Comminuting apparatus for comminuting material to be comminuted

Abstract

The invention relates to a comminuting apparatus (1) for comminuting material to be comminuted, in particular for use in the field of recycling and waste processing, said apparatus comprising: at least one comminuting roller (2) that can be rotated about an axis of rotation (4) and has a main roller body (3); and a feeding means (5), that is designed in particular as a feed hopper, for feeding material to be comminuted to the comminuting roller (2), wherein comminuting tools (8), in particular teeth, are provided on the main roller body (3), said tools being spaced apart from one another and positioned in a plurality of rows (7) that extend in the longitudinal direction (L) of the main roller body (3) and run obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction (L) on the main roller body (3). According to the invention: the feeding means (5) is designed in such a way that a larger quantity of material to be comminuted accrues at the first end (10) of the main roller body (3) than at the second end (11) of the main roller body (3), wherein directly adjacent comminuting tools (8) of a row (7) are positioned in such a way that the comminuting tool (8) facing the second end (11) is set back in the direction of rotation relative to the comminuting tool (8) facing the first end (10), and / or wherein different distances (12) are provided between directly adjacent comminuting tools (8) of a row (7).

Description

[0001] Shredding device for shredding material

[0002] The present invention relates to a comminution device for comminution of material to be comminuted. The comminution device is used in particular in the field of recycling and / or waste processing. The comminution device can have a comminution roller, which in turn can have a roller base body. The comminution roller or the roller base body can be mounted so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis. Furthermore, the comminution device also has a feed means for feeding comminution material to the comminution roller. The feed means is designed in particular as a feed hopper. Comminution tools, in particular teeth, are provided on the roller base body and are spaced apart from one another and arranged in a plurality of inclined rows extending in the longitudinal direction of the roller base body and running obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the roller base body.

[0003] Such devices are already known in the prior art. It is also known to arrange the comminution tools in rows parallel to the rotational axis or the longitudinal direction of the roller base body. The obliquely arranged rows of comminution tools can result in improved equalization and comminution of the material to be comminuted compared to rows arranged parallel to the rotational axis of the roller base body.

[0004] The comminution tools can be designed as individual tools and / or as teeth, cutting edges, and / or movable hammers. Typically, the comminution device also includes a comb with counter-tools, which can be mounted, in particular, on a machine frame or a frame of the comminution device. To comminute the material to be comminuted, the comminution tools can interact with the counter-tools of the comb. The counter-tools of the comb can be designed such that rotation of the comminution roller results in comminution of the material to be comminuted.

[0005] The comb is usually designed as a comb bar to hold the tools and usually extends at least substantially across the entire width of the shredding roller. The comb can be designed in one or more parts. A disadvantage of the known shredding device is that even with this device, coherent, entangled and / or elongated shredded material can only be shredded inadequately, if not completely inadequately, by the shredding device. Although the diagonal rows of shredding tools do allow for a certain degree of equalization compared to rows running parallel to the longitudinal direction of the roller base body, this equalization is in some cases not sufficient to achieve safe, effective and uniform shredding of particularly entangled shredding material.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages or at least to reduce them substantially.

[0007] The above object is achieved by a comminution device according to claim 1.

[0008] In the development of the present invention, it was discovered that when material to be shredded is fed in or supplied via the feed means, it is not uncommon for a larger quantity of material to be shredded to be fed in at one point and then at another. This uneven feeding and supply certainly contributes considerably to the sometimes inadequate shredding that occurs in the prior art. The invention now provides that the feed means is designed in such a way and the feed is controlled in such a way that a larger quantity of material to be shredded is produced at the first end of the roller base body than at the second end of the roller base body. A larger quantity of material to be shredded is therefore deliberately fed in at a specific point, namely at the first end of the roller base body.

[0009] Given the above requirement of deliberately uneven feeding, three alternative embodiments are now possible.

[0010] According to the first alternative of the invention, in addition to the uneven feed, it is provided that directly adjacent comminution tools of a row are arranged such that the comminution tool facing the second end is set back relative to the comminution tool facing the first end in the direction of rotation of the comminution roller. According to the second alternative, in addition to the uneven feed, it is provided that different distances are provided between directly adjacent comminution tools of a row. In particular, the distances between directly adjacent comminution tools of a row differ in at least two pairs, preferably at least five pairs, of directly adjacent comminution tools.

[0011] In the third alternative according to the invention, both the first and the second alternative are implemented in addition to the uneven feeding of the material to be shredded.

[0012] It is also understood that in the second alternative according to the invention, at least three comminution tools in a row are arranged according to the arrangement according to the invention such that the row has at least two different spacings between immediately adjacent comminution tools. However, it is preferred that a plurality of spacings between immediately adjacent comminution tools in a row are configured differently. Preferably, at least three different spacings, preferably between 3 and 20, more preferably 3 to 10, different spacings are provided.

[0013] The longitudinal direction of the roller base body is to be understood in particular as running in the direction of the greatest longitudinal extent of the roller base body. The roller base body can be cylindrical, preferably hollow-cylindrical. The longitudinal direction of the roller base body can, in particular, run in the direction of and / or parallel to the rotational axis of the roller base body or coincide with it and / or form the central axis of the preferably cylindrical roller base body.

[0014] The first alternative according to the invention is to be understood in particular in such a way that the comminution tools are arranged trailing in the direction of rotation - namely in relation to the first end of the comminution roller, at which the material can be fed in, or in relation to or starting from the first end.

