Supplying power and heat to buildings and / or industrial plants

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for supplying power and heat to at least one building (G) and / or at least one industrial plant (A), wherein power (4) is generated via at least one photovoltaic system (PV) by means of sunlight, wherein water is split into molecular hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) in an electrolyzer (E) by means of the power (4) generated in the photovoltaic system (PV), wherein methanol (CH3OH) is generated in a synthesizer (S) by means of molecular hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), wherein the generated methanol (CH3OH) is temporarily stored in a methanol tank (9), wherein the temporarily stored methanol (CH3OH) is oxidized in a power and heat generator (V), producing power (4) and heat (Q), and wherein the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A) is supplied with power (4) and heat (Q) generated in the power and heat generator (V) such that an in particular year-round supply to large buildings and / or industrial plants which is as self-contained as possible can be economically achieved.

Description

[0001]August 18, 2023: Electricity and Heat Supply to Buildings and / or Industrial Facilities. The invention relates to a method for supplying electricity and heat to at least one building and / or at least one industrial facility. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system for supplying electricity and heat to at least one building and / or at least one industrial facility for implementing the aforementioned method. Buildings intended for either commercial and / or private use, as well as industrial facilities, are regularly supplied with electricity and heat as needed. In the past, electricity and heat were mostly generated by burning fossil fuels. Currently, electricity, in particular, is often generated renewably. The renewably generated electricity can be generated centrally or decentrally via photovoltaic systems on the roof of the building and / or the industrial facility.If necessary, heat pumps can also be used to provide heat for the building or industrial facility using renewable electricity, although for economic reasons, the heat temperature level is rather low. However, in many cases, a self-sufficient supply of electricity and heat to the building and / or industrial facility is not possible or only possible to a limited extent. This is especially true if the building or industrial facility is intended to operate independently year-round, including in winter, when solar radiation is very low and heat demand is very high. To achieve this, storage devices for intermediate energy storage are essential. However, such storage devices are quite cost-intensive, especially for storing large amounts of energy. This applies in particular to appropriately dimensioned battery storage systems.Other storage solutions, however, can only be operated with high conversion losses, or storing large quantities of energy, for example in the form of hydrogen, is very complex. Therefore, the year-round, self-sufficient supply of large buildings and / or industrial facilities, in particular, has not yet been satisfactorily solved due to their high energy requirements. Therefore, the present invention is based on the object of designing and developing the method and system of the type mentioned at the beginning and explained in more detail above in such a way that a supply of large buildings and / or industrial facilities that is as self-sufficient as possible, especially year-round, can be achieved economically.This object is achieved according to claim 1 by a method for supplying electricity and heat to at least one building and / or at least one industrial plant, - in which electricity is generated by means of sunlight via at least one photovoltaic system, - in which water is split into molecular hydrogen and oxygen in an electrolyzer using the electricity generated in the photovoltaic system, - in which methanol is generated in a synthesizer using molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide, - in which the generated methanol is temporarily stored in a methanol tank, - in which the temporarily stored methanol is oxidized in an electricity and heat generator to release electricity and heat, and - in which the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial plant is supplied with electricity and heat generated in the electricity and heat generator.The above object is further achieved according to claim 11 by a system for supplying electricity and heat to at least one building and / or at least one industrial plant for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 10, with a photovoltaic system for generating electricity by means ofK. J / nb 220573WOAugust 18, 2023 Sunlight, with an electrolyzer for generating molecular hydrogen using the electricity generated in the photovoltaic system, with a synthesizer for generating methanol using the molecular hydrogen, with a methanol tank for temporarily storing the methanol, and with a power and heat generator for oxidizing the temporarily stored methanol and supplying the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial facility with electricity and heat. According to the method, sunlight