Shaft construction

Abstract

The invention relates to a shaft structure constructed in a prefabricated manner from stacked, mutually fixable precast concrete components, comprising a vertical elevator shaft and an escape staircase arranged on the outside of the elevator shaft. The structure comprises a plurality of shaft elements (3-3c), each laterally surrounding a shaft section of the elevator shaft with boundary walls, platform elements (2-2h) arranged between each pair of shaft elements (3-3c), and staircase elements (1) connecting the platform elements (2-2h).The platform elements (2 - 2h) each have a support section (13 - 13d) with support legs aligned with at least some of the boundary walls of the adjacent shaft elements (3 - 3c), as well as a platform (14 - 14d) projecting outward therefrom, which is provided with a support (15) for supporting one of the stair elements (1) or with two mutually offset supports (15) for supporting two stair elements (1) leading to adjacent platforms (14). The invention is characterized in that the platform elements (2 - 2h) each rest with the support legs of their support section (13 - 13d) on at least some of the boundary walls of the shaft element (3 - 3c) located below, wherein the respective boundary walls are directly and firmly screwed to the supporting legs resting thereon.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a shaft structure which is constructed in prefabricated construction from prefabricated concrete components which are placed one on top of the other and can be fixed to one another, and which has a vertical elevator shaft and an escape staircase which is preferably arranged circumferentially on the outside of the elevator shaft, according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] Such a shaft structure has already been proposed in the German utility model DE 20 2020 005 022 U1, where the previously required steel staircase structure was replaced by parts of the precast concrete construction.

[0003] It has proven to be problematic to correctly align the precast concrete components that are to be stacked on top of each other during the assembly of the shaft structure and to secure them against shifting or slipping during the further course of assembly.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention is based on the object of simplifying the assembly of a shaft structure of the generic type made of prefabricated concrete components.

[0005] This problem is solved by the features of claim 1.

[0006] The shaft structure according to the invention comprises a plurality of shaft elements, each laterally surrounding a shaft section of the elevator shaft with boundary walls, platform elements arranged between each two shaft elements, and stair elements connecting the platform elements, which are designed as precast concrete components. The platform elements each comprise a support section with supporting legs that lie flush between at least some of the boundary walls of the adjacent shaft elements at the top and bottom, as well as a platform projecting outwardly therefrom, which is provided with a support for supporting one of the stair elements, or with two mutually offset supports for supporting two stair elements that lead to adjacent platforms of the next higher and next lower platform element.

[0007] The invention is characterized in that the platform elements rest with the supporting legs of their support sections on at least part of the boundary walls of the shaft element located below, with the respective boundary walls of the lower shaft element being directly and firmly screwed to the supporting legs of the supporting platform element. Of course, it would also be conceivable to screw the platform elements to the respective shaft elements arranged above them.

[0008] Regardless of how the final assembly of the shaft structure is carried out, for example by bracing all shaft elements and platform elements using continuous tension rods, the alignment of the platform element, which is placed on a subordinate shaft element, with a tilt-proof tension connection by means of the screw connection is much easier to achieve during assembly, which at least largely eliminates the need for the support or formwork previously required.

[0009] In addition, by screwing the platform elements to the shaft element below them, it is now possible to design the platform elements with a diagonally projecting platform at only one angle at a shaft corner, something that was previously impossible due to the required support effort. The possibility of using such platform elements with a diagonally projecting platform between two floors of the elevator shaft now makes it possible to bridge even larger height differences while maintaining a comfortable stair gradient.

[0010] Advantageous further training is the subject of the subclaims.