[0015] In the prior art, it is generally known that the comminution tools are arranged obliquely on the surface of the roller base body. However, the oblique arrangement is intended in the opposite direction - i.e., leading to the direction of rotation. In the embodiment known in practice, it is provided that, when comminution tools are directly adjacent in a row, they are arranged such that the comminution tool facing the first end is set back in the direction of rotation compared to the comminution tool facing the second end. According to the invention, it has now been found that handling in the prior art leads to the feed material being compressed more strongly precisely in the area in which a larger quantity of feed material is fed in, which has a lasting negative impact on the comminution result.

[0016] However, the design according to the invention enables the material to be equalized—starting from the first end to the opposite second end of the roller base body. After feeding, the material is equalized and at least partially transported toward the other end, so that an at least substantially uniform distribution of the shredded material can be achieved over the length of the shredding roller, which runs in the longitudinal direction of the shredding roller.

[0017] This ensures, at least in essence, better and more even shredding over the entire length of the roller.

[0018] In the second alternative according to the invention, an adjustment of the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools can also be provided or adjusted depending on different loads on the comminution roller. For example, the distance can be reduced in areas where an increased amount of comminution material is to be expected. According to the invention, the possibility is thus created of designing the distances in a row in such a way that improved comminution can be ensured in locations with increased amounts of comminution material. However, the distances are also adjusted in a diagonally running row, which contributes to improved equalization of the material. It is therefore also understood that both alternatives according to the invention can particularly preferably be combined with one another.

[0019] The current state of the art only provides equal spacing between directly adjacent shredding tools in a row. However, the amount of material to be shredded is not equal across the length of the roller body, so equal spacing does not reflect the actual material feed rate in practice.

[0020] According to the invention, it has been found that unequal spacing of the comminution tools in individual rows, which can also be referred to as tooth pitches, ensures individual adaptation to different comminution tasks. In particular, this also improves the intake behavior of comminution material slipping out of the feed means. Furthermore, the comminution material can be more effectively distributed due to the different spacing. This effect is further enhanced if the first alternative according to the invention is also implemented.

[0021] According to the invention, material jams of the shredded material can also be at least largely avoided, since the shredding can be improved by an optimized arrangement of the shredding tools. Otherwise, material jams would lead to so-called bridge formations in the shredding chamber and negatively impact the shredding process.

[0022] In particular, the second alternative according to the invention enables the comminution device to be continuously loaded with comminution material, whereby in particular the throughput of comminution material can be significantly increased compared to the prior art.

[0023] The arrangement of the comminution tools in rows is to be understood in particular such that a comminution tool can only be assigned to one row at a time. Thus, according to the invention, it is particularly impossible for a comminution tool to be assigned to different rows. The arrangement in a row is further to be understood in such a way that the "imaginary" row, in particular, connects the centers of the comminution tools. The row preferably extends from the first end to the second end of the roller base body and runs on the outer side of the roller base body. The row can further be designed such that the imaginary line connecting the centers is, in particular, continuously or monotonically increasing. Thus, in particular, no "constant" sections of the row or of the line connecting the centers of the comminution tools are provided.Preferably, a plurality of regions, preferably of substantially equal width, are provided on the roller base body. The width of the regions is determined in particular by reference to the length of the roller base body. Thus, the roller base body can be divided into different regions. In at least one region, a greater number of comminution tools is provided than in another region. This can be achieved by preferably reducing the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools in the region with the greater number of comminution tools. Preferably, the region having the greater number of comminution tools is assigned to the first end and / or arranged at the first end of the roller base body at which an increased amount of material is generated by being fed in via the feed means.The increased number of shredding tools in the relevant area of ​​the roller base body allows for a response to the increased feed quantity of shredded material and thus ensures efficient shredding.

[0024] In particular, at least three regions of substantially equal width are provided on the roller base body, in particular regions circumferentially surrounding the roller base body, wherein the regions differ from one another by a different number of comminution tools. Preferably, a larger number of comminution tools can be provided in a first region facing the first end than in the two further regions. Alternatively or additionally, it can preferably be provided that a larger number of comminution tools is provided in the central region arranged between the first and the further region facing the second end than in the further region. Thus, the three regions can be divided such that the largest number of comminution tools is preferably present in the first region.The central region may contain a number of comminution tools that is lower than that in the first region, but higher than that in the further (outer) region. The smallest number of comminution tools may be provided in the further region facing the second end or arranged at the second end. In this context, it is understood that the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools can be the same or different in each region. Ultimately, however, the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools in two different regions (i.e., in the connecting region between two regions) differ.In an alternative, but likewise preferred embodiment, it is provided in particular that at least three regions are present on the roller base body, in particular regions surrounding the roller base body circumferentially, which regions can in particular each have the same width in the longitudinal direction of the roller base body. The first region facing the first end in particular has the highest number of comminution tools, or the number of comminution tools in the first region preferably corresponds to the number of comminution tools in the further region arranged at the second end. In particular, the middle region has fewer comminution tools than the first region and / or fewer or the same number of comminution tools as the further region.The further region can preferably have at least two comminution tools, each of which has a different distance from at least one immediately adjacent comminution tool. The density of comminution tools in the further region preferably increases from the outer section of the further region facing the first end to the second end. Accordingly, a higher number of comminution tools can be arranged in a row in the end section of the further region, which can face the second end, than in the outer section of the further region facing the first end. In particular, the further region can be divided into different sections, preferably with different widths, wherein the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools in a row can preferably be greater in the outer section than in the end section.The outer section can, in particular, have a width in the longitudinal direction of the roller base body that exceeds the width of the end section by at least 50%, preferably by at least 100%, in particular by at least twice. In the end section, at least two comminution tools can be arranged per row, which can, in particular, form a tooth stack.