is first absorbed by a photovoltaic system and converted into electricity by the photovoltaic system in a known manner. The electricity thus generated is then used to split water, which is also provided in a known manner, into molecular hydrogen and molecular oxygen with the aid of an electrolyzer. This is also generally referred to as electrolysis.The molecular oxygen can be released into the environment if there is no use for the oxygen. However, the molecular hydrogen is released to a synthesizer. Carbon dioxide is also fed to the synthesizer to produce methanol (CH3OH) from the carbon dioxide and molecular hydrogen, roughly according to the following equation system: H2 + CO2 -> CO + H2O2 H2 + CO -> CH3OH. The synthesis of methanol in the synthesizer can take place in several process steps. First, the carbon dioxide is catalytically converted to water and carbon monoxide using molecular hydrogen. The carbon monoxide, in turn, can be catalytically converted to methanol using molecular hydrogen; a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is also referred to as synthesis gas. This preferably takes place under elevated pressure and elevated temperature.The methanol is then typically condensed so that the methanol can be easily stored and / or used in the electricity and heat generator. J / nb 220573WOAugust 18, 2023. The power and heat generator is, in particular, one that can generate both electricity and heat. The methanol thus obtained is temporarily stored in a methanol tank and, as needed, transferred from the methanol tank to a power and heat generator, where the methanol is oxidized to release electricity and heat. The generated electricity and heat can then be used to supply at least one building and / or at least one industrial facility. The supply will be primarily heat-driven. Thus, enough methanol will be oxidized to provide the required heat. Additional electricity demand can be covered directly from the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system, provided the solar radiation reaching the photovoltaic system is sufficient.Otherwise, the power and heat generator will generate as much power as needed, even if this generates more heat than requested. According to the device, a photovoltaic system is provided that can capture sunlight and convert it into electricity. The electricity generated can then be fed via an electrical line to an electrolyzer connected to a water source to supply the electrolyzer with water for splitting into molecular hydrogen and molecular oxygen. The molecular hydrogen can be fed to the synthesizer via a line between the electrolyzer and a synthesizer. If necessary, the molecular hydrogen can also be temporarily stored in a hydrogen storage unit to operate the synthesizer efficiently and supply it with hydrogen. In the synthesizer, methanol can be produced from the molecular hydrogen with the additional use of carbon dioxide.The synthesizer can be equipped with a carbon dioxide supply, which in turn can be connected to a carbon dioxide source. The synthesizer is also connected to a methanol line with a methanol tank, in which the produced methanol can be temporarily stored until it is needed to supply the at least one building and / or the K. J / nb 220573WOAugust 18, 2023 at least one industrial facility requires electricity and / or heat. The methanol tank is connected via the methanol line to an electricity and heat generator, in which the methanol can be oxidized. Heat and electricity are released, so that the electricity and heat can be delivered to the building and / or the industrial facility to supply electricity and heat to the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial facility. For this purpose, the building and / or the industrial facility can be connected to the electricity and heat generator via an electrical line and a line for a heat transfer medium. The method and the system described above have the advantage that, during periods of intense sunshine, sufficient electricity can be produced to supply the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial facility even during periods of inactivity.is obscured by clouds, with sufficient electricity and heat. The electricity generated is then sufficient to produce and store such large quantities of methanol that the electricity and heat supply to the building and / or the industrial facility can be ensured regardless of when electricity can be generated with the photovoltaic system. Even seasonal differences in electricity generation from sunlight can be compensated for by temporarily storing sufficient quantities of methanol. Ultimately, this ensures the self-sufficient operation of at least one building and / or at least one industrial facility, if required, preferably year-round. If the building and / or the industrial facility provides sufficient space for the installation of a photovoltaic system, for example on the roof of the building and / or the industrial facility and / or on other areas, an additional supply of electricity and heat may be unnecessary.The system can then even supply electricity and / or heat to other external users, for example, by feeding it into a power grid and / or a local or district heating network. J / nb 220573WOAugust 18, 2023 Alternatively or additionally, it