Method for producing l-shaped concrete blocks, concrete blanks for their production and l-shaped concrete blocks produced by this method

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for producing concrete blocks (1) with a substantially L-shaped cross-section and with at least one surface (20) that is at least partially rough-hewn. In the method, a concrete blank (1.R) in a raw format is first produced in a partial step (V1) using a provided basic formwork (30), whereby concrete material is poured into the basic formwork (30) and subsequently hardened. In a separation step (V2), at least one concrete block (1) with an L-shaped cross-section is separated from the hardened concrete blank (1.R) by mechanical separation using a provided separation device (31), whereby the mechanical separation directly produces the surface (20) of the at least one concrete block (1) that is at least partially rough-hewn.

Description

Technical area

[0001] The invention relates to a method for producing concrete blocks for a limiting block bond, in particular L-shaped concrete blocks, which are specifically designed for creating a limiting block bond. State of the art

[0002] Concrete blocks with an essentially L-shaped geometry are known from the prior art and are usually referred to as L-blocks or angle blocks. These concrete blocks, conventionally called L-blocks or angle blocks, are generally unreinforced precast elements. Reinforced L-shaped concrete blocks are also known, for which the term "wall panel" is sometimes used.

[0003] The L-shaped concrete blocks of the type mentioned are concrete blocks, specifically precast concrete elements or components, which are usually manufactured on an industrial scale in a concrete plant and can be assembled in their delivered state to form an angled wall, for example, a retaining wall. These L-shaped blocks are primarily used in road construction, landscaping, and gardening, for example, for retaining slopes and supporting minor changes in elevation or terrain.

[0004] The aforementioned retaining walls and boundary walls are also important design elements in landscaping and garden design, with an increasing demand for these walls to have a natural appearance. Due in no small part to their idyllic and rustic look, retaining walls and boundary walls with a natural-looking quarry stone appearance are frequently requested.

[0005] With the increased demand for natural stone-like retaining and boundary walls in landscaping, road and garden construction, the need for L-shaped blocks is also increasing, which in particular fulfill certain optical or design properties and meet the desired requirements with regard to an attractive appearance.

[0006] The disadvantage of conventional processes for manufacturing L-shaped concrete blocks of the type mentioned above is that they typically do not allow for the production of L-shaped concrete blocks with a natural appearance that could meet the desired design requirements of a broken stone look. Therefore, there is a need for L-shaped blocks suitable for landscaping and garden design, as well as for their manufacturing processes. Description of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for producing concrete blocks that allows the manufacture of L-shaped concrete blocks with a natural-looking appearance. This object is achieved according to the invention by the method according to independent claim 1. Further advantageous aspects, details, and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings.

[0008] The present invention provides a method for producing concrete blocks with a substantially L-shaped cross-section and at least one surface that is at least partially rough-hewn. In the first step of the method, a concrete blank in a raw format is produced using a provided basic formwork. For this purpose, concrete material is poured into the basic formwork and hardened. In a subsequent separation step, at least one concrete block with an L-shaped cross-section is separated from the hardened concrete blank by mechanical separation using a provided separation device. The mechanical separation particularly advantageously produces the rough-hewn surface of the at least one concrete block directly.

[0009] The present process can be understood as a multi-stage manufacturing process, whereby the step of producing the concrete blank represents an initial stage of the process and can also be referred to as the initial or first process step, the blank production step, or the forming and curing step. The separation step constitutes a further process step that serves to complete, in particular to finish, the concrete block.

[0010] In this context, a "concrete block with an essentially L-shaped cross-section" refers to a concrete block, specifically a precast concrete element or precast concrete block, that has an essentially L-shaped geometry and can also be referred to as an L-block or angle block. Several such concrete blocks with an L-shaped cross-section can be assembled to form an angle wall, for example, an angle retaining wall, particularly in a bonded configuration, i.e., arranged side by side with the same orientation, thus forming a bounding block structure. These blocks can be used, in particular, for retaining slopes and supporting minor changes in elevation or terrain.

[0011] When installed, such L-shaped concrete blocks of this type form one leg of the L, namely the first leg section of the concrete block, as a vertically extending wall section. The other leg, namely the second leg section of the concrete block, forms a base section with a bearing surface on which the concrete block rests on the subsoil. The space between the wall section and the base section, that is, the area or interior of the concrete block located within the L-shape, is backfilled with a suitable material, such as gravel, crushed stone, or soil. At least to the height of the base section, the concrete block is also embedded in the subsoil on the side opposite the backfill; that is, when installed, the concrete block is only visible in its upper section and only on the side facing away from the backfill.This side of the wall section, facing away from the backfill, can also be understood as the back or rear surface or visible side of the concrete block.

[0012] The present method according to the invention can be used to manufacture a concrete block in which at least one surface or side of the concrete block visible in the installed state is at least partially designed as a rough-hewn stone surface. Particularly advantageously, the present method can thus be used to produce an L-shaped block or corner block with a broken stone appearance, which has a particularly attractive, natural look and is therefore especially suitable, for example, for landscaping and / or garden design, for creating boundary or retaining walls or retaining walls with a natural broken stone appearance.

[0013] The inventive method offers the particular advantage of a cost-effective and simple machine-based production of L-shaped concrete blocks with a broken stone appearance, whereby the production process can be advantageously fully automated and entirely machine-based. The present method thus enables the simple and cost-effective production of L-shaped blocks that have a natural broken stone appearance while simultaneously exhibiting the advantageous properties and benefits of a concrete block. The method is particularly preferably carried out on a paving stone machine.