[0011] It has proven particularly advantageous to use turnbuckles for screwing the platform elements to the shaft element located below them. These turnbuckles are each arranged in an associated wall niche, advantageously in the area of ​​the boundary walls on which the supporting legs of the support section of the respective platform section rest. It is preferred if a screw connection is provided on at least two opposite boundary walls or support legs. For this purpose, aligned, concreted-in threaded bushings can be provided on the shaft element side in the upper area of ​​the respective boundary wall and on the platform element side in the area of ​​the supporting leg of the support section, which can be engaged with screws of the associated turnbuckle.The wall recesses in which the turnbuckles are located are preferably accessible from the front of the boundary wall and from the adjacent side flank of the associated boundary wall, as long as the platform element has not yet been installed. After the platform element has been installed, the wall recess is then only accessible from the side flank, preferably from the inside of the shaft, thus providing weather protection for the turnbuckles.

[0012] The turnbuckles can then each have a hollow body which is open on the side flank of the associated wall niche and which is provided with a through-hole at the top and bottom for the screws which can be brought into engagement with the threaded bushings, wherein the screws have a head which can be supported or is supported on the edge of the associated through-hole, so that the platform element placed on the subordinate shaft element can be firmly clamped to the subordinate shaft element.

[0013] The through-holes can be designed as elongated holes so that no excessively tight tolerances have to be maintained when placing the platform element, whereby the screw heads can also be assigned washers, by means of which they are supported on the edge of the associated through-hole, so that secure support is still achieved.

[0014] The shaft structure can advantageously comprise differently designed platform elements, namely at least one of the angled platforms already mentioned above with a platform projecting diagonally from the shaft only in the area of ​​one shaft corner beyond both boundary walls adjacent to the shaft corner, for example at the level of the shaft between two floors, and a platform element whose platform projects from the shaft on one side and extends beyond both adjacent shaft corners, for example at the level of the floor of a floor of the elevator shaft where a door opening of the elevator shaft is provided. Furthermore, a gallery platform element can also be provided, for example, on the top floor of the elevator shaft, whose platform projects from the shaft on three sides, thus forming a multi-sided gallery.This landing element could also be cantilevered on four sides, but in order to connect the stair element leading downwards, the section of the cantilever provided with the support for the stair element is arranged in a diagonal corner area.

[0015] As already mentioned above, it is advantageous if at least one of the platform elements designed as an angled platform element is arranged at a height between two floors or floors of the elevator shaft and thus forms an intermediate floor platform element, which allows the bridging of greater floor heights by creating a stair element leading downwards and an stair element leading upwards with a pleasant stair gradient, so that greater floor heights or even floors can be overcome in this way without exiting the elevator shaft.

[0016] If the mezzanine platform element is to be used on a floor of the elevator shaft where an exit from the elevator shaft is provided, i.e., a door opening, the support section of the mezzanine platform element can not have four support legs enclosing the elevator shaft on all four sides, but advantageously only has three support legs that surround the elevator shaft on three sides, so that the fourth, open side of the support section can be assigned to the door opening of the elevator shaft on this floor. The fourth, open side of the support section is advantageously located on a side facing away from the diagonally projecting angled platform.If, however, the central platform is to be used at a height section of the shaft section that is to be closed on all four sides, the support section of the intermediate floor platform element can also have a four-leg, closed support leg arrangement surrounding the rectangular elevator shaft.

[0017] To simplify the transport of the platform elements to the construction site, it may be useful if at least one of the platform elements, for example the particularly large gallery platform element, consists of two prefabricated flat concrete components, with each prefabricated flat concrete component being firmly bolted directly to the shaft element below it in a way that prevents it from tipping over. For this purpose, each of the two prefabricated flat concrete components advantageously has at least one of the supporting legs of the girder section to which it can be screwed to the shaft element below it. It is also advantageous if the two prefabricated flat concrete components are also firmly bolted to one another, preferably in the manner suggested above with a number of turnbuckles. It would also be conceivable for platform elements to consist of more than two prefabricated flat concrete components.Furthermore, it would be conceivable to manufacture the shaft elements from individual concrete slabs, which are then screwed together in a rectangular shape.