[0025] Ultimately, a compacted arrangement of the comminution tools in the end section of the further area can be used to deliberately create a material gap during comminution, which in particular leads to the "slipping" of additional feed material. Ultimately, in particular, the non-comminuted material above the comminution roller is conveyed at least substantially from the first to the second end of the comminution roller. To ensure efficient comminution of the material, the material arranged at the second end or conveyed toward the second end must be comminuted in the area of ​​the second end. Accordingly, equalizing the material in the area of ​​the second end of the comminution roller is also advantageous. In particular, the aforementioned distribution of the comminution tools in the different areas of the roller base body contributes to the removal of material bridges during comminution.

[0026] The roller base body preferably has a length between 0.5 m and 4 m, preferably 2 m + / - 30%. With such lengths of the roller base body, the advantages of the invention become particularly apparent, since in the prior art, the roller base body usually has a length of 3 m; shorter lengths have been particularly difficult to achieve.

[0027] Alternatively or additionally, it can preferably be provided that the roller base body has a diameter between 0.5 m and 1.2 m, preferably 0.6 m + / - 35%

[0028] However, according to the invention, the material flow fed to the roller base body can be optimized, particularly by coordinating the different arrangements of the comminution tools. Accordingly, the invention also enables the use of small, compact comminution devices with a short length.

[0029] As a result, at least one part of the invention is characterized by the fact that the feed means is assigned to the first end, and an increased material volume is also present at this first end. This material volume can now be counteracted by preferably arranging a larger number of comminution tools in this area. This is ensured by the different distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools in a row, according to the invention.

[0030] Furthermore, in a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that in a first region, in particular the previously described first region, immediately adjacent comminution tools of a row are spaced closer to one another than immediately adjacent comminution tools of the same row in a further region facing the second end. Preferably, the first region faces the first end and / or adjoins the first end. The aforementioned arrangement relates in particular to at least two pairs of comminution tools, which are arranged one in the first region and the other in the further region. This embodiment is also possible, in particular, independently of the previously described plurality of regions - since this preferred embodiment relates in particular to at least one row.It has been previously described that the number of comminution tools differs for different areas on the comminution roller and on the roller base body. The preferred embodiment now described refers to the rows and not to the circumference of the roller base body. In this context, however, it is understood that both embodiments can preferably be combined with one another.

[0031] Preferably, it is provided that immediately adjacent comminution tools of a row are equally spaced in the first region. In this context, it can also be provided that the outermost comminution tool, which faces another region, can have a different distance from a comminution tool of the other region than the distances in the first region.

[0032] Furthermore, in a further, particularly preferred embodiment of the present inventive concept, it is provided that the rows are at least substantially identical or different.

[0033] The different configuration of the rows can occur particularly when the shredding tools of adjacent rows are offset from one another and / or when the rows have a different number of shredding tools in different areas. In particular, the different configuration of the rows can lead to material equalization during shredding and to optimized shredding behavior of the shredding roller.

[0034] Alternatively or additionally, it is preferably provided that the rows are equally spaced from one another transversely to the longitudinal direction. This results in a particularly symmetrical arrangement of the rows on the roller base body.

[0035] Preferably, a uniform comminution result can also be ensured by the at least substantially identical design of the rows during rotation of the roller base body. An at least substantially identical design of the rows is also advantageous in that the comminution tools can interact with the counter-comminution tools of a comb, as previously described in the description of the prior art. The identical design is then advantageous because the at least substantially identical design of the rows also ensures a corresponding interaction between the comminution tools and the counter-comminution tools for each row.

[0036] Preferably, the rows can be arranged offset from one another, particularly with the same transverse spacing, so that the comminution tools of different immediately adjacent rows are preferably arranged offset from one another, at least partially in the middle and / or wider region, not directly behind one another. In this context, it is understood that comminution tools of immediately adjacent rows can also be arranged directly behind one another (relative to the direction of rotation or transversely to the longitudinal direction of the roller base body) in the first region and / or at least partially in the middle region.

[0037] Furthermore, in a further preferred embodiment, a third region is provided between the first region and the further region. The third region can in particular correspond to the previously described middle region or represent a further, independent embodiment. Preferably, at least two directly adjacent comminution tools in a row are arranged such that they are spaced closer together than directly adjacent comminution tools in the same row in the further region. In particular, the third region has at least two comminution tools per row, which can in particular be described as a tooth pack. Tooth packs in directly adjacent rows can also be arranged offset from one another.

[0038] In particular, the third area can also only form a part of the middle area described above.

[0039] Particularly preferably, a second region is provided between the first region and the third region. In particular, the central region can be formed by the second region and the third region. Preferably, at least one comminution tool of a row is arranged in the second region, which encloses a distance from the immediately adjacent comminution tools of the same row of the first and / or third region that is greater than the distance between immediately adjacent comminution tools of the first and / or third region.

[0040] The previously described four-zone design ensures effective shredding, especially for roller bases with a shorter length. Thus, the first zone can ensure improved intake of shredded material or shredded product slipping out of the feed device.

[0041] Particularly preferably, the feed means is designed as a folding funnel, so that the combination with the first region is particularly effective, since due to the funnel geometry the material to be shredded is set in motion, preferably at least substantially in rotation, and is thus drawn at least substantially in a vortex-like manner into the first region for shredding.

[0042] Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the feeding means is designed as a conveyor belt and / or chute and / or can have a conveyor belt, a chute or the like.

[0043] The arrangement of the comminution tools according to the invention can provide an increased equalizing effect, which in particular can also prevent the formation of material bridges.

