Method for constructing a multistorey building comprising an elevator system and tower crane

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for constructing a multi-story building (19) comprising an elevator system (10), comprising the method steps of providing shaft modules (14, 16, 18) and stacking the provided shaft modules (14, 16, 18) on a base slab (13) of the building (19) to form an elevator shaft (12) of the elevator system (10). According to the invention, the further method steps of arranging a crane boom (50) at the top of the elevator shaft (12) and moving building materials (76) for the construction of the building (19) are carried out using the crane boom (50). The invention also relates to a tower crane (80) with a crane tower (78) and a crane boom (50) arranged at the top of the crane tower (78), which is designed as an elevator shaft (12) of an elevator system (10) consisting of stacked shaft modules (14, 16, 18).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for constructing a multi-story building comprising an elevator system according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a tower crane according to the preamble of claim 7.

[0002] During the construction of a building, particularly a multi-story building that includes an elevator system, a crane is required to move building materials. The crane is usually required for an extended period of time, so it remains at the building construction site for that period. The building construction site can also be referred to as the construction site of the building and the elevator system. Typically, so-called tower cranes are used, which have a vertically extending crane tower and a horizontally extending crane boom arranged at the top of the crane tower. The crane boom usually has a so-called trolley, which can be moved along the crane boom and carries a hoist rope. A hook is usually attached to the hoist rope, by means of which a load, for example in the form of building materials, can be suspended and thus moved with the crane boom and thus with the tower crane.Such a tower crane is described, for example, in DE 4206359 A1.

[0003] In conventional tower cranes, the crane tower consists of a lattice girder structure or a metal truss and is either mounted on a so-called undercarriage or firmly anchored in the ground. The crane tower therefore requires a footprint on the construction site or at the building site.

[0004] In contrast, the object of the invention is, in particular, to propose a method and a tower crane that require minimal space at the construction site of the building. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and a tower crane having the features of claim 7.

[0005] The inventive method for constructing a multi-story building incorporating an elevator system comprises the method steps of providing shaft modules and stacking the provided shaft modules on a floor slab of the building to form an elevator shaft of the elevator system. According to the invention, it comprises the further method steps of arranging a crane boom at the top of the elevator shaft and moving construction material for constructing the building using the crane boom. The elevator shaft of the elevator system thus forms the crane tower supporting the crane boom. The tower crane formed from the elevator shaft and crane boom thus utilizes the footprint of the existing elevator shaft and therefore requires no additional space at the building construction site. When using a tower crane, the crane tower required in addition to the elevator shaft would require a footprint and thus space, which is now eliminated, thereby achieving numerous advantages.When using the inventive method during the construction of a building, the space required at the construction site is particularly small. Furthermore, by using the elevator shaft, which is already required as a crane tower, no additional crane tower needs to be constructed, saving time, money, and the transportation effort required for the additional crane tower. The use of the inventive method thus also enables a particularly cost-effective and time-efficient construction of a building.

[0006] The aforementioned object is also achieved by a tower crane with a crane tower and a crane boom arranged at the top of the crane tower. According to the invention, the crane tower is designed as an elevator shaft of an elevator system consisting of stacked shaft modules. The tower crane according to the invention also offers the advantages described for the method.

[0007] The embodiments and exemplary embodiments of the invention described below relate equally to the method and the tower crane. In other words, features mentioned below, for example, with reference to the tower crane, can also be implemented as method steps, and vice versa. The tower crane is thus configured in particular so that the described methods can be carried out with it.

[0008] It has already been proposed to construct the elevator shaft of an elevator system from several prefabricated shaft modules with shaft walls in which elevator components, such as guide rail sections, are at least partially pre-assembled. Prefabrication and pre-assembly do not take place on the construction site of the building containing the elevator, i.e., at the site where the building and elevator system are constructed, but in a factory and thus at a manufacturing site. It is still common practice today to construct the elevator shaft together with the floors of the building housing the elevator system. After the elevator shaft is completed, the elevator system, along with its elevator components such as the car, counterweight, drive motor, and guide rails, is installed in the elevator shaft.In contrast, the described use of shaft modules has the advantage of reducing the time required for the construction of the elevator shaft and the installation of the elevator system at the construction site. Furthermore, the use of shaft modules has a positive impact on the quality of the installation and the occupational safety of the installation personnel.

