Composite component and method for producing same

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite component, a motor vehicle component or a building component comprising the composite component, to a method for producing the composite component and to the use of the composite component.

Description

[0001] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - COMPOSITE COMPONENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF - ... US 2005 / 0170238 A1, for example, discloses a battery casing formed from a flame-retardant polymer composition of high-density polyethylene, which may include glass fiber reinforcement and a fire-resistant additive.During production, the fire-resistant additive is melted and mixed with the polyethylene to be protected, and the mass is then pressed into the desired shape. Disadvantages here include the spatially uniform distribution of the additive concentration, which cannot be locally controlled. US 2020 / 0152926 A1 describes a cover for a battery pack of an electric vehicle with a frame consisting of a layered composite. A first layer of the composite comprises a so-called "shear plate," which has a fiber-reinforced composite layer designed to counteract shear deformation in the event of an impact. As a separate element, the layered composite comprises a fire- and abrasion-resistant second functional layer, which is deposited on the shear plate and faces the battery when the shear plate is connected to the vehicle frame.However, such an arrangement has the disadvantage that the separate, fire-resistant second layer is prone to fracture and ablation and can easily separate from the layered composite, particularly under thermal stress, due to the significantly different material structure. As a result, the functionality of the composite component, which is brought about by the corresponding functional layer, cannot generally be guaranteed in the long term. Furthermore, such layered composites often require large quantities of additive, which can lead to increased product costs. Apart from the fact that processes for producing such layered composites are complex and time-consuming, the realization of complex geometries is not possible or only possible to a very limited extent.To produce multidimensional components, for example, it is necessary to cut flat blanks into smaller pieces, which is associated with increased costs and limited component accuracy. Counteracting these disadvantages requires considerable effort in manufacturing and quality assurance. Furthermore, the low structural integrity of such a layered composite generally requires a thicker and / or heavier design to maintain a comparable level of functionality. Furthermore, typical joining methods such as adhesive bonding and coating often result in inadequate bonding of the various sections, for example due to poor adhesion properties of the very different materials. Such components pose a particular risk for automotive applications, as the corresponding layers can become detached and fall off during normal driving.In battery housing applications, fire-retardant layers can detach from the surface to be protected under fire exposure. Poor abrasive behavior is often observed when exposed to particle bombardment due to thermal overheating of the battery cell. OBJECTIVE: Against this background, the objective of the present invention was to provide a composite component that avoids the above-described disadvantages of the prior art, enables improved and longer-term functionality of the composite component, and can be manufactured in a simple, cost-effective, and process-reliable manner. Furthermore, improved control of the material properties should be achieved.DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This object is achieved according to the invention by a composite component which comprises or consists of the following components: a) a fiber material, b) a matrix material, and c) a functional region with an additive arranged therein which causes or influences a material property, in particular an optical, thermal, mechanical and / or electromagnetic material property, in the functional region, wherein the functional region has a concentration gradient of the additive, such that the material property caused or influenced by the additive is locally pronounced to varying degrees in the functional region. The composite component comprises one or more regions, wherein at least one of the regions is a functional region which has an additive with a concentration gradient. The functional region therefore has a functionality which is locally pronounced to varying degrees.The functional region preferably comprises matrix material and / or fiber material. In another preferred embodiment, the functional region does not comprise any fiber material. The functional region can also comprise pores, i.e. air and / or gas inclusions, which, however, preferably do not make up more than 5 vol.% of the total volume of the functional region. The functional region can preferably form the entire composite component, i.e. the composite component has only one region - the functional region - from which the composite component consists. However, the composite component can also have further regions, in particular further functional regions. The composite component preferably consists exclusively of regions that comprise both a fiber material and a matrix material.For the sake of simplicity, reference will be made below to "one" fiber material and / or "one" region, and / or "one" functional region, and / or "one" matrix material and / or "one" additive and / or "one" concentration gradient. However, this does not imply any numerical limitation. In the following, the use of the singular is always to be interpreted to mean that it can also refer to "one or more" of the respective components. A "composite component" is understood to be a material made of two or more bonded materials, such as a combination of a fiber material and a matrix material, which has different material properties than its individual components and which can serve as a component of a technical article. Such a component can be, for example, a plate or a housing of a machine.However, the term also encompasses composite components that can form a technical object per se. The composite component according to the invention is a fiber composite material such as GFRP or CFRP. The composite component can have one or more regions, with at least one of the regions being a functional region. The functional region imparts to the composite component a desired functionality for an application, e.g., shielding or fire protection, by providing or influencing specific material properties. For this purpose, the functional region comprises an additive and optionally a fiber material and / or optionally a matrix material, or consists of the aforementioned components. The fiber material of the composite component is not an additive in this context within the meaning of the present invention, i.e.the additive is an additive different from the fiber material which causes or influences a material property, in particular an optical, thermal, mechanical and / or electromagnetic material property, in the functional area. The composite component can be produced by joining different workpieces or by coating a workpiece. Preferably, however, the composite component is integral, i.e., designed in one piece. Particularly preferably, the composite component is obtained by integral curing during its production. The functional area can be produced by joining different workpieces or by coating a workpiece. Preferably, however, the functional area is integral, i.e., designed in one piece. Particularly preferably, the functional area is obtained by integral curing during its production. The volume fraction of the functional area in the total volume of the composite component is preferably ≥ 2 vol.-%, more preferably ≥ 5 vol.%, even more preferably ≥ 10 vol.%, even considerably more preferably ≥ 20 vol.%, even more preferably ≥ 40 vol.%, and most preferably ≥ 60 vol.%. The matrix material of one, several or all regions of the composite component, with the exception of the incorporated additive and the incorporated fiber material, preferably has a substantially homogeneous chemical composition, i.e. material boundaries, with the exception of the incorporated additive and the incorporated fiber material, are not present at all or only exist with adjacent regions of the composite component. As already described, the additive is a component contained in the composite component in addition to the fiber material and the matrix material, which component causes or influences, in particular strengthens or weakens, a material property of the functional region, in particular an optical, thermal, mechanical and / or electromagnetic property.This means that one or more material properties of the functional area are new, enhanced, or reduced compared to a functional area without the corresponding additive. The additive and / or the fiber material are at least partially, preferably substantially, embedded in the matrix material. In this context, substantially means that at least 70 vol.% of the fiber material is completely surrounded by matrix material, preferably at least 75 vol.%, more preferably at least 80 vol.%, even more preferably at least 85 vol.%, even more preferably at least 90 vol.%, and most preferably at least 95 vol.