[0044] The third area described above has the particular advantage that, when the material is fed via the feed means, an increased amount of material is provided in this area in comparison to the second and / or further area.

[0045] In particular, the third region can be of the same size as the second region or larger. In particular, the width of the third region exceeds the width of the second region by at least 20%, preferably at least 30%. As explained above, the second and third regions together can have the same width as the first and / or the further region. The further region can also be referred to as the fourth region. According to the invention, it has been found that especially in the first and third regions an increased amount of material occurs during comminution, which can be collected by the corresponding denser arrangement or closer arrangement of the comminution tools. Thus, in the third region too, the material can be efficiently comminuted and a straightening of the material can be achieved. In particular, the material can be comminuted compactly at this point.

[0046] In a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools of a row in the wider region are at least 100%, preferably at least 200%, more preferably between 300% to 1000%, in particular between 400% to 500%, greater than the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools of the same row in the first and / or third region.

[0047] Preferably, the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools of a row in the wider region can be at least twice, preferably at least three times, in particular at least four times, greater than the distances between immediately adjacent comminution tools of the same row in the first and / or third region.

[0048] According to the invention, it has been found that with spacings of the aforementioned type, particularly effective comminution can be ensured even with particularly interlocked comminution material.

[0049] Furthermore, a drive device is preferably provided for driving the comminution roller. According to the invention, it is understood that a plurality of drive devices can also be provided. In particular, the drive device is arranged at the first end of the roller base body and serves to drive the first end of the roller base body.

[0050] Furthermore, a further preferred embodiment provides for a frame for holding and supporting the shredding roller and preferably the drive device. The frame can be arranged, in particular, on a base and ultimately serves to support and support the shredding roller.

[0051] Furthermore, it is preferred if the shredding roller is mounted on both sides and / or at least one side, in particular at least indirectly on the frame. Mounting on both sides enables, in particular, a secure arrangement of the shredding roller even under high loads, thereby advantageously preventing machine damage.

[0052] Furthermore, it is particularly preferred that a wall of the frame is assigned to each of the first and second ends for receiving and supporting the respective ends. Thus, a vertical wall of the frame, which can be referred to as an engine vertical wall, can be assigned to the first end. A vertical wall, which can be referred to as a rear vertical wall, can also be assigned to the second end. The feed means can, in particular, be arranged on the engine vertical wall and, in particular, be firmly connected to it.

[0053] The comminution device preferably comprises a comb having counter-tools and preferably a comb flap pivotably mounted on the machine frame. The interaction between the counter-tools and the comminution tools arranged on the roller base body results in particular in the inventive behavior of the comminution device for comminution of the material to be comminuted.

[0054] In a further preferred embodiment of the inventive concept, the comminution tool extends only over a section of the circumference of the roller base body, in particular over at least 0.1% to 90%, preferably between 0.5% to 70%, more preferably between 1% to 20%, of the outer circumference of the roller base body. Accordingly, the comminution tool preferably does not enclose the roller base body, but rather protrudes from the roller base body only in an area or section relative to the roller base body. Such a configuration of the comminution tools can form the comminution tools into teeth. Furthermore, it is possible for the comminution tools to be provided independently of one another and arranged on the roller body, so that the previously described inventive arrangements of the comminution tools on the roller base body can be ensured.Ultimately, the shredding tools can be designed and arranged on the roller base body individually and adapted to the respective shredding task or to the feed material.

[0055] The comminution tool preferably has an outer upper edge surface that is beveled and / or sloping, preferably at least substantially in the shape of an arc, relative to the support surface arranged on the roller base body, which outer upper edge surface is particularly opposite the support surface. The outer upper edge surface can, in particular, be designed to slope downwards such that the section of the comminution tool furthest away from the roller base body is provided facing the cutting direction, which can run in the direction of rotation of the roller base body. Due to the sloping design of the outer upper edge surface, which is delimited in particular by the side surfaces of the comminution tool, the distance of the outer upper edge surface from the roller base body preferably decreases monotonically, in particular strictly monotonically, opposite to the cutting direction.This form of the shredding tool ensures the lowest possible wear of the shredding tool and, in particular, enables efficient shredding of the feed material.

[0056] Particularly preferably, the comminution tool has an at least substantially triangular shape in cross-section. In this context, it is understood that a triangular shape is also to be understood when the side surfaces or the side edges of the triangle are each particularly preferably at least substantially arc-shaped. The shortest side of the triangle faces in particular the cutting direction, while the longer sides can in particular be part of the support surface arranged on the roller base body and the outer upper edge surface. In this context, it is understood that an at least substantially triangular cross-sectional shape is also to be understood as a shape which can have at least one recess, in particular for the arrangement of connecting means, in particular on the outer upper edge surface.The comminution tools designed in this way can be particularly compact and can hit the material to be comminuted first, in particular with the spherical section.

[0057] The comminution tools are preferably constructed in at least two parts. They can comprise a toothed body provided on the outer casing of the comminution roller or the roller base body and a blade connected to the toothed body in a form-fitting and / or non-positive manner. The advantage of the two-part construction is that, particularly due to wear, the blade can be easily replaced, in particular without having to replace the entire comminution tool. The blades can be connected to the toothed body in a replaceable or detachable manner. The toothed body can be fixedly arranged on the roller base body, in particular connected to the roller base body in a force-fitting and / or material-fitting manner, preferably welded.

[0058] In particular, the shredding tool and / or the toothed body can be attached to the roller base body. The blade can face the cutting direction. In particular, the blade and the toothed body can be detachably connected and / or attached to one another via connecting means. This allows for easy replacement when the blade becomes worn—specifically, the blade itself, not necessarily the entire shredding tool. The blade can therefore be designed as a wear part.

