Deformable vertical photovoltaic system and method for installing such a system

Abstract

The invention relates to a deformable vertical photovoltaic system (100) comprising at least one photovoltaic cell (105) and a post (110) having an axis (A), which deformable vertical photovoltaic system also comprises at least: - a first attachment means (115), referred to as the "lower attachment means", for attaching a lower portion of a module to a post; and - a second attachment means (120), referred to as the "upper attachment means", for attaching an upper portion of a module to a post, each means being at least free to move in translation along the axis of the post and / or at least free to rotate on an axis (B, C) perpendicular to the axis of the post, at least one attachment means from between the lower attachment means and the upper attachment means being at least free to move in translation along the axis of the post and the other attachment means being at least free to rotate on the axis perpendicular to the axis of the post.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] DEFORMABLE VERTICAL PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INSTALLING SUCH A SYSTEM

[0003] Technical field of the invention

[0004] The present invention relates to a deformable vertical photovoltaic system and a method for installing such a system. It applies, in particular, to the field of energy production from renewable sources.

[0005] State of the art

[0006] In the field of renewable energy production, the use of photovoltaic systems is an effective solution for transforming light energy into electrical energy. However, the installation of such systems must take into account certain constraints inherent to the installation site. These constraints can be mechanical and arise during the operation of photovoltaic systems. For example, exposure to wind exerts significant dynamic mechanical constraints on the photovoltaic system. Ultimately, these mechanical constraints lead to, for example:

[0007] - micro-cracking often followed by irreversible deterioration of the photovoltaic cells, which can occur without alterations to the front and rear protective covers of the module, and / or

[0008] - mechanical deterioration of the front and rear protective glass of the modules.

[0009] This degradation of the modules leads to a reduction in electricity production. In particular, when this degradation occurs on one module, the reduction in electricity production occurs on all the other modules connected in series to the degraded module.

[0010] Furthermore, this degradation also leads to the creation of "hot spots" at the level of the broken cells of the modules. These hot spots accelerate the degradation of the module by damaging, in particular, an outer protective layer of the module. Damage to the outer protective layer of the module leads, for example, to a current leak and therefore a significant risk to the safety of the installation. In these cases, a local or total shutdown of the installation is necessary in order to replace the damaged module. Thus, premature aging of the photovoltaic system occurs when such a system is subjected to dynamic mechanical stresses.

[0011] Prior art solutions describe the addition of additional material to the photovoltaic system in order to strengthen and stiffen the supporting structure.

[0012] However, such solutions lead to an increase in the production costs of the supporting structure and also negative environmental impacts. Thus, the environmental impact of the life cycle of such a structure is significantly affected. Furthermore, such an addition of material can lead to more shade at the level of the photovoltaic modules, and therefore negatively impact electricity production.

[0013] Presentation of the invention

[0014] The present invention aims to remedy all or part of these drawbacks.

[0015] To this end, according to a first aspect, the present invention aims at a deformable vertical photovoltaic system comprising at least:

[0016] - a photovoltaic module having a front face, called the “main surface” of the module, parallel to the plane formed by the active parts of the photovoltaic cells and

[0017] - a post having an axis (A), which comprises at least:

[0018] - a first means of fixing, called “lower fixing means”, of a lower portion of a module to a post and

[0019] - a second means of fixing, called "upper fixing means", of an upper portion of said module to said post, each fixing means being deformable and / or at least free in translation along the axis of the post and / or at least free in rotation along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the post and parallel to the main surface of the module, at least one fixing means among the lower fixing means and the upper fixing means being deformable and / or at least free in translation along the axis of the post and the other fixing means being deformable and / or at least free in rotation along the axis perpendicular to the axis of the post and parallel to the main surface of the module.

[0020] Thanks to these provisions, the system allows a significant limitation of mechanical stresses, for example, dynamic stresses exerted on the module when the system is exposed to strong winds. When the module and / or the post deform under the action of dynamic mechanical stresses, the stresses at the locations of the fixing means are reduced. Thus, the mechanical durability of the module is increased.

[0021] The mechanical deformation of the system's supporting structure and the possibilities of movement of the fixing systems make it possible to limit the quantity of material present in this structure. The manufacture of such a structure therefore requires a reduced quantity of material, allowing, for example, a reduction in costs and environmental impacts inherent in manufacturing. In addition, limiting the quantity of material present in the system's supporting structure also allows a reduction in the section of the structure's elements. Thus, the electrical production of the system is increased since the shadows formed by the structure and projected onto the photovoltaic module are minimized.

[0022] Furthermore, the installation of such a photovoltaic system is easy, quick and can be carried out on a large number of installation grounds, for example, with slopes or used for agriculture. The fixing means are compatible with a wide variety of photovoltaic modules, such as modules with a large dimension, a non-conventional organization of the photovoltaic cell chains, framed or unframed modules.

[0023] Finally, replacing a module, for example if damaged, is made easier without the need for complex means. In addition, the photovoltaic system can be easily and quickly dismantled. Thus, the installation site is not negatively impacted by installation followed by deinstallation at the end of the photovoltaic system's operation.

[0024] In optional embodiments, each fixing means is at least free in translation along the axis of the post and / or at least free in rotation along the axis perpendicular to the axis of the post and parallel to the main surface of the module, at least one fixing means among the lower fixing means and the upper fixing means being at least free in translation along the axis of the post and the other fixing means being at least free in rotation along the axis perpendicular to the axis of the post and parallel to the main surface of the module.

[0025] In optional embodiments, one of the fixing means among the lower fixing means and the upper fixing means is at least free to rotate along the axis perpendicular to the axis of the pole and the other fixing means is at least free to translate along the axis of the pole and at least free to rotate along the axis perpendicular to the axis of the pole and parallel to the main surface of the module. Thanks to these arrangements, when the photovoltaic system is subjected to dynamic mechanical stresses, the means for fixing to the pole will rotate along two parallel axes. The significant mechanical tensions present in the fixing zone are therefore limited since the pinching effects are reduced. Thus, the cells of the photovoltaic module close to the fixing zone are preserved.

[0026] In optional embodiments, one of a freely rotatable attachment means and the post comprises a bore and the other a shaft, the bore and shaft forming a pivot or sliding pivot connection.

[0027] Thanks to these provisions, the system allows rotation of the module at the pivot or sliding pivot connection when dynamic constraints are applied.

