Method for manufacturing a prefabricated element for a dwelling

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a prefabricated element, involving the provision of a main formwork comprising a bottom wall (3) and a peripheral frame (4) delimiting an internal space, the fitting of at least one thermal insulation element (7) in the internal space of the main formwork such that the at least one thermal insulation element (7) rests on the bottom wall (3), the pouring of a composite construction material into the internal space of the main formwork so as to cover the at least one thermal insulation element (7), the hardening of the composite construction material so as to form a load-bearing structure comprising longitudinal and transverse rims formed by the hardening of the composite construction material, the at least one thermal insulation element (7) being secured to and made inseparable from the load-bearing structure during the hardening of the composite construction material, and the removal of the main formwork (2) surrounding the prefabricated element obtained.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION

[0002] TITLE: Manufacturing process for a prefabricated element for a dwelling

[0003] Technical field

[0004] The present invention relates generally to a method of manufacturing a prefabricated element for the construction of a residential unit, whether individual, industrial or commercial, and more particularly to a method of manufacturing a prefabricated element comprising at least one thermally insulating element.

[0005] State of the art

[0006] In the construction industry, it is well known to manufacture uniform housing units obtained from prefabricated elements. This uniformity is one of the conditions for standardization, and therefore for reducing manufacturing costs, and it is maximized when a construction can be reduced to an assembly of identical or similar prefabricated elements, integrating the greatest possible number of equipment.

[0007] The search for a reduction in manufacturing costs, a guarantee of quality in order to reduce environmental pollution and, above all, a permanence of these qualities across all the products of a construction company, as well as better working conditions for the workers assigned to the construction of buildings, requires the use of prefabricated elements.

[0008] In order to improve the thermal insulation of a prefabricated element, it is known to fix, in the factory or on the construction site of the housing unit, thermal insulation elements in cells made in the prefabricated element. This solution, although functional, is generally time-consuming and requires meticulous implementation in order to maximize the effectiveness of the thermal insulation of the housing unit.

[0009] Summary of the invention

[0010] The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.

[0011] The technical problem underlying the invention consists in particular in providing a method for manufacturing a prefabricated element allowing easy and rapid integration of at least one thermal insulation element, while being simple, economical and easily standardizable. To this end, the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a prefabricated element for a housing unit, the manufacturing method comprising the following steps: providing a main formwork comprising a bottom wall and a peripheral frame, the bottom wall and the peripheral frame delimiting an internal space, placing at least one thermal insulation element, such as a thermal insulation panel for example, in the internal space of the main formwork so that the at least one thermal insulation element bears on the bottom wall,the at least one thermal insulation element and the main formwork being configured so as to delimit at least in part a longitudinal recess extending along each internal longitudinal face of the main formwork, and at least in part a transverse recess extending along each internal transverse face of the main formwork, casting a composite building material, which is hardenable, inside the internal space of the main formwork so as to at least partially cover the at least one thermal insulation element and to at least partially fill each of the longitudinal and transverse recesses, hardening the composite building material so as to form a load-bearing structure comprising a main wall provided with a first face facing the at least one thermal insulation element and a second face opposite the first face,the supporting structure further comprising two longitudinal flanges extending along two opposite longitudinal edges of the main wall and projecting from the first face of the main wall and two transverse flanges extending along two opposite transverse edges of the main wall and projecting from the first face of the main wall, the longitudinal and transverse flanges also being formed by the hardening of the composite building material poured into each of the longitudinal and transverse recesses, the at least one thermal insulation element being secured and made inseparable from the supporting structure upon hardening of the composite building material, removal of the main formwork surrounding the prefabricated element thus obtained.,

[0012] The manufacturing method according to the present invention makes it possible to easily integrate at least one thermal insulation element into the prefabricated element, while ensuring robust and reliable fixing of such a thermal insulation element to the supporting structure.

[0013] In addition, the prefabricated element obtained by implementing the manufacturing method according to the present invention incorporates longitudinal and transverse edges which provide increased mechanical resistance to the prefabricated element, by a local thickening of the thickness of the supporting structure.