[0059] The blade is preferably supported on the toothed body, which can therefore be designed as a support body. At least one positive connection, preferably at least two positive connections, can be provided to connect the blade to the toothed body. In particular, at least one positive connection can be formed by a tongue and groove connection.

[0060] Furthermore, the aforementioned invention also relates to a comminution roller, which can be used in particular in a comminution device of the aforementioned type. The comminution roller is intended for comminution of comminution material. The comminution roller can have a roller base rotatable about a rotation axis. Comminution tools, in particular teeth, are preferably provided on the roller base, spaced apart from one another and arranged in a plurality of rows extending in the longitudinal direction of the roller base and running obliquely with respect to the longitudinal direction of the roller base. According to the invention, different distances are provided between immediately adjacent comminution tools in a row.

[0061] The comminution roller according to the invention also enables the advantages previously discussed in connection with the comminution device according to the invention. To avoid unnecessary repetition or explanation, reference may therefore be made to the aforementioned arguments, which also applies equally to the comminution roller. In particular, it may be pointed out that previously discussed preferred embodiments of the comminution device can also be applied to the comminution roller according to the invention without the need for further explicit explanation. Furthermore, it is expressly pointed out that all aforementioned and following intervals include all intermediate intervals and individual values ​​contained therein, and these intermediate intervals and individual values ​​are to be considered essential to the invention, even if these intermediate intervals or individual values ​​are not specifically specified in detail.

[0062] Further features, advantages and possible applications of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawings and the drawings themselves. All described and / or illustrated features, individually or in any combination, form the subject matter of the present invention, regardless of their summary in the claims or their reference back to them.

[0063] It shows:

[0064] Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a comminution device according to the invention,

[0065] Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of detail A from Fig. 1,

[0066] Fig. 3 is a schematic side view of the crushing device shown in Fig. 1,

[0067] Fig. 4 is a schematic side view of a crushing roller according to the invention,

[0068] Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the crushing roller shown in Fig. 4,

[0069] Fig. 6 is a schematic side view of a further embodiment of a comminution roller according to the invention,

[0070] Fig. 7 is a schematic side view of a further embodiment of a comminution roller according to the invention and Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the comminution roller shown in Fig. 7.

[0071] Fig. 1 shows a comminution device 1 for comminution of material to be comminuted (not shown in detail). The comminution material can be a variety of feed materials that arise in the field of recycling or waste processing. The comminution device 1 has a comminution roller 2. Different embodiments of comminution rollers 2 according to the invention are shown in Figs. 4 to 8.

[0072] The comminution roller 2 has a roller base body 3. Both the comminution roller 2 and the roller base body 3 are rotatable about their respective rotational axes 4, which in particular coincide. In the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the comminution device 1 has exactly one comminution roller 2. In further embodiments, several comminution rollers 2 can also be provided, although these are not shown in detail here.

[0073] Furthermore, Fig. 1 shows that the shredding device 1 has a feed means 5. In the illustrated embodiment, the feed means 5 is designed as a feed hopper or is funnel-shaped. The feed means 5 ultimately serves to assist in feeding the shredded material to the shredding roller 2.

[0074] Furthermore, Fig. 1 shows that comminution tools 8 are provided on the outer side 6 of the roller base body 3, spaced apart from one another and arranged in a plurality of rows 7 extending obliquely to the longitudinal direction L of the roller base body 3. The comminution roller 2 shown in Fig. 7 has exclusively rows 7 containing comminution tools 8. Each comminution tool 8 is assigned to exactly one row 7. Furthermore, the rows 7 are identical to one another and, in particular, are aligned or arranged symmetrically circumferentially around the roller base body 3.

[0075] The crushing tools 8 can be designed as teeth.

[0076] Furthermore, the comminution tools 8 can be connected to the roller base body 3 or the outer side 6 in a form-fitting or material-locking manner. Fig. 5 shows that the comminution tools 8 are each surrounded by a protective element 9. A protective element 9 can be designed as wear protection for the roller base body 3 and, in particular, can be connected to the roller base body 3 in a material-locking manner, in particular by welding. The protective elements 9 are preferably designed as wear-protection plates. The protective elements 9 can have recesses for arranging the comminution tools 8.

[0077] A plurality of crushing tools 8 can be arranged in a protective element 9.

[0078] Fig. 1 shows that the feed means 5 is designed such that a larger amount of shredded material is produced at the first end 10 of the roller base body 3 than at the second end 11 of the roller base body 3. It is understood that the ends 10, 11 refer in particular to the respective front ends of the roller base body 3. The longitudinal direction L of the roller base body 3 extends in the direction of the greatest longitudinal extent of the roller base body 3 and is also aligned in particular in the direction of the rotational axis 4 of the roller base body 3.

[0079] The first and second ends 10, 11 are opposite each other with respect to the longitudinal direction L. In particular, the shredding roller 2 can be mounted both at the first end 10 and at the second end 11.

[0080] Fig. 1 schematically shows the first end 10 of the shredding roller 2, which is in particular supported. Although the feeding of the shredded material is not shown in detail, Fig. 1 clearly shows that, during operation of the shredding device 1, more shredded material is produced at the first end 10, which faces and is associated with the feed means 5, than at the opposite second end 11. In particular, the loading with the shredded material is not uniform over the entire length of the shredding roller 2, but is reinforced at the first end 10, or results in a higher material accumulation there.