[0014] In particular, the present process can therefore also be understood as a fully automated, machine-based method for replicating natural, L-shaped broken stones. The process makes it possible, in particular, to produce a wide variety of L-shaped concrete blocks from the versatile material concrete. This offers particular advantages, including the ability to create L-shaped concrete blocks with a rough, fractured surface, which can be customized in size and / or adapted to specific requirements depending on the application.

[0015] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the process, the concrete block is separated from the concrete blank in such a way that the resulting rough-hewn stone surface forms a back surface of the finished concrete block.

[0016] In particular, the present method produces the rough-hewn side of the concrete block that faces the backfill during installation and thus forms the visible side of the wall or perimeter wall. Especially in preferred embodiments, where the entire back surface of the finished concrete block is formed as a rough-hewn side during the cutting step, the advantages arise that L-shaped concrete blocks can be produced in a single cutting operation to separate the concrete blocks from the respective concrete blanks, forming a perimeter wall that appears entirely rough-hewn when installed.

[0017] Preferably, the concrete blank is manufactured in its raw format with a shape and size such that, in the cutting step, a single concrete block is separated from the manufactured concrete blank by cutting, leaving behind a removed excess or offcut. In these preferred embodiments, the concrete blank has, in particular, a substantially L-shaped cross-section.

[0018] The separation in the cutting step takes place particularly along a separation edge. In the embodiments where an essentially L-shaped concrete blank is produced, this separation edge preferably runs between an excess section to be cut off as oversize or offcut residue and a concrete block section of the concrete blank that defines the concrete block.

[0019] The aforementioned separation edge is to be understood in this case primarily as a merely imaginary plane in the concrete blank, which specifies or defines the location and orientation of the separation, namely the separation point or separation line, and along which the rough-hewn stone side extends after the separation in the separation step.

[0020] Alternatively, and equally preferably, the concrete blank is manufactured in its raw format with a shape and size such that, in the cutting step, several, preferably two, concrete blocks are separated from the manufactured concrete blank by cutting. In these preferred embodiments, the concrete blank is manufactured with a substantially T-shaped or a substantially Z-shaped cross-section.

[0021] In the production variants where essentially Z- or T-shaped concrete blanks are produced, two L-shaped concrete blocks can be separated from the T- or Z-shaped concrete blank during the cutting step. Within the concrete blank, two concrete block sections, each defining a concrete block, are joined together. These concrete block sections are oriented in such a way that the two concrete blocks to be separated are virtually in contact along the cutting edge with their respective back surfaces, thus being connected "back to back".

[0022] In these design variants, two concrete blocks with a rough-hewn side can be produced by a single separation process when cutting the concrete blank, with particular advantages arising from the fact that the waste can be kept very low and, in particular, the L-shaped concrete blocks with a rough-hewn side can be finished without waste pieces.

[0023] In the preferred alternative embodiment, in which a T-shaped concrete blank is manufactured, the two concrete block sections or the two concrete blocks to be cut out are oriented mirror-symmetrically to each other with respect to the dividing edge, that is, both L-shaped concrete blocks "contained" in the concrete blank have the same orientation with respect to their vertical orientation and the bearing surfaces of the foot parts of the L-shaped concrete blocks together define the underside of the blank.

[0024] In the alternative and equally preferred embodiment, in which a Z-shaped concrete blank is manufactured, the two concrete block sections, or the two L-shaped concrete blocks "contained" in the concrete blank and to be cut out, are oriented oppositely to each other with respect to their vertical orientation. In this embodiment, the bearing surface of one of the L-shaped concrete blocks and the top surface of the other L-shaped concrete block together form the underside or the top surface of the blank, respectively.

[0025] In this process, preferably, outer surfaces of the manufactured concrete blank, namely those surfaces of the concrete blank that are already produced as outer surfaces or exterior surfaces of the concrete blank in the partial step of its production, are not further processed or subsequently treated for the final completion of the concrete block, that is, the outer surfaces of the concrete blank thus remain untreated and are retained, for example, as the remaining circumferential surfaces of the finished concrete block, namely in addition to the rough-hewn stone side produced by cutting.

[0026] Starting with the manufactured concrete blank, the L-shaped concrete blocks can be completed in a single cutting step, thus simplifying production. Furthermore, with the exception of the rough-hewn side of the block, the surface finish of the finished L-shaped concrete block can be determined and shaped during the forming of the concrete blank in the basic formwork, eliminating the need for further processing steps after hardening.

[0027] Preferably, a groove-like recess, in particular a V-shaped recess, is created on the upper surface of the concrete blank during its production. This groove-like recess extends along a parting line and is specifically configured for the precise engagement of a cutting tool of the cutting device.

[0028] Particularly preferably, a groove-like recess, especially a V-shaped recess, is produced on the underside of the concrete blank during its manufacture. Alternatively or additively, according to particularly preferred process variants, a groove-like recess, especially a V-shaped recess, extending from the top to the underside of the blank, is produced on at least one side surface of the blank. Depending on the cutting device or the cutting tools used, the V-shaped recesses on the underside and / or side surface of the blank—like the V-shaped recess on the top surface—can also serve as an engagement aid for the precise positioning of the cutting tool.

[0029] Preferably, the groove-like depressions on the top and / or bottom surface of the concrete block are produced as depressions extending across the entire width of the block. Alternatively or additionally, the respective groove-like depression on at least one side surface of the block is produced as a depression extending across the entire height of the block. The respective depressions are designed and arranged, that is, formed into the concrete block, in such a way that a central axis extending longitudinally through each depression lies in a plane of the rough-faced stone surface to be produced or is oriented parallel to the plane of the rough-faced stone surface. The depressions form chamfers on the finished concrete block, particularly after the concrete block has been cut.

