Vertical photovoltaic system and method for assembling such a system

Abstract

The invention relates to a fixed vertical photovoltaic system (100), the system comprising at least: - a structure (110), - a photovoltaic module (115) supported by the structure; - a structure base (120) configured to be rigidly attached to an installation surface (102); - a means (125) for positioning the structure on the base, the positioning means being at least free to rotate and configured to position the structure according to a variable angular position of installation; and - a means (130) for securing the angular position of the means for positioning the structure relative to the structure base.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] TITLE OF THE INVENTION: VERTICAL PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR MOUNTING SUCH AN INSTALLATION

[0003] Technical field of the invention

[0004] The present invention relates to a vertical photovoltaic installation and a method for mounting such an installation. It applies, in particular, to the field of energy production from renewable sources.

[0005] State of the art

[0006] In the field of energy production from renewable sources, the use of photovoltaic installations is an effective solution for transforming light energy into electrical energy. However, the installation of such installations must take into account certain constraints that are present and dependent on the installation site. These constraints can be defined in particular according to the topography of the installation site. Thus, when the land has significant and variable slopes, this represents an additional difficulty during the installation of photovoltaic installations.

[0007] The prior art solutions do not describe photovoltaic installations adapted to strong spatial constraints inherent in the installation site.

[0008] Statement of the invention

[0009] The present invention aims to remedy all or part of these drawbacks.

[0010] To this end, according to a first aspect, the present invention aims at a fixed vertical photovoltaic installation, which comprises at least:

[0011] - a structure,

[0012] - a photovoltaic module supported by said structure,

[0013] - a structural base configured to be secured to an installation surface,

[0014] - a means for positioning the structure on the base, the positioning means being at least free to rotate and configured to position the structure according to a variable angular installation position and

[0015] - a means of fixing the angular position of the structure positioning means relative to the structure base.

[0016] Thanks to these provisions, the installation allows the implementation of a plurality of angular positions of the structure relative to the installation surface. In this way, the installation is adaptable to different types of unevenness and can be described as "all-terrain". As can be understood, the fixed vertical photovoltaic installation is therefore adaptable, for example, to constraints inherent to the installation surface. In particular, the adaptability of such a photovoltaic installation allows access to a plurality of installation surfaces. For example, these installation surfaces are terrains with variable slopes. Thus, the flexibility of the photovoltaic installation is optimal.

[0017] Furthermore, when the photovoltaic installation is mounted on land with significant and variable slopes, the use of such an installation eliminates, for example, the need for:

[0018] - leveling of the land,

[0019] - carrying out complex positioning calculations and measurements and / or

[0020] - use of complex electronic positioning systems, such as satellites.

[0021] Thus, mounting the vertical installation on an installation surface is easily achieved.

[0022] In optional embodiments, the structure comprises at least one bar configured to be secured to at least one module and the structure base comprises the means for positioning the structure.

[0023] Thanks to these provisions, the positioning means is incorporated into the structural base. A transmission of mechanical stresses, exerted on a structure and modules to a structural base, is therefore reinforced. For example, such stresses are static or dynamic mechanical stresses present when the photovoltaic installation is mounted on land exposed to constant or variable strong winds. Thus, the mechanical stresses responsible for the premature deterioration of the structure and modules are limited.

[0024] In optional embodiments, the positioning means comprises a housing forming a shoulder, the bar having a shape complementary to the housing.

[0025] Thanks to these provisions, the bar is held in the housing included in the positioning means while maintaining freedom of rotation.

[0026] In optional embodiments, the positioning means further comprises at least one groove configured to allow the bar to be positioned in a plurality of angular positions. Thanks to these arrangements, the positioning means makes it possible to increase the number of angular positions accessible during the assembly of the photovoltaic installation. In particular, when an installation site has slopes delimiting concave or convex zones, the installation has improved flexibility and adaptability.

[0027] In optional embodiments, the structure comprises at least one bar configured to be secured to at least one module and the positioning means is arranged between the structure base and the structure.

[0028] Thanks to these provisions, the positioning means is dissociated from the structural base and the structure.

[0029] Thus, the replacement of such a positioning means is facilitated, for example when it has suffered damage or has an anomaly, without it being necessary to replace the entire structure base or structure. In optional embodiments, one of the positioning means and the bar comprises a bore, the other element comprising a shaft, the bore and the shaft forming a pivot connection with an axis of rotation perpendicular to an axis of the bar.

[0030] Thanks to these provisions, the angular position of the structure is achieved by a pivot connection. Thus, a plurality of angular positions, according to one or two degrees of freedom, of the bar supporting the module is accessible.

[0031] In optional embodiments, the installation further comprises an additional positioning means for the structure on the base, the additional positioning means being free to rotate and comprising two elements, each element delimiting a distinct surface, the parallel and contacting surfaces being configured to form a pivot connection with an axis of rotation intersecting the installation surface.

[0032] Thanks to these provisions, the additional positioning means allows for additional rotation depending, for example, on topographical constraints inherent in the installation site or the presence of an obstacle on the installation site. The photovoltaic installation has an additional degree of rotational freedom. Thus, the flexibility of the photovoltaic installation is improved. In optional embodiments, the structure comprises at least one crosspiece and the structure base comprises the means for positioning said crosspiece.

[0033] Thanks to these provisions, the installation allows the use of a crossbar that can be arranged, for example, in a plurality of positions at the structure. In addition, the orientation of the crossbar can be changed by the positioning means of the structure base. A plurality of structures and variability of angular position are therefore accessible. Thus, the installation has significant flexibility.

[0034] In optional embodiments, one of the positioning means and the cross member comprises a bore, the other element comprising a shaft, the bore and the shaft forming a pivot connection with an axis of rotation perpendicular to an axis of the structure base.

[0035] Thanks to these provisions, a plurality of angular positions, according to one or two degrees of freedom, of a structure supporting a module is accessible.