[0028] In optional embodiments, one of the elements among a free translational fixing means and the post comprises a slide and the other comprises a slider, the slide and the slider forming a sliding or sliding pivot connection. Thanks to these arrangements, when dynamic constraints are applied, the system allows translation of the module along the post.

[0029] In optional embodiments, the free translational fixing means comprises an intermediate assembly means, said intermediate assembly means being configured to form a slide around at least a portion of the post.

[0030] Thanks to these provisions, the intermediate assembly means makes it possible to increase the contact surface between the post and the fixing means. Thus, the fixing of the module on the post is reinforced while maintaining the translational freedom of the fixing means.

[0031] In optional embodiments, the free translational fixing means comprising an intermediate assembly means is free to rotate and further comprises an intermediate rotation means forming a pivot or sliding pivot connection with the intermediate assembly means.

[0032] Thanks to these arrangements, the assembly formed by the intermediate assembly means and the intermediate rotation means allows the rotational freedom of the fixing means. In optional embodiments, the photovoltaic module is rectangular, the module being oriented so that a short side of the module is arranged opposite a surface on which the photovoltaic system is installed. Thanks to these arrangements, the photovoltaic module present in the photovoltaic system is fixed by at least one of its long sides. Thus, the resistance to mechanical stresses is improved compared to a system in which a module is fixed by one of its short sides. In particular, additional supports are provided to the module by fixing a long side of the module to the pole, allowing it to be arranged in a so-called "portrait" configuration. A fixed, more stable and vertical photovoltaic system is therefore installed on the ground.The system also helps to reduce the footprint and in particular to increase compatibility with agricultural activity on the installation site.

[0033] Furthermore, this system is thus compatible with, for example, agrivoltaics. Such an installed system also has a low hydrological impact on plantations when installed on agricultural land. Thus, a coactivity is established, corresponding to the coexistence between a significant agricultural practice and efficient electricity production by one or more photovoltaic systems. This coactivity is called "agrivoltaics", also known by the acronym "Agri-PV", or "APV".

[0034] In optional embodiments, the photovoltaic system further comprises:

[0035] - at least one crosspiece arranged under the module placed opposite a surface on which the photovoltaic system is installed and having ends and

[0036] - at least two fasteners, each said fastener being configured to fix a separate end of at least one said crosspiece to a post, said crosspiece being arranged and fixed between at least two posts.

[0037] Thanks to these provisions, the crossbar improves the stability and mechanical resistance of the system. In addition, when placed below and in contact with a module, the crossbar can reinforce the vertical and height support of the module subject to gravity. Finally, the crossbar, for example, can allow the routing and protection of the electrical cables of the photovoltaic system.

[0038] According to a second aspect, the present invention relates to a method of installing a deformable vertical photovoltaic system comprising:

[0039] - a step of fixing one end of at least one post to the ground, each post having an axis,

[0040] - a step of fixing a removable crosspiece to at least one post, - a step of positioning at least one photovoltaic module resting on the crosspiece, each photovoltaic module having a front face, called the “main surface” of the module, parallel to the plane formed by the active parts of the photovoltaic cells,

[0041] - a step of fixing a lower part of said module to said at least one post by a lower fixing means which is deformable and / or at least free in translation along the axis of the post and / or at least free in rotation along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the post and parallel to the main surface of the module,

[0042] - a step of fixing an upper part of at least one module to said at least one post by an upper fixing means which is deformable and / or at least free in translation along the axis of the post and / or at least free in rotation along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the post and parallel to the main surface of the module, at least one fixing means among the lower fixing means and the upper fixing means being deformable and / or at least free in translation along the axis of the post and the other means being deformable and / or at least free in rotation along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the post, and

[0043] - a step of removing the removable crosspiece.

[0044] The aims, advantages and particular characteristics of the method which is the subject of the present invention being similar to those of the device which is the subject of the present invention, they are not repeated here.

[0045] Brief description of the figures

[0046] Other advantages, aims and particular characteristics of the invention will emerge from the following non-limiting description of at least one particular embodiment of the device and method which are the subject of the present invention, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

[0047] Figure 1 represents, schematically, in front view, a first particular embodiment of the photovoltaic system which is the subject of the present invention,

[0048] Figure 2 represents, schematically, in front view, a variant of the first particular embodiment of the photovoltaic system represented in Figure 1,

[0049] Figure 3 represents, schematically, in front view, a variant of the first particular embodiment of the photovoltaic system represented in Figure 1,

[0050] Figure 4 represents, schematically, in front view, a variant of the first particular embodiment of the photovoltaic system represented in Figure 1, Figure 5 represents, schematically, in side view, a static view on the left and a dynamic view on the right of a particular embodiment of the photovoltaic system which is the subject of the present invention,

[0051] Figure 6 shows, schematically, in side view, a static view on the left and a dynamic view on the right of a particular embodiment of the photovoltaic system which is the subject of the present invention,

[0052] Figure 7 shows, schematically, in side view and in section, a first particular embodiment of a lower fixing means,

[0053] Figure 8 shows, schematically, in top view and in section, the lower fixing means shown in Figure 7,

[0054] Figure 9 shows, schematically, in side view and in section, a second particular embodiment of a lower fixing means,

[0055] Figure 10 shows, schematically, in top view and in section, three variants of the lower fixing means shown in Figure 9,

[0056] Figure 11 shows, schematically, in top view and in section, a fourth variant of the lower fixing means shown in Figure 9,

[0057] Figure 12 shows, schematically and in perspective, a first particular embodiment of an upper fixing means,

[0058] Figure 13 shows, schematically, in top view and in section, three variants of the upper fixing means shown in Figure 12,

[0059] Figure 14 shows, schematically, in side view and in section, one of the three variants of the upper fixing means shown in Figure 13,

[0060] Figure 15 shows, schematically and in perspective, particular embodiments of elements included in the upper and lower fixing means shown in Figures 9 to 14,

[0061] Figure 16 shows, schematically and in perspective, four particular embodiments of a post,

[0062] Figure 17 shows, schematically, in top view and in section, six particular embodiments of a post,

[0063] Figure 18 shows, schematically, in top view and in section, four particular embodiments of a post, an upper fixing means, an intermediate fixing means and an intermediate rotation means,

[0064] Figure 19 shows, schematically, in side view and in section, five particular embodiments of a sleeper, Figure 20 shows, schematically, in side view and in section, three particular embodiments of a sleeper,

[0065] Figure 21 shows, schematically, in side view and in section, three particular embodiments of a crosspiece, and

[0066] Figure 22 represents, schematically and in the form of a flowchart, a particular succession of steps of the method which is the subject of the present invention.

