Biomass boiler and method for producing biomass boiler

Abstract

The invention relates to a biomass boiler (1) for a solid biomass fuel, in particular pellets and / or wood chips, comprising: a boiler housing (2), a combustion chamber (3) within the boiler housing (2) and a lining (4) for the combustion chamber (3), which has stacked side wall bricks (7), in particular firebricks or refractory concrete bricks, wherein the side wall bricks (7) each have at least one projection (15) on a first side (14), in particular on a top (18) / bottom (19), and at least one recess (17) preferably corresponding to the projection (15) on a second side (16) opposite the first side (14), in particular on a bottom (19) / top (18), so that side wall bricks (7) stacked on top of each other are secured against displacement in the horizontal direction (54).Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a biomass boiler (1) and the use of a building block with at least one projection (15) on a first side (14) and at least one recess (17) on a second side (16) opposite the first side (14).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a biomass boiler for a solid biomass fuel, in particular pellets and / or wood chips, comprising: a boiler casing, a combustion chamber inside the boiler casing and a lining for the combustion chamber, which comprises stacked side wall bricks, in particular fireclay bricks or refractory concrete bricks.

[0002] Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a biomass boiler and the use of a building block with at least one projection on a first side and at least one recess on a second side opposite the first side.

[0003] Biomass boilers are used for heat generation. To protect the components of the biomass boiler and objects in its immediate vicinity from the high temperatures in the combustion chamber, linings made of heat-resistant sidewall bricks are used, which surround and insulate the combustion chamber.

[0004] To line the combustion chamber, the side wall blocks of biomass boilers are currently bonded together with mortar to create a material bond, and individual blocks are fixed to the boiler casing using mechanical retaining elements. This bonding of the side wall blocks to each other and to the boiler casing is necessary because the blocks expand due to the high temperatures in the combustion chamber (up to 1000°C), often leading to displacement. However, isolated instances of block displacement can still occur because the high temperatures in the combustion chamber can cause cracks in the mortar. A further disadvantage is that the use of mortar between the side wall blocks and the installation of the mechanical retaining elements increase the manufacturing effort of the biomass boiler.The solution used so far to prevent displacement of side wall bricks in biomass boilers is therefore unsatisfactory.

[0005] Stones for limiting a combustion chamber or for chimneys of ovens are known from other areas of the prior art for other purposes.

[0006] For example, EP 0 954 723 A1 discloses refractory bricks for flue pipe walls of annular furnaces for firing carbon anodes used in the production of aluminium. The bricks interlock to prevent the deflection and collapse of flue pipe walls and the ingress of filler material between the bricks.

[0007] US 5,277,580 A also discloses refractory bricks for use in chimneys and high-temperature furnaces, especially metallurgical furnaces and combustion plants, which are fixed by means of additional fasteners and interlock to prevent them from being moved by explosions inside the furnace.

[0008] Stones for industrial furnaces are also known from CN 204268893 U.

[0009] In light of these considerations, the object of the present invention is to mitigate or even completely eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art. Preferably, the object of the present invention is to reduce the manufacturing effort for a biomass boiler of the type mentioned above and at the same time to prevent possible displacement of side wall bricks.

[0010] This problem is solved by a biomass boiler according to claim 1, the use of a component in a biomass boiler according to claim 14, and a method for manufacturing a biomass boiler according to claim 15.

