of solar radiation in summer, the reflective surfaces can be positioned at an angle β of -5° to -65°, particularly -10° to -45°, to a horizontal plane.

[0047] The absorption of solar radiation in winter is improved if the absorption surfaces are arranged at an angle δ of -60° to +60°, in particular of -30° to +30° to the vertical.

[0048] For high robustness, it has proven advantageous if the contact surface has a surface structure that essentially corresponds to the outer structure, such that extreme values, particularly maxima and minima, of the outer structure and extreme values, particularly maxima and minima, of the surface structure are opposite each other on the cladding element. The extreme values ​​are generally formed by raised areas and recesses of the outer structure or the surface structure. Maxima usually correspond to raised areas and minima to recesses. It is preferred if the surface structure of the contact surface essentially corresponds to the outer structure, with the surface structure and outer structure preferably being mirror images of each other. It has been shown that this is particularly advantageous for achieving high structural accuracy during the manufacturing of the cladding element, especially by embossing.

[0049] The objective is achieved by a method of the type mentioned above for producing a cladding element described in this document, provided that a base body formed from a base material, preferably clay, is obtained, wherein the base material defines an outer structure of the cladding element, after which the base body is coated with a coating formed from an engobe and / or glaze, after which the coating of the base body is at least partially removed in certain areas in order to form the reflective surfaces with, and in particular through, the coated areas of the base body, and the absorption surfaces with the areas of the base body from which the coating has been at least partially removed. A suitable base body is, or is usually, provided. In this way, a cladding element described in this document can be produced in a cost-effective manner using this method.This procedure can be described as the first procedure.

[0050] Advantageously, the base body can be coated by selectively coating an outer surface of the base body, which defines the outer structure, with the coating, particularly predominantly, preferably substantially completely. The coating can be formed by a single layer, or in particular by several spatially separated or contiguous layers. The base body, especially including the coating, is usually cured and / or fired, particularly if the base material is clay. Advantageously, firing can take place after curing. The partial removal of the coating can take place before firing, and in particular, optionally after curing. To prevent contamination of the reflective surfaces with dust, it is advantageous for the partial removal of the coating to take place after firing.The curing process can be achieved by drying the base body, especially including the coating.

[0051] The partial removal of the coating is usually carried out to such an extent that the absorption properties, in particular the absorption coefficients, of the areas from which the coating has been at least partially removed are suitable for forming the absorption surfaces. Typically, during partial coating removal, the coating is removed to a predominant extent, in particular substantially, and preferably completely. The absorption surfaces can be formed with, and in particular by, the base material. The base material of the substrate can be designed as described above. The coating is formed from engobe and / or a glaze.

[0052] The outer structure of the cladding element or base body can be practically produced by embossing. Typically, an embossing die is used to imprint a design into the base body, particularly its base material, to create the outer structure. The outer structure is usually formed correspondingly to the embossed design, generally as a negative image of the design. The embossed design can be created by pressing the design and base body together and / or by solidifying a flowable base material of the base body while in contact with the design, so that the solidified base material exhibits the outer structure.

[0053] The base body is usually formed predominantly, and in particular essentially, from the base material. The base material can be predominantly, and in particular essentially, clay. It is advantageous if the clay is pigmented. In particular, the clay can be pigmented with manganese. This increases the absorption capacity of the base material. The base body can be shaped such that a surface of the base body forms the outer structure. The surface is usually formed from the base material. The coating is an engobe and / or a glaze. The engobe is usually predominantly, and in particular essentially, clay, especially a clay mineral mass. Although an engobe is preferred, the coating can also be a glaze.

[0054] Preferably, the reflective surfaces are formed, usually after firing, by the coated areas of the base body, including the coating applied thereon, which consists of an engobe and / or glaze. The coating applied to the coated areas is then usually part of the base body. The absorption surfaces are usually formed, after firing, by areas of the base body from which the coating, which consists of an engobe and / or glaze, has preferably been substantially completely removed, or on which no coating has been applied. The base body is usually fired together with the coating applied to it, generally in certain areas.