%. Most preferably, the additive and / or the fiber material are completely embedded in the matrix material. A functional area has a concentration gradient of the additive, so that it has disjoint volume elements (ieVolume elements without volume intersection) with different concentrations of the additive and thus the property caused or influenced by the additive is locally pronounced to varying degrees in the functional area. The volume of the disjoint volume elements is preferably ≥ 1%, more preferably ≥ 2%, even more preferably ≥ 5%, but preferably also ≤ 10% of the total volume of the functional area and / or the composite component. A concentration gradient refers to a preferably continuous local change in the concentration of the additive within the functional area, preferably within the optional matrix material of the functional area. Continuous is understood to mean a constant course of the concentration function, ie the concentration values ​​of the concentration gradient.The concentration gradient is preferably predefined, i.e., it has a course of the concentration values ​​and / or direction predetermined by a process measure taken during the manufacturing process. In the context of the invention, concentration is understood to mean the mass concentration, i.e., the mass of the additive per unit volume of the composite component (e.g., g / L). The spatial dimensions of the regions of the composite component and of the composite component itself are not restricted within the scope of the invention. The composite component can preferably be a panel, such as, for example, a fire protection panel. One region of the composite component can preferably be a layer. In this case, the composite component is particularly preferably a layered composite or has such a composite.A layer is understood to be a preferably flat, spread mass of a substance or mixture of substances, which preferably has a material boundary to the other regions of the composite component. The term "material properties of the functional region" comprises all material properties of the substance or mixture of substances that forms the functional region. This term includes both physical properties such as thermal conductivity or the coefficient of expansion, as well as chemical material properties such as flammability or antimicrobial effect. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the material property that the additive causes in the functional region or which the additive influences is a physical material property, preferably an optical, thermal, mechanical, acoustic, electrodynamic, thermodynamic and / or electromagnetic property.Particularly preferably, the physical material property is selected from the group consisting of expansion coefficient, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, ductility, elasticity, strength, hardness, wear resistance, toughness, permeability, in particular magnetic permeability, absorption behavior and emission behavior, reflection, and transparency. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the material property that the additive induces in the functional area or which the additive influences is a chemical material property. Preferably, the chemical material property is selected from the group consisting of antimicrobial effect, flammability, corrosion resistance, solubility, and acid constant.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the material property that the additive causes in the functional area or which the additive influences is a physiological material property. The physiological material property is preferably selected from the group consisting of odor, taste, toxicity, in particular ecotoxicity. "Fiber materials" are materials that have or consist of linear, thread-like structures, which in turn are preferably parts of a more complex surface structure such as a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a scrim, or a knitwear. The matrix material of the composite component according to the invention serves to at least partially, preferably completely embed the fiber material and optionally also to at least partially, preferably completely embed the additive and / or optionally to at least partially, preferably completely dissolve the additive.It holds the fibers of the fiber material in position and transfers and distributes stresses between them. It is preferably a polymer material, in particular a thermosetting polymer material. This is preferably a polymer material made from a resin and a hardener. Accelerators, activators, and release agents are preferably used in production, which then, in the sense of the present invention, are preferably part of the matrix material. By integrating an additive that induces or influences a material property, a composite component with structural integrity and high mechanical stability is obtained, which simultaneously exhibits additional functionality, such as flame-retardant activity.The concentration gradient allows the spatial profile of the material properties to be adapted for the specific application of the composite component without requiring a complex component structure, which entails increased manufacturing effort. For example, flame retardant additives can be aggregated in a subsection of the functional area that is particularly prone to fire or exposed to high thermal stress. Another example is the accumulation of metallic particles in a subsection of the functional area in order to influence the electromagnetic properties of the composite component. Particularly preferred is an integral nature of the functional area with another area, particularly preferably with all other areas of the composite component, i.e., an integral design of the composite component.The preferably integral nature of the composite component with fiber material and additive prevents breakage, detachment, or separation of areas, especially layers, with different functions, which occurs particularly frequently with 3D geometries and very thin layers. Difficulties associated with the different thermal expansion of individual layers can also be avoided. The avoidance of connecting elements (e.g., adhesives or rivets) also leads to a simple and stable construction. In contrast to the composite known from the prior art consisting of a composite layer and an additional functional layer, the functional area according to the invention can also be manufactured in a single-step process without subsequent joining or coating. This not only saves manufacturing costs, but also significantly simplifies component qualification.In addition, the targeted control of the additive addition can also reduce the total amount of additives required, which is particularly advantageous from both an economic and an ecological perspective. The composite component preferably consists of a functional region according to the invention. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the composite component has further regions, in particular further functional regions. For example, the composite component can have two or more functional regions according to the invention with different additives. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite component has a sandwich structure with several layers, wherein preferably at least one, even more preferably all of the outermost layers are functional regions according to the invention or the layers as a whole form a functional region. I.e.that in the latter case the functional area is formed by a plurality of layers, each of which preferably has essentially spatially constant concentrations of the additive and is preferably each designed integrally. A functional area formed by one or more layers can be connected to the rest of the composite component by form or material bonding. In addition, integral and multi-layer designs can also be linked to one another, for example by combining an integral functional area formed by one layer, which has a concentration gradient, with a functional area formed by a plurality of layers of different concentrations. Preferably, all areas of the composite component have the identical matrix material. This results in particularly mechanically stable composite components.In a preferred embodiment, the volume ratio of matrix material to fiber material in the composite component is 8:1 to 1:10, preferably 5:1 to 1:8 and particularly preferably 2:1 to 1:5. In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of matrix material to fiber material in the composite component is 5:1 to 1:20, preferably 3:1 to 1:10 and particularly preferably 1:1 to 1:8. In a preferred embodiment, the volume ratio of matrix material to additive in the composite component is 100:1 to 1:5, preferably 50:1 to 1:3 and particularly preferably 2:1 to 1:2. In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of matrix material to additive in the composite component is 100:1 to 1:10, preferably 50:1 to 1:6 and particularly preferably 4:1 to 1:4. In a preferred embodiment, the weight proportion of fiber material in the total mass of the composite component is from 10 to 95 wt.%, preferably 20 to 90 wt.%, more preferably 30 to 85 wt.-%, even more preferably 40 to 80 wt.%, and most preferably 50 to 75 wt.%. In a preferred embodiment, the weight proportion of additive in the total mass of the composite component is 0.05 to 50 wt.%, preferably 0.1 to 25 wt.%, more preferably 0.3 to 15 wt.%, even more preferably 1.0 to 10 wt.%, and most preferably 2.0 to 5 wt.