[0011] According to the invention, in a biomass boiler of the type mentioned above, the side wall blocks each have at least one projection on a first side, in particular on a top / bottom side, and at least one recess, preferably corresponding to the projection, on a second side opposite the first side, in particular on a bottom / top side, so that stacked side wall blocks are secured against displacement in the horizontal direction. Advantageously, this prevents adjacent side wall blocks from shifting in the horizontal direction due to thermal expansion and subsequent cooling.Because the projections of the side wall blocks engage in the recesses of adjacent side wall blocks, no additional mechanical retaining elements are required on individual side wall blocks, nor are bonded fasteners such as mortar or adhesives needed between the blocks. Of course, mortar, adhesives, and / or mechanical retaining elements can still be used to further secure the side wall blocks. However, it is preferred that no bonded fasteners, especially mortar and adhesives, nor any mechanical retaining elements are used between the side wall blocks. This advantageously reduces the manufacturing effort of the biomass boiler. The joining of the side wall blocks and the engagement of their projections in the recesses of other side wall blocks creates a lining for the combustion chamber that is secured against displacement of individual blocks.Preferably, at least one projection is designed such that translational displacement of stacked side wall blocks in all horizontal directions is prevented. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the engagement of the projections in the recesses also prevents rotation of the side wall blocks relative to each other about a vertical axis as a result of thermal expansion and cooling. When the side wall blocks cool, they are returned to their original position due to the projections engaging in the recesses. Preferably, the lining comprises a plurality of side wall blocks with at least one projection on the first side and at least one recess on the second side. The lining can also include other types of side wall blocks in addition to such side wall blocks.For example, it may be provided that, in addition to side wall bricks with at least one projection on the first side and at least one recess on the second side, there are also side wall bricks that, for example, have no projections or recesses, only projections on the first sides, or only recesses on the second sides. The side wall bricks are preferably bricks intended for lining a side wall of the combustion chamber, particularly a vertical one. Besides the side wall bricks, the lining may also include, for example, base bricks and / or cover bricks that can cover, for example, a bottom or top surface of or within the combustion chamber. These base bricks and / or cover bricks may differ from the side wall bricks in terms of shape and / or method of attachment.The at least one projection on the side wall blocks preferably extends at least 10 millimeters (mm), particularly at least 12 mm or at least 14 mm, from the first side. The at least one recess on the side wall blocks preferably extends at least 11 mm, particularly at least 13 mm or at least 15 mm, from the second side into the respective side wall block. For example, the projection at its highest point may have a vertical extension of substantially 15 mm relative to the surrounding first surface. Similarly, the recess at its lowest point may have a vertical extension of substantially 19 mm relative to the surrounding second side. The side wall blocks preferably have a substantially cuboid base. Corner connecting blocks may also be provided, which, for example, may have a substantially L-shaped base. The edges of the base may be rounded.The at least one projection and the at least one recess can be spaced from the edges of the base body. It is particularly preferred if the at least one projection is located on the top side of the side wall blocks and the at least one recess is located on the bottom side of the side wall blocks. Of course, the reverse arrangement is also possible. In this case, the at least one projection is located on the bottom side of the side wall blocks and the at least one recess is located on the top side of the side wall blocks. The first side is preferably aligned parallel to the second side. Stacked side wall blocks are particularly well secured against misalignment if the shape of the at least one recess of a side wall block essentially corresponds to the shape of the at least one projection of the side wall block.In one embodiment of the invention, this is provided for all side wall blocks with projections and recesses in the lining. The side wall blocks of the lining according to the invention, with the projections and recesses, can all be identical or different, particularly with regard to size, shape, and the number of recesses and projections. At least one side wall block, preferably several side wall blocks, can have several projections and several recesses. The projections and / or the recesses of one or more side wall blocks can be essentially the same or different. Preferably, in the case of side wall blocks with several projections and several recesses, the number of projections also corresponds to the number of recesses. The side wall blocks are preferably made of fireclay or refractory concrete.Fireclay is typically manufactured as a liquid mass that is pressed under pressure and hardened. For the production of refractory concrete, a powdery mass is usually used as the starting material, which is poured into a mold with water, vibrated, demolded, and tempered. (In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lining comprising the side wall bricks can have four side walls and a top surface. The top surface can be formed by cover bricks that differ from the side wall bricks.) The biomass boiler can, for example, have a heating output between 20 kW and 2000 kW. In the biomass boiler, solid biomass fuel is gasified and converted into heat energy. In this disclosure, biomass refers exclusively to animal and plant products and corresponds to the energy-related definition of biomass.Examples of solid biomass fuels include wood pieces, wood pellets, wood chips, straw, and grain. The biomass boiler can be, in particular, a wood pellet boiler and / or a wood chip boiler. The boiler casing forms a basic structure for the combustion chamber and preferably incorporates structural elements made of metal, especially sheet metal.

