Braking device

Abstract

The invention relates to a braking device for a rotary device of a working machine, in particular an excavator or crane, with a boom arm and a working tool rotatably mounted on the boom arm, wherein the rotary device has a stator that can be connected non-rotatably to the boom arm and a rotor that can be rotated about an axis of rotation with respect to the stator, which can be connected non-rotatably to the working tool and can be rotated relative to the stator by an automatic, preferably fluidic, in particular hydraulic, drive, and wherein the braking device comprises a braking device acting between the rotor and the stator, wherein the braking device comprises a two-part brake housing designed to receive the rotor and the stator, with a first housing part and a second housing part.wherein the first housing part can be connected to the stator and the second housing part to the rotor in a rotationally fixed manner, and wherein the braking device is effective between the first housing part and the second housing part. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system with such a braking device and a rotary device for a machine.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a braking device for a rotary device for a working machine, in particular an excavator or crane, with a boom arm and a working tool rotatably attached to the boom arm, wherein the rotary device has a stator that can be connected non-rotatably to the boom arm and a rotor that can be rotated about an axis of rotation with respect to the stator, which can be connected non-rotatably to the working tool and can be rotated relative to the stator by means of an automatic, preferably fluidic, in particular hydraulic, drive, and wherein the braking device comprises a braking device acting between the rotor and the stator.

[0002] Such a braking device is already known and is typically used to prevent uncontrolled rotation of the rotor when the drive is stationary. A braking element of the braking device attached to the stator interacts with a braking element of the braking device attached to the rotor. The braking elements of the braking device are thus integrated into the rotating device as a component of the rotating device.

[0003] Due to wear and tear, the brake elements sometimes need to be replaced. Since the brake elements are integrated into the rotating mechanism, replacing them or servicing the brake system requires partially or even completely disassembling the mechanism. This is a considerable undertaking.

[0004] It is therefore an object of the invention to create a brake device for a rotary device that is easier to maintain.

[0005] The problem is solved by a braking device having the features of claim 1 and by a system having the features of claim 11.

[0006] In the braking device according to the invention, it is provided that the braking device comprises a two-part brake housing for receiving the rotor and the stator, with a first housing part and a second housing part, wherein the first housing part can be connected to the stator and the second housing part to the rotor in a rotationally fixed manner, and wherein the braking device is effective between the first housing part and the second housing part.

[0007] The invention is based on the idea of ​​providing a braking device not on the rotating device itself, but on a brake housing that accommodates the rotating device. The braking elements of the braking device are therefore not attached to the rotor and stator of the rotating device, but rather to a first housing part of the brake housing associated with the stator and a second housing part of the brake housing associated with the rotor.

[0008] Since the braking device according to the invention is provided on a separate brake housing, the braking device can be serviced without interfering with the rotating mechanism. This simplifies maintenance of the braking device.

[0009] Further training options can be found in the description, the requirements and the attached drawings.

[0010] The rotary device, which can also be called a rotator, is preferably a fluidically, and in particular hydraulically, driven rotary device. However, the rotary device can also be driven by an electric motor.

[0011] Preferably, the internal dimensions of the brake housing are matched to the external dimensions of the rotary device and, in particular, designed so that a rotary device without a braking system can be accommodated inside the brake housing. This makes it possible to retrofit existing rotary devices with a braking system.

[0012] According to an advantageous embodiment, a bearing, in particular a rolling bearing such as a needle bearing, can be provided between the first housing part and the second housing part to ensure the smoothest possible movement of the first housing part relative to the second housing part. The bearing can be arranged axially and / or radially between the first housing part and the second housing part with respect to the axis of rotation.

[0013] Typically, the working tool, for example a gripper, is actuated when the drive is stationary. According to an advantageous embodiment, the braking device is therefore active when the rotary device is not driven, and in particular when it is not hydraulically actuated.

[0014] To ensure unimpeded rotation of the rotor of the rotary device, a means is preferably provided which releases the braking device when the rotary device is activated. Such a means for releasing the braking device could, for example, be a piston pressurized with hydraulic fluid. Alternatively, the braking device could be released by means of an electromagnetic actuator.