[0055] As a rule, the base material or areas of the substrate from which the coating has been removed or to which no coating has been applied exhibit a higher absorption coefficient than the coated areas. In particular, the absorption properties, especially absorption coefficients, and / or reflection properties, especially reflection coefficients, specified in this document for absorption surfaces may apply analogously to the base material or the areas of the substrate from which the coating has been removed. Similarly, the absorption properties, especially absorption coefficients, and / or reflection properties, especially reflection coefficients, specified in this document for reflection surfaces may apply analogously to the coated areas. This is especially true after firing.

[0056] The method can be designed according to the characteristics and effects described in this document, particularly in connection with a cladding element. The same applies to the cladding element with regard to the method.

[0057] It is practical to apply the coating to the base body using spraying, centrifugal coating, 3D printing (especially digital 3D printing), and / or stencils. The coating can be removed in sections using a machining process, particularly milling and / or grinding. Particularly high practicality can be achieved by selectively removing the engobe using a laser. Specifically, irradiating the coating with laser radiation can liquefy and / or vaporize it, allowing for selective removal.

[0058] It is advantageous if the base body is selectively coated with the coating in such a way that the coated areas of the base body essentially form the reflective surfaces. The coating can be applied to the base body in a way that forms the shape of the reflective surfaces. In particular, this method largely, preferably entirely, eliminates the need for the partial removal of the coating from the base body, usually after firing.

[0059] Typically, the absorption surfaces are formed by areas of the base body where the coating is not applied. This can be implemented particularly practically if the coating is applied using 3D printing, especially 3D digital printing, and / or with the use of a temporary covering. Advantageously, particularly using 3D printing, the coating can be selectively applied essentially only to areas of the base body where the coating forms the reflective surfaces.

[0060] Typically, when using a temporary cover, a section of the substrate is temporarily covered, such that an edge of the temporary cover defines at least a portion, and in particular substantially, the contour of an area to be coated. The area to be coated, usually including the edge of the temporary cover and / or the temporary cover itself, is then coated, after which the temporary cover is removed. In this way, selective coating of the substrate can be achieved by excluding areas covered by the temporary cover from the coating. The section of the substrate can represent an area of ​​an absorption surface. Advantageously, the coating can be applied by spraying and / or centrifugal coating. Several temporary covers can be used.Advantageously, one or more temporary covers can be used to at least partially, and preferably substantially completely, cover areas of the substrate representing one or more absorption surfaces. The areas to be coated, including the temporary covers, can then be practicably coated. The areas to be coated typically represent areas on which the reflective surfaces are formed, particularly by the coating itself, upon application. The temporary cover can be placed on the substrate during the coating process or positioned at a distance from it. The temporary cover can be removed before curing, before firing, or during the firing process.

[0061] The temporary covering can be formed by a stencil. After the areas to be coated have been coated, the stencil is usually removed from the base body, in particular by being taken off. The stencil can be placed on the base body to cover the section and, after coating, removed from the base body, in particular by moving the stencil away from the base body. The stencil can consist of several stencil elements, which can be assigned to different sections of the base body to be temporarily covered. The stencil is usually removed from the base body before firing, in particular before curing. The reflective surfaces are generally formed by the coating applied to the areas to be coated.

[0062] It is practical to remove the temporary cover by changing its state of matter. The temporary cover can be advantageously arranged, in particular placed, on the base body to facilitate the application of the coating. The temporary cover can be fixed to the base body. The temporary cover can be formed with, in particular by, one or more, in particular solid, cover elements. The cover elements can be made of, in particular essentially of, plastic. For example, the respective cover element can be a plastic strip. The change of state of matter can be a phase transition from a solid state to a liquid and / or gaseous state of the temporary cover, in particular of the cover elements. To change the state of matter, the temporary cover can be heated, usually with a heating device. The change of state of matter, orHeating can occur during the firing process, particularly by firing. For example, the temporary cover can be applied to the base body in a solid state. Subsequently, the base body, including the temporary cover, can be coated with the coating. Afterward, the temporary cover can be converted into a liquid and / or gaseous state by heating it, particularly during the firing of the base body, so that the temporary cover, along with the coating applied to it, is removed, particularly by runoff and / or evaporation. The temporary cover can advantageously be implemented with solid plastic strips, particularly as described above.