[0012] Directional information and orientations in this disclosure refer to the intended operating condition of a biomass boiler. The vertical direction is a direction parallel to the acceleration due to gravity. The side wall blocks are essentially stacked vertically on top of each other.

[0013] The side wall stones can, for example, have a length between 150 and 600 mm, a width between 50 mm and 200 mm and a height between 70 mm and 600 mm.

[0014] The manufacturing effort for the biomass boiler is significantly reduced if several, and in particular all, stacked side wall blocks of the lining are secured against horizontal displacement solely by positive locking and / or frictional connection between the side wall blocks. In this embodiment, the side wall blocks are therefore not bonded by a material, such as an adhesive or mortar. The contact surfaces between the side wall blocks are thus free of any material-bonding fasteners. The side wall blocks can preferably be assembled into a stack within the lining without tools and, if necessary, separated again.

[0015] In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that, viewed from above, at least one projection and at least one recess are arranged one above the other on one or more, in particular all, side wall blocks of the lining. The at least one projection and the at least one recess of at least one side wall block are therefore arranged on an imaginary common vertical axis. If a side wall block has several projections and an equal number of recesses, the projections can each be arranged one above the other with a recess when viewed from above. In other words, a side wall block with several projections and several recesses can have several parallel imaginary vertical axes, each passing through a projection and a recess of the side wall block.Several such side wall stones with multiple projections and multiple recesses can be provided.

[0016] For easy stacking, it is advantageous if the shape of the at least one projection and the shape of the at least one recess are essentially the same in one or more, and in particular all, side wall blocks. In this embodiment, the at least one projection of at least one side wall block essentially corresponds to the at least one recess.

[0017] To prevent displacement, it is advantageous if the projection on at least one or more, and in particular all, side wall blocks has at least two inclined, preferably straight, surfaces relative to the first side. These inclined surfaces facilitate the joining of two side wall blocks while simultaneously preventing misalignment. The inclined surfaces can form an acute angle with the first side in cross-section, ranging from 3° to 87°, preferably 40° to 80°, for example, substantially 60°. The acute angle preferably lies within the respective side wall block. Preferably, the inclined surfaces are rotated approximately 90° relative to each other about a vertical axis. It is particularly preferred if the projection has four inclined surfaces, each rotated 90° relative to the adjacent inclined surfaces about a vertical axis.Analogous to the projection, the at least one recess can also have at least two surfaces inclined relative to the first side, preferably straight. Analogous to the projection, the inclined surfaces of the recess, viewed in cross-section, can form an obtuse angle with the second side, which is between 93° and 177°, preferably 100° and 140°, for example, substantially 120°. The obtuse angle preferably lies within the respective side wall block.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, it can be provided that on one or more, in particular all, side wall blocks, at least one projection has the shape of a preferably rectangular, in particular square, truncated pyramid. The upper surface of the truncated pyramid can be oriented parallel to the first side of the respective side wall block on which the projection is arranged.

[0019] At least one side wall block, preferably several side wall blocks, and in particular all side wall blocks, can each have several projections and several recesses. The projections of a side wall block can be essentially identical or different. The recesses of a side wall block can be essentially identical or different. The projections and / or recesses of several side wall blocks can also be essentially identical or different. It is preferred if one or more side wall blocks each have the same number of recesses as projections.

[0020] To simplify the stacking of the side wall blocks, it is advantageous if the projections of at least one side wall block are arranged on an imaginary first straight line along the first side, and the recesses of at least one side wall block are arranged on an imaginary second straight line along the second side. In one embodiment of the invention, several, in particular all, side wall blocks can be designed in this way. It is preferred if the distance between an outermost projection of a side wall block and the edge between the first side of the base body and the end face of the base body nearest the outermost projection corresponds substantially to half the distance between two adjacent projections of the side wall block.

