Ballistic block for bullet screen glazing

Abstract

The invention relates to a ballistic block (10), in particular for bullet-resistant glazing (100) or as bullet-resistant glazing (100), wherein the ballistic block (10) has at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) which are connected to each other via an intermediate layer (19), wherein the ballistic block (10) is designed without an energy-absorbing layer or polycarbonate film, and wherein the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) and in particular all transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) are each panes made of tempered glass.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to bullet-resistant glazing. In particular, the invention relates to a ballistic block for bullet-resistant glazing or as bullet-resistant glazing, in particular in the form of a transparent, shatterproof, and bullet-resistant glazing, and to its use.

[0002] It is well known that wall structures, such as building facades, can be designed to be bullet-resistant in buildings with high security risks. If such facades or wall structures are to be transparent, bullet-resistant glass elements are installed. Due to the high thermal insulation requirements, bullet-resistant insulating glass elements are generally used.

[0003] For example, such a bullet-resistant insulating glass element is known from DE 2 901 951 A1. The insulating glass layer is formed by two individual panes spaced apart by a spacer. The resulting air gap provides the desired improved thermal insulation.

[0004] The bullet-resistant glass layer is formed by additional individual panes bonded together to the individual panes. This creates so-called laminated glass packages, which are constructed from several individual panes arranged one behind the other, bonded together at their mutually contacting surfaces by foil or cast resin.

[0005] However, for manufacturing reasons, the dimensions of bullet-resistant insulating glass units are limited. For facade or wall constructions, a large number of individual bullet-resistant insulating glass units are therefore required, which must be spaced apart to allow the elements that ultimately form the frame to be arranged, thus enabling the edges to be securely clamped by individual insulating glass units.

[0006] However, this approach has several disadvantages. For example, if an angled shot is fired at the edge of the bullet-resistant insulating glass elements, where the trajectory runs diagonally within the bullet-resistant insulating glass element, i.e., at an angle to its main plane, the projectiles can exit the edge area of ​​the insulating glass elements. After that, the projectiles only need to penetrate the designated elements of the facade structure to reach the area to be protected.

[0007] The façade elements that hold the bullet-resistant insulating glass units are usually composite profile arrangements, particularly hollow-chamber aluminum profiles, which do not offer sufficient bullet resistance. Since the projectiles only need to penetrate a portion of the individual panes of the laminated glass package during an angled shot, this poses a threat to the area to be protected. The bullet resistance of the bullet-resistant insulating glass units can be extremely high in individual cases during an angled shot.

[0008] To avoid this disadvantage, it is known to provide steel inserts on the facade elements in the area between adjacent insulating glass units. In individual cases, several such steel inserts may be required, which can be arranged, for example, in the cavities of corresponding hollow chamber profiles.

[0009] However, the installation of such steel inserts is extremely labor-intensive, as a number of additional steps are required during the manufacture of such facade structures. For example, the steel inserts must be deflected according to the length of the facade elements to be protected and inserted, secured, and attached in locations that are usually difficult to access. Sometimes, additional steel corner pieces must be considered in the area of ​​corner joints, which are intended to protect the facade structure against fire, even in its corner areas.

[0010] Another problem with such steel inserts is that they interrupt the desired poor heat transfer in the corresponding areas of the facade. Therefore, it may be necessary to install additional insulation inserts, which in turn incur additional costs for manufacturing and, above all, installation.

[0011] Instead of using steel inserts, it would be conceivable—at least theoretically—to increase the dimensions of the bullet-resistant insulating glass units. However, as already indicated, the dimensions are limited, particularly for manufacturing reasons. In particular, for technical reasons, only bullet-resistant or bullet-resistant glazing with relatively small dimensions is currently feasible, as the commonly applied polycarbonate sheets or shatter-resistant films limit the feasible dimensions. Larger formats are not feasible, in particular because the static requirements would then no longer be met. This is primarily due to the fact that laminate films for polycarbonate can no longer transfer the load beyond a size of around 10 m².

[0012] Furthermore, although the proportion of polycarbonate in the bullet-resistant or bullet-resistant glazing would have a positive effect on bullet resistance, negative consequences for the fire behavior occur when the plastic or polycarbonate proportion reaches a certain mass.

[0013] Bullet-resistant glass without shattering of classes BR1-NS to BR7-NS according to EN 1063 is currently primarily based on an inner layer of either polycarbonate or a tear-resistant clear film. These inner layers have the disadvantage that they are not as scratch-resistant as glass and are limited in production size. The functionality of the glass is also limited by the use of lamination films specifically required to bond polycarbonate to glass. Solar control layers are also not possible for insulating glass production.

[0014] The present invention aims to eliminate these disadvantages.

