Method for erecting a support structure for a geotechnical structure

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for erecting a support structure (10) for a geotechnical structure (100), in particular an earthwork, comprising the steps of: providing at least one support structure (12) and positioning at least one anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) on a rear side (16) of the support structure (12), wherein a connecting element (20, 20a-20h) is positioned on the side of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) facing away from the support structure (12) and is fixed to the support structure (12) by means of several fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b) spaced apart from each other in the horizontal longitudinal direction of the support structure (12) in such a way that the connecting element (20, 20a-20h) prevents the support structure (12) from detaching from the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a method for erecting a support structure for a geotechnical structure, in particular an earth structure, comprising the steps of: providing at least one support structure and positioning at least one anchoring mat on a back side of the support structure.

[0002] Furthermore, the invention relates to a system for erecting a support structure for a geotechnical structure, comprising at least one support structure and at least one anchoring mat for positioning on a rear side of the support structure.

[0003] Furthermore, the invention relates to a support structure for a geotechnical structure, in particular for an earth structure, with at least one support structure and at least one anchoring mat positioned on a rear side of the support structure.

[0004] Furthermore, the invention relates to a geotechnical structure, in particular an earthwork, with a supporting structure.

[0005] When constructing civil engineering structures, such as bridge abutments, using geogrid-reinforced support structures, so-called permanent formwork elements made of bent steel mesh or standard frame formwork from concrete construction are typically used. In addition, the use of movable or climbing segmental formwork is also known in this context.

[0006] The use of panel formwork requires complex assembly. Furthermore, numerous components are required, and at least medium-duty lifting equipment is required. Push-pull props are often used for lateral support, which are generally not designed to transfer compaction loads. If the push-pull props are dimensioned in accordance with guidelines, a larger number of push-pull props might be required compared to current practice. Furthermore, the formwork must be dismantled, resulting in a large transport volume.

[0007] The use of curved steel mesh panels as front elements requires the time-consuming and error-prone installation of guy hooks. Furthermore, compaction in the front area is time-consuming and generally only possible with small equipment. The quality of compaction is often inadequate and highly dependent on the soil material, as work is either impossible or only possible to a limited extent, particularly under and between the guy hooks. The horizontal legs of the steel mesh panels are obstructive at gussets and corners, making compaction almost impossible. Furthermore, it is imperative that the geotextile required as trickle protection be punctured at the intersection points of the guy hooks. This weakens the area of ​​the puncture points, which can lead to problems, particularly if the support structure is routinely subjected to water flow. In addition, such structures exhibit a large number of overlaps and joints.

[0008] Since movable segmental formwork must be pulled out sideways, its use often results in an unacceptable lack of occupational safety. Furthermore, loosening of the soil material is possible during installation. Working with movable segmental formwork generally also requires a sufficiently large working space on the side facing away from the supporting structure, or at the base of the structure. Furthermore, the slope face often lacks sufficient flexural rigidity, as permanently smooth surfaces can only be achieved with selected gravel or hydraulically bound fill materials. This also results in high holding costs for the production and transport of formwork elements.

[0009] The object underlying the invention is therefore to simplify the construction of support structures for geotechnical structures.

[0010] The object is achieved by a method of the type mentioned at the outset, wherein a connecting member is positioned on the side of the anchoring mat facing away from the support structure and is fixed to the support structure via a plurality of fixing elements spaced apart from one another in the horizontal longitudinal direction of the support structure in such a way that the connecting member prevents the support structure from becoming detached from the anchoring mat.

[0011] The anchoring mat serves to anchor the support structure. The connecting link preferably has an elongated basic shape and / or is rod-shaped. The support structure can be erected without the use of guy hooks, so that any compaction processes of a fill material are not impaired. Compaction can be carried out continuously along the entire support structure. The anchoring mat provides integral fall protection. Overlaps can be avoided because the support structures can be butt-jointed. Furthermore, the use of large elements, e.g., 2 m x 2.5 m, can significantly reduce the number of joints, resulting in greater accuracy, dimensional stability, and surface evenness. Horizontal steel grid elements, which would also disrupt compaction, are not required.Because of the lack of anchor hooks, no penetration points for any trickle protection are required. Overall, the process requires comparatively little effort for installation, equipping, and formwork removal. The support structure is erected relatively quickly due to its rapid assembly and the use of standard components from building construction. Furthermore, the height of the fastening levels can be freely selected. Prefabrication of the support structure with fixed anchoring mats is also possible.

[0012] The method according to the invention is further advantageously developed in that the anchoring mat is designed as an anchoring textile. The anchoring textile is preferably a geogrid, in particular a geogrid reinforcement strip. A textile anchor is preferably flexible in the longitudinal direction and can adapt to irregularities and unevenness in the subgrade or in the fill. The anchoring mat can alternatively also be designed as a metal or plastic mesh. The anchoring mat can be a metal eyelet mesh.

