Vibration motor
Patent Information
- Application Number
- EP2023933490
- Authority / Receiving Office
- EP · EP
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-04-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-17
Smart Images

Figure CN2023089688_24102024_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Vibration MotorTechnical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a vibration motor.Background
[0002] In general, a vibration motor comprises a vibration element generating an elliptical vibration, and a moving element which is pressed against the vibration element. The moving element is driven by friction from the vibration element generating the elliptical vibration as a driving force. The vibration motor has a simple structure and a small form factor, and allows for precise and quiet driving. Therefore, the vibration motor is employed as a lens driving mechanism for autofocus of a camera, a pivot driving mechanism of a camera platform, and a driving motor for an OA device. Among such vibration motors, there is a vibration motor generating an elliptical vibration on a drive transmission element by causing two bending vibrations (bending vibrations) perpendicular to each other on the vibration element, and providing a relative movement of a moving element frictionally contacting with the drive transmission element (for example, refer to Patent Publication 1) .
[0003] Fig. 11 shows a conventional vibration motor 1101. As shown in Fig. 11 (a) , the vibration motor 1101 comprises a vibration element 1102 and a moving element 1104. For example, the vibration element 1102 has a planar structure extending in an XY plane and having a longitudinal direction in an X direction and a thickness direction in a Z direction. For example, the moving element 1104 has a rod-shaped structure having a longitudinal direction in the X direction. The vibration element 1102 comprises: an elastic element 1106 composed of an elastic material such as a metal; a piezoelectric element 1108 disposed on a first surface of the elastic element 1106 perpendicular to the Z direction and composed of a piezoelectric material such as PZT; and at least two frictional contact elements 1110, 1112 disposed on a second surface of the elastic element 1106 opposite to the first surface and protruding from the second surface. The moving element 1104 is pressed against the frictional contact elements 1110, 1112 by a biasing means such as a spring which is not shown. As shown in Fig. 11 (b) , two electrodes 1114 are disposed on the piezoelectric element 1108, and alternating current voltage signals (AC voltage signals) can be applied to the electrodes 1114. When AC voltage signals in the same phase are applied to the electrodes 1114, the piezoelectric element 1108 and the elastic element 1106 together deform in a Z direction and in the same phase (amode A) as shown in Figure 11 (c) . When AC voltage signals in antiphase are applied to the electrodes 1114, portions of the two electrodes disposed on the piezoelectric element 1108 and the elastic element 1106 deform in the Z direction and in the antiphase (amode B) as shown in Figure 11 (d) . When the AC voltage signals in the same phase and the antiphase are superimposed and applied to the electrodes 1114 at the same time, the modes A and B are superimposed to cause pendular-like vibrations on the tips of the frictional contact elements 1110, 1112 to elliptically vibrate the frictional contact elements 1110, 1112 in a ZX plane. The friction force by the elliptical vibration is transmitted to the moving element 1104 which is pressed against the frictional contact elements 1110, 1112 to allow the moving element to move in the X direction.
[0004] When the vibration element 1102 shown in Fig. 11 is utilized to configure a vibration motor, it is necessary to cause the pendular-like vibrations on the frictional contact elements 1110, 1112 as described above to cause a reciprocal movement of the moving element 1104 in the X direction. Thus, in order to amplify the vibration in the X direction, it is necessary to provide larger dimensions of the frictional contact elements 1110, 1112 in the Z direction. These dimensions should be a half of or larger than the entire thickness of the vibration element 1102. In other words, the thickness of the vibration element 1102 should be twice of the elastic element 1106 or larger due to the frictional contact elements 1110, 1112. This prevents the minimization of the vibration motor.
[0005] Furthermore, since a vibration motor utilizes vibration of a vibration element as a driving force of a moving element, it is preferable to support the vibration element without preventing the vibration, and to prevent the vibration from transmitting to other elements. Therefore, in a case of a vibration motor utilizing vibrations in the modes A and B discussed above, it is preferable to support the vibration element at portions where nodes of the vibrations in the modes A and B are superimposed. However, it is difficult to support the planar vibration element shown in Fig. 11 at portions where the nodes of the vibrations in the modes A and B are superimposed. Patent Publication 2 provides planar supports 1204 on both sides of a vibration element 1202 as shown in Figure 12. The planar supports 1204 are not disposed at nodes of vibrations of the vibration element 1202. Therefore, the planar supports 1204 have a complicated shape to buffer the vibration in order not to prevent the vibration and in order to prevent the vibration from transmitting to other elements. Such a structure of supports prevents the minimization of the vibration element and limits implementation of a vibration element in a device comprising a vibration motor.