[0021] To facilitate, for example, the installation of sensors or pipes leading into the combustion chamber, or the introduction of solid biomass fuel into the combustion chamber, at least one side wall brick, preferably several side wall bricks, can have at least one recess, in particular a recess extending from a first side surface to a second side surface of the at least one side wall brick. The recess can have a diameter of at least 10 mm, in particular at least 20 mm. The recess can, for example, have a maximum diameter of up to 100 mm. Preferably, the recess extends from the first side surface to the second side surface. The first side surface and the second side surface are distinct from the first and second sides of the side wall brick. The first and second side surfaces can be opposite each other. The recess can be closed on its circumference, thus forming a hole, or it can be open.It is particularly preferred if the recess is a through-opening extending in a horizontal direction. It is especially advantageous if the through-opening forms a connection from the boiler casing to the combustion chamber.

[0022] In one embodiment of the invention, the biomass boiler has an air supply device configured to introduce air into the combustion chamber through at least one recess. For this purpose, a pipe of the air supply device can be at least partially inserted into the recess. The air supply device can include a blower. Primary, secondary, and / or tertiary air can be introduced into the combustion chamber through the at least one recess. Accordingly, the recess can be configured as a primary air supply opening, a secondary air supply opening, and / or a tertiary air supply opening.

[0023] In one embodiment of the invention, the biomass boiler has an ignition blower configured to introduce hot air for igniting the solid biomass fuel through at least one recess into the combustion chamber. For this purpose, a pipe of the air supply device can be at least partially inserted into the recess. The ignition blower can include a heating element capable of generating hot air at a temperature of at least 500 °C.

[0024] In one embodiment of the invention, the biomass boiler has a feed device for the solid biomass fuel, which is configured to introduce the solid biomass fuel into the combustion chamber through a stoker connection opening in the lining. The feed device can draw the solid biomass fuel from a storage area, which may be located inside or outside the biomass boiler. The feed device can, for example, include a rotary screw conveyor configured to convey the solid biomass fuel into the combustion chamber.

[0025] In one embodiment of the invention, the biomass boiler has an image acquisition device that is guided through the recess into the combustion chamber or is integrated into the recess. The image acquisition device can comprise a camera and a connecting cable for linking to a processor unit of the biomass boiler. The connecting cable can be guided through the recess to the processor unit of the biomass condensing boiler. The camera can capture images of the combustion chamber. The camera can be arranged in the recess or on a side surface of a side wall block.

[0026] In one embodiment of the invention, the biomass boiler has a measuring device comprising a sensor, for example a temperature, pressure, or humidity sensor, which is guided through the recess into the combustion chamber or is received in the recess. The sensor can have a sensor head and a connecting cable. The sensor can be connected to a control and / or regulating device of the biomass boiler by means of the connecting cable. The sensor's connecting cable can be guided through the recess to the control and / or regulating device. The sensor head can be arranged on or in the recess or on a side surface of a side wall block.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the combustion chamber has a primary combustion zone for the primary combustion of the solid biomass fuel and a secondary combustion zone for the secondary combustion of the combustion gases produced during primary combustion. Preferably, it also has a tertiary combustion zone, also referred to as a burnout zone, for further afterburning of the combustion gases and / or emission reduction. Preferably, the biomass boiler has a grate, in particular a moving grate, with the primary combustion zone extending upwards from the grate. The secondary combustion zone is connected to the primary combustion zone in terms of gas flow. The tertiary combustion zone is connected to the secondary combustion zone in terms of gas flow. Preferably, the tertiary combustion zone extends above the secondary combustion zone.Preferably, the lining comprises an arrangement of cover stones, in particular a lower vault, which separates the tertiary combustion zone from the secondary combustion zone, wherein a deflection channel for diverting the combustion gases from the secondary to the tertiary combustion zone may be left open by the cover stones. Furthermore, the lining may have additional cover stones, in particular an upper vault, which may define the upper boundary of the tertiary combustion zone.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the lining has an outlet opening for removing post-combustion gases, i.e., flue gases, from the tertiary combustion zone. The outlet opening is preferably connected to a heat exchanger in which the flue gases transfer their heat to a heat exchange medium, particularly water. For this purpose, the heat exchanger can have at least one rising flue and / or at least one downward flue. The rising flue or downward flue is a passage, in particular a pipe, of the heat exchanger through which the flue gases generated by combustion pass and thereby transfer thermal energy to a heat exchange medium, particularly water. During operation of the biomass boiler, the flue gases are directed upwards in the rising flue and downwards in the downward flue. The rising flue and the downward flue thus each form part of the flue gas path.Furthermore, the heat exchanger can have an outlet through which the flue gases can be discharged after passing through the heat exchanger, particularly towards a chimney. Preferably, the outlet opening from the combustion chamber to the heat exchanger is bounded by several side wall bricks of the lining. In addition, the lining can form at least one combustion chamber door opening, which can be closed with a combustion chamber door. To introduce the solid biomass fuel into the combustion chamber, an inlet opening can also be provided, which is preferably bounded by several side wall bricks of the lining. The solid biomass fuel can be conveyed into the combustion chamber via this inlet opening, for example, using a screw conveyor.