[0030] Particularly preferably, the separation step includes splitting or breaking, wherein the rough-hewn stone side is produced by splitting or breaking and the at least one concrete block is split or broken from the concrete blank.

[0031] Splitting or breaking, which can also be referred to as splitting, is preferably carried out using a splitting machine, which can also be called a splitter or splitter, and in particular using at least one movable splitting knife, especially a knife beam. For example, an upper and / or lower splitting knife can be used. The splitting machine can be designed for a so-called Y-split or X-split, so that the splitting is carried out as a Y-split or X-split, although other splitting methods can also be used.

[0032] According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the present method, at least one protrusion is formed on a first side surface of the concrete blank during its production. At least one section of the first side surface of the concrete blank, having this protrusion, forms a first L-shaped side surface of the finished concrete block after the concrete blank is cut, and the protrusion acts as a spacer for the finished concrete block. This spacer serves both as a transport protection measure during palletizing, storage, and transport of the concrete blocks and as a spacer during use or installation, namely when setting or laying the concrete blocks. The protrusions formed on the first side surface of the concrete blank can, for example, be designed as disclosed in DE 20 2023 102 175 U1.

[0033] The concrete block produced using this method is already equipped with the raised section forming the spacer during its manufacture, thus providing integrated spacing and transport protection. In particular, this effectively protects the edges of the concrete blocks against mechanical damage such as chipping, breakage, or the like. Thanks to this integrated spacer, the need for additional, transport-ready spacers is largely eliminated when assembling transportable units. This significantly reduces the need for packaging materials such as strips, parts, or elements made of wood or polystyrene.

[0034] Preferably, during the production of the concrete blank, a profile is created at least partially on the underside and / or top surface of the blank, wherein the profile is created in an area of ​​the underside and / or top surface of the blank that, after the concrete blank has been cut, defines the underside of the finished and separated concrete blocks and forms a bearing surface for the concrete blocks intended for placement on a substrate. The profile can be formed, in particular, by a multitude of depressions and / or projecting ridges.

[0035] The profiling ensures effective slip and / or displacement protection for the finished concrete block, both in its operational state and when installed. Simultaneously, the protruding ridges in the profiling can also serve as spacers during the assembly of transport units, providing transport protection and securing.

[0036] The recesses and / or projecting ridges of the profile can particularly preferably be designed as trapezoidal or truncated pyramidal recesses and / or trapezoidal or truncated pyramidal projections, which are, for example, arranged in a matrix-like pattern. Alternatively, elongated or long projections can be provided, which extend lengthwise essentially parallel to the width of the concrete block across the underside, preferably continuously across the entire width.

[0037] Furthermore, according to particularly preferred embodiments, at least one rib- or web-like projection can be formed on the front surface of the foot section located at the free leg end and / or on the upper surface of the foot section opposite the bearing surface. This projection can, for example, be designed as an elongated projection with a substantially trapezoidal cross-section. Advantageously, such a projection also serves as a spacer, providing transport securing or protection. The finished concrete blocks can thus be arranged into a transport unit lying flat, i.e., on their sides, with a secure distance between them. In this way, additional packaging material inserted between the concrete blocks can be dispensed with, and despite the absence of packaging material, the directly adjacent concrete blocks can be kept at a secure distance from one another.

[0038] The concrete block is preferably produced using a concrete block machine, in particular a paving stone machine. For the purposes of this process, a concrete block machine or paving stone machine is to be understood as a concrete block or stone production machine, which is in particular part of a concrete block or stone production plant that allows the fully automated production of concrete blocks. It is understood that the concrete block machine used for the present process is connected to a machine or plant control system and that the process is thus carried out within the concrete block machine under the control of the machine or plant control system. Particularly preferably, the cutting device provided for the cutting step of separating the concrete block is also in communication with the concrete block machine, wherein the concrete block machine and the cutting device are coupled by means of a control system.

[0039] Preferably, the cutting device, like the concrete block machine, is an integral part of the concrete block or stone production plant. The cutting device, in particular the splitting machine, can be integrated into the concrete block or stone production plant either "inline" or "offline." Dosing and mixing devices can be provided upstream of the concrete block machine in the concrete block production plant. Preferably, automated or fully automated integrated curing systems for the formed concrete blanks are provided downstream of the concrete block machine.

[0040] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, standard or normal concrete is used as the concrete material for manufacturing the concrete blank. In addition to concrete, the concrete material used for producing the concrete blank can include at least one aggregate, for example, a color additive and / or a finishing additive, in particular natural stone chippings. By using color additives and / or finishing additives, the appearance of the L-shaped concrete block can be advantageously varied in many ways and selected according to the application. In particular, the present method allows the production of L-shaped concrete blocks with a natural stone look through the use of color additives and / or finishing additives, in which the rough-hewn stone surface created by the method is particularly advantageously showcased. It is also advantageous to produce an L-shaped concrete block with a remarkably natural-looking natural stone appearance.

[0041] According to preferred embodiments of the present method, reinforcement, in particular steel reinforcement, is molded into the concrete material during the production of the concrete blank, and the concrete blank is produced as a reinforced concrete blank. The molding of the reinforcement can also be understood as embedding or embedding the reinforcement in the concrete material of the concrete blank. The reinforcement is molded into the concrete blank in such a way that it is arranged at a predetermined distance from the rough, fractured surface of the block to be produced by cutting in the separation step, i.e., at a predetermined distance from the separation edge. Advantageously, reinforced L-shaped concrete blocks, in particular wall panels, are produced from the reinforced concrete blank, which are especially suitable for retaining walls.Due to the intended embedding of the reinforcement at the specified distance to the separation edge, it is ensured that the reinforcement does not become visible even after the concrete blank has been cut and, in particular, is completely covered by concrete material on the rough-hewn side of the finished concrete blocks.