is also conceivable that in summer months, when there is no demand for heat from the building and / or industrial facility, the electricity demand, especially during the day, can be covered more or less completely by the photovoltaic system. Operation of the electricity and heat generator can then be omitted for economic reasons. However, if sufficient quantities of surplus electricity are generated, the electrolyzer and synthesizer can be operated to produce and store methanol for times of lower solar radiation and / or higher electricity and / or heat demand. Due to the complexity of the system and the electricity demand, the system and the process are particularly economical to operate for larger buildings or many smaller buildings and / or for one large industrial facility or many smaller industrial facilities.This applies in particular if the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial facility has a high demand for electricity and / or heat. In a first particularly preferred embodiment of the method, at least part of the current electricity demand of the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial facility is covered by the electricity currently generated by the photovoltaic system. This is particularly efficient. If no heat is required, the electricity and heat generator does not need to be operated. If heat is required, the electricity and heat generator only needs to be operated to the extent necessary to provide the required amount of heat. If the electricity generated by the electricity and heat generator is insufficient to cover the electricity demand of the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial facility, this can advantageously be covered, if possible, by the electricity generated by the photovoltaic system.The at least one building and / or the at least one industrial facility is therefore preferably electrically connected to both the power and heat generator and the photovoltaic system. However, if at a given time the photovoltaic system does not provide sufficient power to meet the additional power demand of the building and / or the industrial facility, the photovoltaic system can be used. J / nb 220573WOAugust 18, 2023, the power and heat generator can additionally oxidize methanol to provide a sufficient amount of electricity, even if the heat generated cannot be used or released by the building, the industrial plant, and / or otherwise. Alternatively or additionally, it is also preferred if at least part of the current heat demand of the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial plant is covered by the heat currently generated by the power and heat generator. Thus, the system not only meets the electricity demand, but the system can also be used to at least partially cover the heat demand of the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial plant. With regard to self-sufficient operation, it may be particularly preferred if the heat demand is completely covered by the power and heat generator.However, it is also conceivable that part of the heat demand is covered by other sources, particularly if this additional heat is provided cost-effectively. If, for example, more electricity is generated by the power and heat generator to supply heat to the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial facility than is required by the building or the industrial facility, it may be advisable to use at least part of the electricity currently generated by the power and heat generator to supply heat to the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial facility to produce molecular hydrogen in the at least one electrolyzer and / or methanol in the synthesizer. The excess electricity can then be used and at least partially stored in the form of methanol.Alternatively or additionally, at least part of the electricity currently generated by the electricity and heat generator for supplying heat to the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial plant can be used to heat the at least one K. J / nb 220573WOAugust 18, 2023, a building and / or at least one industrial facility is supplied with electricity. The electricity generated in parallel during heat generation is then expediently also used by the at least one building and / or at least one industrial facility. In order to be able to operate the at least one building and / or at least one industrial facility as self-sufficiently as possible year-round, it is advisable for the methanol produced in the summer months to be temporarily stored at least partially, in particular predominantly, i.e., to a greater extent, in the at least one methanol tank until the winter months. Then the summer months tend to be the months in which methanol is stored, while the winter months tend to be the months in which the methanol in the electricity and heat generator is used to supply electricity and heat to the at least one building and / or at least one industrial facility.With regard to efficient operation of the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial facility, it is alternatively or additionally possible, particularly in the winter months, to oxidize methanol in the power and heat generator to supply heat to the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial facility. The heat