[0018] Advantageous developments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments of the invention shown in the accompanying drawings. They show: Fig. 1 shows a shaft structure according to a first embodiment of the invention in perspective view; Figs. 2 and 3 show sections from the Figure 1 shown shaft structure in exploded view; Fig. 4 a turnbuckle used for screwing the platform elements to the shaft elements of the shaft structure of the previous figures, see detail IV in Figure 3 ; Fig. 5 a sectional view in the area of ​​detail IV during the assembly of the shaft structure; Fig. 6 a view at the top floor of the Figure 1shown shaft structure; Fig. 7 an alternative gallery platform element; Fig. 8 a gallery platform element between the top floor and the second top floor of the Figure 1 shown shaft structure; and Fig. 9 an intermediate floor platform element installed on the first and second floors of the Figure 1 Floor platform element installed in the shaft structure shown.

[0019] The Figure 1 The shaft structure shown comprises an elevator shaft with a surrounding staircase, in particular an escape staircase. The elevator shaft extends over four floors, stands on a base plate 4 and is closed at the top by a cover plate 5. In the basement, the elevator door is located on the Figure 1not visible side. However, the structure of the shaft element 3 forming the basement can correspond to that of the shaft element 3 forming the top floor, which encloses the elevator shaft on three sides with boundary elements and provides a door opening 6. The floor at the exit of the door opening 6 of the top floor is formed by a gallery platform element 2 that projects over the elevator shaft on three sides.

[0020] On the diagonally projecting section of the platform element 2 in the corner area, a support for a stair element 1 is provided, which, although only its uppermost surface is visible there, can correspond in structure to the other precast concrete stair elements 1 installed in the shaft structure 1. Unlike in the basement and on the top floor, the shaft sections of the elevator shaft in the area of ​​the intermediate floors are not enclosed by a single-piece shaft element, but by several shaft elements and intermediate intermediate floor platform elements.

[0021] Thus, beneath the gallery platform slab 2, a shaft element 3a is arranged which surrounds the elevator shaft on four sides and simultaneously forms the lintel for a door opening 7 on the second-highest floor. Below this, there is an intermediate floor platform element 2a with a Figure 1 not recognizable angle platform, which is on the Figure 1diagonally projecting from the corner concealed by the elevator shaft, and also supporting the staircase element 1 adjacent to the gallery platform element 2. A shaft element 3b is in turn subordinate to this intermediate floor platform element 2a, so that the intermediate floor platform element 2a is clamped between the two shaft elements 3a, 3b. Between the shaft element 3b and a shaft element 3c located below it, another intermediate floor platform element 2b is clamped, which also has a diagonally projecting angled platform, but on a side offset by 90° from the angled platform of the intermediate floor platform element 2a, so that, as can be seen in particular in the exploded view in Figure 3 can be seen, another of the stair elements 1 leads from the angled landing of the intermediate floor landing element 2a to the angled landing of the intermediate floor landing element 2b.

[0022] The intermediate floor platform element 2b is in the Figure 8shown in detail. There, one can see the support section 13 with its three support arms and the angled platform 14 projecting diagonally from it, on which two supports 15 are provided for the two stair elements 1, which lead upwards and downwards from the intermediate floor platform element 2b.

[0023] Representing all in Figure 1 The shaft and platform elements used in the shaft structure shown are Figure 8 The angled platform element 2b shown in the individual illustration has vertical through-holes 16 in the corner areas of the wall areas surrounding the elevator shaft. After the shaft structure has been erected, anchor rods can be passed through these through-holes 16 to brace the individual elements together during final assembly.

[0024] During assembly, however, it is important to quickly and easily secure a platform element placed on a subordinate shaft element with a cantilevered platform that is therefore prone to tipping to the subordinate shaft element. For this purpose, the attached platform elements are directly screwed to the respective subordinate shaft element using turnbuckles 8, of which Figure 4 one is shown in detail, namely that of detail IV in Figure 2 Turnbuckle 8 taken out represents all other parts in the Figures 2 and 3 clearly visible turnbuckles 8, but also for all other screws used to screw the platform elements of the shaft structure of the Figure 1 turnbuckles 8 used on the subordinate shaft elements. The turnbuckle 8 has a hollow body or a housing which is mounted on the shaft in the installation situation ( Figure 2) is open on the side facing the inside of the elevator shaft and its upper and lower walls are each penetrated by a through-hole. For the turnbuckle 8 or for all turnbuckles 8, a wall niche 12 is required, see Figure 5 , provided in the upper boundary wall area of ​​the shaft element subordinate to one of the platform elements. The wall niche 12 is recessed or accessible from the front side and an adjacent side flank of the boundary wall of the shaft element.