%. In a preferred embodiment, the volume ratio of matrix material to fiber material in the functional range is 8:1 to 1:15, preferably 2:1 to 1:10 and particularly preferably 1:1 to 1:10. In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of matrix material to fiber material in the functional range is 5:1 to 1:30, preferably 2:1 to 1:20 and particularly preferably 1:1 to 1:15. In a preferred embodiment, the volume ratio of matrix material to additive in the functional range is 100:1 to 1:20, preferably 50:1 to 1:6 and particularly preferably 2:1 to 1:4.In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of matrix material to additive in the functional region is 100:1 to 1:20, preferably 50:1 to 1:12, and particularly preferably 4:1 to 1:8. In a preferred embodiment, the weight proportion of optionally contained fiber material in the total mass of the functional region is 20 to 80 wt.%, preferably 25 to 70 wt.%, more preferably 35 to 65 wt.%, even more preferably 30 to 60 wt.%, and most preferably 30 to 55 wt.% In a preferred embodiment, the weight proportion of additive in the total mass of the functional region is 0.1 to 40 wt.%, preferably 0.2 to 30 wt.%, more preferably 0.5 to 20 wt.%, even more preferably 1.0 to 10 wt.%, and most preferably 1.0 to 5 wt.%. The determination of the resin, fiber, and pore contents is preferably carried out as described in ISO 14127, first edition, 2008. A concentration gradient consists of several points.The "points" of the concentration gradient represent concentration values ​​of the additive in the disjoint volume elements of the functional area, i.e. the corresponding concentration value of the volume element is assigned to a point located centrally in the volume element. By connecting the points with different concentrations, the spatial course of the concentration gradient and thus its length Lk can then be determined and, for example, set in relation to the component extension. A volume element belonging to a point of the concentration gradient is preferably obtained and defined in such a way that part of the volume of the composite component (e.g. functional area), preferably the entire volume of the composite component, is divided into volume elements of equal volume (i.e. volume deviations ≤ 5%, preferably ≤ 2%) and the concentration of the additive in the individual volume elements is determined.Appropriate methods for analyzing the additive content of various additives are known to those skilled in the art and are described in detail in standard manuals such as Taschenbuch der Kunststoff-Additive, 3rd edition, Gächter, Müller, Carl Hanser Verlag, 1989, Chapter 20. An analysis can be carried out, for example, by ashing and / or dissolving components, as described in ISO 14127, first edition, 2008. This makes it possible to determine the concentration value corresponding to the point of the concentration gradient. By comparing the concentration values ​​of the additive for the various disjoint volume elements, such as layers or cubes, it can then be determined whether a concentration difference exists, i.e. whether a concentration gradient with two or more points exists.The points to which corresponding concentration values ​​are assigned, thus representing the concentrations in the volume elements, are arranged at the center of gravity of the volume elements. By connecting the points of different concentrations, the concentration gradient of length L is determined. k The points are preferably always connected from one point to the closest one, ie, via the shortest distance. The volume of one of the disjoint volume elements is preferably ≥ 1 / 50 of the total volume of the composite component V KB , more preferably ≥ 1 / 20 * V KB , even more preferably ≥ 1 / 10 * V KB , but preferably also ≤ 1 / 5 * V KB. In order to enable a simple and practical analysis, the composite component can preferably be divided into no more than 200, preferably no more than 100, more preferably no more than 50, and even more preferably no more than 10 volume elements of the same volume, and the concentration can be determined from these. The concentration gradient is preferably designed such that the concentration difference between two points arranged one after the other along the length of the concentration gradient and representing different volume elements is ≥ 5%, more preferably ≥ 10%, even more preferably ≥ 15%, even more preferably ≥ 20%, based on the respectively higher concentration value. This preferably applies to all neighboring concentration points of a concentration gradient.The concentration gradient preferably has only points with an additive concentration > 0 and / or the functional range includes only volume elements that contain additive. Preferably, the concentration value of the volume element with the highest concentration divided by the concentration value of the volume element with the lowest concentration is ≥ 2, preferably ≥ 5, even more preferably ≥ 10, even more preferably ≥ 20, and most preferably ≥ 30, and / or their point spacing is ≥ 0.01 * B. E , preferably ≥ 0.05 * B E. In a further preferred embodiment, a volume element, which is represented by a point, is obtained and defined by a layer of thickness D, which is each removed from the composite component, for example by milling, and whose concentration is subsequently determined. The volumes of the removed layers are substantially equal (ie volume deviations ≤ 5%, preferably ≤ 2%). By comparing the concentrations of the additive for the various removed layers, i.e. the disjoint volume elements, it can then be determined whether a concentration difference exists, i.e. whether a concentration gradient exists. The thickness D of a measured layer is preferably ≤ 1 / 3 of the concentration gradient length, more preferably ≤ 1 / 5, even more preferably ≤ 1 / 10 and most preferably ≤ 1 / 20, however D ≥ 1 / 100 of the concentration gradient length is also preferred.The volume of a layer is preferably ≥ 1 / 50 of the total volume of the composite component V. KB , more preferably ≥ 1 / 20 * V KB , even more preferably ≥ 1 / 10 * V KB , but preferably also ≤ 1 / 5 * V KB . Preferably, the layer density is ≥ 0.05 mm, more preferably ≥ 0.1 mm, even more preferably ≥ 3 mm, even more preferably ≥ 5 mm, but preferably also ≤ 5 cm. Preferably, the layer density D is ≥ 0.0001 * B E , preferably D ≥ 0.0004 * B E , preferred D ≥ 0.0006 * B E , more preferably D ≥ 0.0008 * B E , even more preferably D ≥ 0.001 * B E , even more preferred D ≥ 0.005 * B E , and preferably D ≥ 0.01 * B E , but D ≤ 0.01 * B is also preferred EThe concentration gradient is preferably designed such that the concentration difference between two points arranged one after the other along the length of the concentration gradient and representing different volume elements is ≥ 5%, more preferably ≥ 10%, even more preferably ≥ 15%, even more preferably ≥ 20%, based on the respectively higher concentration value. This preferably applies to all adjacent concentration points of a concentration gradient. A concentration gradient can, for example, be formed from 10 concentration values ​​that represent the concentration of 10 removed layers with a respective layer thickness of 1 mm, wherein the respective points that represent a concentration in the respective layer always have a concentration difference of at least 20%.The layer-by-layer removal described above for determining the concentration gradient is particularly suitable for plate-shaped composite components, such as fire protection panels. Especially for complex structures or when the functional area is small in relation to the composite component, the gradient can also be obtained and defined by cutting out cube-shaped elements from the composite component, the edge length of which is preferably ≤ 1 / 3 of the concentration gradient length, more preferably ≤ 1 / 5, even more preferably ≤ 1 / 10 and most preferably ≤ 1 / 20, but the edge length is preferably ≥ 1 / 100 of the concentration gradient length. The volumes of the cubes are essentially the same (i.e., volume deviations ≤ 5%, preferably ≤ 2%). The volume of a cube is preferably ≥ 1 / 50 of the total volume of the composite component V. KB , more preferably ≥ 1 / 20 * V KB , even more preferably ≥ 1 / 10 * V KBbut preferably also ≤ 1 / 5 * V KB . Preferably, the edge length of the respective cubes is ≥ 0.5 mm, more preferably ≥ 1 mm, even more preferably ≥ 3 mm, even more preferably ≥ 5 mm, but preferably also ≤ 5 cm. Preferably, the edge length of the cube is ≥ 0.0001 * B E , preferably ≥ 0.0004 * B E , preferred ≥ 0.0006 * B E , more preferably ≥ 0.0008 * B E , even more preferably ≥ 0.001 * B E , even more preferred ≥ 0.005 * B E , and most preferably ≥ 0.01 * B E , however, the edge length is preferably ≤ 0.01 * B EA concentration gradient can, for example, be formed from 10 concentration values ​​that represent the concentration of 10 cut-out cubes with an edge length of 1 mm, wherein the respective points arranged in the center of the cube, which represent a concentration in the respective cube, always have a concentration difference of at least 20%. The concentration gradient is preferably designed such that the concentration difference between two points that are arranged one after the other along the length of the concentration gradient and that represent different volume elements, is ≥ 5%, more preferably ≥ 10%, even more preferably ≥ 15%, even more preferably ≥ 20%, based on the respectively higher concentration value. This preferably applies to all neighboring concentration points of a concentration gradient.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the concentration values ​​of the concentration gradient rise or fall continuously along its spatial course, i.e., its length Lk, at least in sections, preferably completely. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the concentration gradient has a length Lk of more than 10%, preferably more than 20%, more preferably more than 40%, even more preferably more than 60%, and most preferably more than 75% of its length Lk. K a continuous course of the concentration values. A continuous course of the concentration values ​​of the concentration gradient prevents segregation effects and predetermined breaking points within the functional area, thereby increasing the strength and durability of the material. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration gradient has a Kat least in sections, preferably completely, a monotonically increasing curve of the concentration values, ie each measuring point has a higher concentration than the previous one. In another preferred embodiment, the concentration gradient over its length L K at least partially, preferably completely, a monotonically decreasing gradient, ie each measuring point has a lower concentration than the previous one. The concentration gradient has a length L K a curve of the concentration values ​​which is at least partially, preferably completely, selected from the group consisting of linearly increasing, stepwise increasing, stepwise decreasing, non-linearly increasing, linearly decreasing, exponentially decreasing, exponentially increasing and non-linearly decreasing. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite component has a maximum component extension BE which is defined by the maximum distance between two points of the component and the concentration gradient has a length L K where L K ≥ 0.05 * B E , preferably L K ≥ 0.2 * B E , preferred L K ≥ 0.3 * B E , more preferably L K ≥ 0.4 * B E , even more preferred L K ≥ 0.6 * B E , and most preferably L K ≥ 0.75 * B E , is. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the functional area has a maximum functional area extension FB E which is defined by the maximum distance between two points of the functional area and the concentration gradient has a length L K where L K ≥ 0.05 * FB E ¸ preferably L K ≥ 0.2 * FB E , preferred L K ≥ 0.3 * FB E , more preferably L K ≥ 0.4 * FB E, even more preferably L K ≥ 0.6 * FB E , and most preferably L K ≥ 0.75 * FB E , is. By extending the preferably continuous concentration gradient as far as possible, a transition as uniform as possible between the zones of different additive concentrations is achieved. The composite component therefore has increased structural integrity and strength. The composite component is preferably a panel, such as a fire protection panel. In this case, the concentration gradient preferably runs along the height H B of the plate. Preferably, the concentration gradient, especially for this case, has a length L K where L K ≥ 0.05 * HB, preferably L K ≥ 0.2* HB, preferred L K ≥ 0.3 * HB, more preferably L K ≥ 0.4 * HB, even more preferably L K ≥ 0.6 * HB, and most preferably L K≥ 0.75* HB. In other preferred embodiments, the concentration gradient runs along the length L B of the plate. Preferably, the concentration gradient, especially for this case, has a length L K where L K ≥ 0.001 * L B , preferably L K ≥ 0.004 * L B , preferred L K ≥ 0.006 * L B , more preferably L K ≥ 0.008 * L B , even more preferably L K ≥ 0.012 * L B , and most preferably L K ≥ 0.015 * L B , is. In other exemplary embodiments, the concentration gradient runs along the width B B of the plate. Preferably, the concentration gradient, especially for this case, has a length L K where L K ≥ 0.001 * B B , preferably L K ≥ 0.004 * B B , preferred L K ≥ 0.006 * B B , more preferred L K≥ 0.008 * B B , even more preferably L K ≥ 0.01 * B B , and most preferably L K ≥ 0.012 * B B. In the above embodiments, the concentration gradient preferably has only points with a concentration of the additive > 0, i.e. the course of the concentration values ​​is completely different from zero along the spatial course of the gradient, and / or the functional region and optionally the composite component are designed as a single piece, preferably cured as a single piece. Combinations of the above preferred embodiments, in which the concentration gradient each has a component along 2 or 3 of the plate axes (length, width, height), are also possible and preferred. The concentration gradient preferably has at least three points with different concentration values, preferably at least five points, more preferably at least ten points, even more preferably at least 20 points, and most preferably at least 50 points, wherein these points are preferably uniformly spaced.The concentration gradient is then preferably designed such that the concentration difference between two points arranged successively along the length of the concentration gradient and representing different volume elements is ≥ 5%, more preferably ≥ 10%, even more preferably ≥ 15%, and even more preferably ≥ 20%, based on the respective higher concentration value. This preferably applies to all adjacent concentration points of a concentration gradient. In this case, the concentration gradient particularly preferably has one of the lengths L defined above. K in relation to the component extension B E and / or to the functional area extension FB Eand / or one of the above-mentioned gradients. Preferably, none of the concentration points forming the gradient are located within the optional fiber material. Preferably, the concentration gradient is located entirely within the functional area, and particularly preferably, the concentration gradient corresponds to the functional area extension FB. EIn a preferred embodiment of the invention, the concentration gradient curve comprises at least two different sub-regions. For example, the concentration gradient curve may initially decrease linearly and then increase gradually. This allows complex concentration curves to be realized in the composite component. Preferably, the concentration gradient comprises sub-regions of different gradients. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the concentration gradient has a point of highest concentration C max and a point of lowest concentration C min where C max / C min≥ 2, preferably ≥ 5, even more preferably ≥ 10, even more preferably ≥ 20, and most preferably ≥ 30. By means of a correspondingly strong gradient in the concentration values, a high local difference in the expression of the material property caused or influenced by the additive can be achieved in the functional layer. An embodiment in which the point of highest concentration C max and the point of lowest concentration C min of the concentration gradient a minimum distance L Cmax->min where L Cmax->min ≥ 0.05 * B E , preferably L Cmax->min ≥ 0.2 * B E , preferred L Cmax->min ≥ 0.3 * B E , more preferably L Cmax->min ≥ 0.4 * B E , even more preferably LCmax->min ≥ 0.5 * B EHowever, for other applications, it may also be advantageous to have a gradient in the functional area, but with limited local concentration differences. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, C max / C min therefore ≤ 2, preferably ≤ 5, even more preferably ≤ 10, even more preferably ≤ 20 and most preferably ≤ 30. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, C max / C min in a range between 1.5 - 50, preferably 3 - 30, even more preferably 5 - 25, even more preferably 5 - 20 and most preferably 7 - 15. In the preferred embodiments described above, the composite component particularly preferably has a maximum component extension B E which is defined by the maximum distance between two points of the component and the concentration gradient preferably has a length L K where L K ≥ 0.05 * B E¸ preferably L K ≥ 0.2 * B E , preferred L K ≥ 0.3 * B E , more preferably L K ≥ 0.4 * B E , even more preferably L K ≥ 0.6 * B E , and most preferably L K ≥ 0.75 * B E, is. The concentration gradient is preferably designed such that an increased additive concentration is present on one, several or all surfaces of the composite component, which decreases towards the interior or vice versa. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the concentration gradient therefore runs at least in sections parallel or as an extension of an orthogonal projection of one of the outer surfaces of the functional region; in this case, the concentration of the additive particularly preferably increases at least in sections, preferably continuously in the direction of one of the outer surfaces. An orthogonal projection in the sense of the invention is an image of a point on a plane that forms one of the outer surfaces of the composite component, so that the connecting line between the point and its image forms a right angle with this plane. The image then has the shortest distance to the starting point of all points in the plane.Preferably, the concentration gradient is designed such that the point of highest concentration of the gradient C. max on or in the immediate vicinity, ie in a complaint of maximum 0.1 * B E, is arranged to all points of the nearest outer surface. The term “outer surface” is understood to mean a surface which does not border on another region of the composite component and thus delimits the composite component to the outside. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the functional region has two or more concentration gradients, wherein the two or more concentration gradients are preferably designed such that the concentration of the additive increases towards the same outer surface. Since the additive often serves to control a material property which has a special functional connection with the outer surfaces, such an arrangement is particularly preferred. For example, the additive can serve to improve impact resistance and is therefore particularly preferably present in cumulative form on or in the vicinity of one of the outer surfaces.This embodiment is particularly preferred when the additive is to be subjected to further thermal treatment, such as carbonization, after introduction into the composite component. In another preferred embodiment, the concentration gradient is designed such that the point of highest concentration is located centrally in the component, i.e., at a distance of ≥ 0.1 * B. E , preferably ≥ 0.2 * B E, to the nearest or all outer surfaces. In a cuboid or cube-shaped design of the component, the above complaint preferably applies to two or more outer surfaces. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the functional area is a fire protection area and for this purpose has a flame retardant as an additive that reduces the flammability of the functional layer. In this case, the flame retardant is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of halogenated and / or nitrogen-based flame retardants, inorganic flame retardants such as graphite salts, aluminum trihydroxide, antimony trioxide, ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum diethylphosphinate, mica, muscovite, guanidines, triazines, sulfates, borates, cyanurates, salts thereof and mixtures thereof.In other preferred embodiments, the additive is selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, light, in particular UV stabilizers, plasticizers, foaming agents, electrical conductors, heat conductors, dyes, fillers for improving mechanical properties such as impact modifiers or rubber or thermoplastic particles, and mixtures of the aforementioned. The additive can be dissolved or dispersed in the matrix material. If it is dispersed, it is preferably present in the form of a powder, flakes, tubes, or mixtures of the aforementioned forms. If the additive is a flame retardant, it is preferably selected from the group of active, i.e. cooling, flame retardants or from the group of passive, i.e. insulating, flame retardants. The flame retardant is particularly preferably an intumescent flame retardant.The functional region, like the other optional regions, can comprise further additives. In particular, the functional region can comprise several different additives which have different, preferably continuous concentration gradients. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the matrix material contains or is a polymeric matrix material, which particularly preferably comprises one or more thermosets. The matrix material is preferably a polymeric matrix material selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, in particular polyvinyl chloride rigid foam, and phenolic and epoxy resins. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the fiber material has a surface structure, preferably a textile surface structure, at least in sections, preferably completely.The surface structure is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of scrims, knitwear, woven fabrics, braids, nonwovens, or mixtures thereof. According to the invention, nonwoven is understood to be a structure made of fibers of limited length, continuous fibers (filaments), or cut yarns of any type and of any origin, which have been combined in some way to form a fiber layer and bonded to one another in some way. This excludes the crossing or interlacing of yarns, as occurs in weaving, knitting, lace production, braiding, and the manufacture of tufted products. This definition corresponds to the standard DIN EN ISO 9092. According to the invention, the term nonwoven also includes felt materials. However, films and papers do not belong to the category of nonwovens. For the purposes of the invention, braiding is understood to mean the regular interlacing of several strands of flexible material.The difference to weaving is that in braiding the threads are not fed at right angles to the main product direction. According to the invention, a fabric is understood to be a textile sheet structure consisting of two thread systems, warp (warp threads) and weft (weft threads), which intersect in a pattern at an angle of exactly or approximately 90° when viewed on the fabric surface. Each of the two systems can be made up of several warp or weft types (e.g. ground, pile and filling warp; ground, binding and filling weft). The warp threads run in the lengthwise direction of the fabric, parallel to the fabric edge, and the weft threads run in the crosswise direction, parallel to the fabric edge. The threads are connected to the fabric primarily by friction. In order for a fabric to be sufficiently slip-resistant, the warp and weft threads must usually be woven relatively tightly. Therefore, with a few exceptions, the fabrics also have a closed fabric appearance.This definition corresponds to the standard DIN 61100, Part 1. According to the invention, the terms woven fabric and nonwoven fabric also include tufted textile materials. Tufting is a process in which yarns are anchored into a woven fabric or nonwoven fabric using a machine powered by compressed air and / or electricity. According to the invention, knitwear is understood to mean textile materials made from thread systems by stitch formation. This includes both crocheted and knitted fabrics. According to the invention, a scrim is understood to be a flat structure consisting of one or more layers of parallel, stretched threads. The threads are usually fixed at the intersection points. Fixing takes place either by fabric bonding or mechanically through friction and / or form fit. The scrim is preferably selected from a monoaxial or unidirectional, a biaxial or multiaxial scrim.The fiber material preferably has an anisotropic structure, i.e., within the functional layer according to the invention, the fibers have a specific fiber orientation. This can produce an anisotropic mechanical behavior of the layer composite. The fiber material is preferably selected from the group consisting of glass fibers, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, basalt fibers, boron fibers, steel fibers, polymer fibers such as synthetic fibers, in particular aramid and nylon fibers, or natural fibers, in particular natural polymer fibers. Natural fibers are fibers that originate from natural sources such as plants, animals, or minerals and can be used directly without further chemical conversion reactions. Examples of these according to the invention are flax or hemp fibers, as well as protein fibers or cotton. Regenerated fibers can also be used according to the invention, i.e.Fibers that are produced from naturally occurring, renewable raw materials via chemical processes. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the entire additive present in the composite component in the functional area is essentially, i.e. ≥ 70 wt. %, preferably ≥ 80 wt. %, even more preferably ≥ 90 wt. %, and most preferably completely, present in a spatially limited first subsection of the functional area. This first subsection preferably encloses at least one outer surface of the composite component, at least in sections, preferably completely. If the composite component has more than one functional area, then the above-mentioned weight proportion and the volume proportions mentioned below preferably relate to one or more than one functional area. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the volume V. T1of the first subsection, in which the additive of the functional area is essentially located, a significant part of the total volume of the functional area V FB V is preferred T1 ≥ 0.1 * V FB , preferred V T1 ≥ 0.3 * V FB , even more preferred V T1 ≥ 0.5 * V FB , even more preferred V T1 ≥ 0.7 * V FB and most preferably V T1 ≥ 0.9 * V FB In a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is preferably combined with the above preferred embodiment, the functional area has a second section in which no additive is located. The volume V T2 this second subsection is preferably V T2 ≤ 0.7 * V FB , preferred V T2 ≤ 0.5 * V FB , more preferred V T2 ≤ 0.3 * V FB , even more preferred V T2 ≤ 0.2 * V FB and most preferably V T2≤ 0.1 * V FB . In another particularly preferred embodiment, the entire additive in the composite component is arranged substantially, preferably completely, in the functional region. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the volume V T1 of the section in which the additive of the functional area is essentially located, small in relation to the total volume of the functional area V FB . V is preferred T1 ≤ 0.7 * V FB , preferred V T1 ≤ 0.5 * V FB , more preferred V T1 ≤ 0.3 * V FB , even more preferred V T1 ≤ 0.2 * V FB and most preferably V T1 ≤ 0.1 * V FB In a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is preferably combined with the above preferred embodiment, the functional area has a second section in which no additive is located. The volume V T2this second subsection is preferably V T2 ≥ 0.1 * V FB , preferred V T2 ≥ 0.2 * V FB , more preferred V T2 ≥ 0.3 * V FB , even more preferred V T2 ≥ 0.5 * V FB and most preferably V T2 ≥ 0.7 * V FB . Preferably, the volume of the functional area forms more than 50% of the volume of the composite component, more preferably more than 65%, even more preferably more than 75%, even more preferably more than 90%, and most preferably more than 95% or even 100%. For these cases, the composite component is particularly preferably designed in one piece, preferably cured in one piece. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the volume V T1 of the first section, in which the additive of the functional area is essentially located, a significant part of the total volume of the composite component V KB V is preferredT1 ≥ 0.1 * V KB , preferred V T1 ≥ 0.3 * V KB , even more preferred V T1 ≥ 0.5 * V KB , even more preferred V T1 ≥ 0.7 * V KB and most preferably V T1 ≥ 0.9 * V KB In a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is preferably combined with the above preferred embodiment, the functional area has a second section in which no additive is located. The volume V T2 this second subsection is preferably V T2 ≤ 0.7 * V KB , preferred V T2 ≤ 0.5 * V KB , more preferred V T2 ≤ 0.3 * V KB , even more preferred V T2 ≤ 0.2 * V KB and most preferably V T2 ≤ 0.1 * V KB . In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the volume V T1of the section in which the additive of the functional area is essentially located, small in relation to the total volume of the composite component V KB . V is preferred T1 ≤ 0.7 * V KB , preferred V T1 ≤ 0.5 * V KB , more preferred V T1 ≤ 0.3 * V KB , even more preferred V T1 ≤ 0.2 * V KB and most preferably V T1 ≤ 0.1 * V KB In a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is preferably combined with the above preferred embodiment, the functional area has a second section in which no additive is located. The volume V T2 this second subsection is preferably V T2 ≥ 0.1 * V KB , preferred V T2 ≥ 0.2 * V KB , more preferred V T2 ≥ 0.3 * V KB , even more preferred V T2 ≥ 0.5 * V KB and most preferably V T2 ≥ 0.7 * V KB. Preferably, the volume of the functional region forms more than 50% of the volume of the composite component, more preferably more than 65%, even more preferably more than 75%, even more preferably more than 90%, and most preferably more than 95%. In this case, the composite component is particularly preferably designed in one piece, preferably cured in one piece. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the functional region has only volume sections with additive, ie V T1 = V FB and / or the composite component consists of the functional area, ie V FB = V KB . The additive is particularly preferably present at ≥ 70 wt.%, preferably ≥ 80 wt.%, more preferably ≥ 90 wt.%, even more preferably ≥ 95 wt.% and most preferably completely in the volume V FBThe composite component according to the invention is preferably a motor vehicle component, a building component, a composite part for an aircraft or spacecraft or a rail vehicle, or a part of the aforementioned. In a preferred embodiment, the motor vehicle component which is formed by the composite component, or of which the composite component is a part, is a component of a battery housing, particularly preferably the base or cover plate. Further preferred motor vehicle components are selected from the group consisting of trunk loading floors, dashboards, door and roof panels, underbody protection parts, structural components, wheel housings, engine compartment parts, brake and clutch linings and discs, sound insulation, thrust fields, and seals. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite component is a part of an aircraft or spacecraft, such as an airplane.Preferred parts in this context are tail rotor blades, main rotor hub plates, engine components, tanks, fuselage structures, fire protection elements such as fire protection layers, rotating parts, turbine blades, and wings. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the composite component is a structural component, for example, for a wind turbine. Preferred parts in this context are rotor blades for wind turbines, in particular the structural and outer skin parts of the nacelle, lines and pipes, walls, and roofs.The invention also relates to a method for producing one of the aforementioned composite components, which comprises the following steps: I) providing a composition for forming a composite component in a shaping tool, such as a compression mold, comprising or consisting of a) a fiber material, b) one or more precursor compounds for a matrix material, c) an additive, preferably a flame retardant, II) applying a predetermined pressure, preferably by pressing, and a predetermined temperature to the composition in order to obtain the composite component.Step I) preferably comprises one, several or all of the following sub-steps: a) providing one or more layers of a fiber material in a shaping tool, for example by a hand-laying process, b) providing one or more precursor compounds for a matrix material, c) providing one or more additives, preferably dissolved in the one or more precursor compounds, d) bringing the one or more precursor compounds for a matrix material into contact with the fiber material, preferably by spraying, e) at least partially reacting the one or more precursor compounds, such as a system of resin, hardener and an optional release agent, to obtain a matrix material (= curing).In the process according to the invention, the additive can generally be introduced into the functional area by the following process measures: i) The fiber material used can be provided with the additive, for example by applying a solution of the additive or applying an additive powder, which can optionally be provided with a binder for better adhesion to the fiber material, ii) the additive is preferably introduced in dissolved and / or dispersed form into the one or more precursor compounds, iii) the additive is introduced into an unfilled shaping tool or a shaping tool partially or completely filled with the one or more precursor compounds.The local modification of the material properties by varying additive distribution in the matrix material can be produced, for example, by i) different local accumulation of the additive on the fiber material or a prepreg that is introduced into the forming tool, ii) varying the concentration of the additive present in dissolved and / or dispersed form in the one or more precursor compounds upon introduction into the forming tool, iii) the additive is introduced in a locally graduated manner into the at least partially filled forming tool before, during or after the reaction of the one or more precursor compounds. The predetermined pressure in step II) of the method defined in claim 15 is preferably in a range from 1 bar to 1000 bar, particularly preferably from 5 bar to 500 bar, even more preferably from 10 bar to 100 bar, and most preferably from 20 to 50 bar.The predetermined temperature in step II) of the process defined in claim 15 is preferably in a range from 10°C to 900°C, particularly preferably from 15°C to 700°C, even more preferably from 20°C to 500°C, and most preferably from 25°C to 200°C. The process for producing the composite component according to the invention is particularly preferably a wet pressing process. In such a process, liquid reactive resins are processed as precursor compounds together with reinforcing fibers in two-part molds. The upper and lower mold parts are closed by means of a press. During the wet pressing process, the resin is usually poured onto the fiber mats centrally or according to a fixed pouring plan. In this step, the additive can be added at different times, preferably with varying concentrations.Polyurethane, epoxy resin, or polyamide systems are typically used. These systems are formed from two or more precursor compounds that are mixed in a special mixing head to form a reactive liquid plastic. A slot die or other distribution system is preferred for application to the fiber mats. The fiber mats are preferably laid as fiber carpets. This process is characterized by its particularly high efficiency. As the mold closes, the plastic is distributed throughout the mold under the pressure of the press, wetting the reinforcing fibers. The plastic / resin cures simultaneously or subsequently—usually at elevated temperatures. Once the plastic has cured, the component's dimensional stability is ensured, and it can be demolded after the mold is opened.The additive is preferably introduced into the functional layer by admixing it with one or more of the precursor compounds for the matrix material. By varying the additive content, a concentration gradient can be generated when feeding the matrix material into the shaping tool. In the processes for producing the composite components according to the invention, the fiber mats can be preformed into a so-called preform, particularly in the case of increased geometric complexity. The invention also relates to the use of a composite component as defined in the claims and in the preceding sections, as a motor vehicle component, structural component, composite part for an aircraft or spacecraft, rail vehicle component, or a part of the aforementioned. Use as part of a battery housing, in particular for a lithium-ion battery, is particularly preferred.The invention also relates to the use of a concentration gradient of an additive in a composite component to obtain locally varying material properties, in particular locally varying combustibility or locally varying shielding properties, of the composite component, wherein the composite component is preferably designed as a single piece. The invention also relates to the use of a concentration gradient of an additive arranged within a matrix material of a composite component to obtain locally varying material properties of the composite component.