[0009] For example, WO 2022 / 233803 A1 describes a method for constructing an elevator shaft from individual shaft modules that are stacked on top of each other to form an elevator shaft. This also, at least implicitly, describes a method for constructing a multi-story building comprising an elevator system.

[0010] In the following, directional information such as up, down, and sideways, or vertical and horizontal, refers to the orientation of the respective component in the elevator system's operating state. The operating state of the elevator system refers to the state after installation and commissioning of the elevator system. In the elevator system's operating state, people and / or goods can be transported in the elevator car between floors of the building housing the elevator system.

[0011] The building constructed using the method according to the invention is multi-story, meaning it has several floors, for example, three to ten. Provision of a shaft module here means that the shaft module is manufactured at the production site and transported to the construction site. The various shaft modules can be manufactured at different production sites, and different manufacturing steps for each shaft module can be carried out at different production sites.

[0012] At least some of the shaft modules, not necessarily all shaft modules, have shaft doors. In particular, a lowest shaft module and a topmost shaft module of the elevator shaft may not have a shaft door. A shaft module may have one or more than one shaft door. A shaft door closes off an opening in a shaft module, a so-called shaft opening. If no car is arranged at a shaft door, the shaft door is closed and thus prevents access from the floor into the elevator shaft. A shaft door is usually opened and closed together with a car door of the car. If there is at least one shaft door on a floor, a car of the elevator system can stop at this shaft door and access to the car can be gained by opening the shaft door.

[0013] When stacking the provided shaft modules on the building's floor slab, the lowest shaft module is placed on the floor slab first. This lowest shaft module can also be referred to as the pit module. Placing the pit module on the floor slab here means that the pit module is lowered or placed on the floor slab. This is done in particular using a mobile crane, for example in the form of a so-called telescopic mobile crane. A mobile crane here is understood to mean a mobile crane, in particular a mobile jib crane on a wheeled or tracked vehicle.

[0014] After being positioned on the shaft floor, the entire pit module can be aligned, for example, by placing leveling plates underneath it, for example, to compensate for unevenness in the floor slab or to ensure vertical alignment of the side walls. One or more lasers can be used to align the pit module and other shaft modules. The floor slab does not have to be completely flat; it can, in particular, have a recess into which the pit module is inserted. It is also possible that during the construction of the elevator shaft, not the entire base plate exists yet, but only a portion of the base plate onto which the pit module is placed.

[0015] At least one, usually more than one, further shaft module is placed on top of the pit module, also using the mobile crane. These additional shaft modules, which are particularly identical, are referred to here as base modules. The elevator shaft is closed off at the top in particular by a so-called top module, which has a shaft ceiling and optionally a drive for the elevator system. It is also possible for the elevator shaft to have a base module as the uppermost shaft module and for the elevator shaft to be closed off at the top at a later point in time with a top module or a shaft ceiling. After the shaft modules have been stacked on top to form the elevator shaft of the elevator system, a crane boom is arranged at the top of the elevator shaft. This results in the elevator shaft acting as a crane tower and the crane boom forming a tower crane.

[0016] The crane boom is primarily designed as a lattice structure or a metal truss. It can generally be constructed like the conventional crane booms of tower cranes. The crane boom extends horizontally and, in particular, has a trolley that can be moved along the crane boom and carries a hoist rope with a hook.

[0017] The crane boom, in particular, features a so-called slewing mechanism, by means of which the crane boom can be rotated around a vertical axis of rotation running through the elevator shaft. The tower crane, formed by the elevator shaft as the crane tower and the crane boom, is thus designed, in particular, as a top-slewing tower crane.

[0018] The crane boom is arranged on the elevator shaft, in particular via an outer side of the top shaft module of the elevator shaft. An outer side is understood to mean the outward-facing side of a wall or the ceiling of a shaft module. To arrange or fasten the crane boom on the elevator shaft, two metal double-T girders can be fixed, for example screwed, on top and thus on the outside of the shaft ceiling of the top module. The crane boom, in particular the slewing gear of the crane boom, is then fixed, for example screwed or clamped with suitable clamps, on these double-T girders. It is also possible to first fasten, in particular screwed, a frame to the outside of the top shaft module of the elevator shaft. An outer contour of the frame can be matched to an inner contour of a recess in the crane boom, so that the crane boom can be placed on or hung from the frame.pushed onto the frame and then connected, in particular screwed, to the frame. The crane boom and the frame have, in particular, corresponding recesses provided for this purpose, for example in the form of through holes. The aforementioned double-T beams and the aforementioned frame are arranged on the top module, in particular before the top module is placed on the elevator shaft. This can be done, for example, at the manufacturing site or before placement at the construction site. It is also possible for the crane boom to be attached, in particular screwed, directly to the outside of the top shaft module, without the need for any intermediate beams or a frame.