[0015] The "core" of the invention is to be seen in particular in the use of a ballistic block as bullet-resistant glazing, particularly in a monolithic design, i.e., without any additional glazing in front of or behind the ballistic block. The ballistic block is constructed from a plurality of sandwiched glass panes made of tempered glass (partially tempered or fully tempered glass) that are bonded to one another via a high-strength ionoplast layer. This construction creates a statically self-supporting glazing unit – due to the tempered glass panes on the one hand and the high-strength ionoplast bond on the other. This glazing unit can thus be used without a frame, for example, as a personal partition.For this purpose, it is advantageous that the ballistic block has a symmetrical structure, so that both side surfaces of the ballistic block function as the "attack side" in the sense of the certification of bullet-resistant glazing.

[0016] The ballistic block comprises, in particular, more than five, and in particular more than six, TVG panes, each with a thickness of at least 5 mm and at least 10 mm, which are joined together to form a laminated glass block using ionoplast films, each with a thickness of 0.4 mm to 0.9 mm.

[0017] As an alternative to a monolithic ballistic block, it is also conceivable for the ballistic block to have at least one additional pane connected to the ballistic block via a spacer, forming a gap between the panes. With this design, the ballistic block can be made thinner overall - for example, with just three TVG panes, each with a thickness of at least 5 mm and at least 10 mm. Any splinters that may be released from the outer transparent panes of the ballistic block, which are made of toughened glass, are caught in the gap between the panes, i.e. in the cavity between the ballistic block and the at least one additional pane.

[0018] Based on this problem, the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a bullet-resistant glazing with which dimensions can be realized that are significantly larger than the dimensions currently achievable, while at the same time effectively preventing the release of splinters when the glazing is shot at, and wherein the bullet-resistant glazing also meets the conditions for classification BR1-NS to BR7-NS specified in the standard EN 1063 (status of the standard: date of application).

[0019] According to the invention, this object is achieved by the subject matter of independent patent claim 1, wherein advantageous developments of the ballistic block mentioned in independent patent claim 1 are specified in the subclaims.

[0020] Accordingly, the present invention relates in particular to a ballistic block, in particular for bullet-resistant glazing or as bullet-resistant glazing, wherein the ballistic block has at least two transparent panes which are connected to one another via an intermediate layer, wherein the ballistic block is designed without an energy-absorbing layer or film made of polycarbonate, and wherein the at least two transparent panes and in particular all transparent panes of the ballistic block are each panes made of tempered glass.

[0021] Depending on the embodiment of the ballistic block, the panes of the ballistic block are fully toughened glass panes or panes made of partially toughened glass.

[0022] According to embodiments of the ballistic block, the intermediate layer between the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block is formed at least partially or in regions from an ionoplast polymer. In particular, the intermediate layer between the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block is an SGP film, preferably with a total nominal thickness of no more than 0.9 mm.

[0023] According to embodiments of the ballistic block, the at least two transparent panes are combined with the aid of the intermediate layer to form a statically self-supporting unit such that the ballistic block only needs to be held on one side or at most on two sides when installed.

[0024] Depending on the design of the ballistic block, the ballistic block has a symmetrical, and in particular, a symmetrical and monolithic structure. Therefore, no attack side needs to be specified for certification. The ballistic block is particularly suitable as a freestanding personnel partition, for example, at airports. Here, it is important that the ballistic block has bullet-resistant properties on both sides.

[0025] The use of tempered glass panes, particularly heat-strengthened glass panes, combined with high-strength ionoplast interlayers, achieves the self-supporting properties of bullet-resistant glazing. The glazing thus requires no supporting frame, etc. This is unique, as conventional bullet-resistant glazing is nothing more than frame-supported ballistic filler elements, and the supporting frame must also be designed to be bullet-resistant.

[0026] According to a further aspect, the present invention particularly relates to bullet-resistant glazing with a ballistic block composed of at least two transparent panes connected to one another via an intermediate layer. In addition to the ballistic block, the bullet-resistant glazing has at least one further transparent pane arranged parallel to and spaced from the panes of the ballistic block and connected to the ballistic block via a circumferential spacer such that a cavity is formed between the ballistic block and the at least one further pane.

[0027] According to the invention, it is particularly provided that the bullet-resistant glazing and in particular the ballistic block of the bullet-resistant glazing are designed without an energy-absorbing layer or film made of polycarbonate.

[0028] According to the invention, the ballistic block is designed to be statically self-supporting. This statically self-supporting property of the ballistic block is achieved by the intermediate layer between the transparent panes of the ballistic block being made of a material that is highly strong compared to polycarbonate. In particular, the statically self-supporting property of the ballistic block is achieved by the transparent panes of the ballistic block not being made of float glass, as in the prior art, but of tempered glass. This makes the statically self-supporting property of the ballistic block achievable.