[0063] Accordingly, the objective is achieved by a method of the type mentioned above for producing a cladding element described in this document, provided that a base body formed with a base material, preferably clay, is obtained, wherein the base material defines an outer structure of the cladding element, and the base body is selectively coated with a coating formed with an engobe and / or glaze such that the coated areas of the base body essentially form the reflective surfaces. This method can be referred to as the second method. A suitable base body is or is usually provided. It is typically provided that areas of the base body on which the coating is not applied form the absorption surfaces. In this way, a cladding element described in this document can be produced with reduced effort using this method.This second method, in particular, can be implemented alternatively, additionally, or as part of the aforementioned first method. This second method, in particular, can be designed according to the characteristics and effects described in this document within the context of a cladding element or, in particular, the first method. The same applies to the cladding element with regard to the first and / or second method.

[0064] This can be implemented particularly practically if the coating is applied using 3D printing, especially 3D digital printing, and / or with the use of a temporary covering, especially a stencil. This can be implemented as described above.

[0065] The invention is described by way of example with reference to the following figures, without limitation of the general inventive idea: Fig. 1 shows an exemplary cladding element as a roof tile with strip-shaped reflective surfaces and strip-shaped absorption surfaces. Fig. 2 shows an alternative exemplary cladding element as a roof tile with strip-shaped reflective surfaces and strip-shaped absorption surfaces. Fig. 3 shows another alternative exemplary cladding element with wave-shaped reflective surfaces and wave-shaped absorption surfaces. Fig. 4 shows another alternative exemplary cladding element with diamond-shaped reflective surfaces and zigzag-striped absorption surfaces. Fig. 5 Figure a shows an exemplary cladding element with a striped outer structure in top view. Fig. 5 b The trim element is shown. Fig. 5 a in cross-section Fig. 5 c shows a detail of the Fig. 5 b. Fig. 5 d shows an alternative striped outer structure in cross-section. Fig. 5 e shows a detail of the Fig. 5 d. Fig. 6 shows the water flow in an exemplary alternative arrangement of the outer structure with strip-shaped reflection surfaces and strip-shaped absorption surfaces. Fig. 7 shows the water flow in an exemplary alternative arrangement of the outer structure with strip-shaped reflection surfaces and strip-shaped absorption surfaces. Fig. 8 shows the water flow in an exemplary alternative arrangement of the outer structure with triangular reflection surfaces and strip-shaped absorption surfaces. Fig. 9 shows the water flow in an exemplary alternative arrangement of the outer structure with triangular reflection surfaces and strip-shaped absorption surfaces. Fig. 10 Figure a shows an exemplary cladding element with diamond-shaped reflective surfaces and zigzag-striped absorption surfaces in top view. Fig. 10 b The trim element is shown. Fig. 10 a in cross-section. Fig. 10 c shows a detail of the Fig. 10 b. Fig. 11 The diagram shows the water flow in an exemplary cladding element with diamond-shaped reflective surfaces and zigzag-striped absorption surfaces in a top view. Fig. 12 Figure a shows an experimental setup for measuring the reflective properties. Fig. 12 b shows the test result for a cladding element according to Fig. 5 a. Fig. 12 c shows the test result for a cladding element according to Fig. 10 a. Fig. 13 Figure a shows an experimental setup for measuring the absorbing properties. Fig. 13 b shows the test result for a cladding element according to Fig. 5 a. Fig. 13 c shows the test result for a cladding element according to Fig. 10 a.

[0066] The Figuren 1 bis 4 Figure 1 shows exemplary cladding elements 1, each designed as a roof tile or roofing brick. Each cladding element 1 has a bearing surface 2 for resting on the roof and an outer structure 8 with a multitude of reflective surfaces 3 and absorptive surfaces 4. The reflective surfaces 3 are more reflective of solar radiation, especially IR radiation 100, than the absorptive surfaces 4, and the absorptive surfaces 4 are more absorptive of solar radiation, especially IR radiation 100, than the reflective surfaces 3. The outer structure 8 is determined by the base material of the cladding element 1. This can be achieved, for example, by pressing, punching, or embossing a brick whose base material is clay into the desired shape. A negative mold made of plaster can be used for this purpose. For a brick whose base material is concrete, the outer structure 8 can be achieved by appropriately shaping the negative mold.