[0029] The invention also relates to the use of a building block with at least one projection on a first side, in particular on a top / bottom side, and at least one recess, preferably corresponding to the projection, on a second side opposite the first side, in particular on a bottom / top side, as a side wall block for lining the combustion chamber of a biomass boiler to secure stacked side wall blocks against horizontal displacement. Regarding the advantages, features, and effects of this use, reference is made to the above descriptions, which are applicable to the use of the building block as a side wall block for lining the combustion chamber of or around the combustion chamber of a biomass boiler.

[0030] The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a biomass boiler for a solid biomass fuel, comprising a combustion chamber and a lining on, in, or around the combustion chamber, characterized in that the lining is formed by stacking side wall blocks, each of which has at least one projection on a first side, in particular on a top / bottom side, and at least one recess, preferably corresponding to the projection, on a second side opposite the first side, in particular on a bottom / top side, so that stacked side wall blocks are secured against displacement in the horizontal direction. The lining can therefore be produced by stacking the side wall blocks, preferably without the use of a bonding agent.During stacking, the projections of the side wall blocks are inserted into the recesses of adjacent side wall blocks to create a form-fit and / or frictional connection between the side wall blocks. Regarding the advantages, characteristics, and effects of this method, reference is made to the above explanations, which are applicable to the process.

[0031] The invention is described below with reference to figures, to which it is not limited. The figures show: Fig. 1 a cross-section through a biomass boiler with a lining; Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B Each a lining of a biomass boiler in an oblique view; Fig. 2C the lining in a cutaway view from the rear; Fig. 3A und Fig. 3B each a cutaway view of the lining of Fig. 2A-C ; Fig. 4 a side wall of the lining in longitudinal section; Fig. 5A shows a side wall stone without a recess; Fig. 5B shows the side wall stone in a longitudinal section; Fig. 5C shows the side wall stone in a cross-section; and Fig. 6A shows a side wall stone with two recesses here; Fig. 6B shows the side wall stone in a longitudinal section; Fig. 6C shows the side wall stone in a cross-section.

[0032] Fig. 1 Figure 1 shows a cross-section through a biomass boiler 1 for a solid biomass fuel (not shown), such as pellets or wood chips. The biomass boiler 1 has a boiler housing 2 in which a combustion chamber 3 is arranged with a primary combustion zone 3A above a grate 3B (here a moving grate), a secondary combustion zone 3C above the primary combustion zone 3A, and a tertiary combustion zone 3D above the secondary combustion zone 3C, so that the solid biomass fuel can be gasified or recombusted in the combustion chamber 3. To protect the surrounding parts of the biomass boiler 1 and objects in the vicinity from the high temperatures inside the combustion chamber 3, a lining 4 is provided for the combustion chamber 3. The lining 4 is arranged on an inner wall 5 of the boiler housing 2 and surrounds the combustion chamber 3.