[0036] In optional embodiments, the photovoltaic module is rectangular, the module being secured to the structure and oriented such that a short side of the module is disposed opposite the installation surface.

[0037] Thanks to these provisions, the photovoltaic module present in the photovoltaic installation is fixed by at least one of its long sides. Thus, resistance to mechanical stress is improved compared to an installation in which a module is fixed by one of its short sides. In particular, additional supports are provided to the module by fixing one long side of the module, allowing it to be arranged in a so-called "portrait" configuration. A fixed, more stable and vertical photovoltaic installation is therefore mounted on the installation surface. The installation also makes it possible to reduce the footprint and in particular to increase compatibility with agricultural activity on the installation ground.

[0038] Furthermore, such an installation is thus compatible with, for example, agrivoltaics. In particular, the installation also has a low hydrological impact on plantations when it is placed on agricultural land. Thus, a coactivity is established, corresponding to the coexistence between a significant agricultural practice and efficient electricity production by one or more photovoltaic systems. This coactivity is called "agrivoltaics", also known by the acronym "Agri-PV" or "APV". According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method for mounting a fixed vertical photovoltaic installation, which comprises at least:

[0039] - a step of securing a structure base to an installation surface,

[0040] - a step of supporting at least one photovoltaic module on a structure,

[0041] - a step of positioning the structure on the structure base according to at least one variable angular position and

[0042] - a step of fixing the angular position of said structure on the structure base.

[0043] The aims, advantages and particular characteristics of the assembly method which is the subject of the present invention being similar to those of the installation which is the subject of the present invention, they are not recalled here.

[0044] Brief description of the figures

[0045] Other advantages, aims and particular characteristics of the invention will emerge from the following non-limiting description of at least one particular embodiment of the installation and method which are the subject of the present invention, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

[0046] Figure 1 represents, schematically and in front view, a first particular embodiment of an installation which is the subject of the present invention,

[0047] Figure 2 schematically represents a first particular embodiment of a positioning means according to three views, on the left in front view, in the middle in side view and on the right in top view,

[0048] Figure 3 schematically represents a second particular embodiment of a positioning means according to two views, on the left in front view and on the right in top view,

[0049] Figure 4 schematically represents a third particular embodiment of a positioning means according to two views, on the left in front view and on the right in top view,

[0050] Figure 5 shows, schematically and in front view, a fourth particular embodiment of a positioning means,

[0051] Figure 6 schematically represents a fifth particular embodiment of a positioning means according to two views, on the left in front view and on the right in top view, Figure 7 schematically represents a sixth particular embodiment of a positioning means according to two views, on the left in front view and on the right in top view,

[0052] Figure 8 schematically represents a seventh particular embodiment of a positioning means according to two views, on the left in front view and on the right in top view,

[0053] Figure 9 shows, schematically and in top view, an eighth particular embodiment of a positioning means,

[0054] Figure 10 shows, schematically and in top view, elements of the eighth particular embodiment of a positioning means shown in Figure 9,

[0055] Figure 11 shows, schematically and in front view, a particular embodiment of a structure of an installation,

[0056] Figure 12 shows, schematically and in front view, several particular embodiments of a structure of an installation,

[0057] Figure 13 represents, schematically and in front view, a second particular embodiment of an installation which is the subject of the present invention,

[0058] Figure 14 represents, schematically and in front view, a variant of the second particular embodiment represented in Figure 13,

[0059] Figure 15 represents, schematically and in front view, a variant of the second particular embodiment represented in Figure 13,

[0060] Figure 16 shows, schematically and in front view, a particular embodiment of a structure of an installation,

[0061] Figure 17 represents, schematically and in front view, a particular embodiment of a structure represented in Figure 16 supporting photovoltaic modules,

[0062] Figure 18 shows, schematically and in side view, two particular embodiments of a crosspiece,

[0063] Figure 19 shows, schematically, in top view and in section, thirteen particular embodiments of a bar,

[0064] Figure 20 shows, schematically, in top view and in section, a particular bar, module and securing means assembly,

[0065] Figure 21 shows, schematically, in side view and in section, five particular embodiments of a secondary crosspiece, Figure 22 shows, schematically, in side view and in section, three particular embodiments of a secondary crosspiece,

[0066] Figure 23 shows, schematically, in side view and in section, three particular embodiments of a secondary crosspiece and

[0067] Figure 24 represents, schematically and in the form of a flowchart, a particular succession of steps of a method which is the subject of the present invention.

[0068] Description of the embodiments

[0069] This description is given without limitation, each characteristic of an embodiment being able to be combined with any other characteristic of any other embodiment in an advantageous manner.

[0070] Throughout the description, the term "upper" refers to everything that is at the top in figures 1, 2 on the left and in the middle, 3 on the left, 4 on the left, 5, 6 on the left, 7 on the left, 8 on the left, 13 to 15 and 17, 18, 21 to 23, which corresponds to the normal configuration of use of the installation, "lower" refers to what is at the bottom in these figures 1, 2 on the left and in the middle, 3 on the left, 4 on the left, 5, 6 on the left, 7 on the left, 8 on the left, 13 to 18, 21 to 23. The term "rear" refers to everything that is at the rear of the plane of figures 1 and 13 to 15 and 17, and "front" refers to everything that is at the front of the plane of figures 1 and 13 to 15. The terms "vertical" or "height" are derived from these definitions. We call "top" everything that is at the top in figures 12, 19 and 21 and "bottom" everything that is at the bottom in figures 12, 19 and 21. We call "left" what is to the left of figures 2 to 4, 6 to 8, 10, 18, 21, 22 and 23. We call "right" what is to the right of figures 2 to 4, 6 to 8, 10, 18, 22 and 23.The term "middle" refers to anything in the middle in Figures 2, 19, 22 and 23. The installations illustrated in Figures 1 to 10 and 13 to 15 each have an axis A corresponding to an axis of a bar and an axis B corresponding to an axis of rotation of a positioning means when the installations are not fixed, the axis B being perpendicular to the axis A of the bar and preferably to the plane formed by the module. The installations illustrated in Figures 13 to 15 each have an axis D corresponding to an axis of a structure base and an axis B corresponding to an axis of rotation of a positioning means when the installations are not fixed, the axis B being perpendicular to the axis D. The installation illustrated in Figure 9 has an axis C of a second positioning means intersecting the installation surface and perpendicular to the axis B. The following definitions are recalled here:

[0071] The term "bifacial module" refers to a module that produces energy using both sides. The sides of a module correspond to the two largest surfaces. A bifacial module allows light to pass through to the front and back sides of its photovoltaic cells, which are themselves bifacial.