[0029] In construction, the term "statically self-supporting" refers to a structure that assumes a load-bearing function. There is no distinction between components and parts subject to purely bending / torsion or shear loads. Rather, all parts act statically as shells and, as a whole, absorb the applied forces. Furthermore, no frame structures, etc., are necessary to hold the ballistic block or the glass panes of the ballistic block, since the ballistic block itself is statically self-supporting.

[0030] The rigidity required to make the ballistic block, in particular, statically self-supporting can only be achieved by using toughened glass for the glass panes of the ballistic block. It has been shown that a ballistic block constructed of float glass does not exhibit self-supporting properties in the static sense.

[0031] Preferably, the at least one additional transparent pane of the bullet-resistant glazing, and in particular, all additional transparent panes of the bullet-resistant glazing, are also made of tempered glass. This measure ensures that the entire bullet-resistant glazing is structurally self-supporting and offers excellent residual load-bearing capacity in the event of damage.

[0032] The term "tempered glass" used herein generally refers to glass with a flexural strength of at least 70 N / mm². Tempered glass can, for example, be thermally toughened glass. During thermal toughening, the glass is heated homogeneously, i.e., consistently across its cross-section, to a temperature approximately 100 °C above its transformation temperature (approximately 620 °C to 670 °C). The glass pane is then rapidly cooled from the surfaces and placed into a state of residual stress.

[0033] Cooling is typically achieved by blowing air onto the glass. At the beginning of the cooling process, the stress is constant across the entire cross-section. Then the surface begins to cool, contracting in the process. This is prevented by the core, which has not yet cooled down. This creates a brief tensile stress on the surface and a compressive stress in the core. However, the stresses at this point only reach low levels, as they are quickly dissipated by the high viscosity of the hot glass material.

[0034] In the final cooling phase, the glass has approximately the properties of an elastic body. The temperature distribution is parabolic, and the core is warmer than the surface. To reach the final state, the core must therefore cool by a greater amount than the surface. The core thus generates compressive stresses on the surface of the already "solid" glass. Tensile stresses arise in the core itself for reasons of equilibrium. The viscoelastic material behavior of the glass is therefore crucial for the development of residual stresses. This will be illustrated by comparing the material behavior of an elastic body with that of a viscoelastic body when the surfaces cool.

[0035] Float glass is preferably used as the base product, especially for thermal tempering.

[0036] The toughened glass panes are either fully toughened glass panes or partially toughened glass panes (TVG).

[0037] In addition to thermal tempering, chemical tempering is also possible. This involves ion exchange processes on the surface to create a toughened glass. The toughened strength can reach very high values, making chemically toughened glass an attractive option for use in bullet-resistant glazing. In particular, with regard to flexural strength, values ​​in the order of 150 N / mm² can be achieved for chemically toughened glass.

[0038] To increase the residual load-bearing capacity of the bullet-resistant glazing, and in particular of the ballistic block of the bullet-resistant glazing, an SGP film was chosen for the interlayer between the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block. This is an ionoplast film consisting of semi-crystalline thermoplastics. Compared to PVB films, for example, an SGP film as an interlayer has a high degree of rigidity at room temperature. The time- and temperature-dependent shear modes of the SGP interlayer differ significantly from those of PVB. SGP is significantly more shear- and flexurally rigid in the temperature ranges typical for construction. This can be attributed to the higher glass transition temperature of approximately 55°C compared to PVB. In most practical construction applications, the component temperature is below this glass transition temperature.

[0039] The glazing according to the invention, using partially tempered glass, is certified in all relevant bullet resistance classes up to BR7-NS according to EN 1063. This represents a unique feature that can only arise from the special structure of the glazing combination. All previously known bullet-resistant glass is manufactured and certified from non-tempered float glass (window glass). Float glass has advantages in terms of bullet resistance, but significant disadvantages for a resilient, structurally verifiable load-bearing structure, which is feasible with the bullet-resistant glazing according to the invention.

[0040] Another crucial difference to existing bullet-resistant glazing is the passed bullet classification of curved glass according to DIN EN 1063. This is achievable because the glazing according to the invention is constructed from toughened glass panes.

[0041] Thus, the invention particularly also relates to glazing, wherein the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block and / or the at least one further transparent pane are curved glass panes with a predetermined or definable bending radius. The curved glass panes are manufactured industrially using automatic bending machines (so-called tempering furnaces). In particular, the glass panes are not individually formed using the so-called gravity bending process, as this would be relatively complex and, in particular, contradicts the actual idea of ​​the invention, since the invention deliberately works only with tempered glass.

[0042] For fire protection reasons, the SGP film, which is used as an intermediate layer between the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block, preferably has a total nominal thickness of no more than 0.9 mm.

[0043] According to embodiments of the bullet-resistant glazing, it is further provided that the intermediate layer between the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block is formed from a material that is highly strong compared to polycarbonate. Of course, however, this aspect is not to be considered limiting.