[0015] According to an advantageous embodiment, the braking device can be released against the spring force of a spring element. The spring force of the spring element thus causes the braking device to be actively engaged.

[0016] The spring element can be designed, for example, as a compression spring, in particular as a helical compression spring, or as a disc spring. Preferably, several disc springs are stacked on top of each other as a disc spring stack. Depending on the required spring force, the disc springs in the disc spring stack can be oriented alternately, in particular alternatingly, and / or at least partially in the same direction.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the braking device, like the brake housing, is designed in two parts. In particular, the braking device may comprise a first braking element and a second braking element, with the first braking element being located on the first housing part and the second braking element, which interacts with the first braking element, being located on the second housing part. Advantageously, the first braking element and / or the second braking element may be detachably connected to the respective housing part. This allows the braking elements to be easily replaced.

[0018] In principle, the braking device can be designed as a drum brake. However, according to an advantageous embodiment, a particularly efficient braking effect is achieved by using a multi-disc brake, wherein the first braking element is formed by at least one first disc and the second braking element by at least one second disc.

[0019] According to an advantageous embodiment, the brake housing can have a recess for receiving at least one fluid connection, in particular a hydraulic connection, of the rotary device. This makes the fluid connection(s) of the rotary device easily accessible from the outside.

[0020] One of these fluid connections can, for example, supply the rotary device with a fluid, particularly hydraulic fluid. The drive of the rotary device can be supplied with fluid via such a supply connection. Furthermore, a fluid connection can be used to supply the working tool with a fluid, particularly hydraulic fluid. Additionally, fluid connections can be provided for the discharge of fluid, for example, from the rotary device and / or from the working tool.

[0021] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the brake housing has a common recess for several, in particular all, fluid connections of the rotary device.

[0022] In principle, instead of a recess, the brake housing can also be provided with at least one dedicated fluid connection. This fluid connection can then be fluidically connected to a corresponding fluid connection on the rotary device via a line extending through the brake housing.

[0023] For particularly high protection of the rotating device against contamination, but also against external influences, the brake housing can be designed to completely surround the rotating device. In other words, the rotating device is entirely enclosed by the brake housing. As already mentioned, the internal dimensions of the brake housing are matched to the external dimensions of the rotating device and are specifically designed so that a rotating device without a brake mechanism can be completely accommodated inside the brake housing.

[0024] Preferably, the braking device is designed as a separate component, particularly a retrofit component, with respect to the rotary device. This makes it possible to retrofit existing rotary devices without a braking device with one.

[0025] According to an advantageous embodiment, the brake device can be detachably connected to the rotary device. This allows the brake device to be easily removed from the rotary device, for example, compared to a material-bonded connection or a connection by shrink-fitting, so that the brake device and / or the rotary device can be easily accessed for maintenance purposes.

[0026] A detachable connection between the brake device and the rotary device can, for example, be realized by a screw connection, in particular wherein both the first housing part and the second housing part can each be connected to the rotary device by means of a screw connection.

[0027] The invention also relates to a system with a rotary device for a working machine, in particular an excavator or crane, with a boom arm and a working tool rotatably attached to the boom arm, wherein the rotary device has a stator that can be connected to the boom arm in a rotationally fixed manner and a rotor that can be rotated about an axis of rotation with respect to the stator, which can be connected to the working tool in a rotationally fixed manner and can be rotated relative to the stator by an automatic, preferably fluidic, in particular hydraulic, drive, and with a brake device as described above, wherein the rotary device is received at least partially, preferably completely, inside the brake housing and / or wherein the brake housing surrounds the rotary device on all sides.

[0028] Particularly high torque and precise rotation can be achieved by using a hydraulic drive for the rotary device. Specifically, the drive for the rotary device can be designed as an axial piston motor or a radial piston motor.

[0029] Preferably, the braking device is designed to be releasable by applying a fluid, in particular hydraulic fluid, for example by applying a fluidic, in particular hydraulic, force to the means for releasing the braking device.

[0030] To prevent unwanted fluid loss, a sealant can be arranged between the first and second housing parts. Preferably, the sealant seals any gap formed between the first and second housing parts to the outside.