[0042] The present invention also provides a concrete blank for producing at least one substantially L-shaped concrete block with at least one partially rough-faced side. The concrete blank has a raw format with a shape and size such that at least one substantially L-shaped concrete block can be separated from the concrete blank by mechanical cutting, thereby producing the rough-faced side of the L-shaped concrete block. The concrete blank has at least one first concrete block section which, after cutting, forms the at least one L-shaped concrete block. Adjoining the first concrete block section along a cutting edge of the concrete blank is an excess section, which can be removed as excess material or offcuts during the cutting process.Alternatively, a second concrete block section can be attached to the first concrete block section along the separating edge of the concrete blank, which also forms an L-shaped concrete block after separation.

[0043] Preferably, the concrete blank is designed for the removal of a single L-shaped concrete block and has a substantially L-shaped cross-section for this purpose. Alternatively, and equally preferably, the concrete blank is designed for the removal of two L-shaped concrete blocks and has a substantially T-shaped or a substantially Z-shaped cross-section for this purpose.

[0044] The present invention further provides a concrete block with a substantially L-shaped cross-section. The concrete block comprises at least a first leg section and a second leg section adjoining it, the first leg section forming a wall section and the second leg section a base section. The concrete block has, on its underside at the base section, a bearing surface suitable for resting on a substrate and a rear surface of the wall section adjoining the bearing surface at right angles. The concrete block is particularly characterized in that it is manufactured according to a method as described above, wherein the rear surface of the concrete block is formed, at least in sections, as a rough-hewn stone surface produced by mechanical cutting.

[0045] Preferably, the concrete block has at least a first and a second, opposing and each substantially L-shaped side surface, wherein at least one raised section forming a spacer is formed on the first L-shaped side surface.

[0046] Further developments, advantages and application possibilities of the invention also arise from the following description of exemplary embodiments and from the

[0047] Figures. All described and / or illustrated features, whether individually or in any combination, are fundamentally the subject of the invention, irrespective of their summary in the claims or their cross-reference. Brief description of the drawings

[0048] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. The drawings show... Fig. 1A roughly schematic representation of a perspective view of an embodiment of a concrete block according to the present invention; Fig. 2 - 4 in a simplified schematic representation in respective side views various embodiments of the concrete block according to the present invention; Fig. 5a The process of the present method for manufacturing concrete blocks according to a preferred embodiment of the method is roughly outlined schematically; Fig. 5b The following is a rough schematic outline of the process of the present method for manufacturing concrete blocks according to an alternative preferred embodiment of the method and Figs. 6 - 10 Each in a highly simplified schematic representation, side views of different embodiments of a concrete blank. Ways to implement the invention

[0049] The Figures 1 to 4Each figure shows exemplary embodiments of a concrete block 1 according to the present invention, wherein the concrete block 1 is in Figure 1 in a perspective view and in the Figures 2 to 4 shown in a respective side view.

[0050] The concrete block 1, which can also be referred to as an L-shaped block, angle block, or wall panel, and is essentially L-shaped or angled, serves primarily to create a boundary stone structure, specifically for constructing retaining walls or angled retaining walls to stabilize slopes and support minor changes in elevation. Therefore, the concrete block 1 is particularly suitable for use in road and landscape construction, as well as in private garden and property design.

[0051] The concrete block 1 has a height h extending in the direction of a main axis or vertical axis HA, a depth t running perpendicular to the vertical axis HA, and a width b also running perpendicular to the vertical axis HA and simultaneously perpendicular to the depth t. In a vertical section direction, that is, in a section plane extending parallel to the depth t, the concrete block 1 has a substantially L-shaped cross-section, corresponding to its L-shaped geometry.

[0052] In the example of the figures, the concrete block 1 is manufactured with a width b of approximately 50 cm or 100 cm and a depth t of approximately 30 cm or 42.5 cm. Depending on the application, the height h of the concrete block 1 can be selected accordingly during its manufacture. For example, the concrete block 1 is manufactured in various heights h, where the height h can be approximately 40 cm, 55 cm, 80 cm, 105 cm, or 120 cm.

[0053] The concrete block 1 has a first leg section 2 and a subsequent second leg section 3, which together form the L-shaped concrete block 1, which is formed in particular as a single piece, wherein the first leg section 2 defines a wall part 4 and the second leg section 3 defines a foot part 5.

[0054] In its service state, when the concrete block 1 is laid as a concrete block assembly to form a supporting or boundary wall, the concrete block 1 rests with its base 5 on the appropriately prepared substrate, in particular on a concrete layer or concrete skirt. A bearing surface 6 suitable for contact with the substrate is provided on an underside U of the base 5, which – as in the example of the Figure 1 or the Figure 2 - may be equipped with a profile 21 which serves as a slip and / or displacement protection.

[0055] A surface 12 located on a top surface O of the concrete block 1 opposite the underside U and at the free leg end of the wall part 4 is also visible and accessible from the outside when the concrete block 1 is installed and therefore forms a visible top surface, in particular a visible surface or visible side of the concrete block 1, when installed in service.

[0056] With regard to its geometry and appearance, the top surface O, in particular surface 12 of the top surface O, is adapted, for example, to the optical and geometric design of a kerbstone, especially a deep kerbstone. For example, the wall section 4 of the concrete block 1 is designed, at least in its upper area adjoining the top surface O, with a wall thickness d, which is in particular in a range between 60 mm and 200 mm, and in particular between 80 mm and 120 mm, and in the example of the Figure 1 approximately 100 mm. As further illustrated by the example of the Figure 1 As can be seen, a chamfer 18 can be formed on the upper surface O along an outer edge facing away from the foot part 5, that is, the outer edge of the upper surface O is chamfered.

