Set of parts intended to form a floor and / or a ceiling of at least one part of a building

Abstract

A set of parts intended to form a floor (1) and / or a ceiling of at least one room in a building, which set includes a first set of elements (2) each having a first face (2a) substantially flat and a second face (2b) opposite the first face, which second face has a profile (3) having an angular geometry such that two elements can fit together, which set also includes a second set of acoustic attenuation elements (4, 5-1, 5-2) intended to be placed between two elements of said first set which are fitted together, for each element of the first set the angular geometry of the profile is the same and is present on the whole of the second face, which acoustic attenuation elements have an angular geometry which follows that of the profile and are positioned in a hollow, respectively on a ridge, formed by the profile of the elements of the first layer.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a set of parts intended to form between them a floor and / or a ceiling of at least one room of a building, which set comprises a first set of elements made of reinforced or prestressed concrete, the elements of the first set of elements each having a first substantially planar face and a second face, the second face being opposite the first face, which second face has a profile having an angular geometry such that two elements can fit together thanks to the profile present on their second face, which set also comprises a second set of acoustic attenuation elements intended to be placed between two elements of said first set which are fitted together thanks to their profile.

[0002] Such an assembly is known from application EP 1 528 170. In the known assembly, the set of elements consists of a lower element and an upper element between which there is an intermediate element. The intermediate element is an acoustic attenuation element. The geometry of the profile of the lower element is different from that of the profile of the upper element.

[0003] In building construction, it is known to construct a floor and / or a ceiling to form the division between the different floors of the same building. In general, floors and ceilings are formed using slabs, more specifically reinforced or prestressed concrete slabs. These slabs are laid on load-bearing walls. After the slabs have been laid, it is necessary to make formwork and pour a compression screed over the slabs laid in order to prevent the slabs from moving relative to each other and thus avoid an effect known as "swish".

[0004] A disadvantage of using slabs is that not only does it take time to create the formwork and pour the screed, but you also have to wait for the screed to harden before you can continue with the building. Furthermore, when the building is later renovated or demolished, the slabs cannot be recovered for possible reuse.

[0005] A disadvantage of the set known from application EP 1 528 170 is that the lower and upper elements have a different geometry profile which not only requires different molds to manufacture them, which makes their manufacture more expensive, but also complicates placement.

[0006] The invention aims to produce a set of parts intended to simply form between them a floor and / or a ceiling of at least one room of a building, which parts can be installed and form the ceiling and / or the floor without having to pour a compression screed after they have been installed. Furthermore, in the event of renovation or demolition of the building, the parts can be recovered and even reused after dismantling the floor and / or the ceiling.

[0007] To this end, a set of parts intended to form between them a floor and / or a ceiling of at least one room of a building according to the invention is characterized in that for each element of the first set the angular geometry of the profile is the same and is present on the entire second face, which acoustic attenuation elements have an angular geometry which matches that of the profile, the acoustic attenuation elements being positioned in a hollow, respectively on a crest, formed by the profile of the elements of the first layer. The fact of being able to fit together, thanks to their profile, which is the same for each element of the first set, the elements of the first set between them also allows them to be fitted offset between them, which makes it possible to connect the elements together, thus avoiding the tapping effect.In addition, the use of a second set of sound attenuation elements, whose angular geometry matches that of the profile, allows on the one hand to considerably reduce the transmission of noise through the elements, and on the other hand, thanks to their elasticity, also to reduce the tapping effect. This tapping effect comes from a point load applied to one element and not to the one adjacent to it. The angular geometry of the sound attenuation elements, which matches that of the profile of the elements of the first set, allows them to be easily and quickly positioned in relation to the elements of the first set.

[0008] A first preferred embodiment of an assembly according to the invention is characterized in that the profile has a trapezoidal geometry. The trapezoidal geometry is not only easy to produce, for example by casting in a mold, but also allows for easy and reliable interlocking over time.

[0009] A second preferred embodiment of an assembly according to the invention is characterized in that the elements of the second set are made of elastic material, in particular rubber. The elastic material makes it easy to take into account any roughness on the surface of the elements and to attenuate impact noise induced in the elements and transmitted by the elements. In addition, the rubber can, for example, come from recycled material from used tires.