requirement is then fundamentally the controlling factor. In other words, the process and the facility are operated heat-driven. The excess electricity generated can then be used for other purposes, for example, to produce methanol. The excess electricity is then at least partially fed to the at least one electrolyzer for producing molecular hydrogen and / or to the synthesizer for producing methanol.However, this does not preclude the process from being temporarily operated using electricity to provide the required amount of electricity, even if the amount of heat generated is not in demand by the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial plant.K. J / nb 220573WOAugust 18, 2023 For a carbon dioxide-neutral electricity and heat supply to at least one building and / or at least one industrial facility, it is advisable to feed at least some of the carbon dioxide generated during the oxidation of methanol in the at least one electricity and heat generator to the synthesizer for methanol production. The carbon dioxide can be recycled and reused. This is practical, but fundamentally does not change the carbon dioxide balance. In each case, carbon dioxide is extracted from another source, as needed and primarily from the environment, for methanol synthesis. Alternatively or additionally, the water generated during the oxidation of methanol in the at least one electricity and heat generator can be at least partially fed to the electrolyzer to produce molecular hydrogen. Water is formed during the oxidation of methanol in the electricity and heat generator.This can be released either in liquid or vapor form, or it can be returned to the electrolyzer to form new methanol using the water. During methanol synthesis in the synthesizer, water is also formed, which can be returned to the electrolyzer to generate molecular hydrogen, either as an alternative or in addition to the water from the electricity and heat generator. A suitable electricity and heat generator is one that includes at least one combined heat and power plant (CHP) or at least one boiler. Combined heat and power plants are very efficient for providing electricity and heat. Boilers can be used to generate heat and steam, with the steam being used at least partially to generate electricity with the help of a turbine and a connected generator.The power and heat generator can, in principle, additionally or alternatively include a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), which can generate electricity and heat with high efficiency. However, other power and heat generators or supply devices are also possible. J / nb 220573WOAugust 18, 2023 For efficiency reasons, an electrochemical electrolyzer can be used as an electrolyzer. The cells of the stack each comprise two electrodes and a separator that semipermeably separates the electrodes from each other. The stacks can be stacked to form the stack. A portion of the molecular hydrogen is then formed in each cell, which can then be collected and fed to at least one synthesizer. Electrochemical electrolyzers in which the cell electrodes are separated from each other by separators in the form of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have proven particularly effective in this context. In this context, they are also referred to as PEM electrolyzers.In order to provide water for the production of molecular hydrogen in the electrolyzer in a cost-effective and resource-efficient manner, rainwater, in particular from the roof of at least one building and / or the industrial plant, can be collected in a rainwater tank. Water for hydrogen production can then be drawn from the rainwater tank as needed. This can be done via the rainwater tank as an alternative to or in addition to returning water from the power and heat generator and / or the synthesizer, as needed. Well water, surface water, and / or fresh water can also be used as water. It may be necessary to purify the water before use. In a first particularly preferred embodiment of the plant, the at least one synthesizer is connected to a methanol line with a methanol tank for temporarily storing the methanol.In addition, the methanol tank can be connected to the power and heat generator via a methanol line, so that the power and heat generator can be supplied with methanol as needed. The power and heat generator can then always provide the desired amount of heat and / or electricity. In addition, depending on the current situation, the K. J / nb 220573WOAugust 18, 2023, methanol can be generated from the excess electricity provided by a photovoltaic system using an electrolyzer and synthesizer. The production and use of methanol can thus be easily decoupled in time. Alternatively or additionally, the power and heat generator can be connected to the synthesizer via a carbon dioxide line. It is fundamentally conceivable that ambient air and / or exhaust gas from the power and heat generator, which contains a certain amount of carbon dioxide, is supplied via the carbon dioxide line. However, it may be more efficient if carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide source is supplied in enriched form via the carbon dioxide line. Preferably, the carbon dioxide can be supplied in almost pure form and / or stored in a carbon dioxide storage facility, such