[0019] It is also possible that when the crane boom is positioned on the topmost shaft module, the elevator shaft is still open at the top, meaning it is not yet closed off at the top by a pit module with a shaft ceiling. In this case, the crane boom can also be positioned on the elevator shaft via an inner side of the topmost shaft module of the elevator shaft.

[0020] After positioning the crane boom in the elevator shaft, the resulting tower crane can be put into operation. This may require additional steps, such as attaching a counterweight to the crane boom. These steps are generally the same as those required for commissioning conventional tower cranes.

[0021] As soon as the resulting tower crane is ready for operation, the building materials required for the construction of the building, such as concrete parts, concrete, bricks or tiles, can be moved to the desired location using the tower crane.

[0022] In an embodiment of the invention, the elevator system is used as a construction elevator during the construction of the building. The elevator is thus used as a construction elevator before the crane boom is removed from the elevator shaft. A construction elevator is understood to be an elevator with which building materials and construction workers can be transported during the construction of a building. Known construction elevators are often designed as temporary elevators on the exterior facade of a building under construction. Such external elevators are comparatively expensive, complex to install, slow, and noisy. Using the building's elevator system as a construction elevator eliminates the need for such an external elevator, enabling cost-effective construction of the building and preventing unwanted noise emissions during construction.

[0023] In particular, an elevator car only serves the shaft doors of previously created floors in the building; the elevator therefore only serves previously created floors. For this purpose, the elevator control system of the elevator system is configured accordingly via a configuration interface.

[0024] In one embodiment of the invention, side walls of a shaft module adjacent to another shaft module have an outer horizontal edge, which is located below an inner horizontal edge of said side walls. This effectively prevents water from penetrating the elevator shaft from the outside. In particular, all horizontal edges of the shaft modules are designed in this way. For this purpose, the side walls of the shaft modules have, for example, a stepped cross-section.

[0025] In an embodiment of the invention, the elevator shaft and thus at least some shaft modules have shaft doors. These shaft doors are covered to the outside by means of a cover before the shaft modules are stacked on top of one another, or are provided with such a cover. The cover is arranged on the shaft modules, in particular at the production site. The cover is removed when or before the shaft door is approached by the elevator car. This protects shaft doors that do not yet have a constructed floor from the effects of the weather, and the penetration of water into the elevator shaft via these shaft doors can be prevented. The cover can be designed, for example, as a tarpaulin or a panel, for example made of wood or plastic.

[0026] In one embodiment of the invention, adjacent shaft modules are connected to each other in a tensile-resistant manner. This ensures that the resulting elevator shaft is particularly stable and sturdy. A tensile-resistant connection here means that adjacent shaft modules cannot be separated from each other vertically.

[0027] The connection mentioned is created, for example, by means of brackets, particularly galvanized steel brackets, connecting two adjacent shaft modules. The brackets can be arranged on the outside and / or inside of the shaft modules.

[0028] Further advantages, features, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments and from the drawings, in which identical or functionally equivalent elements are provided with identical reference numerals. The drawings are merely schematic and not to scale.

[0029] Showing: Fig. 1 a snapshot of a basic module being placed on a not yet completed elevator shaft of an elevator system, Fig. 2 an enlarged view of side walls of two adjacent shaft modules, Fig. 3 a tower crane whose crane tower is designed as an elevator shaft from assembled shaft modules and Fig. 4 a block diagram of a method for constructing a building containing an elevator system.

[0030] In Fig. 1 It is shown how a second basic module 16 is placed from above onto an unfinished elevator shaft 11 by means of a mobile crane 20. The mobile crane 20 has a telescopic boom 7, which is arranged on a wheeled vehicle 9. For the construction of the unfinished elevator shaft 11, a pit module 14 was first placed on a floor slab 13 of a building to be constructed (19 in Fig. 3 ) by means of the mobile crane 20. The base plate 13 has a recess 17 into which the pit module 14 is inserted and which thus receives a lower part of the pit module 14. A first base module 16 was then placed and aligned on the pit module 14 by means of the mobile crane 20. The first base module 16 is then connected to the pit module 14 in a tensile manner by means of tabs 15, in particular metal tabs. For this purpose, two tabs 15 are arranged on each of two opposite side walls 25 of the pit module 14 and the first base module 16. It is also possible for corresponding tabs to be arranged on all side walls.