[0067] Description of the embodiments

[0068] This description is given without limitation, each characteristic of an embodiment being able to be combined with any other characteristic of any other embodiment in an advantageous manner.

[0069] Throughout the description, the term "upper" or "top" refers to anything at the top in Figures 1 to 6, which corresponds to the normal configuration of use of the system, "lower" or "bottom" refers to anything at the bottom in these Figures 1 to 6. The term "rear" refers to anything at the rear of the plane of Figures 1 to 4 and "front" refers to anything at the front of the plane of Figures 1 to 4. The terms "vertical" or "height" follow from these definitions. The term "left" refers to anything to the left of Figures 5, 6, 10, 13, 15, 20. The term "right" refers to anything to the right of Figures 5, 6, 10, 13, 15, 20. The systems illustrated in Figures 1 to 6 each have an axis A corresponding to an axis of a pole when the photovoltaic system is not subjected to dynamic mechanical constraints.When the system is subjected to dynamic mechanical constraints, as illustrated on the right of Figures 5 and 6, the A axis of a column is a tangent to the curve formed by a column deformed under the effect of the constraints. The systems illustrated in Figures 1 to 6 have, in addition, a B axis parallel to the "main surface" of the module and perpendicular to the A axis of a column.

[0070] The following definitions are recalled here:

[0071] The term "deformable" refers to an elastic deformation of a part or assembly comprising an elastic material, i.e., a material capable of undergoing deformation when forces are applied and of returning to an initial state without alterations when these forces are no longer applied. In other words, an elastically deformable material is capable of undergoing elastic deformation in contrast to a plastically deformable material. The term "electrical production gain" refers to an increase in electrical production, for example, due to a greater amount of solar energy reaching the photovoltaic cells of the module.

[0072] The term "bifacial module" refers to a module that produces power on both sides. The sides of a module correspond to two surfaces of the largest dimension. A bifacial module allows light to pass through its front and back sides to its photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic cells use light from both sides to generate electricity. Typically, a junction box is present on the back side of the module, and the power generated by the back side is often less than the power generated by the front side.

[0073] The term "ground facing" refers to an installation configuration in which one short side of the photovoltaic module is closer to the ground than the other short side of the photovoltaic module when the photovoltaic module is rectangular.

[0074] The term "C-shaped," used to define the shape of a sleeper, refers to a general shape having:

[0075] - a supporting side of an element and substantially horizontal;

[0076] - a side opposite the support side not supporting an element and substantially horizontal; the support side and the opposite side being connected by two sides, these two sides corresponding to a front side and a rear side, the front side or the rear side being at least partially free of material.

[0077] The term "U-shaped," used to define the shape of a sleeper, refers to a general shape having:

[0078] - a supporting side of an element and substantially horizontal;

[0079] - a side opposite the support side not supporting an element, substantially horizontal and partially free of material; the support side and the opposite side being connected by two sides, these two sides corresponding to a front side and a rear side.

[0080] The term "installation area" refers to a surface on which a photovoltaic system is installed. For example, such a surface refers to an installation ground. For example, the installation ground of the photovoltaic system is agricultural land.

[0081] The term "dynamic mechanical stresses" refers to stresses exerted on an installed photovoltaic system. In particular, these stresses are dependent on the characteristics of the ground where the photovoltaic system is installed. For example, such stresses are exerted by the wind applied to the surface of a photovoltaic module. Under the effect of the wind, the module follows, for example, a translational movement and therefore exerts a force on the pole. A reversible deformation of the pole is therefore observed, as illustrated on the right of Figures 5 and 6. It should be noted that the deformation of the pole under the effect of the wind is not linear, in other words the longitudinal profile of the pole deformed under the effect of the wind follows a curve. It should be noted from now on that the figures are not to scale.

[0082] Figure 1, which is not to scale, shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the photovoltaic system 100 which is the subject of the present invention. The photovoltaic system 100 is substantially vertical with respect to the installation ground 102 and deformable.

[0083] It is observed that the photovoltaic system 100 comprises at least one photovoltaic module 105 and at least one post 110 having an axis A. Preferably, the photovoltaic system comprises at least two posts 110. It is noted that the photovoltaic module 105 of the system 100 has a front face, called the “main surface” of the module 105, parallel to the plane formed by the active parts of the photovoltaic cells. In particular, the plane is limited by the outer edges of the frames, or by the front and rear layers protecting the modules when the module does not have a frame. The front and rear layers may be made of glass in the case of bi-glass modules; it is noted that other materials can also be used. The so-called “front” face of the photovoltaic module 105 corresponds to a surface having the largest and so-called “maximum” dimension.The face opposite the front face is called a so-called “rear” face and is generally of the same surface area as the front face. For example, when the photovoltaic module 105 is a parallelepiped, the maximum surface area corresponds to the face delimited by the two edges (width, length or height) of the module having the largest values.

[0084] It is noted that, in figure 1, the photovoltaic system 100 comprises:

[0085] - a first fixing means 115, called “lower fixing means”, of a lower portion of a module 105 to a post 110 and

[0086] - a second fixing means 120, called “upper fixing means”, of an upper portion of the module 105 to the post 110. In embodiments, such as that shown in FIG. 1, the main surface, or front face, of a photovoltaic module 105 has the shape of a parallelepiped.

[0087] In embodiments (not shown), at least two photovoltaic modules 105 are arranged vertically, with one photovoltaic module 105 being arranged above the other photovoltaic module 105 when the photovoltaic system 100 is installed.

[0088] In embodiments, the photovoltaic module 105 is framed. In variations, the photovoltaic module 105 is unframed. That is, the attachment edge of the module 105 is free of an attachment frame. For example, the photovoltaic module 105 is a frameless bi-glass module, also known as a "photovoltaic laminate" in the photovoltaic industry.

[0089] It is noted that a post 110 of the photovoltaic system 100 has an axis A, this axis is parallel to a largest dimension of the post 110 when the system 100 is not subject to deformation. For example, when the post 110 is a truncated cylinder, the axis A is parallel to a generatrix of the truncated cylinder. For example, when the post 110 is polyhedral, the axis A is parallel to an edge having a largest dimension.