[0044] In particular, in the case of bullet-resistant glazing, it is provided that the intermediate layer, via which the at least two transparent panes of the ballistic block are connected to one another, comprises a transparent and in particular polycarbonate-free and / or polymethyl methacrylate-free intermediate layer, which, compared to a polycarbonate material, connects the panes to one another with high strength.

[0045] The advantages achievable with the solution according to the invention are obvious. Because the bullet-resistant glazing comprises a ballistic block and at least one additional transparent pane arranged at a distance from the ballistic block, a bullet-resistant double-shell insulating glazing is created, which provides good thermal insulation due to the air space between the ballistic block on the one hand and the at least one additional transparent pane on the other.

[0046] On the other hand, the selected multi-layer glazing proves to be very effective in terms of its bullet-resistant or bullet-resistant properties. The ballistic block positioned on the firing side essentially prevents bullet penetration, while at least one additional pane positioned at a distance from the ballistic block on the side facing away from the firing side has the task of intercepting any fragments that may be released from the back of the ballistic block during a fire attack.

[0047] Because the ballistic block of the glazing according to the invention comprises a plurality of transparent panes which are connected to one another via an intermediate layer, wherein the ballistic block itself assumes the function of energy absorption, it is possible to dispense with any energy-absorbing films or plates, in particular on a surface of the panes of the ballistic block which is opposite a potential direction of fire.

[0048] Furthermore, this approach allows the panes of the ballistic block to be connected by means of an intermediate layer, so that the ballistic block simultaneously forms a resilient, load-bearing structure, especially for sizes exceeding 15 m². The intermediate layer is particularly transparent and made of a polycarbonate- and / or polymethyl methacrylate-free material.

[0049] This measure eliminates the limited manufacturing size of conventional shatter-resistant films known from the state of the art. In this respect, sizes for bullet-resistant glazing in the range of, for example, 20 m x 3.5 m (or larger) are also conceivable. In particular, an overall bullet-resistant effect without fragmentation can be achieved without the bullet-resistant glazing, and in particular the ballistic block of the bullet-resistant glazing, requiring an energy-absorbing polycarbonate layer or film.

[0050] In this context, it is particularly preferred that the intermediate layer or intermediate layers of the ballistic block are formed at least partially or in regions from an ionoplast polymer or a material with similar material properties, such as high-strength polyvinyl butyral (PVB).

[0051] In this context, a two-component and in particular crystal-clear silicone is particularly suitable as a material for the intermediate layer or layers of the ballistic block. Such a two-component silicone material is particularly advantageous with regard to fire behavior, as it is difficult or impossible to ignite. According to embodiments of this aspect, a reactive and preferably crystal-clear silicone material is used, which reacts above a predetermined critical temperature. Such a silicone material can then be poured or otherwise introduced into a space between two panes of the ballistic block in the cooled state, i.e. in a state below the critical curing temperature.

[0052] Compared to conventional PVB films or PVB sheets or conventional polycarbonate sheets, which are applied as an energy-absorbing structure to an outer surface of the panes, interlayers made of high-strength polyvinyl butyral or a two-component silicone material or an ionoplast interlayer are considerably tougher and stiffer, so that the ballistic block does not become unstable even with a greater weight (i.e. with larger dimensions), but remains statically self-supporting and stable overall.

[0053] Furthermore, it has been shown that a bullet-resistant laminated glass in which a polycarbonate film is used as a ductile, energy-absorbing plastic outer layer can, due to the properties of the polycarbonate layer, develop cracks in the layer depending on temperature, which have a negative impact on the overall appearance and safety of the laminated safety glass.

[0054] By using an intermediate layer made of ionoplast, for example, in the ballistic block of the glazing according to the invention instead of a polycarbonate outer plate, no cracks occur in the ionoplast intermediate layer even in the long term, even with high temperature fluctuations in outdoor use, since it is designed to be significantly stiffer and stronger than polycarbonate.

[0055] In particular, by using a polycarbonate-free ballistic block, and in particular by using an ionoplast interlayer as an energy-absorbing plastic interlayer, glazing dimensions of at least 15 m² and preferably at least 20 m² are achievable. This is primarily due to the fact that the high-strength interlayer allows, on the one hand, the amount of plastic material per unit area to be reduced, which has a positive effect on the fire performance of the glazing, and, on the other hand, the ballistic block is statically self-supporting even with an area exceeding 15 m².

[0056] The assessment of bullet resistance is carried out according to five bullet resistance classes. In the currently highest bullet resistance class, or resistance class BR7, for example, the firing test is carried out with the NATO G3 rifle using 7.62 x 51 full metal jacket / hard core ammunition. This bullet resistance class therefore places the highest demands on bullet resistance.