[0025] As the Figure 5 based on the gallery platform element 2 placed on the shaft element 3a and the Figure 2As shown in the turnbuckle 8 designated in detail IV, the shaft elements below the wall niches 12 are provided with threaded bushings 11 cast into their boundary wall, as are the platform elements on their support section above the wall niches 12, so that the threaded bushings 11 on the platform elements and the associated threaded bushings 11 on the shaft elements are aligned with each other after the respective platform element has been placed on the shaft element below, as Figure 5 during the placement of the gallery platform element 2 onto the shaft element 3a. In this situation, the Figure 4Guide the screws 9 shown in detail, provided with washers 10, through the through-holes of the turnbuckle 8 and screw them to the threaded bushings 11, so that a secure bracing of the attached platform element can be created on the shaft element located below and additional support of the platform element against tipping over due to the weight of the cantilevered platform during assembly can be omitted.

[0026] Continue in Figure 1 Starting from the intermediate floor platform element 2b, one of the staircase elements 1 leads downwards and connects there to a Figure 9shown in detail, wherein the floor platform element 2c is located below a further, U-shaped shaft element 3b assigned to the door opening of the second-highest floor. Accordingly, the floor platform element 2c has a support section 13a, which, together with the platform 14a projecting therefrom, completely encloses the elevator shaft. The platform 14a projects over the support section 13a on three sides, namely on the side assigned to the door opening 7, and in the diagonal angle area on the two sides flanking the door opening 7, where the platform 14a is in turn provided with supports 15 for one of the stair elements 1.

[0027] On the floor below doorway 7 of the Figure 1In the shaft structure shown, no elevator door is optionally provided. Accordingly, the shaft elements 3c there are provided with four boundary walls that vertically delimit the elevator shaft, but otherwise correspond, particularly with regard to the arrangement of the corresponding turnbuckles 8, to the U-shaped shaft elements 3b from the floor above. Starting from the floor platform element 2c at the bottom of the door opening 7, stair elements 1 supported by intermediate floor platform elements 2d, 2e lead to the next lower floor platform element 2c, which is structurally identical to the one from the floor above. In contrast to the intermediate floor platform elements 2a, 2b, which have a U-shaped support section 13 consisting of three support legs ( Figure 8), the intermediate floor platform elements 2d, 2e have a support section consisting of four circumferential support legs, since there is no door opening. However, the support legs of the support section of the two intermediate floor platform elements 2d, 2e are provided with threaded bushings 11 ( Figure 5 ) so that they can be screwed directly to the shaft element 3c located underneath.

[0028] The Figure 7 shows a two-part version of the Figure 6 shown in detail, which has a platform 14b projecting from its support section 13b on three sides. Figure 7The two-part variant of the gallery platform element shown consists of two platform element parts 2f, 2h, which, when joined together, form the same shape as the gallery platform element 2, but due to the smaller flat concrete components 2f, 2h, enable easier transport to the construction site. The two platform element parts 2f, 2h can in turn be screwed together using turnbuckles 8 arranged in their joint area and each have support leg sections 13c, 13d, which together form the support section 13c, 13d of the gallery platform element 13f, 13h, as well as areas 14c, 14d, which together form the platform 14c, 14d of the gallery platform element 2f, 2h. In the same way, other platform elements of the shaft structure could also be designed in two or more parts.

[0029] Advantageous variations and modifications of the embodiments shown are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0030] This could be the case in Figure 1 The shaft structure shown could easily have significantly more floors, each with or without doorways. The staircase leading to the basement or lowest floor could, in contrast to the illustration shown, not be designed as a continuous staircase across the entire floor, but instead be routed around the elevator shaft using additional intermediate floor landing elements.