as a gas tank.It can be particularly useful if the carbon dioxide is separated from an industrial process in which carbon dioxide is produced in large quantities and high concentrations. This can be the case, for example, during the operation of the power and heat generator, in which methanol is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. The carbon dioxide can then be at least partially recycled in the power and heat supply plant. Furthermore, the electrolyzer can be connected to the power and heat generator and / or the synthesizer via a water line. The water produced in the power and heat generator and / or the synthesizer can then be returned to the electrolyzer. To operate the electrolyzer more independently of the power and heat generator and / or the synthesizer, it is advisable to temporarily store the water in a water reservoir in the water line.To utilize the water from the power and heat generator and ensure efficient operation of the process, it may be particularly suitable for the power and heat generator to include a boiler, a combined heat and power plant, or a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). For the same reason, it may be suitable, alternatively or additionally, for the K. J / nb 220573WOAugust 18, 2023. The electrolyzer is an electrochemical electrolyzer, for example, a PEM electrolyzer. To reduce line losses and provide a compact system for electricity and heat supply, it is alternatively or additionally possible for the photovoltaic system for generating electricity for the electrolyzer to be mounted on the at least one building and / or the at least one industrial facility, in particular on the roof and / or other (adjacent) areas of the building and / or the industrial facility. This area can thus be used efficiently, and long-distance power transmission or an external power grid can be avoided. Self-sufficient operation of the system can also be facilitated if the electrolyzer is connected to a rainwater tank for storing rainwater, for example, from the roof of the at least one building and / or the industrial facility.The rainwater can therefore be collected locally and used locally. A supply via an external water pipe or the use of tap water is then not absolutely necessary. Well water does not necessarily have to be used either. The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing that merely represents an exemplary embodiment. In the drawing, Fig. 1 shows the system according to the invention and the method according to the invention for supplying electricity and heat to a building and / or an industrial plant in a schematic flow diagram, and Fig. 2 shows an additional detail of the system and the method from Fig. 1 in a schematic flow diagram.K. J / nb 220573WOAugust 18, 2023 Figure 1 shows a system 1 and a method for supplying electricity and heat to a building G and / or an industrial facility A. In the illustrated and, in this respect, preferred system 1, a photovoltaic system PV is installed on the roof 2 of the building G or industrial facility A to be supplied with electricity and heat. This photovoltaic system produces electricity 4 when there is sufficient solar radiation 3. This electricity 4 can be supplied directly to the building 2 and / or the industrial facility to supply electricity. However, the electricity 4 can also be used at least partially to operate an electrolyzer E. Using the electricity 4 thus generated, a synthesizer S can alternatively or additionally be supplied with electricity 4, even if this is not shown in detail for the sake of clarity.In addition to electricity 4, water (H2O) is fed to the electrolyzer E, which is split into molecular hydrogen (H2) and molecular oxygen (O2) in the electrolyzer E. The molecular hydrogen (H2) can be temporarily stored, but is preferably delivered more or less directly to the synthesizer S, to which carbon dioxide (CO2) is also added. Methanol (CH3OH) and water (H2O) are formed from the hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the synthesizer S. The methanol (CH3OH) can then be oxidized, i.e., burned, as needed, in an electricity and heat generator V. The electricity and heat generator V generates electricity 4 and heat Q, respectively. The heat Q and electricity 4 can be used to supply building G and / or industrial plant A as needed.In phases in which the power and heat generator V generates more power than is needed to cover the heat demand in the building G and / or the industrial plant A, this excess power 4 can be fed to the electrolyzer E and / or the synthesizer S in order to produce molecular hydrogen (H2) and / or methanol (CH3OH) with the excess power 4. The molecular oxygen (O2) produced in the electrolyzer E alongside the molecular hydrogen (H2) can either be released into the environment or,K. J / nb 220573WOAugust 18, 2023, as shown, to increase efficiency for oxidation to the power and heat generator V. For example, ambient air with a high proportion of inert nitrogen (N2) need not be supplied to the power and heat generator V. At the same time, if required, the carbon dioxide (CO2) released during oxidation in the supply line V can be fed into the synthesizer S. The exhaust gas 5 of the power and heat generator V can be treated beforehand to purify the exhaust gas 5 or to at