[0072] Bifacial photovoltaic cells can generate electricity using both sides. Typically, a junction box is present on the back of the module, and the power generated by the back is often less than the power generated by the front.

[0073] The term "glass-glass module" refers to a module with a glass front and a glass back.

[0074] The term "electricity production gain" refers to an increase in electricity production, for example, due to a greater amount of solar energy reaching the photovoltaic cells of the module.

[0075] The term "ground facing" refers to an installation configuration in which one short side of the photovoltaic module is closer to the ground than the other short side of the photovoltaic module when the photovoltaic module is rectangular.

[0076] The term "C-shaped," used to define the shape of a sleeper, refers to a general shape having:

[0077] - a supporting side of an element and substantially horizontal;

[0078] - a side opposite the support side not supporting an element and substantially horizontal; the support side and the opposite side being connected by two sides, these two sides corresponding to a front side and a rear side, the front side or the rear side being at least partially free of material.

[0079] The term "U-shaped," used to define the shape of a sleeper, refers to a general shape having:

[0080] - a supporting side of an element and substantially horizontal;

[0081] - a side opposite the support side not supporting an element, substantially horizontal and partially free of material; the support side and the opposite side being connected by two sides, these two sides corresponding to a front side and a rear side.

[0082] The term "installation area" refers to a surface on which a photovoltaic installation is mounted or arranged. For example, such a surface refers to an installation ground. For example, such an installation ground is agricultural land.

[0083] The terms "static or dynamic mechanical stresses" refer to stresses exerted on a photovoltaic installation. In particular, these stresses depend on the characteristics of the installation site. For example, such stresses are exerted by wind applied to the surface of a photovoltaic module.

[0084] The term "vertical photovoltaic installation" refers to an installation or part of an installation delimiting at least one substantially vertical plane to an installation surface. For example, the installation surface forms a horizontal plane.

[0085] The term "fixed photovoltaic installation" refers to an installation with a fixed spatial position, particularly angular and linear. In other words, a fixed photovoltaic installation does not correspond to a mobile photovoltaic installation. Such a mobile photovoltaic installation is, for example, an installation whose modules will be activated according to the trajectory of the sun.

[0086] Please note that the figures are not to scale.

[0087] Figure 1, which is not to scale, shows a schematic view of an embodiment of an installation 100 which is the subject of the present invention. It can be seen that the fixed vertical installation 100 comprises at least one structure 110 and at least one photovoltaic module 115 supported by the structure 110.

[0088] It is observed that the installation 100 further comprises:

[0089] - a 120 base structure,

[0090] - a means 125 for positioning the structure 110 on the structure base 120 and

[0091] - a means 130 for fixing the positioning means 125.

[0092] We note that:

[0093] - the structure base 120 is configured to be secured to an installation surface 102,

[0094] - the positioning means 125 is at least free to rotate and configured to position the structure 110 according to a variable angular installation position and

[0095] - the fixing means 130 is configured to fix the angular position of the structure 110 relative to the structure base 120.

[0096] In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 1, the surface delimited by photovoltaic cells of a photovoltaic module 115 forms a parallelepiped. In embodiments (not shown), at least two photovoltaic modules 115 are arranged vertically, one photovoltaic module 115 being arranged above the other photovoltaic module 115 in an installation 100.

[0097] In embodiments, the photovoltaic module 115 is framed. In variants, the photovoltaic module 115 is unframed. In other words, the attachment edge of the module 115 is free of an attachment frame. For example, the photovoltaic module 115 is a frameless bi-glass module.

[0098] In embodiments, such as that shown in FIG. 1, the photovoltaic module 115 is rectangular. It is observed that the module 115 is fixed to the structure 110 and oriented so that a short side of the module 115 is disposed opposite the installation surface 102.

[0099] In embodiments, such as that shown in FIG. 1 , the structure 110 supporting at least one photovoltaic module 115 is a cradle. It can be seen in FIG. 1 that three photovoltaic modules 115 are supported by a cradle 110. In particular, the cradle 110 comprises a lower horizontal element supporting a short side of the rectangular photovoltaic modules 115. For example, such a horizontal element is a crosspiece. It can be noted that the cradle 110 also comprises vertical elements securing the long sides of the photovoltaic modules 115. For example, such vertical elements correspond to bars or posts. In embodiments, such as that shown in FIG. 1 , the structure base 120 is configured to be secured to an installation surface 102. It can be noted that the structure 120 can comprise several assemblable parts. It can be seen in Figure 1 that the structural base 120 comprises a pad 103.The pad 103 is, for example, made of concrete or metal. For example, the pad 103 is crossed by an element 104 anchored in an installation ground 102, such an element being configured to securely fix the structure base 102. The element 104 is, for example, a post anchored in the ground or a set of screws.

[0100] It is noted that the cradles 110, represented in FIG. 1, are, for example, assembled in the factory and then brought to the installation site 102 or assembled in a specific assembly area or assembled on the installation site 102.