[0031] Conveniently, the fluid used to drive the rotary device can also be used to release the brake. For this purpose, a line, particularly a hydraulic line, for applying pressure to the brake is preferably fluidically connected to a line, particularly a hydraulic line, for driving the rotary device. This simplifies the system design.

[0032] According to an advantageous embodiment, the line for supplying fluid to the brake device connects a fluid connection, in particular a hydraulic connection, provided on the brake housing to a pressure chamber of the means for releasing the brake device. In other words, the brake housing has a connection for supplying fluid to the means for releasing the brake device. Furthermore, the brake housing may have another connection for draining the fluid from the means for releasing the brake device, which is also connected to the means for releasing the brake device via a line.

[0033] Preferably, the respective conductor extends inside a housing wall of the brake housing, in particular in the first housing part of the brake housing associated with the stator. This allows for a simple design of the brake device.

[0034] In this system, the braking device is preferably designed as a separate component from the rotary device, particularly a retrofit component. Furthermore, the braking device can additionally or alternatively be detachably, and in particular reversibly, connected to the rotary device, for example by means of a screw connection or a snap-fit ​​connection.

[0035] The invention is described below by way of example with reference to one possible embodiment and the accompanying drawings. These show: Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section along a first plane of a system comprising a brake device according to a first embodiment and a rotary device housed inside a brake housing of the brake device; Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section along a second plane of the system. Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 a longitudinal section of a brake device according to a second embodiment without a rotating device included therein.

[0036] Figs. 1 and 2 The drawings show various longitudinal sectional views of a system with a rotary device 10 for a machine not shown in the drawings and a brake device 12 for the rotary device 10 designed according to a first embodiment. As will be explained in more detail below, the brake device 12 is designed separately from the rotary device 10.

[0037] The machine being worked could be, for example, an excavator or a crane. The rotary device 10 serves to rotatably mount a working tool (not shown) to a boom arm (also not shown) of the machine. For this purpose, the rotary device 10 comprises a stator 14 that can be fixedly connected to the boom arm and a rotor 16 that can be rotated about an axis of rotation A relative to the stator 14 and that can be fixedly connected to the working tool. The working tool and / or the boom arm can be attached to the rotary device 10 via the brake device 12.

[0038] Furthermore, the rotary device 10 comprises a rotary union 17 arranged radially within the stator 14 and rotating with the rotor 16, which serves to supply the working tool with hydraulic fluid. For this purpose, several supply hydraulic lines 26 are provided in the rotary union 17, which communicate fluidically with annular bores 27 provided in the stator 14 ( Fig. 2 ).

[0039] The rotor 16 is rotatably mounted on the stator 14 by means of several bearings 18, which can be designed, for example, as rolling bearings.

[0040] An automatic drive is provided to rotate the rotor 16 relative to the stator 14. In this embodiment, the drive is designed as a hydraulic drive. Specifically, in this embodiment, the drive is a so-called internally actuated hydraulic radial piston motor, in which the stator 14 is arranged substantially radially within the rotor 16. Such a drive is generally known and comprises several drive pistons 20 that can be displaced by means of hydraulic fluid and are each guided in radial bores 22 provided for this purpose in the stator 14. The radial bores 22 are arranged in a star shape with respect to the axis of rotation A, so that the rotor 16 is set in rotation by the alternating, sequential displacement of the drive pistons 20.

[0041] For the displacement of the drive pistons 20 by means of hydraulic fluid, hydraulic lines 24 are formed inside the stator 14, via which the radial bores 22 for the displacement of the drive pistons 20 can be filled and emptied ( Fig. 2 ).

[0042] Instead of the internally actuated radial piston motor described here, a different drive can also be used. For example, an externally actuated hydraulic radial piston motor can be employed. In this case, the drive pistons are guided in a stator arranged radially outside the rotor. Alternatively, the rotary device 10 can also be designed as an axial piston motor. In an axial piston motor, the drive pistons are not radially displaceable, but parallel to the axis of rotation A.