[0014] The manufacturing method according to the invention may further have one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first face of the main wall corresponds to an internal face of the supporting structure, that is to say a face intended to be turned towards the interior of the housing unit.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the invention, the main wall of the supporting structure has a substantially constant thickness.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the invention, the longitudinal and transverse edges extend substantially perpendicular to the main wall of the supporting structure.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the invention, the peripheral frame of the main formwork is substantially rectangular.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the invention, at least one of the longitudinal and / or transverse recesses has a depth less than or equal to the maximum thickness of the at least one thermal insulation element.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the invention, the supporting structure has a generally rectangular shape.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the invention, the thermal insulation element has a generally rectangular shape.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one thermal insulation element is a foam block which is preformed or machined. The foam block may be a semi-rigid foam block, and for example an expanded foam block.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one thermal insulation element is made of polystyrene, polyurethane, wood fiber, natural fiber or mineral wool for example.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the invention, the thermal insulation element comprises a main zone which is quadrangular in shape, at least one of the upper edges of the main zone being rounded or comprising a cut-off face, for example such that the internal face of each longitudinal edge has a cut-off face or is rounded and such that the internal face of each transverse edge has a cut-off face or is rounded.

[0025] By upper edge is meant an edge extending around the periphery of the main zone and which is located in the upper part of the thermal insulation element when the latter rests on the bottom wall of the main formwork.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the invention, each upper edge of the main zone is rounded or has a cutaway.

[0027] Such rounded and / or bevelled edges are intended to facilitate and improve the flowability of the composite building material during manufacture and also to promote the diffusion of mechanical forces in the prefabricated element obtained or in contiguous prefabricated elements. Thus, such a configuration of the main zone provides increased mechanical strength to the prefabricated element obtained and to the housing unit obtained by assembling such prefabricated elements.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the invention, the thermal insulation element further comprises a thinned peripheral zone which is contiguous to the main zone and which extends at least in part around the main zone, the thinned peripheral zone being configured to form at least in part at least one of the longitudinal and transverse recesses.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the invention, the composite construction material is manufactured from crushed materials, natural materials, or a combination of crushed and natural materials, which are agglomerated by a binder, such as high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete or the like, for example. High-performance concrete is understood to mean concrete having a minimum mechanical compressive strength usually measured on standardized cylindrical test pieces, of the order of 50 MPa.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the invention, the at least one thermal insulation element also comprises at least one longitudinal groove which is configured to be filled by the composite construction material during the casting step and / or at least one transverse groove which is configured to be filled by the composite construction material during the casting step, such that the supporting structure comprises at least one longitudinal reinforcing rib and / or at least one transverse reinforcing rib.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the invention, the installation step comprises the installation of several thermal insulation elements in the internal space of the main formwork, two adjacent thermal insulation elements being configured to delimit an intermediate recess configured to be filled by the composite construction material during the casting step such that the supporting structure comprises at least one intermediate reinforcing rib located between two adjacent thermal insulation elements.

[0032] According to one embodiment of the invention, the upper edges of the main zone of each thermal insulation element are configured such that each lateral face of the at least one intermediate reinforcing rib has a favorable cut-off face or is rounded.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the invention, the manufacturing method further comprises the following step, which is prior to the casting step: placing at least one fixing insert, such as a wooden cleat for example, in the internal space of the main formwork so that the at least one fixing insert bears on the bottom wall and is arranged between and in contact with two adjacent thermal insulation elements, the at least one fixing insert being secured and made inseparable from the supporting structure during the hardening of the composite construction material and being configured to receive interior cladding supports.

[0034] According to one embodiment of the invention, the installation step comprises the installation, at regular intervals, of a plurality of fixing inserts in the internal space of the main formwork. Advantageously, the spacing distance between two adjacent fixing inserts is defined so as to correspond to the spacing between two finishing plates, such as plasterboards for example, affixed to the inner face of the prefabricated element in order to finish and cover the walls of the housing unit. Advantageously, each fixing insert makes it possible to easily secure the finishing plates on the inner face by means of plasterboard screws for example.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the invention, the manufacturing method further comprises the following step, which is prior to the casting step: placing at least one insert to be demolded in the internal space of the main formwork so that the at least one insert to be demolded rests on the bottom wall and adjoins one of the sides of the peripheral frame.