[0013] In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the connecting link is fixed to the support structure via the plurality of fixing elements in such a way that the connecting link, together with the anchoring mat, is movable in the vertical direction. Thus, the anchoring has a degree of freedom in the vertical direction. The connecting link, together with a filler material located on the anchoring mat, can settle relative to the support structure. When the filler material settles, the anchoring mat is moved vertically, usually downwards. The connecting link can follow this vertical movement, so that material settlement does not pose a risk of damage to the support structure. The maximum relative settlement can be influenced by the design of the fixing elements and is, for example, 100 mm.

[0014] The fixing elements used to secure the anchoring mat to the support structure can be arranged in a common fixing plane. This fixing plane can be horizontal or inclined relative to the horizontal. The connecting link, which prevents the support structure from detaching from the anchoring mat, can extend along a longitudinal axis. The longitudinal axis can run horizontally or be inclined relative to the horizontal. The anchoring mat can therefore be anchored to the support structure in a horizontal plane or at an angle or incline relative to the horizontal. The anchoring can therefore follow an ascending or descending gradient of the support structure.

[0015] Furthermore, a method according to the invention is preferred in which the fixing elements are integral components of the support structure and / or are designed as lattice struts of the support structure. Alternatively or additionally, one or more fixing elements that are designed separately from the support structure, for example formed O-rings, shackles, or clamps, can also be used to fix the connecting member to the support structure. The fixing elements designed as lattice struts preferably each extend along a vertical axis. The connecting member preferably extends in a horizontal direction or in a direction that deviates from a horizontal by no more than 25°, in particular no more than 15°.

[0016] Furthermore, a method according to the invention is preferred in which the support structure is designed as a support grid. The support grid can be designed as a steel grid mat. The steel grid mat can be bare or protected against corrosion, for example by galvanizing. Alternatively, the support structure can be a composite of sheet pile elements, wherein the sheet pile elements can be made of plastic, in particular PVC. The support structure can be a sheet pile profile, wherein the sheet pile profile can be made of plastic, in particular PVC. The sheet pile profile is then typically designed as an omega profile. The connecting member is preferably inserted through holes in the sheet pile, for example through holes in the omega profiles.

[0017] In another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the support structure has a plurality of beads that are spaced apart from one another, preferably running perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and protruding from a support plane in the direction of the anchoring mat, wherein the fixing elements are preferably arranged in the region of the beads. If the support structure is designed as a support grid, the support plane is a grid plane of the support grid. The longitudinal direction is preferably the longitudinal wall direction of the support structure. The beads preferably point inwards. Adjacent beads are spaced apart from one another in the horizontal direction, wherein the bead spacing is in a range between 50 and 1000 mm, preferably in a range between 100 and 500 mm. The beads preferably have a bead depth in a range of 5 to 100 mm, preferably 10 to 15 mm. The beads preferably each extend along a vertical axis.The fixing elements are preferably the lattice struts of a corrugated steel mesh mat that form the base of the corrugation. The corrugations can be stamped in the factory in a suitable grid, for example, every 30 cm. The corrugations serve as counterbearings for the connecting link, around which the anchoring mat can be deflected and / or connected in a force-fitting manner. The support structure can be made of reinforcing iron. The support structure can be used as formwork and reinforcement for an externally applied concrete shell. The concrete shell can be made of shotcrete or constructed with a filigree slab. Alternatively, the concrete shell can be constructed as an in-situ concrete slab. The filigree slab can be aligned and fixed to the mesh using additional suitable connecting elements. The corrugations preferably each have several vertical bars so that the connecting link can be arranged at different levels.When constructing a cushion wall, a gap must be created between the geogrids, either with a plastic grating or with a formwork board that is gradually pulled upwards. This allows for the concrete cover required to protect the steel reinforcing bars from corrosion. The thickness of this cover and the resulting required gap vary depending on the intended service life and exposure.

[0018] The method according to the invention is further advantageously developed in that the connecting member is designed as a plug-in rod and / or is inserted between the anchoring mat and the fixing elements. The connecting member preferably has a length in the range of 0.1 m to 5 m, in particular a length in the range of between 0.4 and 2 m. The connecting member designed as a plug-in rod is preferably made of metal. The plug-in rod can be a round rod. The connecting member designed as a plug-in rod preferably has a length of at least 30 cm, preferably of at least 50 cm, particularly preferably of at least 70 cm. At one end, an eyelet is preferably bent, with which the rod can be fixed in its position for further work steps. The length of the rod is preferably slightly longer than the width of a front element in order to enable interlacing of elements arranged next to one another.