[0090] In embodiments, such as that shown in FIG. 1, the posts 110 are substantially vertical relative to the installation ground 102. In variants (not shown), the posts 110 are inclined relative to the installation ground 102 and parallel to each other. In other words, the posts 110 are not orthogonal relative to the general plane formed by the installation ground 102. In this variant, it is specified that the inclination is not linked to the deformation of the photovoltaic system 100 subjected to dynamic mechanical stresses. For example, all the posts are vertical relative to the horizon, but not relative to the ground.

[0091] In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 1, the lower end of a post 110 comprises a block 101. The block 101 is partially or completely anchored in the ground 102 and thus consolidates the adhesion of the post 110 to the ground 102. It is noted that the adhesion and stabilization of the post 110 on the ground 102 are achieved by any means known to those skilled in the art. For example, the lower end of a post 110 is fixed to the block 101 by a set of bolts. In embodiments, such as that shown in FIG. 1, the lower fixing means 115 is free to rotate along an axis B perpendicular to the axis A of the post 110 and parallel to the main surface of the module 105. In these embodiments, the upper fixing means 120 is free to translate along the axis A of the post 110. Preferably, the upper fixing means 120 is, in addition, free to rotate along an axis C.

[0092] Figures 7 and 8 show an embodiment of a lower fixing means.

[0093] 115 free in rotation. The freedom in rotation of the lower fixing means 115 is represented, in figure 7, by a double arrow in an arc of a circle.

[0094] In embodiments, such as that shown in Figures 7 and 8, the photovoltaic module 105 is fixed to the lower fixing means 115 by a bolt comprising a screw 121 and a nut 123. In variants, the lower fixing means 115 is secured to the module 105 by at least one clip system 129 as shown in Figure 11, a spring and / or a clamp.

[0095] In embodiments, such as that shown in Figures 7 and 8, the element 119 of the lower fixing means 115 is parallelepipedal. The element 119 is in contact with the lower portion of the module 105. In particular, the element 119 is in contact with a rear surface, or rear face, of the module 105. It is noted that the element 119 comprises a bore in which a shaft 118 is inserted. The axis of the shaft 118 is the axis B and is perpendicular to the axis A of the post 110. Preferably, the shaft 118 is held in the bore of the element 119 by a nut 122, as seen in Figure 8. It is noted that the bore of the element 119 and the shaft 118 form a pivot connection. In particular, this pivot connection follows a movement similar to a pendulum movement as represented by the double arrow in Figure 7. In variants, the bore of the element 119 and the shaft 118 form a sliding pivot connection.

[0096] It is observed, in Figure 8, that the lower fixing means 115 comprises a slider 116. Preferably the part 116 is a truncated cylinder. It is noted that the post 110 comprises a groove 111 forming a slide. In these embodiments, during the pre-bonding of the photovoltaic module 105 to the post 110, the slider

[0097] 116 and the groove 111 form a sliding connection. In particular, the module 105 is pre-secured to the post 110 by a translational movement along the axis A of the post 110. When the module 105 is pre-secured and positioned at a predetermined height, the slider 116 is held in position in the slide 111 by a nut 117. The nut 117 is in fixed contact with a surface of the post 110. The use of the nut 117 corresponds to a complete securing of the lower portion of the module 105 to the post 110. In other words, the nut 117 eliminates the translational freedom of the lower fixing means 115 by fixing the slider 116 and shaft 118 assembly at a predetermined height of the post 110.

[0098] In variants, such as that shown in Figure 3, the lower fixing means 115 comprises a stud 118 inserted into a bore of the post 110. In these variants, such as shown in Figures 9 to 11, the post 110 comprises a bore 124 and the lower fixing means 115 freely rotatable comprises a shaft

[0099] 118. Note that the bore 124 and the shaft 118 form a pivot connection. In variants, the bore 124 and the shaft 118 form a sliding pivot connection. Note that the stud 118 and the shaft form a single element.

[0100] It can be seen, on the left of Figure 10, that the stud 118 of the lower fixing means 115 has an axis B of rotation. Preferably, the stud 118 has a cylindrical shape, such as that shown on the right of Figure 15.

[0101] In variants, such as that shown in the middle of Figure 10, the lower fixing means 115 comprises a spring 125. The spring 125 is arranged between an element 119 and the surface of the post 110 opposite the lower fixing means 115. The spring is therefore in contact with two surfaces. Note that the spring 125 is configured to push the two surfaces in opposite directions. In particular, the spring 125 presses elements in contact with the post 110 against the post 110. The spring 125 also presses elements in contact with the element 119 against the element 119. Thus, the vibrations linked to a gap, also called “play”, between different elements are limited. In variants, the stud 118 has a shoulder in contact with a movable washer fixed to one end of the spring 125. In this variant, the other end is fixed to the element

[0102] 119. The shoulder ensures the retention of the movable washer and thus prevents the spring from falling when the module 105 is fixed to the post 110.

[0103] In variants, such as that shown on the right of Figure 10, the stud 118 is retractable into the element 119 of the lower fixing element 115 by means of a spring 126. In other words, the spring 126 holds the stud 118 in the bore 124 of the post 110. The retractability of the stud 118 ensures rapid fixing of the module 105 to the post 110, thus facilitating the installation of the system 100. Figure 12 shows an embodiment of an upper fixing means 120 free in translation along the axis A of the post 110. The freedom in translation of the upper fixing means 120 is represented, in Figures 12 and 14, by a double straight and vertical arrow. The upper fixing means 120 is also free to rotate along an axis C perpendicular to the axis A of the post 110 and parallel to the main surface of the module 105.The rotational freedom of the upper fixing means 120 is represented, in Figure 12, by a double arrow in an arc of a circle.

[0104] Note that the preceding description of the elements in Figure 10 is also valid for the elements of similar number shown in Figure 13, unless otherwise stated.

[0105] It is observed in Figure 13 that the upper fixing means 120 comprises a slider 116. Preferably, the part 116 is a cylinder truncated, as shown in Figure 15. When the slider 116 is a cylinder truncated, the friction present during the sliding of the slider 116 in the slide 111 is limited. It is noted that the post 110 comprises a groove 111 forming a slide. In these embodiments, the slider 116 of the upper fixing means 120 and the slide 111 of the post 110 form a sliding connection. In variants, the slider 116 of the upper fixing means 120 and the slide 111 of the post 110 form a sliding pivot connection. It is noted that the degree of freedom in translation of the fixing means 120 is maintained.