[0010] Preferably, the elements of the first set of elements are provided with at least one hole applied from the transverse faces of the element and arranged to introduce a member allowing attachment to a handling machine. Thus, the handling of the elements of the first set is facilitated.

[0011] The invention also relates to a method for laying a floor and / or a ceiling of at least one room of a building, according to which floor and / or ceiling elements forming part of a first set of elements made of reinforced or prestressed concrete are laid on load-bearing walls of the building, the elements each having a first substantially flat face and a second face, the second face being opposite the first face and is provided with a profile having a geometry such that two elements can fit together thanks to the profile present, the elements being laid by laying a first layer in such a way that their second face is oriented upwards.

[0012] The method according to the invention is characterized in that, then, on this second face, elements of the first layer whose profile is applied to the whole of the second face, the acoustic attenuation element(s) having an angular geometry which matches that of the profile of the elements of the first set, are placed, and then, on the acoustic attenuation element(s), a second layer of elements is placed by making the profile of the elements of the second layer fit into the profile of the elements of the first layer, thanks to their profile, the elements of the second layer being placed transversely offset relative to those of the first layer. The transverse offset installation makes it possible to return the load applied to it towards two adjacent elements of the first layer and thus to avoid a tapping effect.

[0013] Preferably, the sound attenuation elements are placed in a hollow and / or on a ridge forming part of the profile of the elements of the first layer. This makes them easier to install.

[0014] The invention will now be described with the aid of the drawings which show an exemplary embodiment of the assembly according to the invention and illustrate the method according to the invention. In the drawings: There figure 1 shows a view of part of a floor formed of five elements forming part of a first set of elements and elements of the second set; The figure 2 shows a sectional view through a floor according to the invention; The figure 3 also shows a sectional view along line II-II', but with an alternative shape of the sound attenuating element; The figure 4 shows a view of an upper face of an element of the first set on which the acoustic attenuation elements are placed; The figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view through another alternative shape of an element of the first set of elements; and The figures 6 et 7 show a cross-sectional view through an alternative shape of an element of the first set of elements;

[0015] In the figures the same reference has been attributed to the same or similar element.

[0016] There figure 1 shows a view of part of a floor (1) formed of five elements (2) forming part of a first set of elements. These elements are elements made of reinforced or prestressed concrete. Reinforced or prestressed concrete is a well-known and inexpensive material for manufacturing construction elements. The elements (2) of the first set of elements are solid elements, i.e. elements without cells which extend over the entire length of the element. The elements (2) of the first set of elements each have a first face (2a) which is substantially flat and a second face (2b), the second face being opposite the first face. The second face (2b) is provided with a profile (3) having a geometry such that two elements can fit together thanks to their profile present on their second face. The profile is present on the entire second face in order to ensure good fitting. For each element of the first set, the angular geometry of the profile is the same.

[0017] Preferably, the profile has a trapezoidal geometry. This geometry is not only easy to achieve, for example by pouring concrete into a mold, but also allows two elements of the first set to be easily fitted together. Of course, other geometries can be applied, such as a sinusoidal or sawtooth profile.

[0018] The assembly according to the invention also comprises a second set of acoustic attenuation elements (4, 5-1, 5-2) intended to be placed in a space formed between two elements (2) which are fitted together thanks to their profile (3) applied to their second face. Preferably, the acoustic attenuation elements are made of elastic material, in particular rubber. More particularly, rubber obtained from used tires forms a good raw material for manufacturing the acoustic attenuation elements. Indeed, the rubber obtained from used tires offers adequate elasticity to the acoustic attenuation elements to be manufactured. The acoustic attenuation elements have an angular or undulating geometry which matches that of the profile (3). Thus, we see at figure 2 that the acoustic attenuation element is formed by a corrugated sheet which substantially completely fills the space between two superimposed elements of the first set and fitted together thanks to their profile.