[0006] As discussed above, there is the problem of increasing a thickness of a vibration element by protrusions of frictional contact elements for providing a reciprocal movement in an X direction in a vibration motor causing an elliptical vibration on a driving transmission element by two bending vibrations of the vibration element perpendicular to each other and causing a movement of a moving element relative to the vibration element where the moving element frictionally contacts with the driving transmission elements. Further, supports having a complicated structure must be employed not to prevent the vibration. Such supports provide a problem of preventing the minimization of the vibration element and limiting implementation of the vibration elements in a device comprising the vibration motor, which requires a larger space for the vibration motor in the device.
[0007] Patent Publication 1: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2011-234608
[0008] Patent Publication 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Application, First Publication No. 2013-187974Summary of Invention
[0009] Problem to be Solved by the Invention
[0010] The present invention solves a problem in which a vibration motor requires a large space in a device on which the vibration motor is implemented.
[0011] Means for Solving the Problem
[0012] The present invention provides a moving element driven in a longitudinal direction of a vibration element having a substantially cuboid shape, and provides a reciprocal movement of the moving element in the longitudinal direction by a vibration mode of the vibration element stretching and shrinking in the longitudinal direction.
[0013] A vibration motor according to the present invention comprises:
[0014] a vibration element; comprising:
[0015] an elastic element having a planar or rod shape and having a longitudinal direction in an X direction;
[0016] a piezoelectric element disposed on the elastic element on a first surface of the elastic element, the first surface having a normal in a Z direction perpendicular to the X direction (the first surface is parallel to the X direction) ; and
[0017] at least two frictional contact elements protruding from a second surface of the elastic element, the second surface is a surface opposite to the first surface in a Z direction, wherein the Z direction is a thickness direction of the elastic element, and the Z direction is perpendicular to the X direction, and
[0018] a moving element pressed against the frictional contact elements,
[0019] wherein the vibration element is configured to cause the frictional contact elements to elliptically vibrate in a ZX plane (in the Z direction and the –X direction) by applying alternating current voltage signals having a predetermined frequency to the piezoelectric element to causing a stretching vibration stretching and shrinking in the X direction and a bending vibration deforming in the Z direction, and
[0020] wherein the moving element is configured to move relatively to the frictional contact elements in a plane in the X direction (in the X direction and the –X direction) by the elliptical vibration of the frictional contact elements.
[0021] In the vibration motor of the present invention, the elastic element has a cuboid shape.
[0022] In the vibration motor of the present invention, the stretching vibration is a vibration in a primary stretching vibration mode of the vibration element, and the bending vibration is a vibration in a secondary bending vibration mode of the vibration element.
[0023] In the vibration motor of the present invention, the piezoelectric element has a shape of a planar cuboid shape, the piezoelectric element comprises two electrodes on a surface opposite to the first surface which is in contact with the elastic element, and the piezoelectric element is polarized in the Z direction.
[0024] In the vibration motor of the present invention, the frictional contact elements are disposed at or near both ends in the longitudinal direction of the elastic element.
[0025] The vibration motor of the present invention further comprises a support element configured to support the elastic element at portions corresponding to both of a node of the stretching vibration and a node of the bending vibration of the vibration element.
[0026] In the vibration motor of the present invention, a ratio of a dimension of the elastic element in a Y direction perpendicular to the X and Z directions to a dimension of the elastic element in the Z direction is larger than or equal to 1.5.
[0027] Alternatively, a vibration motor according to the present invention comprises:
[0028] a vibration element comprising:
[0029] an elastic element having a planar or rod shape and having a longitudinal direction in an X direction;
[0030] a piezoelectric element disposed on a first surface of the elastic element, the first surface having a normal in a Z direction perpendicular to the X direction (the first surface is parallel to the X direction) ; and
[0031] at least two frictional contact elements disposed on a second surface of the elastic element opposite to the first surface a Z direction and at or near both ends in the longitudinal direction of the elastic element; wherein the Z direction is a thickness direction of the elastic element, and the Z direction is perpendicular to the X direction, and
[0032] a moving element pressed against the frictional contact elements,
[0033] wherein the vibration element is configured to cause the frictional contact elements to elliptically vibrate in a ZX plane (in the Z direction and the –X direction) by applying alternating current voltage signals having a predetermined frequency to the piezoelectric element to cause a stretching vibration stretching and shrinking in the X direction and a bending vibration deforming in the Z direction, and
[0034] wherein the moving element is configured to move relatively to the frictional contact elements in a plane in the X direction (in the X direction and the –X direction) by the elliptical vibration of the frictional contact elements.