[0101] It is observed, in FIG. 1, that a single structural base 120 supports two cradles 110. In variants, the two cradles 110 are supported by two separate structural bases 120. In embodiments, such as that shown in FIG. 1, the installation 100 comprises:

[0102] - a structure 110 comprising at least one bar 101 having an axis A, the bar being configured to be secured to at least one module 115 and

[0103] - a structure base 120 comprising the structure positioning means 125.

[0104] It is observed, in Figure 1, that a bar 101 of the structure 110 has an axis A, this axis being parallel to a largest dimension of the bar 101. For example, when the bar 101 is a truncated cylinder, the axis A is parallel to a generatrix of the truncated cylinder. For example, when the bar 101 is polyhedral, the axis A is parallel to an edge having a largest dimension.

[0105] In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 2, the positioning means 125 comprises a housing 106. The housing 106 has a shape configured to surround one end of a bar 101. It is noted that the end of the bar 101 has a shape 108 complementary to the housing 106. The housing 106 forms a shoulder 107, as shown in the middle and to the right of Figure 2. The shoulder 107 abuts the shape 108 of the end of the bar 101 and thus maintains the shape 108 in the housing 106. In other words, the stop formed by the shoulder 107 prevents the dislodgement of the complementary shape 108.

[0106] It is observed, in Figure 2, that the positioning means 125 is at least free to rotate along an axis B during assembly of the installation 100. The positioning means 125, by its freedom to rotate during installation, is configured to position the structure 110 according to a variable angular installation position. The freedom to rotate the positioning means 125 is indicated in Figure 2 on the left by a curved double arrow. Such freedom to rotate gives the installation 100 accessibility to a multitude of angular positions. Preferably, the elements of the means 125 form a pivot connection. In particular, the different angles defining the angular positions associated with this pivot connection are included in a plane generally perpendicular to the installation surface 102 or to a horizontal plane.

[0107] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 2 and 3, the positioning means 125 comprises at least one groove, 109 and / or 121. The groove, 109 and / or 121 is configured to allow the positioning of the bar 101 according to a plurality of angular positions. In particular, a lateral groove 121, shown on the right of FIG. 2, provides an additional rotation amplitude to the pivot connection of rotation axis B. In other words, the stud 103 comprises a lateral groove 121, also called a lateral opening, in order to easily vary the inclination of the cradle 110. In variants, such as that shown in FIG. 3, a central groove 109 also provides an additional rotation amplitude to the pivot connection of rotation axis B. In particular, such a central groove 109 increases the adaptability of the installation 100 when the installation terrain 102 has a surface, for example, convex or concave.

[0108] In embodiments (not shown), a fastening means 130 of the positioning means 125 comprises at least one bolt. For example, a stud 103 and the end of a bar 101 each have a bore having a thread, the bores being aligned and the threads being adapted to the thread of the bolt. In other words, the bolt is screwed through the stud 103 and into the end of the bar 101. In other examples, only the stud has a bore having a thread and the bolt, when screwed, pushes the end of the bar 101 to a stop. In other embodiments (not shown), the fastening 130 of the positioning means 125 comprises at least two bolts. These bolts are screwable according to the same structural characteristics defined previously.

[0109] In embodiments (not shown), a stud 103 has a through opening and a fixing means 130 comprises an assembly formed by a crossbar and a bolt. Such a crossbar has at least one dimension greater than the opening of the stud 103. For example, the crossbar and the end of the foot comprise a bore having a thread. The bores are aligned and the threads are adapted to the thread of the bolt. In particular, when the fixing means 130 fixes an angular position, the bolt is screwed and secures the crossbar and the bar 101 of the structure 110. It is noted that such a crossbar is in contact with the stud 103 when the bolt is screwed. In variants, another assembly comprising a crossbar and a bolt secures the bar 101 of the structure 110 to the stud 103 on the other side of the through opening.

[0110] In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 4, the end of the bar 101 of the structure 110 comprises a bore 122 and the positioning means 125 comprises a shaft 123. It is noted that the bore 122 and the shaft 123 form a pivot connection with an axis of rotation B perpendicular to the axis A of the bar 101. In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 4, the positioning means 125 and the fixing means 130 have elements in common, such as the shaft 123 and the bore 122. It is noted that the fixing means 130 further comprises a nut making it possible to fix the angular position of the pivot connection. In other words, the bar 101 is immobilized in the stud 103 by tightening the nut on the surface of the stud 103. It can be seen, in FIG. 4, that the axis 123 has a shoulder configured to tighten the structure 110 against the stud 103 when the bolt 130 is screwed in.

[0111] In variants, such as that shown in Figure 5, the bar 101 is secured to an intermediate element 111 which is free to rotate. Note that the intermediate element 111 is, for example:

[0112] - bolted to the structure 110 and

[0113] - fixed to the pad 103 by a fixing means, such a fixing means having structural characteristics similar to those described previously.

[0114] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 6 to 10, the installation 100 comprises:

[0115] - a structure 110 comprising at least one bar 101 having an axis A, the bar 101 being configured to be secured to at least one module 115 and

[0116] - a positioning means 125 arranged between the structure base 120 and the structure 110.

[0117] In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 6, the positioning means 125 comprises an intermediate part 113 and an intermediate element 111 arranged between the base 120 of the structure and the structure 110. In other words, the intermediate part 113 and the intermediate element 111 are secured and are arranged above the pad 103. It can be seen, in Figure 6, that the structure 110 is secured to the intermediate element 111 by a set of screws 112. It can be noted that one of the elements among the intermediate part 113 and the intermediate element 111 comprises a shaft, the other element comprising a bore, the shaft and the bore forming a pivot connection. Such a pivot connection and the fixing means

[0118] 130 are achievable similarly to the embodiments described in Figure 5.

[0119] In embodiments, such as that shown in FIG. 7, the positioning means 125 comprises a plate 113 arranged between the structural base 120 and the structure 110. It is noted that the structural characteristics previously stated for the positioning means 125 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are also valid for the positioning means 125 shown in FIG. 7.