[0043] To brake the rotor 16, the braking device 12 has a braking assembly 28. In the system according to the invention, the braking assembly 28 is not part of the rotating device 10, but rather of a brake housing 30 separate from the rotating device 10. The brake housing 30 contains the rotating device 10 and surrounds it on all sides, except for a recess 63 and a passage 47, which will be described in more detail below. Specifically, the brake housing 30 is designed in two parts, with a first housing part 32 of the brake housing 30 being non-rotatably connected to the stator 14 and a second housing part 34 being connected to the rotor 16.

[0044] The first housing part 32 comprises a hollow cylindrical section 36, the end face of which is connected to a cover section 40 by means of screws 38 ( Fig. 1Furthermore, the first housing part 32 is connected to the stator 14 of the rotary device 10 via the cover section 40 by several screw connections 41 distributed around the axis of rotation A and spaced apart from each other in the direction of rotation ( ). Fig. 2 ). By detaching the cover section 40 from the hollow cylindrical section 36, easy access to the rotary device 10 is possible.

[0045] The second housing part 34 is designed in the form of a plate 39 and is connected to the rotor 16 in a rotationally fixed but detachable manner via several screw connections 45 distributed around the axis of rotation A and spaced apart from one another in the direction of rotation. In the illustrated embodiment, the plate 39 is screwed to the rotor 16 from the inside. The screw connections 45 are accessible from the inside by removing the cover section 40. However, the plate 39 can also be screwed to the rotor 16 from the outside. The plate 39 has a passage 47 located radially inside with respect to the axis of rotation A, which provides access to the supply hydraulic lines 26 for the working tool.

[0046] Like the brake housing 30, the brake device 28 is designed in two parts and has a first brake element 42 provided on the first housing part 32 and a second brake element 44 provided on the second housing part 34.

[0047] In the present embodiment, the braking device 28 is designed in the form of a multi-disc brake with several discs, wherein the discs form the first and second brake elements 42, 44 of the braking device 30. The discs surround the axis of rotation A and, viewed in the direction of the axis of rotation A, are alternately formed on the first housing part 32 and the second housing part 34.

[0048] In the illustrated embodiment, the outer lamellae are formed on a circumferential recess 49 of the hollow cylindrical section 36 of the first housing part 32. The inner lamellae provided on the second housing part 34 are supported by an annular projection 51 extending axially from the plate 39 into the interior of the brake housing 30. The lamellae formed on the first housing part 32 extend radially inwards as outer lamellae, whereas the lamellae formed on the second housing part 34 extend radially outwards as inner lamellae.

[0049] By axial displacement in the direction of the axis of rotation A, the lamellae come into frictional engagement with each other, thereby slowing down the rotation of the rotor 16 connected to the second housing part 34 with respect to the stator 14 connected to the first housing part 32.

[0050] The braking device 12 is designed such that the braking unit 28 is active in a braking manner when the rotary device 10 is not driven, i.e., when it is not hydraulically actuated. For this purpose, a spring element 46 is provided which applies a spring force in the axial direction to the braking unit 28 such that the plates of the multi-plate brake are pressed against each other.

[0051] In the present embodiment, the spring element 46 is formed by several stacks of disc springs 48 arranged around the axis of rotation A and spaced apart from one another in the direction of rotation. Each stack of disc springs 48 comprises several axially stacked disc springs 50 oriented in opposite directions. This is shown in the drawings. Fig. 1 Only one stack of disc springs (48) was shown.

[0052] To release the brake device 28 against the spring force of the spring element 46 when the rotary device 10 is activated, a means 52 is provided, which is designed as an annular piston 54 coaxially surrounding the axis of rotation A. The annular piston 54 can be actuated by hydraulic fluid to release the brake device 30 and has a circumferential groove 56, which, together with the brake housing 30, forms a pressure chamber 58 designed as an annular chamber for receiving the hydraulic fluid. The pressure chamber 58 is sealed against unwanted hydraulic fluid loss by two rotary ring seals 60 held by the annular piston 54. The rotary ring seals 60 are spaced apart from each other in the axial direction and thus seal the pressure chamber 58 above and below.