[0057] The first leg section 2, forming the wall section 4, and the second leg section 3, forming the base section 5, connect to each other essentially at right angles, with a rear surface 10 of the wall section 4 facing away from the base section 5 and the bearing surface 6 provided on the underside U of the base section 5 connecting at right angles to each other and forming an angled outer surface or an external angled surface. In this context, it can also be understood that the rear surface 10 and the bearing surface 6 together define an outer side or an outside of the angled concrete block 1.

[0058] A front surface 11 of the wall section 4 opposite the rear surface 10 and a top surface of the base section 5 opposite the support surface 6 define an inner surface of the concrete block 1. In the example of the Figure 1 , 2 and 3The front surface 11 of the wall section 4 and the top surface of the base section 5 merge into each other via a curved surface section. In the design variants of the Figure 1 and 3 The sections of the front surface 11 of the wall part 4 and the top surface of the foot part 5 are arranged essentially perpendicular to each other, whereas in the example of the Figure 2 The corresponding sections of the front surface 11 of the wall part 4 and the top surface of the foot part 5 form an obtuse angle greater than 90°. It is understood that instead of the curved surface section, one or more inclined surface sections can also form the transition between the front surface 11 of the wall part 4 and the top surface of the foot part 5. In the example of the Figure 4The front surface 11 of the wall part 4 and the top surface of the foot part 5 connect directly at right angles to each other, in particular without an intervening curved or inclined surface section.

[0059] The concrete block 1 has a first side surface 7 and a second side surface 8, with the side surfaces 7 and 8 facing each other and each being essentially L-shaped. In its service state, the concrete block 1 is backfilled on its inner side, defined by the inner surface, for example with soil.

[0060] In the examples of Figure 1 and 2The concrete block 1 is equipped on the first L-shaped side surface 7 with protrusions 9 which form spacers, which in turn serve as spacing and transport protection or as transport protection to prevent damage, such as edge breakage, especially when the L-shaped concrete blocks 1 are assembled into transport units in a technically and economically sensible manner after their manufacture.

[0061] The raised areas 9 can vary in their shape or geometric design as well as in their arrangement on the first L-shaped side surface 7, namely in number and distribution, and can, for example, be designed as described in DE 20 2023 102 175 U1. It is expressly pointed out here that all shapes and designs of the raised areas 9 disclosed in DE 20 2023 102 175 U1 are also possible and can be provided for in the present concrete block 1.

[0062] The back surface 10 of the present concrete block 1, which in the installed state forms the visible surface or stone side of the concrete block 1 and thus the visible surface of a boundary or retaining wall constructed from several such concrete blocks 1, is designed as a rough-hewn stone side 20. This makes it particularly advantageous to construct a boundary or retaining wall with a natural, broken stone appearance from several concrete blocks 1.

[0063] The production or manufacture of the present concrete block 1, with the simultaneous creation of the rough-hewn stone side 20, is carried out mechanically, preferably fully automatically, by means of a process such as is exemplified in the Figures 5a and 5bThe process is roughly outlined schematically. The manufacturing process is carried out, for example, in a concrete block machine or paving stone machine; that is, the concrete block 1 is produced using such a machine, specifically in a concrete block or paving stone production plant. The entire manufacturing process is controlled or program-controlled, whereby the individual process steps can be monitored, controlled, and / or regulated, particularly by means of a dedicated plant control and / or regulation system.

[0064] In the present process, a concrete blank 1.R is first produced in a sub-step V1 using a provided basic formwork 30 by filling the basic formwork 30 with concrete material and then allowing it to harden. It is possible to use a formwork with one or more recesses as the basic formwork.

[0065] The concrete blank 1.R is manufactured in a raw format that allows for the removal of at least one concrete block 1. For the production of the concrete blank 1.R, standard or normal concrete can be used, to which, of course, aggregate or a mix can be added depending on the application. The production of the concrete blank 1.R constitutes step V1 of the process, which can also be referred to as the first process step, the blank production step, or the forming and curing step. The curing of the concrete blank 1.R can take place in the basic formwork 30 or, alternatively, after removal of the basic formwork 30, in curing devices provided for this purpose, such as curing racks or storage units, which are not shown in the figures.

[0066] The concrete blank 1.R produced in sub-step V1 of the process is further described below with reference to the Figures 6 to 10more details described below.

[0067] In a further step of the process, namely in a separation step V2, at least one concrete block 1 with an L-shaped cross-section is separated from the hardened concrete blank 1.R by mechanical separation using a provided separation device 31 with a separation tool 32. In separation step V2, the separation simultaneously produces at least one, at least partially, fracture-rough side 20 of the at least one concrete block 1.

[0068] In the exemplary procedure shown according to Figure 5aThe concrete blank 1.R is manufactured in a raw format, from which a single L-shaped concrete block 1 with a rough-hewn surface 20 is cut out. The manufactured concrete blank 1.R has a first concrete block section 1a and an excess section RRa, so that in the cutting step V2, a single L-shaped concrete block 1 is produced from the concrete blank 1.R by removing an excess or trimming remnant RR, the back surface of which 10 serves as the rough-hewn surface 20 (see [reference]). Figures 1 to 4 ) is trained.

[0069] In the exemplary procedure shown according to Figure 5bThe concrete blank 1.R is manufactured in a raw format to allow the separation of two L-shaped concrete blocks 1 with rough-hewn stone sides 20 from the concrete blank 1.R. The manufactured concrete blank 1.R has a first concrete block section 1a and a second concrete block section 1b, so that in the separation step V2, two L-shaped concrete blocks 1 are produced from the concrete blank 1.R by separation, the respective back surfaces 10 of which serve as rough-hewn stone sides 20 (see [reference]). Figures 1 to 4 ) are trained.