[0057] According to embodiments of the present invention, the ballistic block has a thickness - viewed in the firing direction - which withstands firing with a 7.62 x 51 mm full metal jacket / hard core cartridge according to DIN EN 1063, wherein the thickness of the ballistic block is formed in particular by a corresponding number of transparent discs, which are each connected to one another via an intermediate layer, and / or by corresponding thicknesses of the transparent discs of the ballistic block.

[0058] In order to further optimize the thermal insulation of the bullet-resistant glazing, it can be provided according to embodiments that the cavity between the ballistic block on the one hand and the at least one further transparent pane on the other hand is hermetically closed and filled with a gas with a low heat transfer coefficient, such as argon and / or krypton.

[0059] In contrast to the composite ballistic block, it is not necessary to provide the at least one additional transparent pane spaced apart from the ballistic block with a high-strength interlayer—provided laminated glass is used again. Instead, a laminated glass pane is preferably used as the at least one additional pane. This consists of several individual panes bonded together by an elastic, tear-resistant ionoplast film. An SGP film, for example, is used as the ionoplast film.

[0060] A gap is provided between the ballistic block on the one hand and the at least one additional transparent pane on the other, in which any fragments generated during a fire attack are collected. The gap also serves to allow the glazing to flex to a limited extent. A distance of 8 mm to 24 mm, preferably 12 mm to 16 mm, between the ballistic block and the at least one additional pane has proven advantageous.

[0061] Values ​​between 13 mm and 60 mm for the thickness of the ballistic block, and values ​​between 9 mm and 21 mm for the thickness of at least one additional pane, have proven advantageous. Both the highest possible protection and the weight of the entire glazing play a role here.

[0062] In embodiments of the double-shell glazing according to the invention, this has a total thickness of approximately 60 mm, wherein the ballistic block arranged on the firing side has a total thickness of 30 to 40 mm and a total interlayer thickness of 3 to 5 mm.

[0063] The air gap between the ballistic block on the one hand and the at least one further transparent pane is preferably 12 to 16 mm, with the at least one further pane facing away from the firing side, in particular a laminated glass pane, having a thickness of 9 to 21 mm. This at least one further pane can, for example, consist of a thin silicate glass pane facing the air gap and a thermally tempered silicate glass pane facing the outside.

[0064] This laminated glass pane is constructed in such a way that the outer, thermally toughened glass pane with high flexural strength can withstand the bending stresses caused by the deflection of the destroyed front laminated glass pane, designed as a ballistic block, and the flexural stresses exerted on it by the ejected fragments without breaking. The thin, standard glass pane facing the air space protects it from damage to its surface caused by the fragments and / or contact with the bulging front panes of the ballistic block. This ensures that the surface of this tempered glass pane remains undamaged, thus fully exploiting the high flexural strength of the thermally toughened glass pane.

[0065] According to a further aspect of the present invention, the thickness and / or the material of the at least one intermediate layer of the ballistic block and / or of the at least one further transparent pane designed as laminated glass is selected such that the calorific value of the material is less than 55 MJ / kg, and preferably less than 50 MJ / kg and even more preferably less than 45 MJ / kg.

[0066] In this way, the fire protection classification of the glazing can be improved. It is recommended that the mass distribution of the interlayer of the ballistic block and / or of the at least one additional transparent pane constructed as laminated glass be between 0.02 g / m² and 0.10 g / m², preferably between 0.05 g / m² and 0.08 g / m², and in particular 0.07 g / m².

[0067] Exemplary embodiments of the bullet-resistant glazing according to the invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0068] They show: FIG. 1 schematically shows, in a cross-sectional view, a section of an edge region of an exemplary embodiment of the glazing according to the invention; FIG. 2 schematically shows, in a cross-sectional view, another embodiment of the bullet-resistant glazing according to the invention; and FIG. 3 schematically shows, in a cross-sectional view, another embodiment of the bullet-resistant glazing according to the invention.

[0069] Bullet-resistant glazing 100% without splinter release, according to classes BR1-NS to BR7-NS according to the EN 1063 standard, is based, according to the current state of the art, primarily on the approach of retaining the splinters by applying tough layers to the inside of the glazing 100%. These applied layers are typically made of either polycarbonate or a tear-resistant, clear shatter-resistant film.

[0070] These layers, which are always located on the innermost side due to their function, have the disadvantage that they lack the scratch resistance comparable to glass surfaces. Placing the shatter protection in the cavity between the panes for this reason currently does not allow for the application of suitable solar control coatings, which are often necessary to meet the required structural properties of glazing.

[0071] In addition, the currently available shatter-resistant films or polycarbonate sheets are limited in their production size. For insulating glass units with certain sizes or corresponding structural requirements, the use of TPU composite films required for lamination of polycarbonate to glass is no longer sufficient for load transfer. Furthermore, the fire protection rating of 100 for this type of glazing is very unfavorable due to the large combustible mass of polycarbonate.