[0019] The method according to the invention is further developed by the following method step: wrapping the anchoring mat around the connecting member after fixing the connecting member to the support structure, such that the anchoring mat is deflected by the connecting member in the region of the support structure, a deflection section of the anchoring mat encircles the connecting member, and an anchoring section of the anchoring mat extending beyond the connecting member can be anchored by covering it with a filler material. The anchoring section of the anchoring mat can, at least in some regions, have two anchoring layers arranged one above the other. The lower anchoring layer and the upper anchoring layer are preferably located directly above one another. The filler material can be cement-stabilized soil. The filler material can also be free of binding agents. The filler material can comprise gravel.The filling material can be a layer of gabion stones or a stone screed.

[0020] In a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a reinforcement textile is positioned in the rear region of the support structure above the anchoring mat, in particular such that a first reinforcement section of the reinforcement textile rests on the anchoring section of the anchoring mat and / or a material-retaining section of the reinforcement textile extends along the support structure. The method can further comprise filling the rear region of the support structure with a filler material, in particular loose material, for force-locking anchoring of the anchoring mat beneath the filler material.Furthermore, the method may include folding the reinforcement textile after the rear region of the support structure has been filled with the filler material, in particular such that a second reinforcement section of the reinforcement textile runs above the filler material and / or parallel to the first reinforcement section of the reinforcement textile. Alternatively or additionally, the method may also include compacting the filler material located in the rear region of the support structure with a compaction device.

[0021] The method according to the invention is further advantageously developed in that at least one support body is placed on a front side of the support structure. Alternatively or additionally, the support structure is fastened to the support body by means of one or more fastening elements. The support body serves as a formwork support, which stiffens and supports the support structure at the front. The formwork supports also function as fall protection and alignment gauges. The one or more fastening elements can be removed non-destructively. The support structure and the support body are clamped together via the fastening elements. The fastening elements can comprise wedges. The fastening elements can comprise fixing brackets or fixing clamps or fixing clamps, for example flange clamps or hook clamps. The fastening elements can comprise fixing bolts.The support bodies can be designed for lower wind loads than with system formwork because the support structure is wind-permeable. This allows for smaller dimensions. If the corrugations are sufficiently large and / or sufficiently frequent, support bodies and / or retaining structures can be omitted in certain cases. After filling the rear area of ​​the support structure with filler material, the fastening elements are loosened and the support body is removed.

[0022] The erected support structure can be stabilized using push-pull props and / or a support structure consisting of support pipes and pipe stands for the initial backfill. The pipe stand can be a construction fence base. After backfilling, the push-pull props and / or the support structure are removed. The structure can be erected with smaller push-pull props or, if necessary, without any push-pull props, or with only initially required or lost props. This also allows construction to proceed without having to take up space outside.

[0023] A method according to the invention is also advantageous in which a plurality of anchoring mats are positioned on the rear side of the support structure at a distance from one another in the vertical direction, wherein the plurality of anchoring mats are each fixed to the support structure by means of a connecting member positioned on the side of the anchoring mat facing away from the support structure and via a plurality of fixing elements spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the support structure in such a way that the respective connecting member prevents the support structure from becoming detached from the respective anchoring mat. The anchoring mats are each laid on a material layer comprising compacted filling material and / or a reinforcing textile. The support structures can be connected to one another by inserting a plurality of connecting members, laid across from one support structure to the next.Several or all connecting links can also be connected to each other via connecting elements.

[0024] The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a system of the type mentioned at the outset, wherein the system according to the invention comprises a connecting member for positioning on the side of the anchoring mat facing away from the support structure, wherein the connecting member can be fixed to the support structure via a plurality of fixing elements spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the support structure in such a way that the connecting member prevents the support structure from becoming detached from the anchoring mat. The system according to the invention is preferably used within the framework of a method for erecting a support structure according to one of the embodiments described above. With regard to the advantages and modifications of the system according to the invention, reference is first made to the advantages and modifications of the method according to the invention.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention, the anchoring mat is designed as an anchoring textile. Alternatively or additionally, the connecting member is fixed to the support structure via the plurality of fixing elements in such a way that the connecting member, together with the anchoring mat, is movable in the vertical direction. Alternatively or additionally, the support structure is designed as a support grid.

[0026] The system according to the invention is further developed by at least one support body for erection on a front side of the support structure. Alternatively or additionally, the system according to the invention comprises one or more fastening members for attaching the support structure to the support body. Alternatively or additionally, the system comprises push-pull props and / or a support structure consisting of support tubes and tubular stands for stabilizing the erected support structure.

[0027] The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a support structure of the type mentioned above, wherein the support structure according to the invention has a connecting member which is positioned on the side of the anchoring mat facing away from the support structure and is fixed to the support structure via a plurality of fixing elements spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the support structure in such a way that the connecting member prevents the support structure from becoming detached from the anchoring mat. The support structure is preferably erected using a method for erecting a support structure according to one of the embodiments described above and / or by means of a system for erecting a support structure according to one of the embodiments described above.With regard to the advantages and modifications of the support structure according to the invention, reference is first made to the advantages and modifications of the method according to the invention and the advantages and modifications of the system according to the invention.