[0070] The separation in separation step V2 takes place in the examples shown. Figures 5a and 5bSplitting is carried out by means of a splitting device 31, which is designed as a splitting device and is equipped with corresponding splitting tools 32. The splitting tools 32 can, for example, be provided as movably mounted splitting knives, in particular knife beams, whereby the splitting can be carried out by one splitting knife or by several cooperating splitting knives. In the case of several cooperating splitting knives, for example, an upper knife and a lower knife can act together in a vertical splitting direction from above and below, respectively, and optionally, lateral splitting knives with a substantially horizontal splitting direction can also be provided.

[0071] With reference to the Figures 6 to 10The concrete blank 1.R produced in sub-step V1 of the present procedure will be discussed in more detail in order to further illuminate individual aspects of the procedure.

[0072] As already mentioned above with reference to the explanations of the Figures 5a and 5b As mentioned, the concrete blank 1.R is manufactured in sub-step V1 in a respective raw format that allows the removal of at least one L-shaped concrete block 1. Figures 6 and 7 Examples of concrete blanks 1.R are shown here, from which a single L-shaped concrete block 1 can be produced in the separation step V2 by removing an excess or separation residue RR, whereas the Figures 8, 9 and 10 The respective examples of concrete blanks 1.R show from which two L-shaped concrete blocks 1 can be produced simultaneously in the separation step V2.

[0073] The separation in separation step V2 takes place along a respective separation edge 15 of the concrete blank 1.R, or within the concrete blank 1.R, whereby the separation edge 15 is essentially to be understood as a merely imaginary plane in or through the molded body of the concrete blank 1.R, which specifies or defines the location and orientation of the separation, namely the separation point or separation line, and along which the fractured stone side 20 extends after separation in separation step V2. In all the Figures 6 to 10 The separating edge 15 of the concrete blanks 1.R shown runs along the back surface 10 of the L-shaped concrete blocks 1.R to be completed by means of the separating step V2.

[0074] Anyone who is in the Figures 6 and 7The exemplary concrete blanks 1.R shown have a raw format with a substantially L-shaped cross-section; that is, the concrete blank 1.R itself is a substantially L-shaped molded body or molded block and, in addition to the first concrete block section 1a, has the excess section RRa, which connects to the first concrete block section 1a along the dividing edge 15. From each of the exemplary concrete blanks 1.R of the Figures 6 and 7 In the separation step V2 of the present process, a single L-shaped concrete block 1 with the rough-hewn stone side 20 on the back surface 10 is produced by separating off the excess or separation residue RR.

[0075] Anyone who is in the Figures 8, 9 and 10The concrete blanks 1.R shown in the example have a raw format such that, in the separation step V2, two L-shaped concrete blocks 1 with the rough-hewn side 20 on the back surface 10 are produced simultaneously. For this purpose, the concrete blanks 1.R shown in the example have, in addition to the first concrete block section 1a, the second concrete block section 1b, with the concrete block sections 1a and 1b adjoining each other along the separation edge 15. In these examples, the concrete blocks 1 to be separated from the concrete blanks 1.R are connected to each other, so to speak, "back to back" via their back surfaces 10, whereby in the separation step V2 the back surfaces 10 are "exposed" as the rough-hewn side 20.

[0076] The concrete blank 1.R of the example of the Figure 8is essentially a T-shaped molded body or block and has a raw format with an essentially T-shaped cross-section. In the T-shaped concrete blank 1.R, the concrete block sections 1a, 1b are arranged symmetrically to each other and thus have the same vertical orientation, so that – figuratively speaking – the concrete blocks 1 to be cut out are arranged symmetrically to each other in a "foot-to-foot" orientation.

[0077] The respective concrete blanks 1.R according to the examples of the Figures 9 and 10 These are essentially Z-shaped molded bodies or blocks, each with a raw format and a substantially Z-shaped cross-section. In the Z-shaped concrete blank 1.R, the concrete block sections 1a and 1b have opposite vertical orientations, so that – figuratively speaking – the concrete blocks 1 to be cut out are arranged in a "head-to-toe" orientation relative to each other.

[0078] Regardless of their geometric design, in the present process, the concrete blanks 1.R are shaped in step V1 during their production, for example, in such a way that corresponding surfaces already on the outside of the concrete blank 1.R, namely outer surfaces of the concrete blank 1.R, remain without further treatment or post-processing and in this way also form corresponding circumferential surfaces of the finished concrete block 1.

[0079] For example, the underside UR and topside OR of the concrete blank 1.R, each produced as the outer surface, are retained as the top surface O or bottom surface U of the L-shaped concrete blocks 1 without additional treatment or post-processing. Starting from L- or T-shaped concrete blanks 1.R (see Figures 6, 7 and 8) the underside UR of the blank after separation also forms the underside U of the concrete blocks 1, and likewise the top side OR of the blank after separation also forms the top side O of the concrete blocks 1. Starting from Z-shaped concrete blanks 1.R (see Figures 9 and 10 ) After separation, the underside of the blank UR forms the underside U of the first L-shaped concrete block 1 and the top side O of the second L-shaped concrete block 1. Similarly, - vice versa - the blank top OR after separation the top O of the first L-shaped concrete block 1 and the bottom U of the second L-shaped concrete block 1.

[0080] On the corresponding sections of the blank top OR or blank bottom UR, which after the separation of the concrete blank 1.R each form the underside U of a respective L-shaped concrete block 1 with its bearing surface 6, a profile 21 can already be created during the production of the concrete blanks 1.R in the sub-step V1, which as such remains in the finished concrete block 1 on its bearing surface 6 and serves, for example, as a slip or displacement protection.