[0106] It is observed, on the left of Figure 13, that no element is arranged between an element 119 of the upper fixing means 120 and the surface of the post 110 opposite the lower fixing means 120. In variants, such as that shown in the middle of Figure 13, a nut 117 is arranged between the element 119 and the surface of the post 110. In these variants, the nut 117 is not in fixed contact with the surface of the post 110 so as not to eliminate the freedom in translation of the upper fixing means 120. The nut 117 included in the upper fixing means 120 prevents friction of the element 119 on the surface of the post 110.

[0107] In other variants, such as that shown on the right of Figure 13 and in Figure 14, the upper fixing means 120 comprises a spring 125 and a part 127. The part 127 is arranged between the spring 125 and the surface of the post 110 opposite the upper fixing means 120. The spring 125 is arranged between the part 127 and an element 119. The spring is therefore in contact with two surfaces. Note that the spring 125, shown in Figure 14 and on the right of Figure 13, is configured to repel the two surfaces in opposite directions. Such a double repulsion is represented by a double straight and horizontal arrow in Figure 14. In particular, the spring 125 presses the part in contact with the post 110 against the post 110, without limiting the sliding connection. In other words, when the upper fixing means 120 follows a translational movement along the axis A of the post, a surface of the element 127 slides on a surface of the post 110.In addition, the spring 125 also presses elements, such as the nut 122 shown in Figure 14, into contact with the element 119 against the element 119. Thus, the vibrations linked to a gap, also called “play”, between different elements are limited.

[0108] In embodiments (not shown), the upper fixing means 120 is free to rotate along an axis C perpendicular to the axis A of the post 110 and parallel to the main surface of the module 105. In these embodiments, the lower fixing means 115 is free to translate along the axis A of the post 110. Preferably, the lower fixing means 115 is, in addition, free to rotate along an axis B.

[0109] It is noted that the characteristics stated for the lower fixing means 115, in the preceding and following description, are also applicable to the upper fixing means 120 and vice versa.

[0110] In variants (not shown), the lower and upper fixing means, 115 and 120, are elastically deformable and configured to maintain a planar main surface of the photovoltaic module 105 without deformation when the system is subjected to dynamic stresses.

[0111] It is noted that, when the photovoltaic system 100 is installed on land 102 exposed to strong winds, such a photovoltaic system is elastically deformed. In particular, the pole 110 of the system 100 is elastically deformed and according to a non-linear deformation, as shown on the right of Figures 5 and 6.

[0112] A post 110 of a non-deformed system 100 is observed on the left of Figures 5 and 6, and an elastically deformed post 110 on the right of Figures 5 and 6. The deformation of the post 110 is achieved in particular by a force exerted on the main surface of the module 105. Such a force is, for example, applied by the wind present on an outdoor installation site 102. In Figures 5 and 6, the wind is represented by three horizontal dotted arrows. Under these conditions, dynamic mechanical stresses are applied to the system 100.

[0113] In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 5, the lower fixing means 115 is free to rotate along an axis B perpendicular to the axis A of the post 110 and parallel to the main surface of the module 105. In these embodiments, the upper fixing means 120 is free to translate along the axis A of the post 110. Preferably, the upper fixing means 120 is, in addition, free to rotate along an axis C. It is observed that the post 110 shown in Figure 5 comprises a groove 111. In variants, such as that shown in Figure 6, the post 110 comprises an upper groove 111 and a lower bore (not shown).

[0114] For example, when the post 110 is subjected to dynamic mechanical stresses, as shown on the right of Figures 5 and 6, the lower fixing means 115 performs a rotational movement along the axis B. The rotational movement of the lower fixing means 115 along the axis B is represented, in Figures 5 and 6, by a lower double arrow in an arc of a circle. Furthermore, the upper fixing means 120 performs a rotational movement along the axis C and a translational movement along the axis A. The rotational movement of the upper fixing means 120 along the axis C is represented, in Figures 5 and 6, by an upper double arrow in an arc of a circle. The translational movement of the upper fixing means 120 along the axis A is represented, in Figures 5 and 6, by a straight and inclined double arrow. It is noted that the axis A, when the post 110 is deformed, corresponds to a tangent to the deformation arc formed by the groove 111.Thus, by carrying out and cooperating these three movements, two of rotation and one of translation, the surface of the post 105 remains flat.

[0115] In embodiments, at least one post 110 has a transverse profile, 1101, 1102, 1103, 1104, 1105, 1106 or 1107, in the form of:

[0116] - triangle 1104, as shown in figures 16 to 18;

[0117] - rectangle 1103, as shown in figures 16 to 18;

[0118] - symmetrical H 1102, as shown in figures 16 and 17;

[0119] - asymmetric H 1105, as shown in figure 17;

[0120] - inclined H (not shown);

[0121] - cross 1101, as shown in figures 16 and 18;

[0122] - C 1107, as shown in figure 17; - F (not shown);

[0123] - T 1106, as shown in Figure 17;

[0124] - inclined T (not shown);

[0125] -T inclined and offset (not shown); or

[0126] - Inclined Z (not shown).

[0127] It is noted that the choice of the transverse profile of the post 110, among the transverse profiles cited previously, is made according to, for example:

[0128] - mechanical resistance,

[0129] - installation constraints,

[0130] - a limitation of production and installation costs and / or

[0131] - minimized vertical shading at the rear of module 105 when module 105 is bifacial.

[0132] Thus, the ease of installation and the mechanical strength of the system are improved. In addition, the system 100 has limited vertical shading on the rear face of the module 105. When the module 105 is bifacial, the production of electricity is thus increased. Furthermore, when the post 110 has one of the different transverse profiles mentioned above and is at least partially made of reflective material, optimal reflection of the sunlight on the photovoltaic module 105 is achieved. The gain in electrical production is therefore increased. Finally, when the post 110 has one of these different transverse profiles, the compatibility between the post 110, the upper and lower fixing means, 115 and 120, and the module 105, is increased. The use of the fixing means, 115 and 120, is thus easier.

[0133] In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 2, the upper and lower attachment means, 115 and 120, include an intermediate assembly means 128. For example, the intermediate attachment means 128 is also referred to as a "ring."