[0028] The support structure according to the invention results in reduced steel consumption and increased rigidity at the front. Even without binder reinforcement, it remains highly functional. If a galvanized mesh is used as the support structure, it can serve as an active facing, for example, with stone backfill. The support structure can be used to create vertical projections of 3 to 5 m in height, for example. When using a galvanized support structure, the support structure can also serve as a gabion replacement.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the support structure according to the invention, the fixing elements are integral components of the support structure. Alternatively or additionally, the fixing elements are designed as lattice struts of the support structure. The support structure can have a plurality of spaced-apart beads, preferably extending perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and protruding from a support plane in the direction of the anchoring mat, with the fixing elements preferably being arranged in the region of the beads.

[0030] In a further preferred embodiment of the support structure according to the invention, the connecting member is designed as a plug-in rod and / or inserted between the anchoring mat and the fixing elements. The anchoring mat is preferably folded around the connecting member in such a way that a deflection section of the anchoring mat extends around the connecting member, and an anchoring section of the anchoring mat extending beyond the connecting member is covered by filler material.

[0031] In another preferred embodiment, the support structure according to the invention comprises at least one reinforcement textile, which is positioned in the rear region of the support structure above the anchoring mat, in particular such that a first reinforcement section of the reinforcement textile rests on the anchoring section of the anchoring mat and / or a material-retaining section of the reinforcement textile extends along the support structure. Alternatively or additionally, the support structure comprises filling material, in particular loose material, with which the rear region of the support structure is filled and under which the anchoring mat is anchored in a force-fitting manner. The reinforcement textile is preferably folded over the filling material, in particular such that a second reinforcement section of the reinforcement textile runs above the filling material and / or parallel to the first reinforcement section of the reinforcement textile.The filling material is preferably compacted by means of a compaction device.

[0032] Furthermore, a support structure according to the invention with a plurality of anchoring mats is preferred, wherein the plurality of anchoring mats are positioned vertically spaced from one another on the rear side of the support structure. The plurality of anchoring mats are each fixed to the support structure by means of a connecting member positioned on the side of the anchoring mat facing away from the support structure and by means of a plurality of fixing elements spaced from one another in the longitudinal direction of the support structure, such that the respective connecting member prevents the support structure from detaching from the respective anchoring mat.

[0033] The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a geotechnical structure of the type mentioned above, wherein the support structure of the geotechnical structure according to the invention is designed according to one of the embodiments described above. Regarding the advantages and modifications of the geotechnical structure according to the invention, reference is made to the advantages and modifications of the support structure according to the invention.

[0034] Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained and described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 shows a support structure according to the invention in a schematic representation; Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of a support structure according to the invention in a schematic representation; Fig. 3 shows a system for erecting a support structure in a first phase of the support structure erection in a schematic representation; Fig. 4 shows the Fig. 3 The system shown in a further phase of the support structure construction in a schematic representation; Fig. 5 the Fig. 4 The system shown in a further phase of the support structure construction in a schematic representation; Fig. 6 the Fig. 5 The system shown in a further phase of the support structure erection in a schematic representation; Fig. 7 the Fig. 6 The system shown in a further phase of the support structure erection in a schematic representation; Fig. 8 the Fig. 7 The system shown in a further phase of the support structure erection in a schematic representation; Fig. 9 the Fig. 8 The system shown in a further phase of the support structure construction in a schematic representation; Fig. 10, which is shown in the Fig. 9 Support structure shown after completion of the erection in a schematic representation; Fig. 11 a support structure of a support structure according to the invention in a schematic representation; Fig. 12 a system for erecting a support structure in a schematic representation; Fig. 13 a detailed representation of fastening elements of the Fig. 12 system shown; Fig. 14 a further detailed view of fastening elements of the Fig. 12 depicted system; Fig. 15 a support structure including anchoring mat of a support construction according to the invention in a schematic representation; Fig. 16 a support construction according to the invention in a schematic representation after inserting a connecting member between an anchoring mat and several fixing elements; Fig. 17 a support construction according to the invention in a schematic representation after folding the anchoring mat around the connecting member; Fig. 18 a further embodiment of a support construction according to the invention in a schematic representation; Fig. 19 a further embodiment of a support construction according to the invention in a schematic representation; Fig. 20 a further embodiment of a support construction according to the invention in a schematic representation; Fig. 21 the Fig. 20 Fig. 22 shows a schematic perspective view of the support structure shown; Fig. 23 shows a schematic perspective view of a further embodiment of a support structure according to the invention; Fig. 24 shows a perspective view of a fixing element of a support structure according to the invention; and Fig. 24 shows a plan view of a connecting member of a support structure according to the invention.

[0035] The Fig. 1 shows a structure 100 designed as an earthwork with a supporting structure 10.