[0036] The presence of such an insert to be demolded makes it possible to obtain a longitudinal or transverse rim, at the level of said insert to be demolded, having a thickness less than the maximum thickness of the adjacent thermal insulation element, and therefore located set back from said longitudinal or transverse rim. According to one embodiment of the invention, the manufacturing method further comprises the following step, subsequent to the hardening step: removal of the at least one insert to be demolded in order to define a shoulder zone.

[0037] The presence of the shoulder zone makes it possible to form, when assembling two adjacent prefabricated elements, a junction which does not reveal the load-bearing structures of said prefabricated elements from the inside of the housing unit.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the invention, the manufacturing method also comprises the following step, prior to the step of placing the at least one thermal insulation element: placing at least one secondary formwork, provided with an internal frame, in the internal space of the main formwork so that said internal frame rests on the bottom wall; and in which the at least one thermal insulation element and / or the at least one secondary formwork are configured so as to delimit a secondary recess extending around the secondary formwork and intended to be filled, at least in part, with composite construction material during the casting step.

[0039] Advantageously, the secondary recess allows, after the casting and hardening stages, the formation of internal edges delimiting a generally rectangular opening where an opening, such as a window or a door for example, can possibly be fixed.

[0040] According to one embodiment of the invention, the transverse or longitudinal edges of the supporting structure respectively comprise first and second assembly elements configured to allow the assembly of two adjacent prefabricated elements.

[0041] According to one embodiment of the invention, each first assembly element is a threaded rod and each second assembly element is an assembly orifice configured to cooperate with a first assembly element of an adjacent prefabricated element when assembling two adjacent prefabricated elements. According to another embodiment of the invention, the first and second assembly elements could be formed by screw / nut systems or any other assembly device intended to secure two separate parts for example.

[0042] According to one embodiment of the invention, the first assembly elements are positioned inside the internal space before the casting step, and for example in longitudinal and / or transverse recesses.

[0043] Brief description of the figures

[0044] The present invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description with reference to the appended figures, in which identical reference signs correspond to structurally and / or functionally identical or similar elements.

[0045] [Fig 1] is a front perspective view of a thermal insulation element used in the implementation of the manufacturing method according to the present invention;

[0046] [Fig 2] is a perspective view from above of a main formwork used in the implementation of the manufacturing method according to the present invention;

[0047] [Fig 3] is a perspective view of the main formwork of Figure 2 equipped with two secondary formworks;

[0048] [Fig 4] is a perspective view from above of the main formwork of Figure 2 after installation of several thermal insulation elements;

[0049] [Fig 5] is a top perspective view of the main formwork of Figure 2 after casting a composite building material into the main formwork;

[0050] [Fig 6] is a side perspective view of a prefabricated element resulting from the implementation of the manufacturing method according to a first embodiment of the invention;

[0051] [Fig 7] is a side perspective view of a prefabricated element resulting from the implementation of the manufacturing method according to a second embodiment of the invention;

[0052] [Fig 8] is a longitudinal sectional view of a prefabricated element resulting from the implementation of the manufacturing method according to the invention;

[0053] [Fig 9] is a longitudinal sectional view of an assembly of two prefabricated elements; [Fig 10] is a perspective view of a housing unit made from prefabricated elements obtained by implementing the manufacturing method of the invention;

[0054] [Fig 11] is a schematic view of the first and second assembly elements of two prefabricated elements.

[0055] Detailed description

[0056] The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a prefabricated element 1 for the production of a housing unit.

[0057] The manufacturing method includes in particular (see figure 2) the provision of a main formwork 2 which comprises a bottom wall 3 and a peripheral frame 4, and which delimits an internal space 5.

[0058] To the extent that the prefabricated element 1 to be manufactured may comprise one or more openings, intended for example to receive openings such as windows, doors or French windows, the manufacturing method further comprises (see figure 3) the installation of one or more secondary formworks, each provided with an internal frame 6, in the internal space 5 of the main formwork 2 so that each internal frame 6 rests on the back wall 3. The internal frame 6 is in particular located at a distance from the peripheral frame 4 when the creation of an opening is desired.