[0067] The reflective properties are achieved by applying a coating to the reflective surfaces 3. Glazes and / or engobes are used for this purpose.

[0068] In this case, the absorbing properties of the absorption surfaces 4 can be achieved by coating them. Here, too, glazes, engobes, varnishes, plastics, ceramics, enamels, pigments, or metallic coatings can be used, among other things. Alternatively, the base material itself can also possess absorbing properties, for example, due to its material properties or if it contains absorbing pigments or paints. Graphite, for example, is suitable as an absorbing pigment.

[0069] There are various ways to apply the coating. For example, a brick blank can first be shaped and then the coating applied. For this purpose, nozzles can be aligned with the reflective surfaces 3 or the absorption surfaces 4. This can also be done in a continuous process, with the blanks being transported on a conveyor belt.

[0070] Another possibility is to prepare the negative molds before shaping the base material. During the firing or hardening of the clay, the coating bonds with the base material. Absorbent materials can include ceramics or pigments such as graphite or soot, but also other materials like bristle hair.

[0071] The external structure in Fig. 1 It features a multitude of strip-shaped reflective surfaces 3 and strip-shaped absorption surfaces 4. The reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 are arranged alternately and in a stepped pattern. The areas of the reflective surfaces 3 are larger than the areas of the absorption surfaces 4.

[0072] Even those in Fig. 2 The illustrated embodiment has strip-shaped reflective surfaces 3 and strip-shaped absorption surfaces 4, which are arranged alternately and in a stepped pattern. In this embodiment, twenty-three reflective surfaces 3 and twenty-three absorption surfaces 4 are provided.

[0073] In Fig. 3 The reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 are wavy in shape, or each reflective surface 3 and / or absorption surface 4 has a wavy side profile. In this embodiment, the reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 are also stepped. In the illustrated embodiment, there are eight reflective surfaces 3 and eight absorption surfaces 4.

[0074] The in Fig. 4 The illustrated embodiment also features a plurality of step-arranged reflective surfaces 3 and absorption surfaces 4. The reflective surfaces 3 are diamond-shaped, and the absorption surfaces 4 surround the reflective surfaces 3 in a zigzag stripe pattern.

[0075] In Fig. 5 Figure a shows a roof tile with a plurality of strip-shaped reflective surfaces 3 and strip-shaped absorption surfaces 4 in a top view. The reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 are arranged alternately.

[0076] In the Fig. 5 b The cross-section shown shows that the reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 are arranged alternately and in a stepped pattern. In the illustrated embodiment, the reflective surfaces 3 are arranged at an angle α to the absorption surfaces 4. This arrangement results in a lower vertex 5, facing the support surface 2, where one of the reflective surfaces 3 borders one of the absorption surfaces 4, and an upper vertex 6, facing the surroundings, where the reflective surface 3 borders another absorption surface 4. The reflective surfaces 3 face the upper end 9 of the cladding element 1, while the absorption surfaces 4 face the lower end 10 of the cladding element 1.

[0077] The detailed view in Fig. 5 c Figure 1 shows that the angle α ranges from 70° to 179°, being 130° in the illustrated embodiment. The height difference d between the lower vertex 5 and the upper vertex 6 ranges from 0.05 cm to 5 cm, and is 0.5 cm in the illustrated embodiment. The strip width of the reflective surfaces 3 is therefore 2.4 cm, and the strip width of the absorption surfaces 4 is 0.85 cm each. The total area of ​​the reflective surfaces 3 is thus in a ratio of approximately 74:26 to the total area of ​​the absorption surfaces 4.

[0078] Fig. 5 d Figure 8 shows an alternative outer structure 8 with strip-shaped reflective surfaces 3 and strip-shaped absorption surfaces 4. The reflective surfaces 3 are concave and the absorption surfaces 4 are convex. This reduces glare and improves reflection. Furthermore, rainwater is drained more effectively via the cladding element 1, contributing to the cleaning of the outer structure 8 and thus ensuring its long-term functionality. Concave reflective surfaces 3 and convex absorption surfaces 4 can also be used in conjunction with other outer structures 8.