[0036] The support structure 10 comprises a support structure 12. The support structure 12 is designed as a support grid, namely a steel grid mat. The support structure 12 comprises several spaced-apart beads, each extending along a vertical axis, which protrude from the rear of a support plane 24.

[0037] The support structure 10 further comprises a plurality of anchoring mats 18a-18d positioned on the rear side 16 of the support structure 12. On the front side 14, the support structure 10 terminates at the support plane 24 of the support structure 12.

[0038] The anchoring mats 18a-18d are designed as anchoring textiles. In the illustrated embodiment, the anchoring mats 18a-18d are designed as geogrids, namely as geogrid reinforcement strips. The anchoring mats 18a-18d are flexible and deformable and can thus adapt to irregularities and unevenness in the subgrade.

[0039] On one side of the respective anchoring mats 18a-18d, connecting members 20a-20d designed as plug-in rods are arranged, which are fixed to the support structure 12 via a plurality of fixing elements 22 spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the support structure 12 in such a way that the fixing elements 20a-20d prevent the support structure 12 from becoming detached from the respective anchoring mats 18a-18d. The fixing elements 22 are integral components of the support structure 12, namely the lattice struts arranged in the base of the support structure beads. The connecting members 20a-20d are fixed to the support structure 12 via the lattice struts in the base of the beads in such a way that the connecting members 20a-20d, together with the anchoring mats 18a-18d, are movable in the vertical direction. Thus, the anchoring has one degree of freedom in the vertical direction.The connecting links 18a-18d can thus settle together with the filling material 102 located on the anchoring mats 18a-18d, so that earth movements do not lead to excessive stress on the support structure 10. In the event of such earth movements, only the friction in the contact point between the connecting links 20a-20d and the lattice struts of the support structure 12 running in the base of the corrugation must be overcome.

[0040] The connecting links 20a-20d are each designed as a plug-in rod. The connecting link 20a is inserted between the anchoring mat 18a and the fixing elements 22 of the support structure 12. The connecting link 20b is inserted between the anchoring mat 18b and the fixing elements 22 of the support structure 12. The connecting link 20c is inserted between the anchoring mat 18c and the fixing elements 22 of the support structure 12. The connecting link 20d is inserted between the anchoring mat 18d and the fixing elements 22 of the support structure 12. Connecting links arranged one after the other or next to one another in the longitudinal direction can be connected to one another, in particular hooked into one another, for example via end eyelets. Such a connecting link is Fig. 24 shown.

[0041] The anchoring mats 18a-18d are folded around the respective connecting link 20a-20d in such a way that deflection sections 26a-26d of the respective anchoring mats 18a-18d extend around the respective connecting link 20a-20d, resulting in anchoring sections 28a-28d extending beyond the connecting links 20a-20d, which are covered by fill material 102. The anchoring sections 28a-28d of the anchoring mats 18a-18d have two anchoring layers 30a, 30b arranged one above the other. The lower anchoring layer 30a and the upper anchoring layer 30b each lie directly above one another. The fill material 102 can be a soil material. The fill material 102 can also be cement-stabilized soil. Alternatively, the filling material 102 may be free of binding agents and / or comprise gravel. The filling material 102 may also consist of gabion stones or be a stone sizing.

[0042] The support structure 10 further comprises a plurality of reinforcement textiles 32a-32d, each positioned above an anchoring mat 18a-18d in the rear region of the support structure 12. The reinforcement textiles 32a-32d are positioned such that a first reinforcement section 34a-34d of the respective reinforcement textiles 32a-32d rests on the anchoring section 28a-28d of the respective anchoring mat 18a-18d, and a material retention section 36a-36d of the reinforcement textiles 32a-32d extends along the support structure 12. The filling material 102, with which the rear region of the support structure 12 is filled, ensures a force-locking anchoring of the anchoring mats 18a-18d.The reinforcement textiles 32a-32d are each wrapped around the filling material 102, namely in such a way that the reinforcement textiles 32a-32d each comprise two spaced-apart and at least partially parallel reinforcement sections 34a-34d, wherein the filling material 102 is located between the at least partially parallel reinforcement sections 34a-34d of the respective reinforcement textiles 32a-32d. The filling material 102 is compacted by means of a compaction device.

[0043] The Fig. 2 shows a structure 100 with an alternative support structure 10. In this embodiment, the anchoring layers 30a, 30b of the anchoring sections 28a-28d of the anchoring mats 18a-18d do not extend directly above one another, but are spaced apart from one another in the vertical direction. For this purpose, the anchoring mats 18a-18d are each deflected by two connecting links 20a-20h, so that the deflection sections 26a-26d extend parallel to the support plane 24 of the support structure 12.

[0044] In this embodiment, additional reinforcement textiles (see numbers 32a-32d in Fig. 1 ) can be dispensed with.

[0045] The Fig. 3 bis 10 show the erection of a support structure 10 by means of a system 200.