[0120] In embodiments, such as that shown in FIG. 8, a plate 113 separates the base 120 and the structure 110. It is noted, in these embodiments, that a portion of a bar 101 of the structure 110 is slid at the level of a cylindrical bar 124 of the plate 113. It is noted that the axis B is parallel to a generatrix of the cylindrical bar 124. The portion of the bar 101 of the structure 110 is immobilized in an angular position by a fixing means 130 comprising, for example, a bolt and nut system.

[0121] In these embodiments, such as that shown on the left of Figure 8, the structure 110 comprises a bore 117. This bore has a circular shape, the interior of the circle having a through recess. The bore 117 is also called a "point of rotation". A cylindrical bar 124 of the plate 113 forms a shaft. Thus, the bore 117 and the cylindrical bar 124 form a pivot connection having the axis B of rotation. It is noted that the plate 113 is positioned at this bore 117 and has, for example, a dimension less than or equal to the external diameter of the circular shape. Thus, by this arrangement, a plurality of angular positions can be achieved. On the left of Figure 8, the rotational freedom of the positioning means 125 is represented by a curved double arrow.

[0122] In variants, such as those shown in Figures 11 and 12, one or more bores 117 are arranged at different locations on the structure 110. These bores 117 are positioned on the structure 110, also called cradle 110, in order to improve the flexibility of installation on terrain 102 having slopes. For example, the number and position of the bores 117 on the cradle 110 will be chosen according to the degree of inclination of the slopes of the installation terrain 102.

[0123] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 9 and 10, the installation 100 further comprises an additional positioning means 126 of the structure 110 on the base 120. Such an additional means 126 is free to rotate. In these embodiments, the positioning means 125 and the additional positioning means 126 are present on the same element 113 corresponding to a plate.

[0124] In these embodiments, the second additional positioning means 126 comprises two elements, 114 and 116. In particular, a plate 113 has the two parts, 114 and 116. It is noted that each part, 114 and 116, delimits a distinct surface, the surfaces being parallel and in contact. Such surfaces are configured to form a pivot connection with an axis of rotation C intersecting the installation surface 102. Preferably, the axis C of rotation is perpendicular to the installation surface 102 or to the horizon. In addition, this pivot connection along the axis C is perpendicular to the axis B of rotation of another pivot connection. In particular, the different angles defining the angular positions associated with this pivot connection are included in a plane generally parallel to the installation surface 102. It is noted that such a pivot connection of the additional positioning means 126 forms a hinge.

[0125] In embodiments (not shown), the plate 113 is offset relative to the structural base 120 in order to facilitate the tilting of the cradle 110.

[0126] In embodiments, the passage of the cables 302 of the modules 115 is carried out above or below the plate 113. In variants, a cable protection channel 302 is integrated into the plate 113.

[0127] Figure 13, which is not to scale, shows a schematic view of an embodiment of an installation 200 which is the subject of the present invention.

[0128] It can be seen in Figure 13 that the fixed vertical photovoltaic installation 200 comprises at least one structure 210 and at least one photovoltaic module 115 supported by the structure 210. Such a structure 210 is also shown in Figures 16 and 17.

[0129] It is observed that the installation 200 further comprises:

[0130] - a 220 base structure,

[0131] - a means 225 for positioning the structure 210 on the structure base 220 and

[0132] - a means 130 for fixing the positioning means 225.

[0133] We note that:

[0134] - the structure base 220 is configured to be secured to an installation surface 102,

[0135] - the positioning means 225 is at least free to rotate and configured to position the structure 210 according to a variable angular installation position and

[0136] - the fixing means 130 is configured to fix the angular position of the structure 210 relative to the structure base 220.

[0137] In embodiments, such as that shown in FIG. 13, the structure base 220 comprises a portion anchored in the ground of the installation site 102. The structure base 220 comprises in particular a beam 104 or a pile 104 secured to the installation surface 102.

[0138] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 13 to 15, the photovoltaic installation 200 comprises a structure 210 comprising at least one crosspiece 201. In embodiments, such as those shown in Figure 16, the crosspiece 201 has different profiles. The crosspiece 201 has a square profile on the left of Figure 18 and a hexagonal profile on the right of Figure 18. Preferably, the profile of the crosspiece 201 is hexagonal. In this case, the diffuse or direct solar radiation of the photovoltaic module, represented by an arrow on the right of Figure 18, is maximized.

[0139] In embodiments, such as that shown in FIG. 13, the photovoltaic installation 200 further comprises a structural base 220 comprising the positioning means 225 of the crosspiece 201.

[0140] It is observed, in Figure 13, that the structure 210 comprises at least one bar 101 supporting one or two photovoltaic modules 115. Preferably, each axis A of a bar 101 is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the crosspiece 201. It is noted that the bars 101 are also called “parallel bars”. The crosspiece 201 is fixed to the parallel bars 101 by any means known to those skilled in the art. In these embodiments, the crosspiece 201 comprises a bore 203, shown in Figures 16 and 17. It is noted that the structure base 220 comprises, for example, a shaft (not shown). The bore 203 and the shaft form a pivot connection with an axis of rotation B perpendicular to an axis D of the structure base 220. In other words, the crosspiece 201 is at least free to rotate along the axis B. For example, when the base 220 is a truncated cylinder, the axis D is parallel to a generator of the truncated cylinder.For example, when bar 101 is polyhedral, axis D is parallel to an edge having a largest dimension.

[0141] In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 13, the fixing means 130 comprises a bolt. In particular, the bolt of the fixing means 130 fixes the crosspiece 201 and the base 220 of the structure in a determined angular position. In other words, the portion of the crosspiece 201 of the structure 210 is immobilized in an angular position by a fixing means 130.

[0142] In variants, such as those shown in Figures 14 and 15, the structure 210 comprises an additional crosspiece 202. In other words, the structure 210 comprises a lower crosspiece 202 and an upper crosspiece 201. In particular, the photovoltaic modules 115 are secured to two crosspieces, 201 and 202, preferably parallel to each other. It is noted that a structure base 220 is fixed, by a fixing means 130, to one end of each crosspiece, 201 and 202.