[0033] Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B Figure 4 shows the lining 4 in two different oblique views. The lining 4 has several side walls 6, namely a front 6a, a left 6b, a right 6c, and a rear side wall 6d, which are formed by stacked side wall blocks 7. The side wall blocks 7 are made, for example, of refractory concrete. Furthermore, the lining 4 has an upper vault 8A, which is composed of inclined cover stones 9, which can also be made, for example, of refractory concrete. Fig. 2C It can be seen that the lining 4 has a lower arch 50 separating the tertiary combustion zone 3D from the secondary combustion zone 3C, thus forming a deflection channel 10 for diverting the combustion gases from the secondary combustion zone 3C past the lower arch 50 into the tertiary combustion zone 3D, also called the burnout zone. The lower arch 50 is formed by further inclined cover stones 9. To discharge post-combustion gases, i.e., flue gases, from the tertiary combustion zone 3D, the lining 4 has an outlet opening 11, which is connected to a heat exchanger 55 (shown only schematically in the figure). Fig. 1 (as can be seen) is connected in which the flue gases transfer their heat to a heat exchange medium, in particular water. After passing through the heat exchanger 55, the flue gases are discharged via a chimney (not shown). The lining 4 forms the outlet opening 11 to the heat exchanger 55, as well as combustion chamber door openings 12, which can be closed with combustion chamber doors 20. To introduce the solid biomass fuel into the combustion chamber 3, an inlet opening 13 is also provided, which is bounded by several side wall blocks 7. The solid biomass fuel can be conveyed into the combustion chamber 3 via this inlet opening 13, for example, using a screw conveyor (not shown). Several side wall blocks 7 have recesses 26, which will be described in more detail below.

[0034] Fig. 3A und Fig. 3B show a cutaway view of the lining 4 from Fig. 2A-C .

[0035] Fig. 4 Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a side wall 6 of the lining 4. The side wall 6 is formed by a multitude of side wall blocks 7 arranged one above the other, some of which have a cuboid base 51. Other side wall blocks are designed, for example, as corner blocks, which may have an L-shaped cross-section. The majority of the side wall blocks 7 of the depicted side wall have at least one projection 15 on a first side 14 and at least one recess 17 on a second side 16 opposite the first side 14 (see also Figure 1). Fig. 5A The first sides 14 are formed in the illustration by the top surfaces 18 of the side wall blocks 7. The second sides 16 are formed in the illustration by the bottom surfaces 19 of the side wall blocks. The lining 4 has side wall blocks 7a with several projections 15 and several recesses 17. However, the lining 4 can also have side wall blocks with only a single projection 15 and only a single recess 17 (not shown). The side wall blocks 7a can differ not only in the number of projections 15 and recesses 17, but also in size and shape. By engaging the projections 15 in the recesses 17, a stable side wall 6 is formed without any bonding agents between the side wall blocks 7, such as mortar or adhesive.The engagement of the projections 15 in the recesses 17, combined with the weight of the side wall blocks 7, creates a positive and force-fit connection between the side wall blocks 7. Because the projections 15 are engaged in the recesses 17, displacement of the side wall blocks 7 relative to each other in all horizontal directions 54 due to thermal expansion and subsequent cooling is prevented. Upon cooling, the side wall blocks 7 are returned to their original position by the projections 15 engaged in the recesses 17.

[0036] In addition to the side wall blocks 7a, the side wall 6 also has side wall blocks 7b with exclusively recesses 17 and side wall blocks 7c with exclusively projections 15. The lining 4 also forms an inlet opening 13 for the solid biomass fuel and an opening 12 that can be closed with the combustion chamber door 20. The combustion chamber door 20 can be used, for example, for maintenance work.