[0046] The Fig. 3 shows an erection phase in which a support structure 12 has already been provided and erected. Furthermore, a support body 202 acting as a formwork support has been erected on the front side 14 of the support structure 12. The support body 202 is supported by push-pull props 206a, 206b. The support structure 12 was attached to the support body 202 by means of several fastening elements 204a, 204c.

[0047] As in the Fig. 4 As shown, a first anchoring mat 18a is then fixed to the support structure 12 by means of a first connecting member 20a.

[0048] The Fig. 5 shows that the anchoring mat 18a is then covered with filler material 102, wherein the filler material 102 is wrapped in a reinforcement textile 32a. A trickle protection mat 38a is also positioned on the front side.

[0049] As in the Fig. 6 As shown, a further anchoring mat 18b is then placed on the filling material 102 and connected to the support structure 12 by means of a further connecting member 20b.

[0050] The Fig. 7 shows that a further layer of filler material 102 is subsequently built onto the anchoring mat 18b, whereby this filler material 102 is also wrapped in a reinforcement textile 32b and a trickle protection mat 38b is positioned at the front. Furthermore, the push-pull props 206a, 206b were removed, since the anchoring mats 18a, 18b, which are connected to the support structure 12 via the connecting links 20a, 20b, ensure sufficient stabilization of the support structure 12 and thus also of the support body 202.

[0051] As in the Fig. 8 As shown, a further anchoring mat 18c is subsequently laid and connected to the support structure 12 by means of a connecting member 20c.

[0052] The Fig. 9 shows that a further layer of fill material 102 is subsequently built up, whereby this fill material layer is also provided with a reinforcement textile 32c and a trickle protection mat 38c. In addition, a further anchoring mat 18d was laid and connected to the support structure 12 by means of a connecting link 20d.

[0053] The Fig. 10 shows that the fastening elements 204a-204c can be released after complete production, allowing the support body 202 to be dismantled. The support structure 10 has inherent stability due to its ground anchoring, so that external bracing is no longer required. This inherent stability is achieved, in particular, by anchoring the support structure 12 using the anchoring mats 18a-18d, which are covered with filler material 102.

[0054] The Fig. 11 shows a support structure 12 designed as a support grid. The support grid is a steel grid mat with several horizontally extending grid struts 40 and several vertically extending grid struts 42. The steel grid mat has several spaced-apart beads 44a, 44b running along a vertical axis, with the fixing elements 22a, 22b being the vertical struts of the metal grid running in the base of the beads. The fixing elements 22a, 22b are thus integral components of the beaded steel grid mat. The beads 44a, 44b can be embossed into the steel grid mat at the factory in a suitable grid, for example, every 30 cm.

[0055] The Fig. 12 shows a system 200 for erecting a support structure 10, wherein the system 200 can be used as an alternative to the Fig. 2 bis 6 The illustrated push-pull props 206a, 206b comprise a support structure 208 consisting of support tubes 210a, 210b and pipe stands 212a, 212b for stabilizing the erected support structure 12. The pipe stands 212a, 212b are construction fence bases. In addition to the support structure 208, support is provided by a support body 202 acting as a formwork support.

[0056] The Fig. 13 und 14 show fastening members 204, by means of which the support structure 12 is fastened to the carrier body 202. The fastening members 204 can be removed non-destructively and serve to clamp the support structure 12 to the carrier body 202. The fastening members 204 comprise fixing brackets, which are clamped using wedges. The fixing bracket is suspended from the support structure 12, which is designed as a steel mesh mat, by means of end-side hook sections and runs around the carrier body 202 on the side of the carrier body 202 facing away from the support structure 12.

[0057] In the Fig. 13 Furthermore, a fastening member 204 designed as a hook clamp is shown, which can be used alternatively or in addition to fixing brackets.

[0058] The Fig. 15 shows that the anchoring mats 18 designed as geogrids can be slit in the area of ​​a bead 44a so that the fixing element 22a, i.e. the vertical strut in the base of the bead 44a, does not lead to an unintentional load on the anchoring mat 18 in the area of ​​the bead 44a.

[0059] The Fig. 16 shows a connecting link 20 designed as a plug-in rod, which is inserted between an anchoring mat 18 and fixing elements 22a, 22b. The connecting link 20 can have an eyelet at its end for temporary holding or for hooking with a further connecting link adjoining in the direction of extension of the connecting link 20.

[0060] A connecting link with such an eyelet is in Fig. 24 The fixing elements 22a, 22b are the vertical struts of the support structure 12, which is designed as a metal grid and runs in the area of ​​the beads 44a, 44b. The anchoring mat 18 is designed as a geogrid.

[0061] The Fig. 17 shows a folded-over anchoring mat 18 after the anchoring mat 18 has been attached to the support structure 12, which is designed as a corrugated steel mesh mat, by means of a connecting link 20 formed as a plug-in rod. Due to the folded-over of the anchoring mat 18, the anchoring mat 18 has two superimposed anchoring layers beyond the support structure 12. The anchoring layers of the anchoring mat 18 can then be covered with a filling material 102 to anchor the support structure 12.