[0143] Preferably, the structure base 220 has a lower part 222 and an upper part 221, as shown in FIG. 15. It is noted that the lower part 222 forms a slide and that the upper part 221 forms a slider, the slider and the slider forming a sliding connection. The sliding connection is immobilized, for example, by bolts or by any means known to those skilled in the art. In particular, when the bolts are screwed, the lower part 222 exerts pressure on the upper part 221, immobilizing the sliding connection. Such a sliding connection is configured to adjust the height of the structure base 220, depending, for example, on the slope of the installation terrain. In addition, a constant spacing between the two crosspieces, 201 and 202, is obtained. Thus, the mechanical constraints applied at the level of the hooks arranged between crosspieces, 201 and 202, and the photovoltaic modules 115 are limited.

[0144] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 13 to 15, the photovoltaic module 115 is rectangular. It is observed that the module 115 is fixed to the structure 210 and oriented so that a short side of the module 115 is disposed opposite the installation surface 102.

[0145] The following embodiments and variants are valid for installations 100 and 200, unless otherwise stated.

[0146] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figure 19, at least one bar 101 has a transverse profile, 1011, 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022 or 1023, in the form of:

[0147] - triangle 1012, also shown in figure 20;

[0148] - rectangle 1011;

[0149] - H symmetrical 1013;

[0150] - Asymmetrical H 1014;

[0151] - H inclined 020;

[0152] - cross, 1017, 1018 and 1019;

[0153] - C 1015;

[0154] - F 1016;

[0155] - T (not shown);

[0156] - T inclined 1022; - T inclined and offset 1021 or

[0157] - Inclined Z 1023.

[0158] In Figure 20, we observe the trajectory of the solar radiation represented by arrows. In particular, when the bar 101 is made of at least partially reflective material, part of the solar radiation arriving on the bar 101 is reflected towards the module 115. A gain in electrical production is thus obtained when the module 115 is bifacial.

[0159] It is noted that the choice of the transverse profile of the bar 101, among the transverse profiles mentioned previously, is made according to, for example:

[0160] - the desired mechanical resistance,

[0161] - installation constraints,

[0162] - a limitation of production and installation costs and / or

[0163] - minimized vertical shading at the rear of module 115 when module 115 is bifacial.

[0164] Thus, the ease of installation and the mechanical strength of the photovoltaic installation, 100 or 200, are improved. In addition, the installation, 100 or 200, has limited vertical shading on the rear face of a module 115. When the module 115 is bifacial, the production of electricity is thus increased. Furthermore, when the bar 101 has one of the different transverse profiles mentioned above and is at least partially made of reflective material, optimal reflection of the sunlight on the photovoltaic module 115 is achieved. The gain in electrical production is therefore increased.

[0165] In embodiments, the photovoltaic module 115 of an installation, 100 or 200, is fixed to a bar 101 by:

[0166] - at least one bolt and nut assembly (not shown), in particular making it possible to prevent the photovoltaic module 115 from detaching and slipping;

[0167] - at least one clip system, as shown in figure 20, making it possible in particular to prevent the photovoltaic module 115 from detaching;

[0168] - at least one spring (not shown) and / or

[0169] - at least one clamp, for example of the clamp type (not shown).

[0170] In embodiments, the front surface of the photovoltaic module 115 is aligned with the front surface delimited by a bar 101 of an installation, 100 or 200. In other words, the front surface of the photovoltaic module 115 is not set back from the front surface delimited by a bar 101. In these embodiments, the exposure of the front face of the photovoltaic module 115 to solar radiation is increased since the shading is limited. It is noted that, when the photovoltaic module 115 is bifacial, this preferential exposure of the front face results in a greater projection of shadows on the rear face. However, the efficiency of conversion of solar energy into electrical energy is higher for the front face of the module 115 compared to the rear face of the module 115.Thus, despite the presence of shading on the rear face of the module 115, the gain in electrical production is improved by this preferential exposure to solar radiation of the front face of the module 115.

[0171] It is noted that, when the front face of the module 115 is preferentially exposed to solar radiation, such a solution is less demanding with respect to bifaciality. In other words, the positioning of the photovoltaic module 115 is not conditioned by bifaciality. Thus, a wider choice of photovoltaic modules 115 is offered for an installation, 100 or 200, including in particular photovoltaic modules 115 having a lower economic cost.

[0172] When a photovoltaic installation, 100 and 200, having at least one row of modules 115 is installed, the front faces of the modules 115 are orientable according to a choice of performance of the installation, 100 and 200. For example, the front faces of the modules 115 are oriented due East to a due West orientation. The orientation of a row of modules 115 therefore has a significant degree of freedom. Thus, varied electrical profiles are accessible depending on the orientation of a row of a photovoltaic installation, 100 or 200, and depending on the choice of the surface of the bars 101 to be aligned with the front face of the module 115. In particular, such orientation flexibility is exploited, for example, in order to:

[0173] - to adapt the installation, 100 and 200, to the spatial constraints inherent in the installation site and / or

[0174] - to position the installation, 100 and 200, so as to reduce exposure to strong prevailing winds.

[0175] In variants, when the installation land 102 is agricultural land, the orientation flexibility is exploited to install, for example, rows in a straight line from South to North. Such a photovoltaic installation, 100 and 200, is preferably installed so that the agricultural soil receives a uniform quantity of light. In embodiments, such as those shown in Figure 21 to 23, the installation, 100 or 200, further comprises at least one secondary crosspiece 301. In particular, such a secondary crosspiece 301 is included in the structure, 110 or 210.