[0037] Fig. 5A Figure 1 shows a side wall stone 7a with several projections 15 and several depressions 17. The depressions 17 are particularly evident in Fig. 5B The diagram shows a longitudinal section of the side wall block 7a. The side wall block 7a has a cuboid base 51. The base 51 has a top surface 18, a bottom surface 19, a first side surface 27, a second side surface 28, and two end faces 52. The edges 53 of the base 51 may be rounded. The projections 15 extend from the top surface 18. The recesses 17 project into the side wall block 7a on the bottom surface 19. The projections 15 and recesses 17 are each spaced from the edges 53 of the base 51. The projections 15 are arranged along an imaginary straight line. The recesses 17 are also arranged along an imaginary straight line. The number of projections 15 corresponds to the number of recesses 17. The projections 15 each have four inclined surfaces 21, each inclined surface being rotated 90° about a vertical axis relative to an adjacent inclined surface 21.Furthermore, each projection 15 has a cover surface 22 that connects the inclined surfaces 21 of the projection 15. The projections 15 thus have the shape of a truncated pyramid 23. The truncated pyramid 23 is square in the illustration shown. The shape of the projections 15 essentially corresponds to the shape of the recesses 17 of the side wall stone. The inclined surfaces 21 simplify the insertion of the projections 15 into the recesses 17. The inclined surfaces 21 of the projections 15 form an acute angle α of approximately 60° with the first side 14. The inclined surfaces 21 of the recesses 17 form an obtuse angle β of approximately 120° with the second side 16. Viewed from above, each projection 15 and recess 17 are essentially aligned one above the other.Thus, the axes of symmetry 24 of each projection 15 and depression 17 lie in a common vertical axis 25 (see . Fig. 5B ). In this way, the side wall blocks 7a are particularly easy to stack.

[0038] Preferably, the distance D / 2 between an outermost projection 15 of a side wall stone 7a with multiple projections 15 and the edge 53 between the top surface 18 and the associated end face 52 corresponds substantially to half the distance D between two adjacent projections 17 of the side wall stone 7a. In this way, side wall stones 7 can be stacked offset from one another.

[0039] Fig. 5C Figure 7a shows a cross-section of the side wall stone. The section passes through a projection 15 and a depression 17.

[0040] The above statements are not limited to side wall stones 7a with three projections 15 and three recesses 17, but are applicable analogously to side wall stones 7 with any number of projections 15 and recesses 17.

[0041] Fig. 6A shows a side wall stone 7a with two recesses 26. Except for the recesses 26, the side wall stone 7a corresponds to Fig. 6A the side wall stone 7a according to Fig. 5A , therefore, only the differences to the embodiment according to will be discussed below. Fig. 5A-C The recesses 26 lead from a first side surface 27 to a second side surface 28, which is why the recesses 26 can also be referred to as through-recesses or through-openings. In the illustration shown, the recesses 26 are not completely closed on their circumference because they are open on the underside 16. However, it is also possible that the recesses 26 are closed on their circumference, so that the recesses 26 are through-holes 29 (see Fig. 4 ) form. The depicted recesses 26 have a cross-section in the shape of an inverted U with two straight legs and a 180° base. Naturally, the side wall stone 7a can have more than two or even just one such recess 26. One or more such recesses 26 can also be provided in other side wall stones 7a that have a different number of projections 15 and depressions 17. In Fig. 4 For example, a side wall stone 7a with a hole 29 is shown as a recess 26.

[0042] The openings 26 allow, for example, pipes to be routed into or through the combustion chamber 3. Sensors 30 and cameras, or their connecting cables, can also be routed into the combustion chamber 3 through the openings 26.

[0043] The above statements are not limited to side wall stones 7a with three projections 15 and three recesses 17, but are applicable analogously to side wall stones 7a with any number of projections 15 and recesses 17.

[0044] In Fig. 4 Several side wall blocks 7 with recesses 26 are shown. The recesses can be distinguished according to their purpose. For differentiation, the recesses 26 are designated 26a, 26b, 26c, and 26d. Sensors 30 are accommodated in the recesses 26a, which are designed as through holes 29. The sensors 30 can be, for example, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, or humidity sensors. The recesses 26b (see Fig. 3A und Fig. 3B ) are at least partially equipped with pipes to direct air or heated hot air into the combustion chamber 3 for igniting the solid biomass fuel. Secondary air can be directed into the combustion chamber 3 via the recesses 26c. Tertiary air can be directed into the combustion chamber 3 via the recesses 26d. In one embodiment of the invention, pipes, in particular pipes for air supply, can also be at least partially integrated into the recesses 26c and 26d.