[0053] Furthermore, to prevent unwanted loss of hydraulic fluid from the brake housing 30, a sealing element 61 is arranged between the first housing part 32 and the second housing part 34. In the present embodiment, the sealing element 61 is designed as an axial-radial sealing ring and seals a gap 65 formed between the first housing part 32 and the second housing part 34 to the outside. The sealing element 61 is arranged radially outside the brake assembly 28 with respect to the axis of rotation A. Alternatively, or in addition, another sealing element can be provided between the first housing part 32 and the second housing part 34, arranged radially inside the brake assembly 28.

[0054] In order to release the brake device 28 when the rotary device 10 is activated, the present system provides that the hydraulic fluid used to activate the drive is also used for the axial displacement of the annular piston 54. For this purpose, a hydraulic line 62, which communicates fluidically with the pressure chamber 58, is fluidically connected to a hydraulic line (not shown in the drawings) that supplies the drive of the rotary device 10.

[0055] The hydraulic line 62 connected to the pressure chamber 58 is formed within a housing wall 64 of the hollow cylindrical section 36 of the first housing part 32 and is supplied with hydraulic fluid via a fluid connection 68 formed on the rotary device 10, which serves to supply the rotary device 10 with hydraulic fluid ( Figs. 1 and 2). More precisely, the hydraulic line 62 leading to the pressure chamber 58 is connected via a fluid connection 70 formed in the brake housing 30 to the hydraulic line supplying the rotary device 10 with hydraulic fluid.

[0056] Specifically, the fluid connection 70 of the hydraulic line 62 connected to the pressure chamber 58 is provided in a recess 63 in the housing wall 64 for receiving the fluid connection 68 of the rotary device. The recess 63 serves to allow external access to the fluid connection 68 of the rotary device 10, as well as other fluid connections of the rotary device 10 (not shown), for supplying fluid to the working tool and / or for draining fluid from the rotary device 10 or the working tool.

[0057] In the illustrated embodiment, the recess 63 is provided in the first housing section 32 of the brake housing 30 as a notch in the end face of the hollow cylindrical section 36 facing the cover section 40, wherein the notch is limited in the axial direction by the cover section 40 in the assembled state of the brake device 12.

[0058] Based on Fig. 1 It is further evident that the fluid connection 70 of the hydraulic line 62 leading to the pressure chamber 58 is sealed against loss of hydraulic fluid by a ring seal 72. Furthermore, a throttle valve 74 is provided at the beginning of the hydraulic line 62 at the fluid connection 70, which, together with a throttle valve 66 arranged between the hydraulic line 62 and the pressure chamber 58, serves to adjust a desired working pressure of the ring piston 54.

[0059] Fig. 3Figure 1 shows a brake device 12 designed according to a second embodiment, without a rotary device 10 incorporated therein. The brake device 12 of the second embodiment corresponds essentially to the brake device 12 of the first embodiment, wherein the rotary ring seals 60 provided on the annular piston 54 are not arranged on a radially outwardly facing side of the annular piston 54, but on a radially inwardly facing side of the annular piston 54.

[0060] The rotary ring seals 60 described in connection with the second embodiment can be provided on the ring piston 54 not only as an alternative, but also in addition to the rotary ring seals 60 described with reference to the first embodiment.

[0061] Furthermore, in the brake device 12 of the second embodiment, a bearing 76 is provided between the first housing part 32 and the second housing part 34. This bearing is designed in the form of a needle bearing and is arranged axially between the first housing part 32 and the second housing part 34, viewed in the direction of the axis of rotation A. Such a bearing can also be provided in the brake device 12 of the first embodiment. Reference symbol list

[0062] 10 Rotary device 12 Brake device 14 Stator 16 Rotor 17 Rotary feedthrough 18 Bearing 20 Drive piston 22 Radial bore 24 Hydraulic line 26 Supply hydraulic line 27 Ring bore 28 Brake device 30 Brake housing 32 First housing part 34 Second housing part 36 Hollow cylindrical section 38 Screws 39 Plate 40 Cover section 41 Screw connection 42 First brake element 44 Second brake element 45 Screw connection 46 Spring center 47 Passage 48 Disc spring stack 49 Notch 50 Disc spring 51 Ring projection 52 Center 54 Ring piston 56 Groove 58 Pressure chamber 60 Rotary ring seal 61 Sealing compound 62 Line 63 Recess 64 Housing wall 65 Gap 66 Throttle valve 68 Fluid connection 70 Fluid connection 72 Ring seal 74 Throttle valve 76 Bearing