Claims

1. Shaft structure which is constructed in prefabricated construction from prefabricated concrete components which are placed one on top of the other and can be fixed to one another, and which has a vertical elevator shaft and an escape staircase arranged on the outside of the elevator shaft, wherein a plurality of shaft elements (3 - 3c) each laterally surrounding a shaft section of the elevator shaft with boundary walls, platform elements (2 - 2h) arranged between each two shaft elements (3 - 3c), and staircase elements (1) connecting the platform elements (2 - 2h) are provided, and wherein the platform elements (2 - 2h) each have a support section (13 - 13d) with supporting legs which are aligned at least on some of the boundary walls of the adjacent shaft elements (3 - 3c), as well as a platform (14 - 14d) projecting outwards therefrom, which platform is provided with a support (15) for supporting one of the staircase elements (1), or with two mutually offset supports (15) for Supporting two stair elements (1),which lead to adjacent platforms (14), characterized in that the platform elements (2 - 2h) rest with the supporting legs of their support section (13 - 13d) on at least part of the boundary walls of the shaft element (3 - 3c) located underneath, wherein the respective boundary walls are directly and firmly screwed to the supporting legs resting thereon.

2. Shaft structure according to claim 1, characterized in thatTo form the screw connection of the platform elements (2 - 2h) with the shaft element (3 - 3f) located underneath, there are provided, on the box element side, in the upper area of ​​the boundary walls and on the platform element side, in the area of ​​the support section (13 - 13d), concreted, aligned threaded bushings (11) which can be engaged with screws (9) of a respectively assigned turnbuckle (8) which is placed in an assigned wall niche (12) which is accessible from the front side and an adjoining side flank of the assigned boundary wall.

3. Shaft structure according to one of the preceding claims 1 and 2, characterized in thatthe turnbuckles (8) each have a hollow body which is open on the side flank of the associated wall niche (12) and which is provided at the top and bottom with a through-hole for the screws (9) which can be brought into engagement with the threaded bushings (11), the screws (9) having a head which can be supported on the edge of the associated through-hole.

4. Shaft structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall niches (12) of the shaft elements (3 - 3f) assigned to the turnbuckles (8) are accessible from the inside of the shaft.

5. Shaft structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the through-holes are designed as elongated holes.

6. Shaft structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that washers (10) are assigned to the screw heads, by means of which they are supported on the edge of the associated through-hole.

7. Shaft structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft structure comprises differently designed platform elements (2 - 2h), namely at least one platform element (2a; 2b) whose platform (14) projects as an angle platform from the shaft only in the area of ​​one shaft corner over both boundary walls adjacent to the shaft corner, and / or at least one platform element (2c) whose platform (14a) projects from the shaft on one side and extends beyond both adjacent shaft corners and / or at least one gallery platform element (2c; 2e, 2f) whose platform (14b; 14c, 14d) projects from the shaft on three sides.

8. Shaft structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatin at least one (2a, 2b) of the platform elements (2 - 2h) whose platform (14) is designed as an angled platform and which projects from a corner of the associated support arrangement (13), the platform element is an intermediate floor platform element arranged at a height between two floors of the elevator shaft.

9. Shaft structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the support section (13) of at least one intermediate floor platform element has a three-leg arrangement of the support legs which runs around the elevator shaft on three sides and the support sections (13a; 13b; 13c, 13d) of the other platform elements (2e, 2f) have a four-leg arrangement of the support legs which runs around the elevator shaft.

10. Shaft structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatat least one (2e, 2f) of the platform elements (2 - 2h), preferably of the gallery platform elements (2e, 2f) consists of two or more prefabricated flat concrete components (2e, 2f), wherein each prefabricated flat concrete component (2e, 2f) is securely connected to the shaft element located underneath and / or the prefabricated flat concrete components (2e, 2f) are screwed together with a number of turnbuckles (8).

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