[0031] All additional shaft modules are also connected to each other in this way, ensuring a tensile strength. The pit module 14 and the base modules 16 each have a shaft door 21, which is covered by a cover 23 in the form of a plate when the unfinished elevator shaft 11 is constructed. A car (22 in Fig. 3 ) of the elevator system can stop at a shaft door 21.

[0032] In Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of two adjacent side walls 25 of the pit module 14 and the first base module 16. These are the Fig. 1 right side walls 25. The side walls 25 have a stepped cross-section such that an outer horizontal edge 27, i.e., the horizontal edge on an outside, is arranged below an inner horizontal edge 29, i.e., the horizontal edge on an inside. This applies in particular to all horizontal edges of all shaft modules.

[0033] To access the unfinished elevator shaft 11 from Fig. 1 To complete the system, another basic module 16 and finally a pit module (18 in Fig. 3 ) using the mobile crane 20 and connected to the shaft module underneath in a tension-resistant manner. The resulting completed elevator shaft 12 is in Fig. 3 depicted as part of an elevator system 10. The aforementioned shaft modules 14, 16, 18 were prefabricated in a factory, and thus at a production site, and equipped with elevator components. They were then transported from the production site to the construction site of the building 19 housing the elevator system 10, and thus to a production site.

[0034] In the completed elevator shaft 12, the elevator components necessary for the operation of the elevator system 10, such as guide rails, are installed and aligned. This can be referred to as the installation of the elevator system 10. The installation thus takes place before the building is completed, and thus before the floors of the building are constructed. The installation of the elevator system can also take place after the building is completed.

[0035] The resulting elevator system 10 of the Fig. 3 has a cabin 22 which is arranged along Fig. 3 not shown guide rails in the elevator shaft 12. For this purpose, the elevator system 10 has a suspension means 24, the first end 26 of which is fixed in the top module 18. It then runs around the bottom of the car 22 and is guided via a drive machine 28 arranged opposite the first end 26 of the suspension means 24 in the top module 18. From there, it runs through a suspension of a counterweight 30 to its second end 32, which is fixed in the area of ​​the drive machine 28. The drive machine 28 can move the suspension means 24 and thus the car 22 in the elevator shaft 12. The car 22 is connected via a hanging cable 34 to an elevator control 36 arranged in the top module 18. The hanging cable 34 enables power supply and communication with the car 22. The elevator control 36 has a configuration interface via which it can be configured.The configuration interface is designed as a known interface to a mobile configuration device (not shown), in the form of a smartphone with a corresponding app.

[0036] After the installation of the elevator system 10, its commissioning follows. This also occurs before the building is completed and therefore before all floors of the building have been constructed. The positions of the various shaft doors 21 are stored in the elevator control system 36. This is done using a known, automated learning run. Furthermore, safety checks are performed during commissioning. After the elevator system 10 is commissioned, it can be used as a construction elevator. The cabin 22 can be used to transport construction workers and building materials during the construction of the building 19. Only shaft doors 21 that are located on an already constructed floor are accessed.

[0037] The elevator system can also be put into operation after the building's completion. In this case, the elevator system would not be used as a construction elevator.

[0038] In addition, the mobile crane 20 will be used to Fig. 3 The crane boom 50 shown is arranged on the uppermost shaft module and thus on the top module 18 of the elevator shaft 12. Two parallel T-beams 52 are fixed to the outer side of a ceiling of the top module 18 and thus to the shaft ceiling using screws (not shown). The T-beams 52 were already fixed to the top module 18 at the factory. The crane boom 50 has a slewing gear 54 that rests on the T-beams 52 and is bolted to the T-beams 52 using screws (not shown). By means of the slewing gear 54, the crane boom 50 can be rotated about a vertical axis of rotation running through the elevator shaft 12.

[0039] Adjacent to the slewing gear 54 is a control station 56, in which a crane operator can be located. A horizontal crossbeam 58 runs above the control station 56, connecting a horizontally extending truss-framed boom 60 to a counter-jib 62. Two cuboid counterweights 64 are held in the counter-jib 62. Extending upwards from the control station 56, adjoining the crossbeam 58 is a crane tower 66, also designed as a truss-framed boom, to which the counter-jib 62 and the boom 60 are guyed with a total of four traction cables 68.