[0081] 4 and 5 show a form of comminution roller 2 that can also be used in a device 1 according to Fig. 1 - however, the shape of the comminution roller 2 differs from the shape shown in Fig. 1. What both embodiments have in common, however, is that immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of a row 7 are arranged such that the comminution tool 8 facing the second end 11 is set back relative to the comminution tool 8 facing the first end 10 in the direction of rotation, which is schematically shown in Fig. 4 by an arrow. The direction of rotation arises during operation of the comminution device 1. The corresponding setback also achieves a trailing arrangement of the comminution tools 8 in relation to the direction of rotation. This is also shown schematically in Fig. 6 as well as in Figs. 7 and 8.

[0082] In the embodiments shown in Figs. 4 and 5, it is provided that the distances 12 between immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of a row 7 are at least substantially constant.

[0083] 4 and 5, it is provided that the rows 7 are at least substantially identical and preferably have a constant distance from one another in the transverse direction. The rows 7 can, however, be arranged offset from one another. Accordingly, it can be provided that immediately behind (in relation to the direction of rotation) a comminution tool 8 of a first row 7, no comminution tool 8 of the further row 7 immediately adjacent to the first row is arranged. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the offset of the comminution tools 8 of immediately adjacent rows 7 is approximately 360° divided by the number n of rows 7. Such an offset can also be particularly advantageous with regard to the comminution result when the rows 7 are of differently designed.

[0084] In the preferred embodiment illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, different spacings 12 are provided between immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of a row 7. With the different spacings 12, it is also provided that a plurality of equal spacings 12 are provided in a row 7. However, at least two pairs of comminution tools 8 of a row 7 are arranged such that their spacings 12 differ from one another.

[0085] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 7, both a corresponding offset with respect to the direction of rotation, as previously described, and the realization of different distances 12 are implemented. Preferably, the aforementioned arrangement of the comminution tools 8 applies to each row 7. A comminution tool 8 can be assigned to exactly one row 7—and not to multiple rows 7.

[0086] Fig. 5 shows that each row 7 is formed as a linear straight line—namely, in the corresponding 2D projection—that is, when unwound from the drum. In particular, row 7 increases, at least essentially, strictly monotonically with respect to the longitudinal direction L.

[0087] Fig. 6 shows that a plurality of regions 13, 14, and 15 are provided on the roller base body 3. The regions 13 to 15 extend over the entire circumference of the roller base body 3. Fig. 6 shows that a larger number of comminution tools 8 is provided in the first region 13 than in another region, namely both in the central region 14 and in the further region 15. The further region 15 can be arranged, in particular, at the second end 11.

[0088] In addition, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the regions 13, 14 and 15 are provided with an identical width 16 in relation to the longitudinal direction L. The regions 13, 14 and 15 differ from one another in the different number of comminution tools 8. In the first region 13 facing the first end 10, a larger number of comminution tools 8 can be provided than in the two further regions 14, 15, wherein a larger number of comminution tools 8 is provided in the first region 13 and the middle region 14 arranged between the further region 15 facing the second end 11 than in the further region 15.

[0089] 7 and 8 also show that in the first region 13, which faces the first end 10 and / or adjoins the first end 10, immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of a row 7 have a smaller distance 12 from one another than immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of the same row 7 in a further region 15. It is understood that the distances 12 in the first region 13 can be at least substantially constant between immediately adjacent comminution tools 8.

[0090] Furthermore, Fig. 6 shows that different rows 7 in the first region 13 can have a different number of comminution tools 8 with an at least substantially constant distance 12 from one another, wherein, however, the distance between the outermost comminution tool 8 facing the second end 11 and the immediately adjacent comminution tool 8 of the adjoining middle region 14 is at least substantially the same in both rows 7.

[0091] In an embodiment not shown, it is provided that at least three regions 13, 14 and 15 are present on the roller base body 3, circumferentially surrounding the roller base body 3, each of which can have the same width 16 in the longitudinal direction L of the roller base body 3. The first region 13 facing the first end 10 has the highest number of comminution tools 8, or the number of comminution tools 8 in the first region 13 preferably corresponds to the number of comminution tools 8 from the further region 15 arranged at the second end 11. The middle region 14 has fewer comminution tools 8 than the first region 13 and / or fewer or the same number of comminution tools 8 as the further region 15. The further region 15 can have comminution tools 8 that are at a different distance 12 from the immediately adjacent comminution tool 8 of the same row 7.The density of comminution tools 8 in the further region 15 preferably increases, starting from the outer section of the further region 15 facing the first end 10, towards the second end 11. Accordingly, a higher number of comminution tools 8 can be arranged in a row 7 in the end section of the further region 15, which can face the second end 11, than in the outer section of the further region 15 facing the first end 10. The widths of the outer section and the end section can differ from one another, in particular with the outer section having a width in the longitudinal direction L of the roller base body 3 that exceeds the width of the end section by at least 100%. In addition, the distances 12 between immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 in a row 7 can be greater in the outer section than in the end section.In the end section, at least two comminution tools 8 can be arranged per row 7, which can in particular form a tooth package.

[0092] In the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the rows 7 are at least substantially equally spaced from one another transversely to the longitudinal direction L. Furthermore, Fig. 6 shows that the central region 14 can have a third region 17. In the third region 17, at least two immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of a row 7 can have a smaller distance 12 from one another than immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of the same row 7 in the further region 15. In the third region 17, in particular at least two comminution tools 8 can be arranged per row 7 and thus ultimately form tooth packages.