[0081] The profiling 21 molded into the concrete blank 1.R, as is found, for example, in the Figures 7 and 10 As indicated, this can be developed through a variety of surveys and / or in-depth analyses. It goes without saying that such profiling is not limited to the examples of... Figures 7 and 10is not limited, but rather is possible with all depicted and described concrete blanks 1.R, regardless of their size, shape, and design. Likewise, at least one (or more) web- or rib-like projection 19 can be formed into the concrete blank 1.R, which remains as such in the finished concrete block 1 and serves, for example, as a spacer or as a transport and storage safety feature. The projection 19 can, for example, be provided on a front surface of the base section 5 located at the free leg end, as exemplified in the Figures 7 and 10 is shown and also applies to the concrete blocks according to the Figure 1 and 2 is evident.

[0082] In a similar manner to that described above for the profiling 21 or for the web- or rib-like projection 19, protrusions 9 can also be created on a blank side surface 7.R, particularly in those sections which, after the concrete blank 1.R has been cut, form the first side surface 7 of a respective L-shaped concrete block 1. These protrusions remain as such in the finished concrete block 1 on its first side surface 7 and, for example, form spacers for the concrete block 1. The protrusions 9 formed in the concrete blank 1.R, as they are, for example, in the Figures 7 and 10The features indicated can vary in their form or geometric design as well as in their arrangement on the blank side surface 7.R, that is, in terms of number and distribution, and can, for example, be designed as disclosed in DE 20 2023 102 175 U1. It is understood that such elevations 9 do not refer to the examples of Figures 7 and 10 are limited, but rather are possible for all concrete blanks 1.R shown and described, regardless of their size, shape and design.

[0083] In the concrete blanks 1.R shown as examples in the figures, a groove-like recess 14, in particular a V-shaped recess, is provided on the upper surface OR of each blank, extending along the parting line 15 and being produced in step V1 during the manufacturing process of each concrete blank 1.R. The groove-like recess 14 is configured, among other things, for the precise positioning of the cutting tool 32 of the cutting device 31.

[0084] Similarly, the concrete blanks 1.R shown in the figures each have a groove-like recess 16, in particular a V-shaped recess, on their respective underside UR, which also extends along the parting line 15 and is produced in step V1 during the manufacturing process of each concrete blank 1.R. Furthermore, a groove-like recess 17, in particular a V-shaped recess, extending from the top surface OR to the underside UR, is formed on at least one side surface 7.R of the blank and is also produced in step V1 during the manufacturing process of each concrete blank 1.R.

[0085] The groove-like recesses 14, 16 on the top surface OR and bottom surface UR of the blank extend over the entire width of the blank in the examples shown.

[0086] The central axis of each depression 14, 16, 17, extending longitudinally, lies in a plane of the rough-hewn stone surface 20 or is oriented parallel to the plane of the rough-hewn stone surface 20. In other words, the central axis of each depression 14, 16, 17 extends along the separating edge 15. The depressions 14, 16, 17 are designed such that, after the concrete blank 1.R has been separated, they form chamfers 18, 18', 18" of the finished concrete block 1, as they would, for example, result from the Figure 1 are evident. Reference symbol list

[0087] 1 Concrete block 1a First concrete block section 1b Second concrete block section 1.R Concrete blank 2 First leg section 3 Second leg section 4 Wall section 5 Foot section 6 Bearing surface 7 First L-shaped side surface 7.R Blank side surface 8 Second L-shaped side surface 9 Raised section 10 Rear surface 11 Front surface 12 Top surface 13 Curved surface section 14 Grooved recess 15 Separating edge 16 Grooved recess 17 Grooved recess 18, 18', 18" Chamfer 19 Web or rib-like projection 20 Rough-hewn block side 21 Profiling 30 Basic formwork shape 31 Separating device 32 Separating tool b Width d Wall thickness HA Vertical axis h Height O Top surface O.R Blank top surface RR Separation remnant RRa Oversize section tDepth UUnderside U.RBlank underside V1Partial step V2Separation step

Claims

1. Method for producing concrete blocks (1) with a substantially L-shaped cross-section and with at least one block side (20) which is at least partially rough as it was when broken, wherein in a sub-step (V1) of the method, a concrete blank (1.R) is first produced in a raw format by means of a provided basic formwork mold (30), and for this purpose, a concrete material is poured into the basic formwork mold (30) and is then cured, wherein at least one concrete block (1) with an L-shaped cross-section is cut out of the cured concrete blank (1.R) in a cutting step (V2) by mechanical cutting by means of a provided cutting device (31), wherein the at least partially rough as it was when broken, stone side (20) of the at least one concrete block (1) is directly produced by the mechanical cutting.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe concrete block (1) is cut out of the concrete blank (1.R) in such a way that the rough stone side (20) produced thereby forms a rear surface (10) of the finished concrete block (1).

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the concrete blank (1.R) is manufactured in its raw format with a shape and size such that in the separating step (V2) a single concrete block (1) is separated out of the manufactured concrete blank (1.R) by separating, leaving a separated excess or separation residue (RR), wherein the concrete blank (1.R) in particular has a substantially L-shaped cross-section or that the concrete blank (1.R) is manufactured in its raw format with a shape and size such that in the separating step (V2) several, preferably two, concrete blocks (1) are separated out of the manufactured concrete blank (1.R).

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in thatthe concrete blank (1.R) is manufactured in its raw format with a substantially T-shaped cross-section or with a substantially Z-shaped cross-section and in the separating step (V2) two L-shaped concrete blocks (1) are cut out of the T-shaped or the Z-shaped concrete blank (1.R).