[0079] Fig. 5 e shows a detail of the outer structure Fig. 5 d. In this case, the angle α refers to the spanned surfaces.

[0080] The Fig. 6 bis 9 Figure 8 shows various alternative external structures 8 with improved water drainage 7. To further improve rainwater drainage, the reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 can be inclined laterally. The direction of fall is arranged at an angle to a perpendicular to the upper end 9 and the lower end 10. Advantageously, the reflective surfaces 3 and / or absorption surfaces 4 can be inclined laterally such that they form a channel along which rainwater can be directed. The water drainage 7 preferably takes place in a central area of ​​the cladding element 1.

[0081] In Fig. 6 The reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 are arranged alternately in an arc shape. The reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 are each inclined such that a substantially central water flow 7 occurs or a central channel is formed.

[0082] Also in Fig. 7 The reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 are arranged alternately in an arc shape, with two adjacent, mirror-symmetrical arc segments. In these arc segments, the reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 are inclined such that a central water channel 7 is created in each case, or the respective arc segments are sections that each form a channel.

[0083] In Fig. 8 The reflective surfaces 3 are triangular in shape, and the absorption surfaces 4 are arranged in a strip shape below them. In this embodiment as well, the reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 have a lateral inclination, which leads to a central water flow 7 or with which a central channel is formed.

[0084] In Fig. 9 The reflective surfaces 3 are also triangular in shape, and the absorption surfaces 4 are arranged in strips below them, wherein in Fig. 9 Two adjacent, mirror-symmetrical segments are also provided. The water flow 7 is achieved by a lateral inclination of the reflection surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4, also centrally in both segments, such that the respective segments are sections with which a channel is formed.

[0085] Fig. 10 Figure a shows a cladding element 1, designed as a roof tile, in a top view. In this embodiment, the cladding element 1 has a plurality of diamond-shaped reflective surfaces 3 and zigzag-striped absorption surfaces 4. Approximately 300 reflective surfaces 3 and 28 absorption surfaces 4 are provided in the illustrated embodiment.

[0086] The cross-section in Fig. 10 b shows that the reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 are arranged alternately and in a stepped fashion, with the reflective surfaces 3 pointing towards the upper end 9 of the cladding element 1 and the absorption surfaces 4 towards the lower end 10 of the cladding element 1.

[0087] In the detail that is in Fig. 10 c As shown, it can be seen that the reflection surfaces 3 are arranged at an angle α to the absorption surfaces 4, the angle of which can be from 70° to 179° and in the illustrated embodiment is 100°.

[0088] In an alternative embodiment not shown, the reflective surfaces 3 can be concave and the absorption surfaces 4 can be convex. The height difference d in the illustrated embodiments is typically 0.05 cm to 5 cm and measures, for example, 0.53 cm. Generally, in a cross-section orthogonal to an outer surface of the cladding element 1 that has the outer structure, the height difference d refers to the highest and lowest points in the vertical direction of the respective reflective surface 3 and absorption surface 4, respectively.

[0089] Fig. 11 The water flow 7 is shown via a cladding element 1, as it is in Fig. 10 a to c is shown.

[0090] Fig. 12 Figure a shows an experimental setup for measuring the reflective properties of a cladding element 1. For this purpose, the cladding element 1 is oriented horizontally with the outer structure 8 facing upwards. Two emitters 101, which emit infrared radiation 100, are positioned above the upper end 9 and the lower end 10 of the cladding element 1, respectively, so that they are oriented at an angle to the outer structure. In the illustrated experimental setup, the angle is 45° to the horizontal. To determine the reflective properties, the temperature at the contact surface 2 was measured.