least partially separate the carbon dioxide (CO2) from other components of the exhaust gas 5, so that the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the treated exhaust gas 5 can be increased.The exhaust gas 5 of the power and heat generator V is suitable as a carbon dioxide source in that the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the exhaust gas 5 will in many cases be significantly higher than in the ambient air, where the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) is very low. The water (H2O) produced in the power and heat generator V and / or the synthesizer S is, if necessary, returned to the electrolyzer E to be split again into molecular hydrogen (H2) and molecular oxygen (O2). In the illustrated and thus preferred system 1 for power and heat supply, a combined heat and power plant (CHP) is provided as the power and heat generator V. Furthermore, the electrolyzer E can be a PEM electrolyzer E with polymer exchange membranes. Fig. 2 shows further details of the process and system 1, which have been omitted from Fig. 1 for the sake of clarity.These details particularly concern the temporal decoupling of individual process steps and plant components. They also concern the water supply for the process and plant 1. The water (H2O) falling as rainwater onto the roof 2 of building G and / or the industrial plant A can be collected and stored in a (rain)water tank 6 before the rainwater (H2O) is used in the electrolyzer E. If necessary, the (rain)water tank 6 can also be filled with water K formed in the power and heat generator V and / or the synthesizer S. J / nb 220573WOAugust 18, 2023. The production of methanol (CH3OH) is thus independent of current rainfall, so that methanol (CH3OH) can be produced during periods when a lot of electricity 4 is being produced by the photovoltaic system PV. However, it typically does not rain at the same time during these periods. If the collected rainwater is not sufficient to cover the water needs of system 1, well water, surface water, fresh water, and / or tap water can also be supplied. The molecular oxygen (O2) generated in the electrolyzer E can also initially be stored in an oxygen storage unit 7 until the oxygen (O2) is needed for oxidation in the power and heat generator V. The supply to building G and / or industrial plant A can thus be decoupled from the production of methanol (CH3OH).In many cases, the heat and / or electricity requirements of building G and / or industrial facility A will not coincide with strong solar radiation 3 on the PV photovoltaic system. Likewise, the oxidation of methanol (CH3OH) can produce carbon dioxide-rich exhaust gas 5 without the PV photovoltaic system simultaneously producing significant electricity 4. The carbon dioxide (CO2) can then be stored in a carbon dioxide storage unit 8 until significant amounts of molecular hydrogen (H2) are formed via the electrolyzer E, which can then be converted together with the stored carbon dioxide (CO2) to methanol (CH3OH). The methanol (CH3OH) is also temporarily stored in a methanol tank 9 because there is a high heat demand in the winter months and only little electricity 4 is generated by the PV photovoltaic system.Methanol (CH3OH) produced in the summer months can then be oxidized to supply electricity and heat to building G and / or industrial plant A in order to cover the electricity4 and heat Q requirements of building G and / or industrial plant A in the winter months.K. J / nb 220573WO August 18, 2023Reference symbol list 1 Anlage 2 Dach 3 Sunlight 4 Strom 5 Abgas 6 Control water tank7 Oxygen storage8 Carbon dioxide storage9 Methanol tankA Industrial plantE Electrolyzer G Gebäude PV photovoltaic system Q Wärme S SynthetiseurV Power and heat generatorK J / nb 220573WO August 18, 2023

Claims

August 18, 2023 Patent Claims 1. Method for supplying electricity and heat to at least one building (G) and / or at least one industrial facility (A), - in which electricity (4) is generated by means of sunlight via at least one photovoltaic system (PV), - in which water is split into molecular hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) in an electrolyzer (E) using the electricity (4) generated in the photovoltaic system (PV), - in which methanol (CH3OH) is generated by means of molecular hydrogen (H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in a synthesizer (S), - in which the generated methanol (CH3OH) is temporarily stored in a methanol tank (9), - in which the temporarily stored methanol (CH3OH) is oxidized in a power and heat generator (V) to release electricity (4) and heat (Q). und- in which the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A) is supplied with electricity (4) and heat (Q) generated in the electricity and heat generator (V).

2. Method according to claim 1, - in which at least part of the current electricity demand of the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A) is covered by the electricity (4) currently generated in the photovoltaic system (PV). ird.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, in which at least part of the current heat demand of the at least one - 2 - building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A) is covered by the heat (Q) currently generated by the power and heat generator (V).