Claims

1. Biomass boiler (1) for a biomass solid fuel, in particular pellets and / or wood chips, comprising: a boiler housing (2), a combustion chamber (3) within the boiler housing (2) and a lining (4) for the combustion chamber (3), which has stacked side wall bricks (7), in particular firebricks or fire concrete blocks, characterized in that the side wall stones (7) each have at least one projection (15) on a first side (14), in particular on an upper side (18) or lower side (19), and at least one recess (17) preferably corresponding to the projection (15) on a second side (16) opposite the first side (14), in particular on an underside (19) or upper side (18), so that side wall stones (7) stacked one above the other are secured against displacement in the horizontal direction (54).

2. Biomass boiler (1) according to claim 1, characterized in thatseveral, in particular all, stacked side wall stones (7) of the lining (4) are secured against displacement in the horizontal direction (54) exclusively by form-fitting and / or frictional engagement between the side wall stones (7).

3. Biomass boiler (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in each case on one or more, in particular all, side wall stones (7) of the lining (4), as seen in plan view, the at least one projection (15) and the at least one recess (17) are arranged in particular flush one above the other.

4. Biomass boiler (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in each case one or more, in particular all, side wall stones (7) the shape of the at least one projection (15) and the shape of the at least one recess (17) are substantially the same.

5. Biomass boiler (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in thatthe at least one projection (15) has at least two surfaces (21) inclined, preferably straight, relative to the first side in each case one or more, in particular all, side wall stones (7).

6. Biomass boiler (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in each case one or more, in particular all, side wall stones (7) the at least one projection (15) has the shape of a preferably quadrangular, in particular square, truncated pyramid (23).

7. Biomass boiler (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one side wall brick (7), preferably several side wall bricks (7), in particular all side wall bricks (7), each has / have several projections (15) and several recesses (17).

8. Biomass boiler (1) according to claim 7, characterized in thatthe projections (15) of the at least one side wall brick (7) are arranged on an imaginary first straight line along the first side (14) and the recesses (17) of the at least one side wall brick are arranged on an imaginary second straight line along the second side (16).

9. Biomass boiler (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one side wall brick (7), preferably a plurality of side wall bricks (7), each having at least one recess (26), in particular a recess (26) extending from a first side surface (27) to a second side surface (28) of the at least one side wall brick (7).

10. Biomass boiler (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the biomass boiler (1) has an air supply device which is designed to introduce air through the at least one recess (26) into the combustion chamber (3).

11. Biomass boiler (1) according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in thatthe biomass boiler (1) has an ignition fan which is designed to introduce hot air for igniting the biomass solid fuel through the at least one recess (26) into the combustion chamber (3).

12. Biomass boiler (1) according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the biomass boiler (1) has an image recording device which is guided through the recess (26) into the combustion chamber (3) or is received in the recess (26).

13. Biomass boiler (1) according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the biomass boiler (1) has a measuring device which has a sensor, for example a temperature, pressure or humidity sensor, which is guided through the recess into the combustion chamber or is accommodated in the recess (26).

14. Use of a building block with at least one projection (15) on a first side (14), in particular on an upper side (18) / underside (19), and at least one recess (17), preferably corresponding to the projection (15), on a second side (16) opposite the first side (14), in particular on an underside (19) / upper side (18), as a side wall block (7) for a lining (4) of a combustion chamber (4) of a biomass boiler (1) for securing side wall blocks (7) stacked one above the other against displacement in the horizontal direction (54).

15. A method for producing a biomass boiler (1) for a biomass solid fuel with a combustion chamber (3) and a lining (4) for the combustion chamber (3), characterized in thatthe lining (4) is formed by stacking side wall stones (7), which side wall stones (7) each have at least one projection (15) on a first side (14), in particular on an upper side (18) / underside (19), and at least one recess (17) preferably corresponding to the projection (15) on a second side (16) opposite the first side (14), in particular on an underside (19) / upper side (18), so that side wall stones (7) stacked one above the other are secured against displacement in the horizontal direction (54).

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