[0035] In the vibration motor of the present invention, the elastic element has a cuboid shape.
[0036] In the vibration motor of the present invention, the stretching vibration is a vibration in a primary stretching vibration mode of the vibration element, and the bending vibration is a vibration in a secondary bending vibration mode of the vibration element.
[0037] In the vibration motor of the present invention, the piezoelectric element has a shape of a planar cuboid shape, the piezoelectric element comprises two electrodes on a surface opposite to the first surface which is in contact with the elastic element, and the piezoelectric element is polarized in the Z direction.
[0038] In the vibration motor of the present invention, the frictional contact elements are edge lines of the elastic element where a surface of the elastic element having a normal in the Z direction and a surface of the elastic element having a normal in the X direction are in contact with each other, and the moving element is pressed against the frictional contact elements such that the moving element deforms in a convex manner toward the Z direction.
[0039] The vibration motor of the present invention further comprises a support element configured to support the elastic element at portions corresponding to both of a node of the stretching vibration and a node of the bending vibration of the vibration element.
[0040] In the vibration motor of the present invention, a ratio of a dimension of the elastic element in a Y direction perpendicular to the X and Z directions to a dimension of the elastic element in the Z direction is larger than or equal to 1.5.
[0041] Effect of Invention
[0042] The present invention advantageously provides a vibration motor having a smaller size. This allows for miniaturization of the device on which the vibration motor is implemented.
[0043] Figures
[0044] Figure 1 shows a side view of a vibration motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
[0045] Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the vibration motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0046] Figure 3 shows vibration modes of the vibration motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0047] Figure 4 shows a side view of an alternative example of the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0048] Figure 5 shows a planar view of a mechanism of supporting the vibration motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0049] Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the mechanism of supporting the vibration motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0050] Figure 7 shows a perspective view of another mechanism of supporting the vibration motor according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0051] Figure 8 shows a planar view of an alternative example of the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0052] Figure 9 shows a perspective view of a vibration motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
[0053] Figure 10 shows a side view of a vibration motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
[0054] Figure 11 shows a vibration motor according to a prior art.
[0055] Figure 12 shows a vibration motor according to a prior art.
[0056] Embodiments
[0057] A vibration motor according to the present invention comprises a vibration element and a moving element, wherein the vibration element comprises: an elastic element having a planar or rod shape; a piezoelectric element disposed on the elastic element; and at least two frictional contact elements disposed on the elastic element and wherein the moving element is pressed against the frictional contact elements. The vibration motor may comprise a support element for supporting the vibration element. The elastic element can vibrate in two vibration modes by alternating current (AC) voltage signals applied to electrodes disposed on the piezoelectric element. One of the vibration mode is a stretching vibration mode in which the elastic element stretches and shrinks in a longitudinal direction, and the other is a bending vibration mode in which the elastic element bends in a direction perpendicular to the stretching and shrinking direction of the stretching vibration mode. An ellipsoidal vibration can be caused on the frictional contact elements disposed on the elastic element by generating these two vibration modes in a manner that these vibration modes are superimposed with a temporal phase difference. The moving element pressed against the frictional contact elements moves relative to the vibration element by a friction force in a longitudinal direction of the vibration element. This results in a smaller space required by the vibration motor in a device in which the vibration motor is implemented, and results in minimizing the device in which the vibration motor is to be implemented.
[0058] (Embodiment 1)
[0059] Figure 1 shows a side view of a vibration motor 101 comprising a vibration element 102 and a moving element 104 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the vibration element 102. The vibration element 102 comprises an elastic element 106, a piezoelectric element 108, and at least two frictional contact elements 110. Means for supporting the vibration motor 101 is not shown in Figure 1.
[0060] The elastic element 106 has a planar or a rod shape, of which longitudinal direction is an X direction, and of which short direction is a Y direction. In some embodiments, the elastic element 106 may have a cuboid shape. In some embodiments, the elastic element 106 may be composed of, for example, an elastic material, or may be composed of, for example, a metal such as stainless steel (SUS) .