[0176] In these embodiments, the secondary crosspiece 301 is arranged under the photovoltaic module 115. In this configuration, the photovoltaic installation, 100 or 200, is present on an installation surface 102 and the module 115 is placed opposite the surface 102. The secondary crosspiece 301 has two ends (not shown), each end comprising a fastener. Each fastener is configured to fix a separate end of the secondary crosspiece 301 to a bar 101 of an installation, 100 or 200. It is noted that the secondary crosspiece 301 is arranged and fixed between at least two bars 101.

[0177] In these embodiments, when the photovoltaic module 115 is rectangular and has two short sides and two long sides, the short side of the photovoltaic module 115 therefore rests along the secondary crosspiece 301. Thus, the risks of the photovoltaic module 115 slipping, in a downward vertical movement, are limited, in particular during the installation of the photovoltaic installation, 100 or 200.

[0178] Several embodiments are possible for the shape of the transverse profile of the secondary crosspiece 301. These different embodiments are shown in figures 21 to 23.

[0179] In embodiments, the secondary cross member 301 has a transverse profile in the form of:

[0180] - C, as represented by the two shapes at the top of Figure 21 or

[0181] - Inverted U, as represented by the three shapes at the bottom of Figure 21.

[0182] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figure 22, the secondary crossmember 301 further comprises an upper rim in contact with the photovoltaic module 115 and a lower rim configured to retain electrical cables 302 connected to the photovoltaic module 115. Preferably, the lower rim is a slide. It is noted that the lower rim is defined by a width and a height. Thus, the electrical cables 302 are protected and oriented according to predetermined usage constraints of the photovoltaic installation, 100 or 200.

[0183] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figure 22, the width of the lower edge of the secondary crossbar 301 shown on the left of Figure 22 is greater than the widths of the lower edges of the secondary crossbars 301 shown respectively in the middle and on the right of Figure 22. It is also observed that the height of the lower edge of the secondary crossbar 301 shown on the right of Figure 22 is greater than the heights of the lower edges of the secondary crossbars 301 shown respectively in the middle and on the left of Figure 22. Preferably, when modules 115 are connected in series, the positive cable 302 of the photovoltaic modules 115 has a different length, shorter or longer, than the length of the negative cable 302 of the photovoltaic modules 115. Thus, the connectors (not shown) between the modules 115 are protected by the secondary crossbar 301.The modules 115 are connected in series in a chain called a "string", known to those skilled in the art. In other words, the positive cable 302 of a first module 115 is connected to a negative cable 302 of a second module 115 via a connector. In this configuration, if the positive cable of the first module 115 has a length equal to the length of the negative cable 302 of the second module 115 then the connector of these two cables 302 arrives at the level of the bar 101. Such an arrangement of the connector should be avoided in certain cases, in particular when the cables 302 are positioned at the bottom of the modules 115, that is to say at the level of the short side arranged opposite the ground 102. Indeed, in this case, the connector is not protected by the secondary crosspiece 301.Thus, a difference in length between the positive cable 302 and the negative cable 302 makes it possible to avoid such an arrangement of the connector and therefore allows protection of the connector by the secondary crosspiece 301.

[0184] In embodiments (not shown), the secondary crosspiece 301 comprises at least one orifice or openwork shape, present on the upper edge or on a rear edge. It is noted that the rear edge of the secondary crosspiece 301 is on the same side as the junction box of the photovoltaic module 115. The orifice of the secondary crosspiece 301 is configured to facilitate the passage of the electrical cables 302 of the photovoltaic module 115.

[0185] In embodiments (not shown), a secondary crossmember 301 is configured to at least partially grip a bar 101.

[0186] Thus, the module 115 and structure assembly, 110 or 210, has greater compactness, the stability of the installation is therefore reinforced. For example, the secondary crosspiece 301 has longitudinal and / or transverse recesses. It is noted that such recesses are configured to partially or completely enclose a bar 101.

[0187] In embodiments (not shown), an attachment of the secondary cross member 301 comprises at least one intermediate attachment configured to complete the clamping around at least one bar 101 of the structure, 110 or 210. Thus, the attachment of the cross member to the bars 101 is reinforced.

[0188] In variants (not shown), an attachment of the secondary crosspiece 301 comprises at least one intermediate attachment in the form of a bracket comprising:

[0189] - an upper portion configured to be attached to a structural bar 101, 110 or 210, and

[0190] - a lower part, perpendicular to the upper part and to the bar 101, configured to support the secondary crosspiece 301.

[0191] Thus, the support of the module 101 by the structure, 110 or 210, is reinforced to limit the mechanical constraints due to gravity.

[0192] In particular, when a structure, 110 or 210, comprises two bars 101 and two brackets are secured respectively to each bar 101, the brackets are supports for the ends of a secondary crosspiece 301. It is noted that the securing of a bracket to a bar 101 is carried out by any means known to the person skilled in the art. For example, the securing is carried out by a bolt configured to fix the bar 101 with the upper part of the bracket.

[0193] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figure 23, the secondary crosspiece 301 is at least partially made of light-reflecting material and has a C-shaped transverse profile. In Figure 23, the light rays are represented by straight arrows. For example, in Figure 23, indirect light radiation is observed on the photovoltaic module 105. The indirect light radiation is the result of the reflection of one or more light rays applied directly to a rear surface of the reflective secondary crosspiece 301.

[0194] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 1 and 13 to 15, the installation, 100 or 200, does not include a horizontal element connecting two bars 101, for example, a beam, a crosspiece, a brace or a spacer, arranged above a portion of the module 115 which is not facing an installation floor 102. In other words, no horizontal element connecting two bars 101 or two parallel bars 101 is arranged above a portion of the module 115 furthest from the floor 102. For example, when the module is rectangular, the photovoltaic installation, 100 or 200, does not include a horizontal element connecting two bars arranged above the short side of the module 115 which is not facing an installation floor 102. In other words, no horizontal element connecting two parallel bars 101 is arranged above the short side of module 115 furthest from the ground.