[0091] Fig. 12 b The result of the measurement for a cladding element 1 with strip-shaped reflective surfaces 3 and strip-shaped absorption surfaces 4, as shown in Fig. 5 a bis 5 c The IR radiation 100 emitted by the radiator 101 at the lower end strikes the reflective surfaces 3 by 60% and the absorption surfaces 4 by 40%. The IR radiation 100 emitted by the radiator 101 at the upper end strikes the reflective surfaces 3 by approximately 94% and the absorption surfaces 4 by 6%. The temperature at the contact surface 2 was lower when the cladding element 2 was irradiated with the radiator 101, which was positioned at the upper end, than when irradiated with the radiator 101 from the lower end.

[0092] Fig. 12 c shows the result of the measurement after Fig. 12 a for a cladding element according Fig. 10 a bis 10 c In this case, the IR radiation 100 from the radiator 101, which is located at the lower end, strikes the absorption surfaces 3 and the reflection surfaces 4 in a ratio of 30:70. The IR radiation 100 emitted by the upper radiator 101 strikes the reflection surfaces 3 100%. Again, the temperature at the contact surface 2 was higher when the cladding element 1 was irradiated from the lower end.

[0093] Fig. 13 Figure a shows another experimental setup for measuring the absorbing properties. In this case, a 1000-watt halogen spotlight 101 was positioned at a distance A of 60 cm from a cladding element 1. The cladding element 1 was mounted on a tilting frame. The temperature at the contact surface 2 was also measured in this case. In the illustrated experimental setup, cladding elements 1 made of concrete were used, with the reflective surfaces 3 coated with a highly reflective paint. Cool Dry was applied twice according to the instructions for use. Cladding elements with a smooth outer structure 8, both with and without coating, were used as comparison elements.

[0094] Fig. 13 b Figure 1 shows the results for horizontal and vertical irradiation of the cladding element 1 with strip-shaped reflective surfaces 3 and strip-shaped absorption surfaces 4. In the illustrated embodiment, the roof pitch was set at an angle γ of 35° to the horizontal. The reflective surfaces 3 thus had an angle β of -23° to the horizontal. The absorption surfaces 4 had an angle δ of -20° to the vertical. In the illustrated embodiment, the reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 were irradiated in a ratio of 55:45 when oriented horizontally. In the vertical orientation, the reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 were irradiated in a ratio of 90:10. The heating effect was significantly greater with horizontal irradiation than with vertical irradiation.

[0095] Fig. 13 cFigure 1 shows the results for horizontal irradiation of a cladding element with diamond-shaped reflective surfaces 3 and zigzag-striped absorption surfaces 4. The roof pitch was set at an angle γ of 25° to the horizontal. In this embodiment, the cladding element 1 had flat reflective surfaces 3 and flat absorption surfaces 4. The angle α between the reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 refers to the spanned surfaces and ranged from 70° to 179°. This resulted in the reflective surface 3 being arranged at an angle β of -10° to the horizontal and the absorption surface 4 at an angle δ of -5° to the vertical. In another illustrated embodiment, the reflective surfaces 3 could be concave and the absorption surfaces 4 convex, as shown by the dashed line.During horizontal irradiation, the reflective surfaces 3 and the absorption surfaces 4 were irradiated in a ratio of approximately 40:60. During vertical irradiation, the ratio was 100:0. The heating effect during horizontal irradiation was significantly greater than during vertical irradiation.

Claims

1. Cladding element for a building or a part of a building, in particular for a roof, wherein the cladding element (1) has a contact surface (2) facing the building in use, and an outer structure (8) facing the surroundings of the building in use, wherein the outer structure (8) is determined by a base material of the cladding element (1), wherein the outer structure (8) has a plurality of reflecting surfaces (3) for reflecting solar radiation, in particular IR radiation (100), and a plurality of absorption surfaces (4) for absorbing solar radiation, in particular IR radiation (100), wherein the reflecting surfaces (3) reflect the solar radiation, in particular the IR radiation (100), more strongly than the absorption surfaces (4), and / or wherein the absorption surfaces (4) absorb the solar radiation, in particular the IR radiation (100), more strongly than the reflecting surfaces (3), characterized in that the reflecting surfaces (3) have a coating formed using an engobe and / or a glaze, which is more reflective for solar radiation, in particular IR radiation (100), that the absorption surfaces (4) and / or is more reflective than the base material of the cladding element (1).