[0072] These and other disadvantages are eliminated by the glazing 100 according to the invention, which, in particular, provides for the glass and projectile fragments emitted by the exterior, unclassified bulletproof glass pane during a fire attack to be captured in the form of a ballistic block in the space between the panes of the bullet-resistant glazing 100. The space between the panes is used as a buffer for the pressure wave and the fragments. As a result, the entire glazing 100, designed as an insulating glass unit, ultimately achieves the required classification.

[0073] In detail, the FIG. 1 In the schematically illustrated embodiment of the glazing 100 according to the invention, this is designed with an external bulletproof glass pane as a ballistic block 10. The ballistic block 10 has at least two and - as shown in FIG. 1 indicated - for example four transparent panes 11, 12, 13, 14, which are each connected to one another via an intermediate layer 19.

[0074] Parallel to the panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 and spaced therefrom by a circumferential spacer 21, a laminated glass pane 15 with a total of two (further) transparent panes 15, 16 is provided, which is connected to the ballistic block 10 via the spacer 21 in such a way that a cavity 20 is formed between the ballistic block 10 on the one hand and the laminated glass pane 15 on the other hand.

[0075] Accordingly, the bullet-resistant glazing 100 consists of the ballistic block 10 facing the firing side, which is designed as a laminated glass pane overall, and at least one further transparent pane 15, 16 facing away from the firing side, which here is also designed as a laminated glass pane 15.

[0076] This at least one further transparent pane 15, 16, designed as a laminated glass pane 15, is combined with the ballistic block 10 and the interposition of an air gap 20 to form a double-shell insulating glazing unit. The ballistic block 10 and the at least one further transparent pane 15, 16 are bonded to the spacer frame or spacer 21 via adhesive layers. The cove formed by the edge regions of the ballistic block 10 and the at least one further transparent pane 15, 16, as well as the spacer 21 / spacer frame, is formed with a sealing compound.

[0077] The ballistic block 10, designed as a laminated glass pane, has FIG. 1 The exemplary embodiment shown comprises a total of four glass panes 11, 12, 13, 14, which are each, for example, silicate glass panes that are connected to one another by means of intermediate layers 19 made of an ionoplast polymer.

[0078] The glazing according to the invention is characterized in particular by the fact that the panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 are each made of tempered glass. Preferably, the additional transparent panes 16, 17 are also each made of tempered glass. The transparent panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 and the additional transparent panes 16, 17 are combined to form a statically self-supporting unit such that the glazing 100 only needs to be supported on two sides when installed.

[0079] The glass panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 constructed as a laminated glass pane can each have the same thickness; however, it would also be conceivable to make the outer glass panes 11, 14 of the ballistic block 10 constructed as a laminated glass pane significantly thinner than the middle glass panes 12, 13. In these embodiments, the thicknesses of the glass panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 constructed as a laminated glass pane are, for example, approximately 8 to 15 mm.

[0080] The air gap 20 between the ballistic block 10 and the at least one further laminated glass pane 15 is preferably at least about 12 mm.

[0081] The at least one further laminated glass pane 15 comprises the glass pane facing the air gap 20, which can be designed, for example, as a silicate glass pane with a thickness of, for example, approximately 3 mm. This glass pane 17 facing the air gap is connected to an outer glass pane 16 made of thermally tempered silicate glass via an intermediate layer 22, in particular a polyvinyl butyral intermediate layer with a thickness of, for example, 1.5 mm. This outer glass pane 16 of the at least one further laminated glass pane 15 can have the same thickness as the inner glass pane 16.

[0082] However, it is also conceivable to choose a greater thickness for the outer glass pane 16, for example a thickness of 6 mm, so that a bending strength of at least 500 kg / cm 2< can be achieved.

[0083] The glazing 100 according to the invention has a bullet-resistant effect corresponding to resistance class BR37-NS, whereby no splinters are emitted on the side facing away from the bullet.

[0084] To manufacture the bullet-resistant glazing 100, no classified bullet-resistant outer pane is required, which significantly reduces the overall glass thickness and thus the weight and cost of the entire glazing 100.

[0085] This new application also eliminates the previous size restrictions imposed by, for example, the availability of polycarbonate sheets for bulletproof glass. Theoretically, this now also allows for sizes of at least 20 m x 3.5 m.

[0086] Furthermore, the glass surfaces can be cleaned just like any other glass surface. In particular, there's no need to worry about scratching polycarbonate or the shatter-proof film.

[0087] Furthermore, the application of sun protection and heat protection coatings to any surface in the cavity 20 of the glazing 100 is easily possible.