[0019] On the other hand, in the embodiment illustrated in figures 1 et 3 , the sound attenuation element is formed by a first series of flared U-shaped profiles (5-1) and a second series of flared and inverted U-shaped profiles (5-2). The first series of profiles is housed each time in the bottom between two adjacent sides of the profile, while the second series of profiles is placed each time on the tops of the profile. Between the first and second series of profiles the space is free. Preferably, the thickness of the rising branches of the flared and inverted U-shaped profiles (5-2) decreases in a direction towards their top to facilitate the interlocking of the elements of the second layer. Alternatively it would be possible to apply for example a mineral wool mat as a sound attenuation element complementary to the U-shaped profile.

[0020] It is not necessary for the sound attenuation element to extend over the entire length of the second face. The sound attenuation element can also, for example, be applied to segments of the profile, as shown in figure 4 , and be formed by a number of segments ((5-1) 1 .. (5-1) n , (5-2) 1 .. (5-2) n ) of profiles which will be distributed over the length of the element of the first set.

[0021] As illustrated in the figure 5 the elements (2) of the first set of elements are provided with a metal reinforcement, in particular reinforcing bars (9, 9') or cables, with at least one component (9) of the reinforcement in the base and / or at least one other component (9') of the reinforcement in the crest or top of the profile. The nesting of the elements of the first set with each other makes it possible to reduce the diameter of the reinforcements. The greater the nesting, the greater the distance (d) between the pieces of the metal reinforcement 9 and 9' can be. The greater the distance (d), the more the diameter of the pieces of the metal reinforcement can be reduced and therefore savings can be made.

[0022] Preferably, the elements (2) of the first set of elements are provided with at least one hole (8) applied from the transverse faces of the element and arranged to introduce a member therein allowing attachment to a handling machine. Thus, it is possible to introduce into one or more holes (8) a gripping member, such as for example a bar, which can then be connected by a strap to a handling machine to manipulate the elements of the first set during their loading, unloading and installation.

[0023] Preferably, and as illustrated in figures 6 et 7, the elements of the first set of elements comprise on a first lateral flank a tenon (6) and on a second lateral flank a mortise (7). The tenon and the mortise being dimensioned so that the tenon of a first element can engage in the mortise of a second element juxtaposed to the first element. The use of this tenon and this mortise makes it possible to fit together two elements of the first set, which elements are juxtaposed to each other. Thus the connection between two elements is made not only using the profile (3), but also using the tenons and mortises, which offers a better connection between the elements and further reduces the tapping between the elements.

[0024] The method according to the invention for laying a floor and / or a ceiling of at least one room of a building will now be described. According to this method, floor and / or ceiling elements (2) forming part of the first set of elements are laid on load-bearing walls of the building. The elements (2) are laid by laying a first layer in such a way that their second face (2b) is oriented upwards. Then, on this second face of the elements of the first layer, acoustic attenuation elements (4, 5-1, 5-2) are laid. After this, a second layer of elements (2) is laid on the layer of acoustic attenuation elements, the profile of the elements of the second layer being fitted into the profile of the elements of the first layer. The elements of the second layer are laid transversely offset from those of the first layer.The transverse offset installation allows the elements of the first and second layers to be connected to each other and thus prevents them from moving relative to each other. Preferably, the elements of the second layer are installed in such a way that 50% of their width covers an element of the first layer and the other 50% covers an adjacent element of this first layer. This distribution allows for a balanced and well-distributed transfer of loads from the element of the second layer to two underlying elements of the first layer, which avoids the scraping effect. In addition, the use of two elements of the first set that are superimposed by interlocking one into the other and offset transversely relative to each other eliminates the subsequent application of a compression screed, which thus allows for considerable time savings during construction.

[0025] When the elements are provided with tenons (6) and mortises (7), the second layer will be laid by tilting the element to be laid in the second layer so as to allow the tenon to engage in the mortise.

[0026] Preferably, the sound attenuating elements (4, 5) are placed in a hollow, respectively on a ridge, formed by the profile of the elements of the first layer. Since the sound attenuating elements (4, 5-1, 5-2) are placed between the first and second layers, they will largely contribute to interrupting, or at least attenuating, the transmission of noise through the elements (2), thus reducing the noise nuisance in the room where the floor and / or ceiling will be installed.