[0061] The piezoelectric element 108 is disposed on and bonded to a first surface 112 of the elastic element 106, the first surface 112 having a normal in a Z direction perpendicular to the X direction. The bonding may include, for example, adhesion using an adhesive, and welding using a solder or a brazing material, but not limited to these aspects. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric element 108 may have a planar cuboid shape. The piezoelectric element 108 may comprise two electrodes 114a, 114b on a surface opposite to the surface on which the elastic element 106 is disposed. AC voltage signals are applied to the electrodes 114a, 114b, respectively. A surface of the piezoelectric element 108 opposite to the surface on which the electrodes 114a, 114b are disposed may be kept at a ground potential. The piezoelectric element 108 may be polarized in the Z direction. The piezoelectric element 108 may be composed of, for example, a piezoelectric material such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT) .
[0062] The at least two frictional contact elements 110 may be disposed on a second surface 116 of the elastic element 106 opposite to the first surface 112. The frictional contact elements 110 may be disposed on both ends of the X direction of the elastic element 106 or adjacent to the ends. For example, the frictional contact elements 110 may have a structure protruding from the second surface 116 in the Z direction. The frictional contact elements 110 may have, for example, a cylindrical shape having a circular cross section, or a prismatic columnar shape having a polygonal cross section in an XY plane. Alternatively, the frictional contact elements 110 may has a conical or a polygonal pyramid shape, or a frustum shape of a cone or of a pyramid. Such a configuration may facilitate formation of the frictional contact elements 110, and may increase a frictional force working between the frictional contact elements 110 and the moving element 104.
[0063] Figure 3 shows vibration modes of the vibration element 102 in case that various types of AC voltage signals are applied to the electrodes 114a, 114b of the piezoelectric element 108. The vibration element 102 may vibrate in, for example, a primary stretching vibration mode shown in Figure 3 (a) and a secondary bending vibration mode shown in Figure 3 (b) . These vibration modes may have a primary resonant frequency and a secondary resonant frequency, respectively.
[0064] When AC voltage signals at the primary resonant frequency having the same phase and the same voltage are applied to the electrodes 114a, 114b, the vibration element 102 may stretch and shrink in the X direction alternatively at the primary resonant frequency as the dot pattern shown in Figure 3 (a) , and vibrates in the primary stretching vibration mode. A node 302 of the primary vibration mode locates at a center of the vibration element 102, and a displacement due to the vibration does not occur at the node 302.
[0065] When AC voltage signals at the secondary resonant frequency in the antiphase and having the same voltage are applied to the electrodes 114a, 114b, respectively, the vibration element 102 may cause a bending movement at the secondary resonant frequency such that the both ends of the vibration element 102 in the longitudinal direction displaces opposite to each other in the Z direction as shown in Figure 3 (b) . Such a vibration may be the secondary bending vibration mode. The node 302 is also a node of the secondary bending vibration mode.
[0066] The resonant frequency of the primary stretching vibration mode and the resonant frequency of the secondary stretching vibration mode are substantially inversely proportional to a length of the vibration element 102 (a dimension in the X direction) . The resonant frequency of the primary stretching vibration mode is not significantly dependent on a width (a dimension in the Y direction) and a thickness (a dimension in the Z direction) of the vibration element 102. On the other hand, the resonant frequency of the secondary bending vibration mode is not significantly dependent on the width of the vibration element 102, but is substantially proportional to the thickness of the vibration element 102. Thus, it is possible to choose an appropriate thickness of the vibration element 102 and to substantially match the resonant frequency of the primary stretching vibration mode and the resonant frequency of the secondary bending vibration mode of the vibration element 102 by utilizing the knowledge that these two resonant frequencies vary in a different manner when the thickness of the vibration element 102 is varied. For example, it is assumed that the length, the width, and the thickness of the piezoelectric element 108 composed of PZT are 3 mm, 1 mm, and 0.3 mm, respectively, and that the length, the width, and the thickness of the elastic element 106 composed of the stainless steel are 3 mm, 1 mm, and 0.66 mm, respectively. In this case, both of the resonant frequencies of the primary stretching vibration mode and the secondary bending vibration mode are 745 kHz and match each other. These dimensions and the resonant frequencies are merely a design variations. The dimensions and the resonant frequencies can be appropriately selected such that the resonant frequency of the primary stretching vibration mode and the resonant frequency of the secondary bending vibration mode match each other at a preferable value in response to properties such as a size and a material of the vibration motor, operational properties of the vibration motor, and a device on which the vibration motor is implemented.