[0195] Thus, the quantity of installation material is reduced. The cost of the installation is therefore reduced, limiting its environmental impact. Furthermore, the photovoltaic installation, 100 and 200, allows for improved management of the light irradiating the photovoltaic modules 115 by limiting the shading caused by the use of a more complex structure including in particular the upper horizontal element. Indeed, such an installation, 100 and 200, allows for maximum solar irradiation at the front and rear of the modules. Thus, the quantity of electricity produced is increased.

[0196] Figure 24 shows a schematic view of an optional embodiment of the method 400 which is the subject of the present invention. The method 400 is a method for mounting a fixed vertical photovoltaic installation. The mounting method 400 comprises at least:

[0197] - a step 401 of securing a structure base to an installation surface,

[0198] - a step 402 of supporting at least one photovoltaic module on a structure,

[0199] - a step 403 of positioning the structure on the base according to a variable angular position and

[0200] - a step 404 of fixing the angular position of the structure on the structure base.

[0201] During the securing step 401, the structure base is secured to the installation surface, for example, using a pile.

[0202] In the supporting step 402, the photovoltaic module is attached to the structure such that the photovoltaic module is supported by the structure.

[0203] It is noted that these steps can be carried out successively or in a different order. Thus, it is possible to choose to carry out, for example, the step of positioning the structure on the structure base upstream of the step of fixing a photovoltaic module on a structure.

[0204] In the positioning step 403, the structure is positioned on the structure base according to a variable angular position. For example, the different angles defining the angular positions are included in a plane generally perpendicular to the installation surface. The choice of the angular position is made according to, for example, the degree of the slopes of the installation terrain. In variants, the choice of at least one angular position, defined for example by different vertical planes of the installation, the planes being orthogonal to the installation surface, is made according to, for example, obstacles present on the installation terrain.

[0205] During the fixing step 404, the angular position of the structure on the structure base is fixed. In variants, the structure has a partially fixed angular position. In other words, the structure has angular mobility, this mobility being effective only under certain conditions. In particular, such partial mobility is present when particular constraints are applied to the installation. For example, when the installation ground is subject to earthquakes, the angular position of the structure varies according to the mechanical constraints applied to the installation. In other words, without such mechanical constraints, the angular position of the structure is fixed.

[0206] In embodiments, the deployment method 400 comprises, at least:

[0207] - a step of securing a first structural base to an installation surface,

[0208] - a step of positioning a template on the first structure base,

[0209] - a step of positioning a second structure base on the installation surface and according to the positioning of the template,

[0210] - a step of securing the second structure base to the installation surface,

[0211] - a template removal step,

[0212] - a step of positioning a structure on the structure bases according to a variable angular position,

[0213] - a step of supporting a photovoltaic module on a structure and

[0214] - a fixing step fixing the angular position of the structure on the structure base.

[0215] In variants, the step of positioning the template is not carried out in the deployment method 400. Alternatively, the determination of the position of the second structure base is carried out by a precision tracking system. Such a tracking system is, for example, a “GPS” also called a navigation assistant.

[0216] Preferably, the means of the installations, 100 and 200, are configured to implement the steps of the method 400 and their embodiments as set out above and the method 400 as well as its different embodiments can be implemented by the means of the installations, 100 and 200.

Claims

DEMANDS 1. Fixed vertical photovoltaic installation (100, 200), characterized in that it comprises at least: - a structure (110, 210), - a photovoltaic module (115) supported by said structure, - a base (120, 220) of structure configured to be attached to an installation surface (102), - a means for positioning (125) the structure on the base, the positioning means being at least free in rotation and configured to position the structure according to a variable angular installation position and - a fixing means (130) of the angular position of the positioning means of the structure relative to the base of the structure.

2. Installation (100) according to claim 1, wherein: - the structure (110) comprises at least one bar (101) configured to be attached to at least one module (115) and - the base (120) of the structure includes the means for positioning (125) the structure.

3. Installation (100) according to claim 2, wherein the positioning means (125) comprises a housing (106) forming a shoulder (107), the bar (101) comprising a shape (108) complementary to the housing.

4. Installation (100) according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the positioning means (125) further comprises at least one groove (109, 121) configured to allow the positioning of the bar (101) according to a plurality of angular positions.

5. Installation (100) according to claim 1, wherein: - the structure includes at least one bar (101) configured to be attached to at least one module (115) and - the positioning means (125) is disposed between the base (120) of structure and the structure (110). Tl 6. Installation (100) according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein one of the elements among the positioning means (125) and the bar (101) comprises a bore (117, 122), the other element comprising a shaft (123), the bore and the shaft forming a pivot joint with axis of rotation (B) perpendicular to an axis (A) of the bar.

7. Installation (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising an additional positioning means (126) for the structure (110) on the base (120), the additional positioning means being free in rotation and comprising two elements (114, 116), each element delimiting a distinct surface, the parallel and contacting surfaces being configured to form a pivot joint with axis of rotation (C) intersecting the installation surface (102).

8. Installation (200) according to claim 1, wherein: - the structure (210) includes at least one cross member (201) and - the base (220) of the structure includes the means for positioning (225) said cross member.

9. Installation (200) according to claim 8, wherein one of the elements among the positioning means (225) and the cross member (201) comprises a bore (203), the other element comprising a shaft, the bore and the shaft forming a pivot joint with axis of rotation perpendicular to an axis (D) of the structural base (220).

10. Installation (100, 200) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the photovoltaic module (115) is rectangular, the module being fixed to the structure (120, 220) and oriented so that a short side of the module is positioned opposite the installation surface (102).

11. Method (400) for mounting a fixed vertical photovoltaic installation, characterized in that it comprises at least: - a step of securing (401) a structural base to an installation surface, - a support step (402) for at least one photovoltaic module on a structure, - a positioning step (403) of the structure on the structure base according to at least one variable angular position and - a fixing step (404) of the angular position of said structure on the structure base.

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