[0027] The use of sound attenuation elements (4, 5-1, 5-2) offers the advantage of considerably reducing the transmission of noise through the floor or ceiling, which, particularly in apartment buildings, offers a better quality of life. The sound attenuation elements, which are preferably made of elastic material, will partly compress, in particular by the pressure exerted by the second layer and by the pressure exerted by the load applied to it. However, care will be taken, among other things, by the composition and dimensions of the elastic material, to ensure that even under this compressive force at least 20% of the initial elasticity is maintained. Having the sound attenuation elements between two elements of the first set results in a so-called "mass-spring-mass" assembly. Such an assembly offers good sound attenuation because it ensures that the transmission of noise through the mass is largely interrupted.

[0028] The use of a first and a second layer of elements (2) of the first set also offers an advantage when the ceiling or floor has to be removed, for example during renovation or demolition work. Since the second layer rests on the first layer and it is not necessary to pour a compression screed over the elements of the first set, the floor or ceiling can be easily dismantled, so to speak, and the elements can then be recovered, which can then be reused. The use of the assembly according to the invention therefore offers an ecological advantage since it allows the recovery of these elements. To dismantle the floor and / or ceiling, the elements of the second layer are lifted to separate them from those of the first layer. Then the sound attenuation elements are removed and after that the elements of the first layer are lifted to remove it from the load-bearing wall.

Claims

1. Set of parts intended to form between them a floor (1) and / or a ceiling of at least one room of a building, which set comprises a first set of elements (2) made of reinforced or prestressed concrete, the elements of the first set of elements each having a first face (2a) substantially planar and a second face (2b), the second face being opposite the first face, which second face has a profile (3) having an angular geometry such that two elements can fit together thanks to the profile present on their second face, which set also comprises a second set of acoustic attenuation elements (4, 5-1, 5-2) intended to be placed between two elements of said first set which are fitted together thanks to their profile, characterized in thatfor each element of the first set the angular geometry of the profile is the same and is present on the entire second face, which acoustic attenuation elements have an angular geometry which matches that of the profile, the acoustic attenuation elements (4,5) being positioned in a hollow, respectively on a crest, formed by the profile of the elements of the first layer.

2. Assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile has a trapezoidal geometry.

3. Assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The elements of the second set are made of elastic material, in particular rubber.

4. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elements of the first set of elements are provided with at least one hole (8) applied from the transverse faces of the element and arranged to introduce a member allowing attachment to a handling machine.

5. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the elements of the first set of elements comprise on a first lateral flank a tenon (6) and on a second lateral flank a mortise (7), the tenon and the mortise being sized so that the tenon of a first element can engage in the mortise of a second element juxtaposed to the first element.

6. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the elements of the first set are provided with a metal reinforcement, in particular reinforcing bars (9, 9') or cables, with at least one component (9) of the reinforcement in the base and at least one other component (9') of the reinforcement in the crest of the profile.

7. Method for laying a floor and / or a ceiling of at least one room of a building according to which floor and / or ceiling elements forming part of a first set of elements made of reinforced or prestressed concrete are laid on load-bearing walls of the building, the elements each having a first substantially flat face and a second face, the second face being opposite the first face and is provided with a profile having a geometry such that two elements can fit together thanks to the profile present, the elements being laid by laying a first layer in such a way that their second face is oriented upwards, characterized in thatthen on this second face we place elements of the first layer whose profile is applied to the whole of the second face the acoustic attenuation element(s) having an angular geometry which matches that of the profile of the elements of the first set and then we place on the acoustic attenuation element(s) a second layer of elements by making the profile of the elements of the second layer fit into the profile of the elements of the first layer, thanks to their profile, the elements of the second layer being placed transversely offset relative to those of the first layer.

8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the acoustic attenuation elements are placed in a hollow formed by the profile of the elements of the first layer.

9. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the acoustic attenuation elements are placed on a ridge forming part of the profile of the elements of the first layer.

10. Method for dismantling a floor and / or a ceiling installed by applying the method according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the elements of the second layer are lifted to separate them from those of the first layer, then the sound attenuation elements are removed and after that the elements of the first layer are lifted to remove them from the load-bearing wall.

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