[0067] An ellipsoidal vibration of the frictional contact elements 110 of the vibration element 102 can be caused in a ZX plane by causing these two vibration modes at the same time with 90 degrees of the temporal phase difference. In other words, the AC voltage signals in the same phase and the AC voltage signals in the antiphase are applied to the electrodes 114a, 114b with 90 degrees of the temporal phase difference in a superimposed manner. These AC voltage signals cause the vibration in the primary stretching vibration mode which vibrates the frictional contact elements 110 substantially in the X direction shown in Figure 3 (a) and the vibration in the secondary bending vibration mode which vibrates the frictional contact elements 110 substantially in the Z direction shown in Figure 3 (b) with 90 degrees of the temporal phase difference in a superimposed manner, and the synthesized vibration of the two vibration modes is an ellipsoidal vibration in the ZX plane.
[0068] The moving element 104 pressed against the frictional contact elements 110, which causes the ellipsoidal vibration, moves in the X direction by the frictional force applied from the frictional contact elements 110 to transmit a driving force to outside by an output transmission member which is not shown and is coupled to the moving element 104. The stretching vibration mode among the vibration modes of the vibration element 102 of the vibration motor of the present invention contributes to the movement of the moving element 104. Therefore, the frictional contact elements 110 do not need to have a function of amplifying the vibration like a conventional vibration motor as shown in Figure 11. The purpose of the protruding structure of the frictional contact elements 110 is to limit the transmission of the driving force caused by the ellipsoidal vibration to the portions in contact with the moving element 104. Since the function of amplifying the vibration is not necessary, the length of the frictional contact elements 110 in the Z direction may be minimized as long as a contact between the moving element 104 and the elastic element 106 can be avoided. In other words, the increase of the thickness of the vibration element 102 due to the frictional contact elements 110 is minimized.
[0069] Alternatively, when the AC voltage signal in the same phase and the AC voltage signals in the antiphase are applied in a superimposed manner such that the temporal phase difference is -90 degrees, the rotation direction of the ellipsoidal vibration is inverted. Therefore, the moving element 104 can be moved in a –X direction. A reciprocal movement of the moving element 104 in the X direction can be realized in this way. For example, in an embodiment in which the moving element 104 is fixed and the vibration element 102 is moved with respect to the moving element 104 as shown in Figure 4, the vibration element 102 moves in a longitudinal direction of the vibration element 102 having a substantial cuboid shape. Therefore, a small area surrounded by a dot line shown in Figure 4 is the space required for the vibration motor 101 of the present application including a space through which the vibration element 102 passes. In addition, the vibration element is thin and small, and a space in a device occupied by the vibration motor of the present invention is small, which thus achieve miniaturization of the device.
[0070] Next, a method for supporting a vibration element of the present invention will be discussed. Support of the vibration element preferably does not prevent vibration in a vibration mode for driving, and preferably has stiffness with respect to a driving direction such that a position of the vibration element is not varied by a reactive force of the driving force. Nodes of a vibration in a vibration mode for driving force are commonly supported as a method not preventing the vibration. However, many vibration motors utilize a plurality of vibration modes such as the vibration motor 101 of the present invention. Therefore, positions for supporting the vibration elements are preferably nodes of any of the plurality of vibration modes.
[0071] In the present invention, the node of the primary stretching vibration mode and the node of the secondary bending vibration mode of the vibration element 102 match the node 302 shown in Figure 3. Therefore, the vibration element 102 of the present invention is preferably supported at the node 302.
[0072] Figure 5 shows a planar view of a method for supporting the vibration motor 101 shown in Figures 1 to 4. Figure 6 shows a perspective view of the method for supporting the vibration motor 101 shown in Figures 1 to 4. A support element 502 for supporting the vibration element 102 comprises a base 504 and at least two supporting arms 506 having a rod shape and extending from the base 504. A supporting member 508 is disposed at the end of each of the supporting arms 506 and perpendicularly extends from the supporting arm 506. The supporting members 508 are in contact with fix points 510, 512 of a third surface 514 and a fourth surface 516 of the vibration element 102. Each of the third surface 514 and the fourth surface 516 has a normal in the Y direction. The fix points 510, 512 correspond to the nodes 302 of the primary stretching vibration mode and the secondary bending vibration mode of the vibration element 102. For example, the support element 502 has a thin plate shape and is composed of phosphor bronze. The base 504, the supporting arms 506, and the supporting members 508 of the support element 502 may extend in the XY plane. Therefore, the support element 502 may be easily fabricated from one plate. Two holes 518 for fixture may be provided on the base 504. For example, screws are inserted into the holes 518 for fixture, and the base 504 may be jointed to a fixture member not shown to fix and to support the vibration element 102.