4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, - in which molecular hydrogen (H2) is generated in at least one electrolyzer (E) with at least a portion of the power (4) currently generated by the power and heat generator (V) for supplying heat to the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A) and / or methanol (CH3OH) is generated in at least one synthesizer (S) and / or - in which the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A) is supplied with power (4) with at least a portion of the power (4) currently generated by the power and heat generator (V) for supplying heat to the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A).5.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the methanol (CH3OH) produced in the summer months is at least partially, in particular predominantly, temporarily stored in the methanol tank (9) until the winter months.

6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which, in particular during the winter months, methanol (CH3OH) is oxidized in the power and heat generator (V) to supply heat to the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A). wird und - in which, preferably, the electricity (4) generated for supplying heat to the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A), in particular in the winter months, is at least partially supplied to the at least one electrolyzer (E) for generating molecular K J / nb 220573WO August 18, 2023 - 3 - hydrogen (H2) and / or to the at least one synthesizer (S) for producing methanol (CH3OH).

7. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6,- in which the carbon dioxide (CO2) produced during the oxidation of the methanol (CH3OH) in the at least one power and heat generator (V) is at least partially fed to the synthesizer (S) for producing methanol (CH3OH) and / or- in which the water (H2O) produced during the oxidation of the methanol (CH3OH) in the at least one power and heat generator (V) and / or in the synthesizer (S) is at least partially fed to the electrolyzer (E) for producing molecular hydrogen (H2).

8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, in which a power and heat generator (V) comprising at least one combined heat and power plant (CHP), a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) or a boiler is used as the power and heat generator (V).9.Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which an electrochemical electrolyzer (E) comprising a stack of electrochemical cells, each with two electrodes and a separator which semipermeably separates the electrodes from one another is used as the electrolyzer (E). ird und - in which an electrolyzer with electron exchange membranes (Proton Exchange Membrane – PEM) as separators is used as the electrochemical electrolyzer (E).K J / nb 220573WO August 18, 2023 - 4 -10. Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, - in which rainwater, in particular from the roof (2) of the at least one building (G) and / or the industrial plant (A), is collected in a rainwater tank (6) and the collected rainwater (H2O) is fed to the electrolyzer (E) to produce molecular hydrogen (H2) and / or - in which well water, surface water, fresh water and / or tap water is fed to the electrolyzer (E) to produce molecular hydrogen (H2).11.System (1) for supplying electricity and heat to at least one building (G) and / or at least one industrial plant (A) for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 10, comprising a photovoltaic system (PV) for generating electricity (4) using sunlight, an electrolyzer (E) for generating molecular hydrogen (H2) using the electricity (4) generated in the photovoltaic system (PV), a synthesizer (S) for generating methanol (CH3OH) using the molecular hydrogen (H2), a methanol tank (9) for temporarily storing the methanol (CH3OH), and a power and heat generator (V) for oxidizing the temporarily stored methanol (CH3OH) and for supplying the at least one building (G) and / or the at least one industrial plant (A) with electricity (4) and heat (Q).12.Plant according to claim 11, characterized in that the synthesizer (S) is connected to a methanol line with a methanol tank (9) for temporarily storing the methanol (CH3OH) and the methanol tank (9) is connected to the power and heat generator (V) with a methanol line and / or that the power and heat generator (V) is connected to the synthesizer (S) via a carbon dioxide line, and preferably a carbon dioxide storage (8).K. J / nb 220573WO August 18, 2023 - 5 -13. Plant according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the power and heat generator (V) and / or the synthesizer (S) is connected to the electrolyzer (E) via a water line, and preferably a water reservoir (6), and / or that the power and heat generator (V) comprises a boiler, a combined heat and power plant (CHP) or a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and / or that the electrolyzer (E) is an electrochemical electrolyzer (E), in particular a PEM electrolyzer.

14. System according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the photovoltaic system (PV) is mounted on the at least one building (G) and / or on the at least one industrial plant (A) and / or that the electrolyzer (E) is connected to a rainwater tank (9) for storing the rainwater (H2O) from the roof of the at least one building (G) and / or the industrial plant (A).15.Plant according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the electrolyzer (E) is connected to a source of well water, surface water, fresh water and / or tap water.K. J / nb 220573WO August 18, 2023

Images