[0002] LIST OF FIGURES The present invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. Fig. 1 shows a composite component 1 which is formed in one piece and consists of a functional region which comprises a fibre material, a matrix material and an additive. The fibre material is represented graphically by horizontal lines. The fibre material embedded in the matrix material is not shown explicitly to simplify the illustration. The concentration of the introduced additive, such as a flame retardant additive, increases continuously in the direction of the arrow. This is represented by increasing shading of the composite component. Fig. 2 shows a composite component 1 which is formed in several pieces, wherein the additive-containing layers 2, 3 and 4 each have different concentrations which are constant within the layer.The concentration of the additive is higher in layer 2 than in layer 3, which in turn has a higher concentration of the additive than layer 4. This results in a higher concentration of the additive towards the upper outer surface of the composite component, thus increasing the expression of the property caused or influenced by the additive. Fig. 3 shows a composite component 1 in which the additive is arranged in one section of the functional area. Fig. 4 shows a composite component 1 in which two different additives are arranged in two different sections.

[0003] DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT Fig. 1 shows schematically and by way of example a composite component according to the invention, such as can be used, for example, for a cover or base of a battery housing for an electric vehicle. Depending on the arrangement of the battery cells in the housing, certain areas of the cover are exposed to particularly high temperatures in the event of a battery fire, and particularly high concentrations of fire protection additives are necessary in these sections of the cover. To produce such a composite component, several layers of carbon fiber multiaxial fabric are cut to the size of the cover or base to be produced and stacked on top of one another. The total grammage of the textiles as well as the distribution of the proportions of different fiber directions (e.g.The angles (below 0°, + and - 45° as well as 90° in relation to the vehicle's longitudinal axis) are determined during the design process according to the mechanical and other loads on the cover. In a simple basic structure, the proportions of the orientations at 0°, - 45°, 45° and 90° are equal, creating a so-called quasi-isotropic laminate. A resin-hardener mixture of an epoxy resin is distributed over the entire surface of the stack of layers. In the areas subject to the most temperature stress, e.g. in the center of the future component, a high concentration of a fire protection additive such as aluminum hydroxide is mixed into the resin, whereas in the less stressed edge areas only a low concentration is added. This creates a concentration gradient of the additive. The stack of layers is then placed in a press and compressed between two tool halves that have the geometry of the future component.The resin—including the additive in the center—is pressed into the layer stack, and the reinforcing fibers are embedded in the resin-additive mixture. Sufficient press clamping force ensures that the layer stack is compressed to the correct component thickness. An increased temperature of the mold halves accelerates the reaction of the resin and hardener components of the epoxy resin, allowing it to react quickly to form the matrix material. The component is then removed from the mold and processed for the final steps. Reference numeral 1: Composite component 2: Layer with an additive concentration of C. a 3 layer with an additive concentration C b 4 layer with an additive concentration C c 5 First section with first additive 6 Second section with second additive