2. Cladding element according to claim 1, wherein the cladding element (1) has 8 to 4000, in particular 11 to 3000 reflecting surfaces (3) and / or 8 to 4000, in particular 11 to 3000 absorption surfaces (4).

3. Cladding element according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein a size ratio between all reflecting surfaces (3) and all absorption surfaces (4) of the cladding element (1) is 90:10 to 50:50.

4. Cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the outer structure (8) has a stepped design and / or wherein the reflecting surfaces (3) and the absorption surfaces (4) are alternately arranged.

5. Cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the reflecting surfaces (3) are each arranged at an angle α, in particular at an angle α of 70° to 179° to the adjacent absorption surface (4), wherein it is provided in particular that the reflecting surfaces (3) each extend from a lower vertex (5), facing the contact surface (2) of the cladding element (1), to an upper vertex (6) facing the surroundings, and wherein the absorption surfaces (4) each extend from the upper vertex (6) to the lower vertex (5) between the absorption surface (4) and a further reflecting surface (3).

6. Cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least one, in particular each, reflecting surface (3) is designed as concave or convex, and / or wherein at least one, in particular each, absorption surface (4) is designed as convex or concave.

7. Cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the reflecting surfaces (3) and / or the absorption surfaces (4) are arranged in strips, in wave shapes, triangular, or diamond shapes.

8. Cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the reflecting surfaces (3) and / or the absorption surfaces (4) have a lateral inclination, wherein, it is provided in particular, that the downward direction of the inclination is arranged at an angle, in particular are an angle of more than 0° to 90°, to a vertical at the upper end (9) and / or at the lower end (10).

9. Cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the base material of the cladding element (1) is brick, in particular brick made from clay or concrete.

10. Cladding element according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the cladding element (1) is a roof tile.

11. Roof, in particular a roof with a roof pitch of 10° to 70°, comprising at least one cladding element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, in particular comprising a plurality of cladding elements (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10.

12. Method for producing a cladding element (4) for a building or a part of a building, in particular for a roof, wherein the cladding element (1) has a contact surface (2) facing the building in use, and an outer structure (8) facing the surroundings of the building in use, wherein the outer structure (8) is determined by a base material of the cladding element (1), wherein the outer structure (8) has a plurality of reflecting surfaces (3) for reflecting solar radiation and a plurality of absorption surfaces (4) for absorbing solar radiation, wherein the reflecting surfaces (3) reflect the solar radiation more strongly than the absorption surfaces (4), and / or wherein the absorption surfaces (4) absorb the solar radiation more strongly than the reflecting surfaces (3), characterized in that a base body is obtained, formed using the base material, preferably from clay, wherein the base material specifies an outer structure (8) of the cladding element (1), according to which the base body is coated with a coating, which is formed using an engobe and / or a glaze, and according to which the coating is removed from the base body in areas in order to form the reflecting areas (3) using the areas of the base body coated with the coating, and to form the absorption surfaces (4) using areas of the base body, from which the coating was removed.

13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that the coating of the base body with the coating is carried out by means of spray processes.

14. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the removal of the coating in areas is carried out by means of a material-removing process, in particular by means of milling, and / or by means of a laser.

15. Method for producing a cladding element (4) for a building or a part of a building, in particular for a roof, wherein the cladding element (1) has a contact surface (2) facing the building in use, and an outer structure (8) facing the surroundings of the building in use, wherein the outer structure (8) is determined by a base material of the cladding element (1), wherein the outer structure (8) has a plurality of reflecting surfaces (3) for reflecting solar radiation and a plurality of absorption surfaces (4) for absorbing solar radiation, wherein the reflecting surfaces (3) reflect the solar radiation more strongly than the absorption surfaces (4), and / or wherein the absorption surfaces (4) absorb the solar radiation more strongly than the reflecting surfaces (3), characterized in that a base body is obtained, formed using the base material, preferably from clay, wherein the base material specifies an outer structure (8) of the cladding element (1), according to which the base body is selectively coated with an engobe and / or a glaze in such a way that coated areas of the base body substantially form the reflecting surfaces (3), wherein the coating is carried out by means of 3D printing, in particular 3D digital printing, and / or by using a temporary covering, in particular a template.

Images