Claims

1. Braking device (12) for a rotating device (10) of a work machine, in particular an excavator or crane, with a cantilever arm and a working tool rotatably mounted on the cantilever arm, wherein the rotating device (10) has a stator (14) which can be connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the cantilever arm and a rotor (16) which can be rotated about an axis of rotation (A) with respect to the stator (14), which rotor can be connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the working tool and can be rotated relative to the stator (14) by an automatic, preferably fluidic, in particular hydraulic, drive, and wherein the braking device (12) comprises a braking device (28) acting between the rotor (16) and the stator (14), characterized by thatthe braking device (12) comprises a two-part brake housing (30) designed to accommodate the rotor (16) and the stator (14), having a first housing part (32) and a second housing part (34), wherein the first housing part (32) is rotatably connected to the stator (14) and the second housing part (34) is rotatably connected to the rotor (16), and wherein the braking device (28) is effective between the first housing part (32) and the second housing part (34).

2. Braking device (12) according to claim 1, characterized by that the braking device (28) is brakingly active when the rotating device (10) is not driven, preferably not subjected to fluidic pressure, in particular not subjected to hydraulic pressure.

3. Braking device (12) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that a means (52) is provided which, upon activation of the rotating device (10), causes the braking device (28) to be released.

4. Braking device (12) according to claim 3, characterized by that the braking device (28) can be released against the spring force of a spring means (46).

5. Braking device (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the braking device (28) has a first braking element (42) and a second braking element (44), and that the first braking element (42) of the braking device (28) is provided on the first housing part (32), and the second braking element (44) of the braking device (28), which cooperates with the first braking element (42), is provided on the second housing part (34).

6. Braking device (12) according to claim 5, characterized by that the braking device (28) is a multi-disk brake, wherein the first braking element (42) is formed by at least one first disc and the second braking element (44) is formed by at least one second disc.

7. Braking device (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by thatthe brake housing (30) has a recess (63) for receiving at least one fluid connection (68), in particular a hydraulic connection, of the rotating device (10).

8. Braking device (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the brake housing (30) is designed to surround the rotating device (10) on all sides, optionally with the exception of the recess (63) for receiving the at least one fluid connection (68) of the rotating device (10).

9. Braking device (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by that the braking device (12) is designed as a separate component, in particular as a retrofit component, with respect to the rotating device (10).

10. Braking device (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by thatthe braking device (12) is detachably connectable to the rotating device (10), preferably wherein both the first housing part (32) and the second housing part (34) are each connectable to the rotating device (10) by means of a screw connection.

11. System with a rotating device (10) for a work machine, in particular an excavator or crane, with a cantilever arm and a work tool rotatably attached to the cantilever arm, wherein the rotating device (10) has a stator (14) which can be connected to the cantilever arm in a rotationally fixed manner and a rotor (16) which can be rotated about an axis of rotation (A) with respect to the stator (14), which rotor can be connected to the work tool in a rotationally fixed manner and can be rotated relative to the stator (14) by an automatic, preferably fluidic, in particular hydraulic, drive, and with a braking device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotating device (12) is accommodated at least in sections, preferably completely, in the interior of the brake housing (30) and / or wherein the brake housing (30) surrounds the rotating device (12) on all sides.

12. System according to claim 11, characterized by thatthe rotating device (10) can be driven fluidically, in particular hydraulically, in particular that the drive of the rotating device (10) is designed as an axial piston motor or as a radial piston motor.

13. System according to claim 12, characterized by that the braking device (28) can be released by applying a fluid, in particular hydraulic fluid.

14. System according to claim 13, characterized by that a line (62), in particular a hydraulic line, is provided for acting on the braking device (28), which is fluidically connected to a line, in particular a hydraulic line, for driving the rotating device (10).

15. System according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized by thatthe braking device (12) is designed as a separate component, in particular a retrofit component, with respect to the rotating device (10) and / or that the braking device (12) is detachably connected to the rotating device (10), preferably by means of a screw connection.

Images