[0062] The Fig. 18 shows a support structure 12 constructed as a sheet pile wall profile with the OMEGA cross-section type made of PVC. The sheet pile wall profile 12 has corrugations 44a, 44b extending along a vertical axis. The sheet pile wall profile has holes in the area of ​​the corrugations 44a, 44b through which a connecting member 20 constructed as a plug-in rod extends. An anchoring mat 18 (not shown) can be attached to the connecting member 20.

[0063] The Fig. 19 shows a further embodiment of a supporting structure. In this embodiment, the steel grid mat is also used as reinforcement mat for a subsequently applied shotcrete or in-situ concrete shell. The corrugated mat in this design variant is made of ribbed structural steel. In order to achieve the concrete cover required depending on the exposure of the structure, a spacer 23 is required between the geogrid mat and the steel grid between the corrugations on the earth side during the construction of the reinforced earth body. If this is designed, for example, in the form of a plastic grid in the style of a grass grid honeycomb, the element can remain in the concreting. Alternatively, a formwork board can be used as a spacer 23 during the compaction work, which is gradually pulled upwards as the work progresses.To prevent material from trickling out before concreting, a geotextile 38a-38c is mandatory during the construction of the reinforced earthwork. To adequately protect the connecting element 20 against corrosion with a concrete cover, the distance between the front and the connecting element can be adjusted by the shape and depth of the groove 44. Additional vertical bars can also be arranged in the groove area.

[0064] The Fig. 20 und 21 show a support structure 10 in which vertical struts, which serve as fixing elements 22a, 22b, extend in the grooves 44 of the support structure 12. The lattice struts 22a, 22b are spaced apart from one another in a direction orthogonal to the support plane 24 of the support structure 12. Thus, connecting elements 20a, 20b designed as plug-in rods can be positioned in different planes via the lattice struts 22a, 22b. This allows the fixing of anchoring mats 18a, 18b in different anchoring planes.

[0065] The Fig. 22 shows a further support structure 10. Since the sheet pile profile 12 in this case is made of plastic, additional vertical elements 25, for example pipes or solid round timbers, were inserted into the recesses of the profile before the connecting links 20 were inserted.

[0066] The Fig. 23 shows a fixing element 22 designed as a bent O-ring. The O-ring is placed around a vertical rod of a support structure 12 in order to create further support points for a rod-shaped connecting member 20.

[0067] The Fig. 24 shows a connecting link 20 with an end eyelet 46 for holding the connecting link 20 or for hooking the connecting link with a further connecting link following in the direction of extension of the connecting link 20. Bezugszeichen

[0068] 10 Supporting structure 12 Supporting structure 14 Front 16 Back 18, 18a-18d Anchoring mats 20, 20a-20h Connecting links 22, 22a, 22b Fixing elements 23 Spacers 24 Supporting plane 25 Vertical elements 26a-26d Deflection sections 28a-28d Anchoring sections 30a, 30b Anchoring layers 32a-32d Reinforcing textiles 34a-34d Reinforcing sections 36a-36d Material retention sections 38a-38c Trickle protection mat 40 Lattice struts 42 Lattice struts 44, 44a , 44b Beads 46 Eyelet 100Structure 102Filling material 200System 202Support body 204, 204a-204cFasteners 206a, 206bPull-out props 208Support structure 210, 210bSupport tubes 212a, 212bPipe stands

Claims

1. A method for erecting a support structure (10) for a geotechnical structure (100), in particular an earth structure, comprising the steps of: - providing at least one support structure (12); and - positioning at least one anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) on a rear side (16) of the support structure (12); characterized in that a connecting member (20, 20a-20h) is positioned on the side of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) facing away from the support structure (12) and is fixed to the support structure (12) via a plurality of fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b) spaced apart from one another in the horizontal longitudinal direction of the support structure (12) in such a way that the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) prevents the support structure (12) from becoming detached from the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe connecting member (20, 20a-20h) is fixed to the support structure (12) via the plurality of fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b) in such a way that the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) together with the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) is movable in the vertical direction.

3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b) are integral components of the support structure (12) and / or are designed as lattice struts (40, 42) of the support structure (12).

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support structure (12) has a plurality of beads (44, 44a, 44b) spaced apart from one another, preferably running perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and projecting from a support plane (24) in the direction of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d), wherein the fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b) are preferably arranged in the region of the beads (44, 44a, 44b).

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatthe connecting member (20, 20a-20h) is designed as a plug-in rod and / or is inserted between the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) and the fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b).