[0134] In these embodiments, the intermediate assembly means 128 comprises a slide and the post 110 is a slider. In particular, during the pre-attachment of the photovoltaic module 105 to the post 110, the post 110 and the intermediate assembly means 128 form a sliding connection. In other words, the slide of the intermediate assembly means 128 and the slider formed by the post 110 form a sliding connection. In these embodiments, the module 105 is pre-attachment to the post 110 by means of the lower fixing means 115 by a translational movement of the assembly means 128. Such a movement is carried out along the axis A of the post 110. It is noted that the assembly means 128 comprises a slide 111 and a portion 116 of the post 110 forms a slider. When the module 105 is pre-secured and positioned at a predetermined height, the assembly means 128 is held in position on the post 110.In other words, a surface of the assembly means 128 is in fixed contact with a surface of the post 110. Such fixed contact corresponds to a complete attachment of the lower portion of the module 105 to the post 110. In particular, the fixed contact eliminates the translational freedom of the lower fixing means 115 by fixing the assembly means 128 to a predetermined height of the post 110. For example, the assembly means 128 is held by:

[0135] - a bolt 131 passing through the assembly means 128 and the post 110 respectively comprising a bore, as shown on the right of figure 18; or

[0136] - a bolt 131 passing only through the assembly means 128 comprising a bore, the end of the screw of the bolt 131 in contact with the post 110 thus compresses the post 110. Thus, the maintenance of the assembly means 128 is independent of the position of any bores in the post 110.

[0137] In these embodiments, the upper fixing means 120 is free in translation and comprises an intermediate assembly means 128. In particular, three non-limiting variants of such an intermediate assembly means 128 of the upper fixing means 120 are shown in FIG. 18. The intermediate assembly means 128 is configured to form a slide 111 around at least one part 116 of the post 110. It is noted that the part 116 of the post forms a slide. In other words, the slide 111 of the intermediate assembly means 128 and the slide 116 of the post 110 form a sliding connection.

[0138] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 2 and 18, the upper fastening means 120 is also free to rotate. In particular, the upper fastening means 120 comprises the intermediate assembly means 128 and an intermediate rotation means 119. The intermediate assembly means 128 comprises a bore and the intermediate rotation means 119 comprises a shaft 118. The bore of the intermediate assembly means 128 and the shaft 118 form a pivot connection. In other words, the intermediate rotation means 119 forms a pivot connection with the intermediate assembly means 128. In variants, the intermediate rotation means 119 forms a sliding pivot connection with the intermediate assembly means 128.

[0139] In variants, such as that shown in Figure 3, the photovoltaic system 100 comprises:

[0140] - a lower fixing means 115 free to rotate and

[0141] - an upper fixing means 120 free in translation and rotation comprising an intermediate assembly means 128. The three examples of such an intermediate assembly means 128, shown in Figure 18, are also applicable to these variants. It is noted that the fixing means 120 also comprises an intermediate rotation means 119.

[0142] In embodiments, when the installation site has a flat surface, the same intermediate securing means 128 of a fixing means, 115 and / or 120, is used for fixing two photovoltaic modules 105 to the post 110. In other words, each photovoltaic module 105 is fixed to a surface of the post 110, the two fixing surfaces being distinct.

[0143] In embodiments, the lower 115 and upper 120 fixing means have variable dimensions. These dimensions are determined according to the desired distance between the post 110 and the module 105. It is noted that increasing such a spacing distance limits the shading of the post 110 on the module 105, particularly on the rear face. Such a spacing is, for example, implemented when a bifacial and unframed photovoltaic module 105 is used in the system 100. Thus, limiting the shadows projected on the main surface of the photovoltaic module 105 improves the gain in electrical production.

[0144] In embodiments, the main surface, or front face, of the photovoltaic module 105 of the system 100 is aligned with the front surface delimited by a post 110. In other words, the main surface of the photovoltaic module 105 is not set back from the front surface delimited by a post 110. Preferably, the position of the lower and upper fixing means minimizes shadows on the front face.

[0145] In these embodiments, the exposure of the front face of the photovoltaic module 105 to solar radiation is increased since the shading is limited. It is noted that, when the photovoltaic module 105 is bifacial, this preferential exposure of the front face results in a greater projection of shadows on the rear face. However, the conversion efficiency of solar energy into electrical energy is higher for the front face of the module 105 compared to the rear face of the module 105. Thus, despite the presence of shading on the rear face of the module 105, the gain in electrical production is improved by this preferential exposure to solar radiation of the front face of the module 105.

[0146] It is noted that, when the front face of the module is preferentially exposed to solar radiation, such a solution is less demanding with respect to bifaciality. In other words, the positioning of the photovoltaic module 105 is not conditioned by bifaciality. Thus, a wider choice of photovoltaic modules 105 is offered, including in particular photovoltaic modules 105 having a lower economic cost.

[0147] When several photovoltaic systems 100 having rows of modules 105 are used, the front faces of the modules 105 are orientable according to a choice of system performance. For example, the front faces of the modules 105 are oriented due East to a due West orientation. The orientations of the rows of modules 105 therefore have a significant degree of freedom. Thus, varied electrical profiles are accessible depending on the orientation of the photovoltaic systems and depending on the choice of the surface of the posts 110 to be aligned with the front face of the module 105. In particular, such orientation flexibility is exploited, for example, in order to:

[0148] - to adapt the system 100 to the spatial constraints inherent in the installation site and / or

[0149] - to position the system 100 so as to reduce exposure to strong prevailing winds.

[0150] In variants, when the installation site is agricultural land, the orientation flexibility is exploited to install, for example, rows in a straight line from South to North. This installation is preferably carried out so that the ground receives a uniform quantity of light.

[0151] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figure 1 to 6, the photovoltaic module 105 of the photovoltaic system, 100, 200, 300 or 400, is rectangular. In particular, the photovoltaic module 105 is oriented so that a short side of the module 105 is arranged opposite a surface 102 on which the photovoltaic system is installed. In other words, the module 105 is oriented in “portrait” mode as opposed to “landscape” mode. It is noted that the surface 102 is delimited by the installation ground of the photovoltaic system, 100, 200, 300 or 400. In embodiments, such as that shown in Figure 4, the system 100 further comprises:

[0152] - at least one crosspiece 401, and

[0153] - at least two 402 fasteners of the crosspiece.

[0154] In these embodiments, the crosspiece 401 is arranged under the module 105. In this configuration, the photovoltaic system 400 is installed on a surface 102 and the module is placed opposite a surface 102. The crosspiece 401 has ends and each fastener 402 is configured to fix a separate end of the crosspiece 401 to a post 110. Note that, in FIG. 4, the crosspiece 401 is arranged and fixed between at least two posts.