[0093] Furthermore, Fig. 6 shows that tooth packs, which are arranged one after the other in relation to the direction of rotation, are arranged offset from one another in different rows 7 - specifically in relation to the longitudinal direction L. Here, too, it can be provided that the outer comminution tool 8 of the third region 17 facing the further region 15 is at the same distance from the immediately adjacent comminution tool 8 of the further region 15 in each row 7. If the comminution tools 8 in the further region 15 are then at least substantially equally spaced, a different spacing of the outermost comminution tool 8 facing the second end 11 from the end face of the second end 11 results in different rows 7.

[0094] Fig. 6 shows that the distances 12 between immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of a row 7 in the further region 15 are at least twice, in particular between four and six times, larger than the distances 12 between immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of the same row 7 in the first region 13 and / or in the third region 17.

[0095] Furthermore, Fig. 6 shows that the central region 14 has a second region 18. The second region 18 can be arranged between the third region 17 and the first region 13. The second region 18 can have a smaller width than the third region 17. In particular, the width in relation to the longitudinal direction L of the second region is at least 30%, in particular at least 50%, smaller than the width of the third region 17. Furthermore, Fig. 6 shows that the comminution tools 8 of a row 7 arranged in the second region 18 are arranged such that one comminution tool 8 is arranged in the second region 18 per row 7.The distance 12 of the comminution tool 8 arranged in the second region 18 to the immediately adjacent comminution tool 8 of the same row 7 of the first and / or third region 13, 17 is greater than the distance 12 between immediately adjacent comminution tools 8 of the first region 13 and / or the third region 17.

[0096] Fig. 6 further shows that the rows 7 can be arranged offset from one another. The offset can lead, particularly in the central region 14, to no further comminution tool 8 of the adjacent row 7 being arranged, at least partially directly behind a comminution tool 8 of a first row 7, in the central region 14. According to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Fig. 6, this applies to all comminution tools 8 of the further region 15 and / or the second region 18 and partially to the third region 17.

[0097] In principle, in further embodiments it can also be provided that the rows 7 are of identical construction.

[0098] Fig. 5 schematically shows that the comminution tool 8 is formed in at least two parts. The comminution tool 8 can be connected in a form-fitting and / or friction-fitting manner to the outer side 6 or the outer casing of the comminution roller 2. In particular, the comminution tool 8 has a toothed body 19 arranged directly on the outer side 8 of the roller base body 3. Furthermore, the comminution tool 8 can have a blade 20 that can be connected in a form-fitting and / or friction-fitting manner to the toothed body 19. The blade 20 faces the direction of rotation, so that this component of the comminution tool 8 encounters the material to be comminuted first during comminution.

[0099] The blade 20 can be connected to the toothed body 19 via at least one positive connection, in particular wherein at least one positive connection can be designed as a tongue and groove connection. Alternatively or additionally, connecting means 29 can be provided for connecting the blade 20 to the toothed body 19, which connect the blade 20 to the toothed body 19, in particular in a force-fitting manner.

[0100] Fig. 1 shows that a frame 21 is provided for holding and supporting the shredding roller 2. Not shown in more detail is that the frame 21 can also be used to support a drive device for driving the shredding roller 2. Fig. 6 shows schematically that a wall 22 and 23 is assigned to the first end and the second end 10, 11 respectively. The wall 22 facing the first end 10 can also be referred to as the motor (standing) wall, since in particular the drive device can be assigned to the first end 10. The wall 23 assigned to the second end 11 can also be referred to as the rear (standing) wall.

[0101] Furthermore, Fig. 1 shows that the comminution device 1 has a comb 25 with counter-tools 24. The comb 25 can be mounted on the frame 21, which can also be referred to as the machine frame. Furthermore, the comb 25 can also have a comb flap 26, which is pivotally mounted on the frame 21.

[0102] To comminute the material to be comminuted, the comminution tools 8 can interact with the counter-tools 24. In particular, gaps are provided between immediately adjacent counter-tools 24, which are designed in accordance with or corresponding to the shape of the comminution tool 8 passing through the respective gap.

[0103] Fig. 5 shows that the comminution tool 8 or (all) comminution tools 8 extend / extend only over a portion of the circumference of the roller base body 3, in particular over at least 0.1% to 90%, preferably between 1% to 20%, of the outer circumference of the roller base body 3. Thus, several comminution tools 8 can be provided independently of one another, distributed over the outer surface of the roller base body 3.

[0104] It is also clearly evident from Fig. 5 that, in the illustrated and preferred exemplary embodiment, the comminution tool 8 has an outer upper edge surface 28 which is bevelled and / or sloping, preferably at least substantially in the shape of an arcuate segment, with respect to the support surface 27 arranged on the roller base body 3 and which is particularly opposite the support surface 27. The sloping outer edge surface 28 can in particular be designed to fall monotonously and serve to reduce the distance between the outer upper edge surface 28 and the roller base body 3 opposite to the cutting direction S. Accordingly, the area of ​​the comminution tool 8 which takes up the most volume of the comminution tool 8 strikes the feed material first. Fig. 8 shows that the comminution tool 8 has an at least substantially triangular shape in cross-section, preferably with edges which are at least substantially in the shape of an arcuate segment.A triangular design is also understood if the outer upper edge surface 28 has a recess, in particular for arranging the connecting means 29, as shown in Fig. 8.

[0105] As previously explained, the feed means 5 can be designed as a hopper, in particular a folding hopper. Alternatively or additionally, the feed means 5 can be designed as a conveyor belt and / or chute.