[0040] A trolley 70 is arranged on the boom 60 such that it can be displaced horizontally along the boom 60. A vertically displaceable hoist rope 72 with a hook 74 is arranged on the trolley 70. The hook 74 can thus be displaced both horizontally and vertically and rotated about the aforementioned axis of rotation, whereby building material for the construction of the house 19, for example in the form of a box 76 with tiles, can be displaced. The relocation of the building material is thus carried out by means of the crane boom 50. Fig. 3 For example, a lowest floor 41 has been created in the building 19 which houses the elevator system 10.

[0041] The elevator shaft 12 thus forms a crane tower 78, which together with the crane boom 50 forms a tower crane 80.

[0042] The procedure for constructing a multi-story building with an elevator system thus includes Fig. 4following procedural steps.

[0043] In step S1, a pit module, one or more base modules, and a top module are manufactured in a factory at a production site and equipped with elevator components. After completion of step S1, the shaft modules are transported in step S2 to the construction site of the building housing the elevator system, i.e., to the installation site. This is done, for example, by truck over the road. Steps S1 and S2 can be collectively referred to as the provision of the shaft modules.

[0044] Subsequently, in step S3, as described above, the pit module is first placed on a previously created floor slab of the building and then the other shaft modules are stacked on top of each other to form an elevator shaft.

[0045] In the optional step S4, the elevator system is installed and commissioned. Installation and commissioning of the elevator system can also take place after the building has been constructed or after the crane boom has been removed from the elevator shaft.

[0046] In the following step S5, a crane boom is arranged at the top of the elevator shaft as described above.

[0047] In the next step, S6, the building housing the elevator system is constructed, and construction materials for the building are moved using the crane boom. Optionally, the elevator system can also be used as a construction elevator during the building's construction.

[0048] When no more construction material needs to be moved with the crane boom, the crane boom is removed from the elevator shaft using a mobile crane in step S7.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that terms such as "having," "comprising," etc., do not exclude other elements or steps, and terms such as "a" or "an" do not exclude a plurality. Furthermore, it should be noted that features or steps described with reference to one of the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above. Reference signs in the claims are not to be considered as limitations.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a multi-story building (19) comprising a lift system (10), comprising the following method steps: - providing shaft modules (14, 16, 18) and - stacking the provided shaft modules (14, 16, 18) on a floor slab (13) of the building (19) to form a lift shaft (12) of the lift system (10), characterized by the further process steps: - arranging a crane boom (50) at the top of the elevator shaft (12) and - moving building material (76) for the construction of the building (19) by means of the crane boom (50).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the crane boom (50) is arranged on the elevator shaft (12) via an outer side of an uppermost shaft module (18) of the elevator shaft (12).

3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the lift system (10) is used as a construction lift during the construction of the building (19).

4. Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in thatSide walls (25) of a shaft module (14, 16, 18) adjacent to a further shaft module (14, 16, 18) have an outer horizontal edge (27) which is arranged below an inner horizontal edge (29) of said side walls (25).

5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the elevator shaft (12) has shaft doors (21) which are covered to the outside by means of a cover (23) before the shaft modules (14, 16, 18) are placed on top of one another.

6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that Adjacent shaft modules (14, 16, 18) are connected to each other in a tensile manner.

7. Tower crane with a crane tower (78) and a crane boom (50) arranged at the top of the crane tower (78), characterized in that the crane tower (78) is designed as an elevator shaft (12) of an elevator system (10) consisting of stacked shaft modules (14, 16, 18).

8. Tower crane according to claim 7, characterized in thatthe crane boom (50) is arranged on the elevator shaft (12) via an outer side of an uppermost shaft module (18) of the elevator shaft (12).

9. Tower crane according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that Side walls (25) of a shaft module (14, 16, 18) adjacent to a further shaft module (14, 16, 18) have an outer horizontal edge (27) which is arranged below an inner horizontal edge (29) of said side walls (25).

10. Tower crane according to claim 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the elevator shaft (12) has shaft doors (21) which are each covered to the outside by means of a cover (23).

11. Tower crane according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that adjacent shaft modules (14, 16, 18) are connected to each other in a tensile manner.

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