[0155] In these embodiments, when the photovoltaic module 105 is rectangular and has two short sides and two long sides, the short side of the photovoltaic module 105 therefore rests along the crosspiece 401.

[0156] Thus, the risks of the photovoltaic module 105 slipping, in a downward vertical movement, are limited, in particular during the installation of the system 100.

[0157] Several embodiments are possible for the shape of the transverse profile of the crosspiece 401 of the system 400 shown in figure 4. These different embodiments are shown in figures 19 and 20.

[0158] In embodiments, the cross member 401 of the system 400 has a transverse profile in the form of:

[0159] - C, as represented by the two shapes at the top of Figure 19; or

[0160] - Inverted U, as represented by the three bottom shapes in figure 19.

[0161] In embodiments, such as those shown in FIG. 20, the crosspiece 401 further comprises an upper rim in contact with the photovoltaic module 105 and a lower rim configured to retain electrical cables 404 connected to the photovoltaic module 105. Preferably, the lower rim is a slide. Note that the lower rim is defined by a width and a height.

[0162] Thus, the electrical cables 404 are protected and oriented according to predetermined usage constraints of the photovoltaic system 100.

[0163] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figure 20, the width of the lower edge of the crosspiece 401 shown on the left of Figure 20 is greater than the widths of the lower edges of the crosspieces 401 shown respectively in the middle and on the right of Figure 20. It is also observed that the height of the lower edge of the crosspiece 401 shown on the right of Figure 20 is greater than the heights of the lower edges of the crosspieces 401 shown respectively in the middle and on the left of Figure 20.

[0164] Preferably, when modules 105 are connected in series, the positive cable of the photovoltaic modules 105 has a different length, shorter or longer, than the length of the negative cable of the photovoltaic modules 105. Thus, the connectors 403 between the modules 105 are protected by the crosspiece 401. The modules 105 are connected in series in a chain called a "string", known to those skilled in the art. In other words, the positive cable of a first module 105 is connected to a negative cable of a second module 105 via a connector 403. In this configuration, if the positive cable of the first module 105 has a length equal to the length of the negative cable of the second module 105 then the connector 403 of these two cables 404 arrives at the level of the post 110.Such an arrangement of the connector 403 should be avoided in certain cases, in particular when the cables are positioned at the bottom of the modules 105, that is to say at the level of the short side arranged opposite the ground 102. Indeed, in this case, the connector 403 is not protected by the crosspiece 401. Thus, a difference in length between the positive cable and the negative cable makes it possible to avoid such an arrangement of the connector 403 and therefore allows protection of the connector 403 by the crosspiece 401.

[0165] In embodiments, not shown, the crosspiece 401 comprises at least one orifice, or an openwork shape, present on the upper edge or on a rear edge. It is noted that the rear edge of the crosspiece 401 is on the same side as the junction box of the photovoltaic module 105. The orifice of the crosspiece 401 is configured to facilitate the passage of the electrical cables 404 of the photovoltaic module 105.

[0166] In embodiments (not shown), a cross member 401 included in the system 100 is configured to at least partially enclose a post 110.

[0167] Thus, the system has a more compact overall structure, thus strengthening the stability of the structure.

[0168] For example, the crosspiece 401 has longitudinal recesses along an axis parallel to the axes B and C and / or transverse recesses along an axis perpendicular to the axes B and C. It is noted that such recesses are configured to partially or completely enclose a post 110.

[0169] In embodiments (not shown), a fastener of the crosspiece 401 comprises at least one intermediate fastener configured to complete the clamping around at least one post 110. Thus, the attachment of the crosspiece to the posts is reinforced.

[0170] In variants (not shown), a fastener of the crosspiece 401 comprises at least one intermediate fastener in the form of a bracket comprising:

[0171] - an upper part configured to be fixed to a pole and

[0172] - a lower part, perpendicular to the upper part and to the post, configured to support the crosspiece.

[0173] Thus, the support of module 101 is reinforced to limit mechanical constraints due to gravity.

[0174] In particular, when the system 100 comprises two posts and two brackets are secured respectively to a post 110, the brackets are supports for the ends of a crosspiece 401. It is noted that the securing of a bracket to a post 110 is carried out by any means known to those skilled in the art. For example, the securing is carried out by a bolt configured to fix the post 110 with the upper part of the bracket.

[0175] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 21, the crosspiece 401 is at least partially made of light-reflecting material and has a C-shaped transverse profile. In Figure 21, the light rays are represented by straight arrows. For example, in Figure 21, indirect light radiation is observed on the photovoltaic module 105. The indirect light radiation is the result of the reflection of one or more light rays applied directly to a rear surface of the reflective crosspiece 401.

[0176] In embodiments, such as those shown in Figures 1 to 6, the photovoltaic system 100 does not include a horizontal element connecting two posts, 110, for example a beam, a cross member, a brace or a spacer, arranged above a portion of the module 105 which is not facing an installation ground. In other words, no horizontal element connecting two posts, 110, is arranged above a portion of the module 105 furthest from the ground. For example, when the module is rectangular, the system 100 does not include a horizontal element connecting two posts arranged above the short side of the module 105 which is not facing an installation ground. In other words, no horizontal element connecting two posts, 110, is arranged above the short side of the module 105 furthest from the ground. Figure 22 shows a schematic view of an optional embodiment of the method 500 which is the subject of the present invention.The method 500 for installing a deformable vertical photovoltaic system comprises:

[0177] - a step 501 of fixing one end of at least one post to the ground,

[0178] - a step 502 of fixing a removable crosspiece to said post,

[0179] - a positioning step 503 of a photovoltaic module resting on the crosspiece,

[0180] - a step 504 of fixing a lower part of the module to the post by a lower fixing means,

[0181] - a step 505 of fixing an upper part of the module to the post by an upper fixing means and

[0182] - a step 506 of removing the removable crosspiece.

[0183] In particular, each post has an axis and each photovoltaic module has a front face, called the "main surface" of the module, parallel to the plane formed by the active parts of the photovoltaic cells. Note that the plane is limited by the outer edges of the frames, or by the front and rear layers protecting the modules when the module does not have a frame. The front and rear layers can be made of glass in the case of bi-glass modules; note that other materials can also be used.