[0073] The supporting members 508 may be jointed to the vibration element 102 at the fix points 510, 512. For example, the joint may be installed by adhesion using an adhesive or by welding using a solder or a brazing material, but not limited to these schemes. Since the fix points 510, 512 correspond to the nodes of the primary stretching vibration mode and the secondary bending vibration mode of the vibration element 102, the supporting members 508 do not prevent the vibration modes of the vibration element 102. Alternatively, without using adhesion or welding, the vibration element 102 may be mechanically supported. For example, dimples may be provided at the fix points 501, 512, and a separation between the two supporting member 508 may be smaller than a separation between bottoms of the dimples at the fix points 510, 512. In this case, the supporting members 508 may fit in the dimples and may mechanically fix and support the vibration element 102. Therefore, the vibration motor 101 may be easily assembled. Furthermore, the configuration shown in Figures 5 and 6 has an advantage of not increasing the thickness (the dimension in the Z direction) of the vibration motor.
[0074] Figure 7 shows a perspective view of another method for supporting the vibration motor 101 shown in Figures 1 to 4. The support element 702 comprises a base 704 and at least two supporting arms 706 having a rod shape and extending from the base 704. A supporting member 708 is disposed at the end of each of the supporting arms 706 and perpendicularly extends from the supporting arm 706. The support element 702 is different from the support element 502 shown in Figures 5 and 6 in a point in which the supporting arms 706 extend from the base 704 in the Z direction. The vibration element 102 is supported by the supporting members 708 in a similar manner to the support element 502 discussed with reference to Figures 5 and 6, and therefore the supporting method is not explained in detail.
[0075] Since the base 704 of the support element 702 shown in Figure 7 is positioned under the vibration element 102 in the Z direction, it is advantageous that a projection area of the vibration motor 101 on the XY plane becomes smaller although the dimension in the Z direction is larger.
[0076] As discussed above, support element may be jointed to portions of a vibration element corresponding to nodes of a primary stretching vibration mode and a secondary bending vibration mode. A shape of the support element may be selected in response to a device on which the vibration motor of the present invention is implemented.
[0077] The vibration motor 101 of the present invention causes an ellipsoidal vibration in a bending direction, in other words, a thickness direction of the vibration motor 101 on the frictional contact elements 110 disposed at or adjacent to the ends of the elastic element 106 by causing a primary stretching vibration mode, in which the vibration element 102 stretches and shrinks in a longitudinal direction, and a secondary bending vibration mode, in which the vibration element 102 bends in a direction perpendicular to the stretching direction of the primary stretching vibration mode, at the same time with a temporal phase difference. The moving element 104 pressed against the frictional contact elements 110 moves in the longitudinal direction relatively to the vibration element 102 by a friction force caused by the ellipsoidal vibration of the frictional contact elements 110. This results in a thin and small vibration element. Furthermore, this results in a smaller space required by the vibration motor in a device in which the vibration motor is implemented, and results in minimization of the device in which the vibration motor is implemented.
[0078] In the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 4, the polarization of the piezoelectric element 108 is identical in the Z direction across the entire surface. Furthermore, the dividing pattern of the electrode provides two electrodes 114a, 114b as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Therefore, the vibration motor 101 causes the vibrations in the primary stretching vibration mode and the secondary bending vibration mode by applying AC voltage signals causing the primary stretching vibration mode and the secondary bending vibration mode to the electrodes 114a, 114b in a superimposed manner. However, the pattern of the polarization of the piezoelectric element, the pattern of dividing the electrodes, and the method of applying the AC voltage signals are not limited to these aspects, and is it sufficient that vibrations of the primary stretching vibration mode and the secondary bending vibration mode are simultaneously caused.