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatduring the production of the concrete blank (1.R) in the sub-step (V1) of the method, outer sides or outer surfaces are produced in the raw format of the concrete blank (1.R), which remain unprocessed after the production of the concrete blank (1.R), wherein at least some of the unprocessed outer sides or outer surfaces of the concrete blank (1.R) form peripheral surfaces of the finished concrete block (1) cut out of the concrete blank (1.R) even after the production of the concrete block (1), and / or that in the concrete blank (1.R) during its production in the sub-step (V1) on a blank upper side (OR) a groove-like depression (14), in particular a V-shaped depression, is produced, wherein the groove-like depression (14) is introduced in the region of a separating edge (15) of the concrete blank (1.R) and is configured in particular for the positionally accurate engagement of a separating tool (32) of the separating device (31).

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatin the concrete blank (1.R) during its production in the sub-step (V1) a groove-like depression (16), in particular a V-shaped depression, is produced on a blank underside (UR) and / or that a groove-like depression (17), in particular a V-shaped depression, extending in the direction from the blank top side (OR) to the blank underside (UR) is produced on at least one blank side surface (7.R).

7. Method according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in thatthe groove-like depressions (14, 16) on the upper side (OR) and / or lower side (UR) of the blank are each produced as depressions (14, 16) extending over the entire width of the blank and / or that the groove-like depression (17) on the side surface (7.R) of the blank is produced as a depression (17) extending over the entire height of the blank, wherein in particular a depression center axis extending in the longitudinal direction of the respective depressions (14, 16, 17) comes to lie in a plane of the rough-faced stone side (20) or is oriented parallel to the plane of the rough-faced stone side (20) and wherein in particular the depressions (14, 16, 17) form respective bevels (18, 18', 18") of the finished concrete block (1) after the concrete blank (1.R) has been separated.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatthe separation in the separation step (V2) comprises splitting or breaking, wherein the rough stone side (20) is produced by splitting or breaking and the at least one concrete block (1) is split or broken out, in particular from the concrete blank (1.R), wherein the splitting or breaking is preferably carried out by means of a splitting machine provided for this purpose using at least one movably mounted splitting knife, in particular a knife bar.

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatduring the production of the concrete blank (1.R), at least one elevation (9) is formed on a first blank side surface (7.R), wherein at least one section of the first blank side surface (7.R) having the at least one elevation (9) forms a first L-shaped side surface (7) of the finished concrete block (1) after the concrete blank (1.R) has been separated, and the at least one elevation (9) forms a spacer of the finished concrete block (1).

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatduring the production of the concrete blank (1.R), a profiling is produced at least in sections on a blank underside (UR) and / or blank top side (OR), wherein the profiling is produced in an area of ​​the blank underside (UR) and / or blank top side (OR) which, after the concrete blank (1.R) has been separated, defines an underside (U) of the finished and separated concrete blocks (1) and forms a support surface (6) of the concrete blocks (1) intended for resting on a substrate.

11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatthe concrete blank (1.R) is produced by means of a concrete block machine, in particular by means of a paving block machine and / or that a standard or normal concrete is used as the concrete material for the production of the concrete blank (1.R) or that the concrete material comprises at least one additive in addition to concrete, for example a colour additive and / or a finishing additive, in particular natural stone chippings.

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during the production of the concrete blank (1.R), a reinforcement, in particular a steel reinforcement, is molded into the concrete material and the concrete blank (1.R) is produced as a reinforced concrete blank (1.R), wherein the reinforcement is molded into the concrete blank (1.R) in such a way that the reinforcement is arranged at a predetermined distance from the rough-cast stone side (20) to be produced by means of the separating step (V2).

13. Concrete blank (1.R) for producing at least one substantially L-shaped concrete block (1) having at least one stone side (20) that is at least partially rough as a fracture, by mechanical separation, wherein the concrete blank (1.R) has a raw format with a shape and size such that at least one substantially L-shaped concrete block (1) can be separated from the concrete blank (1.R) by mechanical separation and the rough as a fracture side (20) can be produced in the process, wherein the concrete blank (1.R) has at least one first concrete block section (1a) which, after separation, forms the at least one L-shaped concrete block (1), and wherein a first concrete block section (1a) is adjoined to the first concrete block section (1a) along a separation edge (15) of the concrete blank (1.R) an oversize section (RRa) or a second concrete block section (1b) adjoins, wherein the oversize section (RRa) is removable as an oversize or separation residue (RR) and wherein the second concrete block section (1b) also forms an L-shaped concrete block (1) after separation.

14. Concrete blank (1.R) according to claim 13, characterized in that the concrete blank (1.R) has a substantially L-shaped cross-section for separating a single L-shaped concrete block (1) or that the concrete blank (1.R) has a substantially T-shaped or substantially Z-shaped cross-section for separating two L-shaped concrete blocks (1).

15. Concrete block (1) with a substantially L-shaped cross-section comprising at least a first leg section (2) and an adjoining second leg section (3), wherein the first leg section (2) forms a wall part (4) and the second leg section (3) forms a base part (5), wherein the concrete block (1) has on an underside (U) on the base part (5) a support surface (6) suitable for resting on a subsurface and a rear surface (10) of the wall part (4) adjoining the support surface (6) on the underside (U) of the concrete block (1) at a right angle, characterized in that the concrete block (1) is produced by a method according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the rear surface (10) of the concrete block (1) is formed at least in sections as a rough stone side (20) produced by mechanical separation.

16. Concrete block (1) according to claim 15, comprising at least a first and a second, opposite and each substantially L-shaped side surfaces (7, 8), characterized in that at least one elevation (9) forming a spacer is formed on the first L-shaped side surface (7).

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