[0059] The manufacturing method further comprises (see Figure 4) the placement of several thermal insulation elements 7 in the internal space 5 of the main formwork 2 so that each thermal insulation element 7 rests on the bottom wall. The thermal insulation elements 7 are positioned so as to partially occupy the internal space 5.

[0060] As shown more particularly in Figure 4, each thermal insulation element 7 is formed by a thermal insulation panel which can for example be preformed or machined. Each thermal insulation element 7 can in particular be made of semi-rigid foam, for example expanded foam.

[0061] Each thermal insulation element 7 comprises a main zone 8, of generally rectangular shape, and a thinned peripheral zone 9 which extends partially or completely around the main zone 8 and which is contiguous to the main zone 8. Advantageously, the upper edges 10 of the main zone 8 are rounded or each comprise a cut-off face. Advantageously, the thinned peripheral zone 9 of each of the thermal insulation elements 7 and the main formwork 2 are configured so as to delimit a longitudinal recess 11A along each internal longitudinal face 12A of the peripheral frame 4, and to delimit a transverse recess 11B along each internal transverse face 12B. Each of the longitudinal recesses 11A and transverse recesses 11B have a depth less than or equal to the maximum thickness of the thermal insulation elements 7.The thermal insulation elements 7 and the secondary formworks are configured so as to also delimit a secondary recess 13 extending around each of the internal frames 6.

[0062] The manufacturing method further comprises (see Figure 5) the casting of a composite construction material 14, which is hardenable, inside the internal space 5 of the main formwork 2 so as to totally or partially cover the thermal insulation elements 7 and to fill each of the longitudinal 11A and transverse 11B recesses and the secondary recesses 13. Advantageously, the composite construction material 14 is manufactured from crushed materials, natural materials, or a combination of crushed and natural materials, which are agglomerated by a binder, such as high-performance concrete for example.

[0063] The manufacturing method also comprises curing the composite building material 14 so as to form a supporting structure 15 comprising a main wall 16 provided with a first face facing the thermal insulation elements 7 and a second face opposite the first face. The supporting structure 15 further comprises longitudinal flanges 17 extending along two opposite longitudinal edges of the main wall 16 and projecting from the first face of the main wall 16, and transverse flanges 18 extending along two opposite transverse edges of the main wall 16 and projecting from the first face of the main wall 16, the longitudinal 17 and transverse 18 flanges being formed by curing the composite building material 14 cast into each of the longitudinal 11A and transverse 11B recesses.

[0064] Advantageously, the thermal insulation elements 7 are secured and made inseparable from the supporting structure 15 during the hardening of the composite construction material 14.

[0065] The rounded and / or cut sides of the upper edges of each of the thermal insulation elements 7 are intended to facilitate and improve the flowability of the composite construction material 14 during the casting step, and also to promote the diffusion of mechanical forces in the prefabricated element 1 obtained or in contiguous prefabricated elements. Thus, such a configuration of the upper edges 10 of the main zone 8 gives increased mechanical strength to the prefabricated element 1 obtained and to the housing unit obtained by the assembly of such prefabricated elements 1.

[0066] When installing the main formwork 2 and the thermal insulation elements 7, two adjacent thermal insulation elements 7 are advantageously configured to delimit an intermediate recess 19 configured to be filled by the composite construction material 14 during casting such that the supporting structure 15 comprises intermediate reinforcing ribs 20 located between two adjacent thermal insulation elements 7. Advantageously, the upper edges 10 of the main zone 8 of each thermal insulation element 7 are configured such that each lateral face of each intermediate reinforcing rib 20 advantageously has a cut-off face or is rounded.

[0067] Advantageously, the secondary recesses 13 make it possible, after the casting and hardening steps, to form internal edges delimiting an opening in which an opening, such as a window or a door for example, can be fixed.