[0079] Figure 8 shows a piezoelectric element 808 of a vibration motor 801 having five electrodes of another embodiment. Polarizations of the piezoelectric element 808 in a thickness direction in regions of electrodes 814a to 814c are opposite to polarizations of the piezoelectric element 808 in a thickness direction in regions of electrodes 814d and 814e. When an AC voltage signal is applied to a terminal Va, a stretching vibration is produced across the whole piezoelectric element 808 in the X direction at the same phase, vibration in the primary stretching vibration mode is caused. When an AC voltage signal is applied to a terminal Vb, a stretching vibration is produced in the regions of the electrodes 814b and 814c has a phase opposite to stretching vibration caused in the regions of the electrodes 814d and 814e, vibration in the secondary bending vibration mode is caused. In other embodiments, stacked piezoelectric element may cause a similar effect. Any electrode patterns, polarization patterns of the piezoelectric element, and methods of applying AC voltage signals may be employed as long as vibration in the primary stretching vibration mode and vibration in the secondary bending vibration mode can be caused at the same time.
[0080] Furthermore, the stretching vibration mode and the bending vibration mode may not be limited to the primary vibration and the secondary vibration, respectively. Any other order vibration modes may be employed as long as an ellipsoidal vibration can be caused in the ZX plane.
[0081] In addition, the shape of the elastic element 106 may not be limited to the cuboid shape. The elastic element 106 may have a shape such that a stretching vibration causes a stretch and a shrink in the X direction, and a bending vibration causes a displacement in the Z direction. For example, the elastic element 106 may have an octagonal cross section which is obtained by beveling edges of a cuboid shape.
[0082] (Embodiment 2)
[0083] Figure 9 shows a perspective view of a vibration element 902 of a vibration motor 901 of a second embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 (a) shows the vibration element 902 from a side on which a piezoelectric element 108 is provided. Figure 9 (b) shows the vibration element 902 from a side on which frictional contact elements 110 are provided. Designations identical to those in the vibration motor 101 of the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 indicate identical components. Components not shown are also provided similarly to the vibration motor 101 of the first embodiment. Although a dimension of the vibration element 902 of the second embodiment in a Y direction, in other words, a width is larger than the width of the vibration element 102 of the first embodiment, other configurations are similar to those of the first embodiment. Although the width of the vibration element 102 is substantially the same as the thickness (a dimension in a Z direction) of the vibration element 102 in the first embodiment, a ratio of the width with respect to the thickness is about 3 in the second embodiment.
[0084] In general, the larger a volume of a vibration element, the larger a vibration energy of the vibration element, and an output of a vibration motor can be increased. A larger vibration energy of the vibration element provides advantages in which the vibration element is less affected from a disturbance and can be easily controlled.
[0085] As discussed in the first embodiment, a resonant frequency of a primary stretching vibration mode and a resonant frequency of a secondary bending vibration mode do not significantly depend on a width of a vibration element. Therefore, even if the width of the vibration element 902 of the second embodiment is larger than the thickness, the vibration element 902 can be designed such that the resonant frequencies of the two vibration mode match each other. This results in an ellipsoidal vibration as discussed in the first embodiment. The volume of the vibration element 902 can be increased by making the width larger as long as a layout of a device, on which the vibration motor is implemented, allows. Therefore, a vibration motor, which has a larger output, is less affected by a disturbance, and is easily controlled, can be obtained.
[0086] In the second embodiment shown in Figure 9, the ratio of the width with respect to the thickness is about 3, but is not limited to this value. For example, the ratio larger than or equal to 1.5 is advantageous because a larger output can be obtained.
[0087] (Embodiment 3)
[0088] Figure 10 shows a side view of a vibration motor 1001 of a third embodiment of the present invention. Designations identical to those of the vibration motor 101 of the first embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 2 indicate identical components. Hereinafter, differences from the first embodiment will be discussed.
[0089] A configuration corresponding to protruded frictional contact elements 110 of the first embodiment is not provided to the vibration element 102. Since a moving element 1004 is pressed against the elastic element 106, the moving element 1004 deforms and bends in a convex manner toward the Z direction. The moving element 1004 is in contact with the ends of the elastic element 106 in the X direction. Therefore, the ends of the elastic elements 106 in the X direction, or more specifically, edges between surfaces of the elastic element 106 having a normal in the Z direction and surfaces of the elastic element 106 having a normal in the X direction work as frictional contact elements 1010.