Claims

Patent claims 1. Composite component comprising the following components: a) a fiber material, b) a matrix material, and c) a functional area with an additive arranged therein, which induces or influences a material property, in particular an optical, thermal, mechanical, and / or electromagnetic material property, in the functional area, characterized in that the functional area has a concentration gradient of the additive such that the material property induced or influenced by the additive is expressed to varying degrees in the functional area.

2. Composite component according to claim 1, wherein the concentration gradient is formed such that the concentration of the additive increases at least section by section, preferably completely, in the direction of one of the outer surfaces of the functional area and / or the composite component. 3.

4. Composite component according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the concentration values ​​of the concentration gradient increase or decrease continuously, at least section by section, preferably completely, along its spatial course.

5. Composite component according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the concentration gradient has at least two sections in which it has different concentration value profiles. max and a point of lowest concentration C min includes, where C max / C min ≥ 5, preferably ≥ 10, is.

6. Composite component according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the concentration gradient runs at least sectionally parallel to or in extension to an orthogonal projection of one of the outer surfaces of the functional area and / or the composite component.

7. Composite component according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the functional area is a fire protection area, the additive is a flame retardant, and the material property caused or influenced by the additive is flammability.

8. Composite component according to claim 7, wherein the flame retardant is selected from the group consisting of halogenated and / or nitrogen-based flame retardants, inorganic flame retardants such as graphite salts, aluminum trihydroxide, antimony trioxide, ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum diethylphosphinate, mica, muscovite, or mixtures thereof. 9.Composite component according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the additive is dispersed in the matrix material, preferably in the form of a powder, flakes, tubes, or mixtures of the aforementioned forms.

10. Composite component according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the matrix material contains or is a polymeric matrix material, particularly preferably a thermoset.

11. Composite component according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fiber material has at least partially, preferably completely, a preferably textile surface structure selected from the group consisting of nonwovens, woven fabrics, nonwovens, or mixtures thereof, wherein the fiber material is preferably selected from glass fibers, carbon fibers, basalt fibers, ceramic fibers, steel fibers, polymer fibers such as synthetic fibers, in particular aramid and nylon fibers, or natural polymer fibers such as flax, hemp, or protein fibers. 12.Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the functional area includes at least one outer surface of the composite component at least section by section.

13. Composite component according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composite component is formed in one piece and / or the functional area comprises ≥ 30%, preferably ≥ 50%, of the volume of the composite component.

14. Automotive component or building component comprising a composite component according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the automotive component is preferably a component of a battery housing, particularly preferably the base or cover plate. 15.A method for manufacturing a composite component according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps: I) providing a composition for forming a composite component in a forming tool, such as a press mold, comprising or consisting of a) a fibrous material, b) a precursor compound for a matrix material, and c) an additive, preferably a flame retardant; II) applying a predetermined pressure and temperature to the composition to obtain the composite component.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the method is a wet pressing process.

17. Using a composite component according to any one of the preceding claims as or in a motor vehicle component, preferably as part of a battery housing.

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