[0088] By using high-strength, permanently load-bearing composite films, such as ionoplasts, in the outer ballistic block, these panes can withstand even higher static loads. The main advantage is that the ballistic block also serves as the statically resilient outer pane of the insulating glass assembly. This is particularly relevant when using insulating glass that is subject to correspondingly high loads (e.g., hurricane loads) or is simply oversized. The inner laminated pane thus only has the task of creating an insulated space between the panes and absorbing the fragments.

[0089] None of this is possible when using polycarbonate sheets or shatterproof films for shatter protection. This is because, during a lamination process with corresponding composite films, such as TPU film (thermoplastic polyurethane), high-strength films cannot be bonded simultaneously in the same package. These high-strength films, such as ionoplast films, require a separate program with higher temperatures, for example, which would cause the TPU film to overheat and become unusable.

[0090] Ultimately, there is no deterioration in the fire protection classification by using standard laminated safety glass units.

[0091] FIG. 2 und FIG. 3 each show schematically and in a cross-sectional view further embodiments of the bulletproof glazing 100 according to the invention. In FIG. 2 the glazing 100 according to the invention is designed with an external bullet-proof glass pane as a ballistic block 10, wherein the ballistic block 10 here has a total of four transparent panes 11, 12, 13 and 14, which are each connected to one another via an intermediate layer 19.

[0092] Parallel to the panes 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the ballistic block 10 and spaced therefrom by a circumferential spacer 21, a laminated glass pane 15 with a total of two (further) transparent panes 15, 16 is provided, which are connected to the ballistic block 10 via the spacer 21 in such a way that a cavity 20 is formed between the ballistic block 10 on the one hand and the laminated glass pane 15 on the other hand.

[0093] At the FIG. 2 The glazing 100 shown schematically is provided in particular with a convex curvature towards the outside.

[0094] On the other hand, the FIG. 3 In the schematically illustrated embodiment, the glazing 100 shown there is concave with respect to the outside. Otherwise, the FIG. 3 shown embodiment of the glazing 100 according to the invention of the FIG. 2 shown embodiment.

[0095] The curved design of the glazing is possible due to the special structure of the glazing.

[0096] Aspects of the present disclosure are summarized below: 1. Ballistic block 10, in particular for bullet-resistant glazing 100 or as bullet-resistant glazing 100, wherein the ballistic block 10 has at least two transparent panes 11, 12, 13, 14 that are connected to one another via an intermediate layer 19, wherein the ballistic block 10 is designed without an energy-absorbing layer or film made of polycarbonate, and wherein the at least two transparent panes 11, 12, 13, 14 and in particular all transparent panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 are each panes made of tempered glass. 2. Ballistic block 10 according to aspect 1, wherein the panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 are fully tempered glass panes or panes made of partially tempered glass. 3. Ballistic block 10 according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein the intermediate layer 19 is arranged between the at least two transparent panes 11, 12, 13,14 of the ballistic block 10 is formed at least partially or in regions from an ionoplast polymer. 4. Ballistic block 10 according to aspect 4, wherein the intermediate layer 19 between the at least two transparent panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 is an SGP film, preferably with a total nominal thickness of a maximum of 0.9 mm. 5. Ballistic block 10 according to one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the at least two transparent panes 11, 12, 13, 14 are combined with the aid of the intermediate layer 19 to form a statically self-supporting unit such that the ballistic block 10 only needs to be held on one side or at most two sides when installed. 6. Ballistic block 10 according to one of aspects 1 to 6,wherein the ballistic block 10 forms the bullet-resistant glazing 100 without a further transparent pane, and in particular without a further transparent pane arranged at a distance from the ballistic block 10. 7. Ballistic block 10 according to one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the ballistic block has a symmetrical and in particular a symmetrical and monolithic structure. 8. Bullet-resistant glazing 100 with a ballistic block 10 according to one of aspects 1 to 5 or 7 and with at least one further transparent pane 16, 17 arranged parallel to the panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 and spaced therefrom and connected to the ballistic block 10 via a circumferential spacer 21 such that a cavity 20 is formed between the ballistic block 10 and the at least one further pane 16, 17.wherein the bullet-resistant glazing 100, and in particular the ballistic block 10 of the bullet-resistant glazing 100, is designed without an energy-absorbing layer or film made of polycarbonate. 9. Glazing 100 according to aspect 8, wherein the at least two transparent panes 11, 12, 13, 14 and the at least one further transparent pane 16, 17 are combined to form a statically self-supporting unit such that the glazing 100 only needs to be held on one side or at most two sides when installed. 10. Glazing 100 according to aspect 8 or 9, wherein the glazing 100 has an uninterrupted or monolithic transparent area of ​​at least 15 m² and preferably at least 20 m². 11. Glazing 100 according to one of aspects 8 to 10, wherein the at least two transparent panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10 and / or the at least one further transparent pane 16,17 as curved glass panes with a predetermined or definable bending radius. 12. Glazing 100 according to one of aspects 8 to 11, wherein - viewed in the firing direction R - the ballistic block 10 has a thickness which withstands firing with a 7.62 x 51 mm full metal jacket / hard core cartridge according to DIN 1063, wherein the thickness of the ballistic block 10 is formed in particular by a corresponding number of transparent panes 11, 12, 13, 14, which are each connected to one another via an intermediate layer 19, and / or by corresponding thicknesses of the transparent panes 11, 12, 13, 14 of the ballistic block 10. 13. Glazing 100 according to one of aspects 8 to 12, wherein the glazing 100 has a laminated glass as at least one further transparent pane 16, 17, wherein the laminated glass has at least two transparent panes 16, 17, which are connected to one another via an intermediate layer 22,the intermediate layer 22 is in particular an ionoplast film; and / or wherein the distance between the ballistic block 10 and the at least one further transparent pane 16, 17 is between 10 mm and 40 mm, preferably between 15 mm and 35 mm, and more preferably between 20 mm and 30 mm; and / or wherein at least one pane 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 of the glazing 100 is provided with a coating 25, 26, in particular a sun protection coating 25; and / or wherein a coating, in particular a sun protection coating 25, is provided on the surface of the panes 14 of the ballistic block 10 facing in the direction of the cavity 20 and directly adjacent to the cavity 20; and / or wherein on the surface of the panes 17 of the at least one further pane 16, 17 directly adjacent to the cavity 20, a coating, in particular a heat protection layer 26,is provided; and / or wherein the at least one intermediate layer 19, 22 of the ballistic block 10 and / or of the at least one further transparent pane 16, 17 designed as laminated glass consists of a material with a calorific value of less than 55 MJ / kg, preferably less than 50 MJ / kg, and more preferably less than 45 MJ / kg. 14. System with a glazing 100 according to any one of aspects 8 to 13 and a holding structure for holding the glazing 100 to a building part, wherein the holding structure is designed to hold the glazing 100 only on one side or at most two sides. 15. System according to aspect 14, wherein the glazing 100 is curved.