[0090] In the vibration motor 1001 having such a configuration, when AC voltage signals explained in the first embodiment are applied to electrodes 114a, 114b of a piezoelectric element 108, ellipsoidal vibrations of the frictional contact elements 1010 are produced in the ZX plane. Therefore, the moving element 1004 pressed against the frictional contact elements 1010 moves in the X direction with respect to the vibration element 102 by a friction force. As such, even if frictional contact elements do not have a protruded structure, ends of a vibration element in a longitudinal direction can work as frictional contact elements, and this may make the fabrication of the vibration element easier.
[0091] As discussed with reference to Figures 1 to 10, the vibration motor of the present invention does not require a large space in a device on which the vibration motor is implemented, and therefore the device can be miniaturized. Therefore, the vibration motor of the present invention is available for a small portable device.
[0092] Although the embodiments of the present invention were illustratively described, those skilled in the art may easily understand that various modifications and changes are available without deviating from the spirit and the scope of the present invention.
[0093] Designations
[0094] 101: Vibration motor
[0095] 102: Vibration element
[0096] 104: Moving element
[0097] 106: Elastic element
[0098] 108: Piezoelectric element
[0099] 110: Frictional contact element
[0100] 112: First surface
[0101] 114a, 114b: Electrode
[0102] 116: Second surface
[0103] 302: Node
[0104] 502: Support element
[0105] 504: Base
[0106] 506: Supporting arm
[0107] 508: Supporting member
[0108] 510, 512: Fix point
[0109] 514: Third surface
[0110] 516: Fourth surface
[0111] 518: Hole for fixture
[0112] 702: Support element
[0113] 704: Base
[0114] 706: Supporting arm
[0115] 708: Supporting member
[0116] 801: Vibration motor
[0117] 808: Piezoelectric element
[0118] 814a to 814e: Electrode
[0119] 901: Vibration motor
[0120] 902: Vibration element
[0121] 1001: Vibration motor
[0122] 1004: Moving element
[0123] 1010: Frictional contact element
[0124] 1101: Vibration motor
[0125] 1102: Vibration element
[0126] 1104: Moving element
[0127] 1106: Elastic element
[0128] 1108: Piezoelectric element
[0129] 1110, 1112: Frictional contact element
[0130] 1114: Electrode
[0131] 1202: Vibration element
[0132] 1204: Planar support
Claims
1.A vibration motor comprising:a vibration element; comprising:an elastic element having a planar or rod shape and having a longitudinal direction in an X direction;a piezoelectric element disposed on on a first surface of the elastic element, the first surface is parallel to the X direction; andat least two frictional contact elements protruding from a second surface of the elastic element, the second surface is a surface opposite to the first surface in a Z direction, wherein the Z direction is a thickness direction of the elastic element, and the Z direction is perpendicular to the X direction, anda moving element pressed against the frictional contact elements,wherein the vibration element is configured to cause the frictional contact elements to generate a stretching vibration that stretching and shrinking in the X direction and a bending vibration that deforming in the Z direction by applying alternating current voltage signals having a predetermined frequency to the piezoelectric element, andwherein the moving element is configured to move relatively to the frictional contact elements in a plane in the X direction by the vibration of the frictional contact elements.2.The vibration motor according to Claim 1, wherein the elastic element has a cuboid shape.3.The vibration motor according to Claim 1 or 2,wherein the stretching vibration is a vibration in a primary stretching vibration mode of the vibration element, andwherein the bending vibration is a vibration in a secondary bending vibration mode of the vibration element.4.The vibration motor according to any one of Claims 1-3,wherein the piezoelectric element has a shape of a planar cuboid shape,wherein the piezoelectric element comprises two electrodes on a surface opposite to the first surface which is in contact with the elastic element, andwherein the piezoelectric element is polarized in the Z direction.5.The vibration motor according to any one of Claims 1-4, wherein the frictional contact elements are disposed at or near both ends in the longitudinal direction of the elastic element.6.The vibration motor according to any one of Claims 1-5, further comprising a support element configured to support the elastic element at portions corresponding to both of a node of the stretching vibration and a node of the bending vibration of the vibration element.7.The vibration motor according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, wherein a ratio of a dimension of the elastic element in a Y direction perpendicular to the X and Z directions to a dimension of the elastic element in the Z direction is larger than or equal to 1.5.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Linear vibration actuator utilizing combined bending and longitudinal vibration modes
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Vibration motor having a two-phase drive of a longitudinal vibration and a bending vibration mode
US5932952A