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the step: - wrapping the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) around the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) after fixing the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) to the support structure (12), so that the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) is deflected by the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) in the region of the support structure (12) and a deflection section (26a-26d) of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) runs around the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) and an anchoring section (28a-28d) of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) extending beyond the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) can be anchored by building over it with a filling material (102).

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized byat least one of the following steps: - positioning a reinforcement textile (32a-32d) in the rear region of the support structure (12) above the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d), in particular such that a first reinforcement section (34a-34d) of the reinforcement textile (32a-32d) rests on the anchoring section (28a-28d) of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) and / or a material retention section (36a-36d) of the reinforcement textile (32a-32d) extends along the support structure (12); - filling the rear region of the support structure (12) with a filling material (102), in particular loose material, for the force-locking anchoring of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) beneath the filling material (102);- Turning over the reinforcement textile (32a-32d) after the rear region of the support structure (12) has been filled with the filling material (102), in particular such that a second reinforcement section (34a-34d) of the reinforcement textile (32a-32d) runs above the filling material (102) and / or parallel to the first reinforcement section (34a-34d) of the reinforcement textile (32a-32d); - Compacting the filling material (102) located in the rear region of the support structure (12) with a compacting device; 8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one of the following steps: - erecting at least one carrier body (202) on a front side (14) of the support structure (12); - fastening the support structure (12) to the carrier body (202) by means of one or more fastening members (204, 204a-204c).

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thata plurality of anchoring mats (18, 18a-18d) are positioned on the rear side (16) of the support structure (12) at a distance from one another in the vertical direction, wherein the plurality of anchoring mats (18, 18a-18d) are each fixed to the support structure (12) by means of a connecting member (20, 20a-20h) positioned on the side of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) facing away from the support structure (12) and via a plurality of fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b) spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the support structure (12) in such a way that the respective connecting member (20, 20a-20h) prevents the support structure (12) from becoming detached from the respective anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d).

10. A system (200) for erecting a support structure (10) for a geotechnical structure (100), in particular by means of the method according to one of the preceding claims, comprising - at least one support structure (12); and - at least one anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) for positioning on a rear side (16) of the support structure (12); characterized by a connecting member (20, 20a-20h) for positioning on the side of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) facing away from the support structure (12), wherein the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) can be fixed to the support structure (12) via a plurality of fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b) spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the support structure (12) in such a way that the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) prevents the support structure (12) from becoming detached from the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d).

11. System (200) according to claim 10, characterized in that- the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) is designed as an anchoring textile; and / or - the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) is fixed to the support structure (12) via the plurality of fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b) in such a way that the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) together with the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) is movable in the vertical direction; and / or - the support structure (12) is designed as a support grid.

12. System (200) according to claim 10 or 11, characterized by - at least one support body (202) for erecting on a front side (14) of the support structure (12); and / or - one or more fastening members (204, 204a-204c) for fastening the support structure (12) to the support body (202); and / or - directional supports (206a, 206b) and / or a holding structure (208) comprising support tubes (210a, 210b) and tube stands (212a, 212b) for stabilizing the erected support structure (12).

13. Support structure (10) for a geotechnical structure (100), in particular an earth structure, which was preferably erected using the method according to one of claims 1 to 9 and / or by means of a system (200) according to one of claims 10 to 12, with - at least one support structure (12); and - at least one anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) positioned on a rear side (16) of the support structure (12); characterized by a connecting member (20, 20a-20h) which is positioned on the side of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) facing away from the support structure (12) and is fixed to the support structure (12) via a plurality of fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b) spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the support structure (12) in such a way that the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) prevents the support structure (12) from becoming detached from the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d).

14. Support structure (10) according to claim 13, characterized in that- the fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b) are integral components of the support structure (12) and / or are designed as lattice struts (40, 42) of the support structure (12); and / or - the support structure (12) has a plurality of beads (44, 44a, 44b) spaced apart from one another, preferably running perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and projecting from a support plane (24) in the direction of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d), wherein the fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b) are preferably arranged in the region of the beads (44, 44a, 44b).

15. Support structure (10) according to claim 14, characterized in that- the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) is designed as a plug-in rod and / or is inserted between the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) and the fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b); - the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) is folded over the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) in such a way that a deflection section (26a-26d) of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) runs around the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) and an anchoring section (28a-28d) of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) extending beyond the connecting member (20, 20a-20h) is built over by filling material (102).

16. Support structure (10) according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized bya plurality of anchoring mats (18, 18a-18d) which are positioned on the rear side (16) of the support structure (12) at a distance from one another in the vertical direction, wherein the plurality of anchoring mats (18, 18a-18d) are each fixed to the support structure (12) by means of a connecting member (20, 20a-20h) positioned on the side of the anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d) facing away from the support structure (12) and via a plurality of fixing elements (22, 22a, 22b) spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the support structure (12) in such a way that the respective connecting member (20, 20a-20h) prevents the support structure (12) from becoming detached from the respective anchoring mat (18, 18a-18d).

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