[0184] It is noted that each fixing means is deformable and / or at least free in translation along the axis of the post and / or at least free in rotation along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the post and parallel to the surface of the module. Furthermore, at least one fixing means among the lower fixing means and the upper fixing means is deformable and / or at least free in translation along the axis of the post and the other means is deformable and / or at least free in rotation along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the post.

[0185] During the step 501 of fixing one end of the post to the installation ground, the post is previously positioned so as to differentiate:

[0186] - one end then fixed to the ground and

[0187] - an upper portion of the pole then attached to a photovoltaic module.

[0188] In particular, during the step 501 of fixing the post, the post is fixed to the ground using any fixing means known to the person skilled in the art.

[0189] During the step 502 of fixing a removable crosspiece, such a crosspiece is fixed to the post in a reversible manner. During the positioning step 503, the module is arranged so as to rest on the crosspiece. Thus, the crosspiece maintains the position of the module during the fixing steps, 504 and 505.

[0190] During the fixing steps 504 and 505, the module is fixed to the post by upper and lower fixing means. The choice of the nature of the intermediate fixing means is conditioned by the rotational and / or translational freedoms required for these means. In embodiments, the lower fixing means is free to rotate and the upper fixing means is at least free to translate. Preferably, the upper fixing means is also free to rotate.

[0191] In some embodiments, a portion of one or more fastening means is present on the post. In other words, the post is machined to include a portion of one or more fastening means. In other embodiments, this portion is attached to the post during installation of the system on the installation site. For example, the portion of the fastening means is approximately positioned and held in the final mounting portion of the post by, among other things, a bottom stop and a top stop.

[0192] In variants (not shown), the method of installing a deformable vertical photovoltaic system involves several steps which may possibly be repeated:

[0193] - a step of fixing one end of at least two posts to the ground,

[0194] - a step of fixing a removable crosspiece to said posts,

[0195] - a positioning step 503 of a photovoltaic module resting on the crosspiece,

[0196] - a step of fixing a lower part of the module to said posts by a lower fixing means,

[0197] - a step of fixing an upper part of the module to said posts by an upper fixing means and

[0198] - a step of removing the removable crosspiece.

[0199] Preferably, the means of the device 100 are configured to implement the steps of the method 500 and their embodiments as set out above and the method 500 as well as its different embodiments can be implemented by the means of the device 100.

Claims

DEMANDS 1. Vertical deformable photovoltaic system (100, 200, 300, 400) comprising at least: - a photovoltaic module (105) having a front face, called the "main surface" of the module, parallel to the plane formed by the active parts of the photovoltaic cells and - a post (110) having an axis (A), characterized in that it comprises at least: - a first means of fixing (115), called the "lower fixing means", of a lower portion of a module to a post, and - a second fixing means (120), called "upper fixing means", of an upper portion of said module to said post, each means being deformable and / or at least free in translation about the axis of the post and / or at least free in rotation about an axis perpendicular (B, C) to the axis of the post and parallel to the main surface of the module, at least one fixing means among the lower fixing means and the upper fixing means being deformable and / or at least free in translation about the axis of the post and the other fixing means being deformable and / or at least free in rotation about the axis perpendicular to the axis of the post and parallel to the main surface of the module.

2. System (100, 200, 300, 400) according to claim 1, wherein each means (115, 120) is at least free in translation about the axis (A) of the post (110) and / or at least free in rotation about the axis perpendicular (B, C) to the axis of the post and parallel to the main surface of the module (105), at least one fixing means among the lower fixing means (115) and the upper fixing means (120) being at least free in translation about the axis of the post and the other fixing means being at least free in rotation about the axis perpendicular to the axis of the post and parallel to the main surface of the module.

3. System (100, 200, 300, 400) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein one of the fastening means (115, 120) between the lower fastening means (115) and the upper fastening means (120) is at least free in rotation about the axis Tl perpendicular (B, C) to the axis (A) of the post (110) and the other fixing means is at least free in translation along the axis of the post and at least free in rotation along the axis perpendicular to the axis of the post and parallel to the main surface of the module.

4. System (100, 200, 300, 400) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein one of the elements between a rotationally free fixing means (115, 120) and the post (110) comprises a bore (124) and the other a shaft (118), the bore and the shaft forming a pivot or sliding pivot joint.

5. System (100, 200, 300, 400) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein one of the elements between a free-translational fixing means (115, 120) and the post (110) comprises a slide (111) and the other comprising a slide (116), the slide and the slide forming a sliding or sliding pivot connection.

6. System (100, 200, 300, 400) according to claim 5, wherein the translationally free fixing means (115, 120) comprises an intermediate assembly means (128), said intermediate assembly means being configured to form a slide (111) around at least one part (116) of the post (110).

7. System (100, 200, 300, 400) according to claim 6, wherein the translationally free fastening means (115, 120) comprising an intermediate assembly means (128) is rotationally free and further comprises an intermediate rotation means (119) forming a pivot or sliding pivot joint with the intermediate assembly means.

8. Photovoltaic system (100, 200, 300, 400) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the photovoltaic module is rectangular (105), the module being oriented so that a short side of the module is positioned opposite a surface (102) on which the photovoltaic system is installed.

9. Photovoltaic system (400) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which further comprises: - at least one cross member (401) disposed under the module (105) placed opposite a surface (102) on which the photovoltaic system is installed and having ends and - at least two fasteners (402), each said fastener being configured to fix a distinct end of at least one said crossbeam to a post (110), said crossbeam being arranged and fixed between at least two posts.

10. Method (500) for installing a deformable vertical photovoltaic system, characterized in that it comprises: - a step of fixing (501) one end of at least one post to the ground, each post having an axis, - a step of fixing (502) a removable crossbar to at least one post, - a positioning step (503) of at least one photovoltaic module resting on the cross member, each photovoltaic module having a front face, called the "main surface" of the module, parallel to the plane formed by the active parts of the photovoltaic cells, - a fixing step (504) of a lower part of said module to at least one post by means of a lower fixing which is deformable and / or at least free in translation about the axis of the post and / or at least free in rotation about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the post and parallel to the main surface of the module, - a fastening step (505) of an upper part of at least one module to at least one post by means of a deformable upper fastening means and / or at least free in translation about the axis of the post and / or at least free in rotation about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the post and parallel to the main surface of the module, at least one fastening means among the lower fastening means and the upper fastening means being deformable and / or at least free in translation about the axis of the post and the other means being deformable and / or at least free in rotation about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the post, and - a removal step (506) of the removable cross member.

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