[0106] List of reference symbols:

[0107] 1 shredding device

[0108] 2 shredding rollers

[0109] 3 roller base bodies

[0110] 4 axis of rotation

[0111] 5 Feeding agents

[0112] 6 outside of 3

[0113] 7 row

[0114] 8 shredding tool

[0115] 9 Protective element

[0116] 10 first end

[0117] 11 second end

[0118] 12 distance

[0119] 13 first area

[0120] 14 middle range

[0121] 15 additional areas

[0122] 16 width

[0123] 17 third area

[0124] 18 second area

[0125] 19 tooth bodies

[0126] 20 knives

[0127] 21 frame

[0128] 22 wall

[0129] 23 Wall

[0130] 24 Counter comb

[0131] 25 comb

[0132] 26 Comb flap

[0133] 27 support surface

[0134] 28 Outer upper edge surface

[0135] 29 connecting devices

[0136] L longitudinal direction

[0137] S Cutting direction

Claims

Patent claims:

1. A shredding device (1) for shredding material, in particular for use in recycling and waste processing, comprising at least one shredding roller (2) rotatable about an axis of rotation (4) and having a roller base (3), and comprising a feed means (5) designed in particular as a feed funnel for feeding material to the shredding roller (2), wherein shredding tools (8), in particular teeth, are provided on the roller base (3) spaced apart from one another and arranged in several rows (7) extending in the longitudinal direction (L) of the roller base (3) and inclined with respect to the longitudinal direction (L) of the roller base (3), characterized in that the feed means (5) is designed such that a larger quantity of material to be shredded is present at the first end (10) of the roller base (3) than at the second end (11) of the roller base (3).wherein immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of a row (7) are arranged such that the comminution tool (8) facing the second end (11) is set back in the direction of rotation relative to the comminution tool (8) facing the first end (10) and / or wherein different distances (12) are provided between immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of a row (7).

2. Comminution device according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of areas (13, 14, 15) with substantially the same width (16) are provided on the roller base body (3) and that at least one area (13) has a larger number of comminution tools (8) than another area (15).

3. Comminution device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least three areas (13, 14, 15) with substantially the same width (16) are provided on the roller base body (3) and that the areas (13, 14, 15) have a different number of comminution tools (8), in particular wherein a larger number of comminution tools (8) are provided in a first area (13) facing the first end (10). is provided as in the two further areas (14, 15) and / or in particular wherein in the middle area (14) arranged between the first and the further area (13, 15) facing the second end (11) a larger number of crushing tools (8) is provided than in the further area (15).

4. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a first region (13) of the comminution roller (2), which preferably faces the first end (10) and / or preferably adjoins the first end (10), immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of a row (7) have a smaller distance (12) to each other than immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of the same row (7) in a further region (15) facing the second end (11).

5. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of a row (7) are equally spaced in the first area (13).

6. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rows (7) are identical and / or that the rows (7) are equally spaced apart from each other transversely to the longitudinal direction (L).

7. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a third area (17) is provided between the first area (13) and the further area (15), in which at least two immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of a row (7) have a smaller distance (12) to each other than immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of the same row (7) in the further area (15), in particular wherein the third area (17) has two comminution tools (8) per row (7).

8. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a second area (18) is provided between the first area (13) and the third area (17), wherein at least one comminution tool (8) of a row (7) is arranged in the second area (18), which encloses a distance (12) to the immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of the same row (7) of the first and / or third area (13, 17) which is greater than the distance (12) between immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of the first and / or third area (13, 17).

9. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distances (12) between immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of a row (7) in the further area (15) are at least twice, preferably at least twice, more preferably three to ten times and in particular four to six times, larger than the distances (12) between immediately adjacent comminution tools (8) of the same row (7) in the first and / or third area (13, 17).

10. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the comminution tools (8) are formed in at least two parts and have a tooth body (19) provided on the outer shell of the comminution roller (2) and a knife (20) that can be connected to the tooth body (19) in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner, in particular wherein the knife (20) and the tooth body (19) can be detachably connected and / or fastened to each other via connecting means (29).

11. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a frame (21 ) is provided for holding and storing the comminution roller (2) and preferably a drive device for driving the comminution roller (2).

12. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the comminution roller (2) is supported on both sides and / or at least on one side with the first and / or second end (10, 11).

13. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a wall (22, 23) of the frame (21) is assigned to the first end (10) and the second end (11) for receiving and storing the respective end (10, 11).

14. Crushing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing device (1 ) has a comb (25) having a counter-tool and preferably a comb flap (26) pivotably mounted on the frame (21 ).

15. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the comminution tool (8) extends only over a section of the circumference of the roller base body (3), in particular over at least 0.1% to 90%, preferably between 0.5% to 70%, more preferably between 1% to 20% of the outer circumference of the roller base body (3).

16. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the comminution tool (8) has an outer upper edge surface (28) which is chamfered and / or sloping in relation to the support surface (27) arranged on the roller base body (3) and which is preferably at least substantially arc-shaped, and which is in particular opposite the support surface (27) and / or that the comminution tool (8) has a cross-sectional shape which is at least substantially triangular, preferably with edges which are at least substantially arc-shaped.

17. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed means (5) is designed as a funnel, in particular a folding funnel, conveyor belt and / or chute.

18. Shredding roller (2) for a shredding device (1) for shredding material, in particular for use in the field of recycling and waste processing, with a roller base body (3) rotatable about an axis of rotation (4) and with shredding tools (8), in particular teeth, arranged at intervals from each other on the roller base body (3) and extending in the longitudinal direction (L) on the roller base body (3) at an angle with respect to the longitudinal direction (L) of the roller base body (3), characterized in that different distances (12) are provided between immediately adjacent shredding tools (8) of a row (7).

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