Claims

1. Ballistic block (10) for bullet-resistant glazing (100) of a facade or wall construction or for a bullet-resistant personnel partition wall, wherein the ballistic block (10) has at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) which are connected to one another via an intermediate layer (19), wherein the ballistic block (10) is designed without an energy-absorbing layer or film made of polycarbonate, and wherein the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) and in particular all transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) are each panes made of partially tempered glass.

2. Ballistic block (10) according to claim 1, wherein the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) and in particular all transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) are each panes of thermally partially tempered glass.

3. Ballistic block (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) and in particular all transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) are each made of glass, the bending strength of which is at least 70 N / mm 2 amounts.

4. Ballistic block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the intermediate layer (19) between the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) is formed at least partially or regionally from an ionoplast polymer, from high-strength polyvinyl butyral or from a two-component silicone material.

5. Ballistic block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the intermediate layer (19) between the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) has a total nominal thickness of at most 0.9 mm.

6. Ballistic block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the intermediate layer (19) between the at least two transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) has a total nominal thickness of at most 0.9 mm.

7. Ballistic block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the ballistic block (10) has a total interlayer thickness of 3 mm to 5 mm.

8. Ballistic block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the ballistic block (10) has a thickness of 13 mm to 60 mm and preferably a thickness of 30 mm to 40 mm.

9. Ballistic block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the ballistic block (10) has a total of three or four transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14), which are each connected to one another via an intermediate layer (19), in particular made of an ionoplast polymer.

10. Ballistic block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the ballistic block (10) has a symmetrical and in particular a symmetrical and monolithic structure.

11. Ballistic block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the transparent panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) are curved glass panes with a predetermined or definable bending radius.

12. Bullet-resistant glazing (100) for a facade or wall construction with a ballistic block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11.

13. Bullet-resistant glazing (100) according to claim 12, wherein the bullet-resistant glazing (100) has at least one further transparent pane (16, 17) which is arranged parallel to the panes (11, 12, 13, 14) of the ballistic block (10) and at a distance therefrom and is connected to the ballistic block (10) via a circumferential spacer (21) in such a way that a cavity (20) is formed between the ballistic block (10) and the at least one further pane (16, 17), wherein the bullet-resistant glazing (100) is designed without an energy-absorbing layer or film made of polycarbonate.

14. Bullet-resistant glazing (100) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the glazing (100) has a continuous or monolithic transparent area of ​​at least 15 m 2 and preferably at least 20 m 2 has.

15. Bullet-resistant personnel partition wall with a ballistic block (10) according to one of claims 1 to 11.

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