[0068] As shown more particularly in Figure 11, the transverse 18 or longitudinal 17 edges of the supporting structure 15 respectively comprise first assembly elements 21 and second assembly elements 22 configured to allow the assembly of two prefabricated elements 1 adjacent to each other. The main wall 16 may also comprise assembly elements configured to allow the assembly of two prefabricated elements 1 adjacent to each other.

[0069] In the exemplary embodiment presented in FIG. 11, each first assembly element 21 is a threaded rod and each second assembly element 22 is an assembly orifice configured to cooperate with the first assembly element 21 of an adjacent prefabricated element 1 during the assembly of two adjacent prefabricated elements 1.

[0070] Advantageously, the first assembly elements 21 are positioned inside the internal space before the casting step, and for example in longitudinal or transverse recesses, so that they can be made inseparable from the supporting structure during the hardening step.

[0071] The manufacturing process further comprises the removal of the main formwork 2 surrounding the prefabricated element 1 thus obtained.

[0072] Incidentally, the prefabricated element 1 may include ducts (not shown) for the various networks, such as electricity, water, gas, etc., arranged in the thermal insulation panels 7 and / or between the main wall 16 and an interior covering fixed to the latter.

[0073] Figures 7 and 8 represent a prefabricated element 1 obtained by implementing a manufacturing method according to a second embodiment of the invention which differs from the first embodiment in particular in that it does not require the presence of secondary formwork.

[0074] The manufacturing method according to the second embodiment of the invention comprises in particular the following steps: providing a main formwork 2 comprising a bottom wall 3 and a peripheral frame 4, the main formwork 2 delimiting an internal space 5, placing the thermal insulation elements 7 in the internal space 5 of the main formwork 2 in such a way that the thermal insulation elements 7 bear on the bottom wall 3 and delimit with the main formwork 2 a longitudinal recess 11A along each internal longitudinal face 12A of the main formwork 2 and a transverse recess 11B along each internal transverse face 12B of the main formwork 2; placing a plurality of fixing inserts 23, such as wooden cleats for example,in the internal space 5 of the main formwork 2 such that the fixing inserts 23 bear on the bottom wall 3 and are each arranged between and in contact with two respective adjacent thermal insulation elements 7; placing inserts to be demolded in the internal space 5 of the main formwork 2 such that each insert to be demolded bears on the bottom wall 3 and is adjacent to a respective lateral side of the peripheral frame 4; pouring a composite construction material 14, which is hardenable, inside the internal space 5 of the main formwork 2 so as to partially or completely cover the thermal insulation elements 7, the inserts to be demolded and the fixing inserts, and to fill each of the longitudinal 11 A and transverse 11 B recesses,curing the composite building material 14 so as to form a supporting structure 15 comprising a main wall 16 provided with a first face facing the thermal insulation elements 7 and a second face opposite the first face, the supporting structure 15 further comprising longitudinal 17 and transverse 18 edges formed by the curing of the composite building material 14 cast in each of the longitudinal and transverse recesses 11A and 11B, the thermal insulation elements 7 being secured and made inseparable from the supporting structure 15 during the curing of the composite building material 14, removing the main formwork 2 surrounding the prefabricated element 1 thus obtained; and removing the inserts to be demolded in order to define a shoulder zone 24.,

[0075] Advantageously, the spacing distance between two adjacent fixing inserts 23 is defined so as to correspond to the spacing between two finishing plates, such as plasterboards for example, the finishing plates being affixed to the inner face of the prefabricated element 1 in order to carry out the finishing and cladding of the housing unit. Advantageously, each fixing insert 23 makes it possible to easily secure finishing plates to the inner face of the prefabricated element 1 by means of plasterboard screws for example.

[0076] As can be seen more particularly in Figures 8 and 9, the prefabricated element 1 obtained by the manufacturing method according to the second embodiment of the invention comprises longitudinal and transverse edges 17 and 18 which have a thickness less than the maximum thickness of the adjacent thermal insulation element 7, such that each thermal insulation element 7 projects relative to the longitudinal edges 17 and transverse edges 18. The longitudinal edges 17 and transverse edges 18 and the thermal insulation elements 7 delimit a shoulder zone 24 extending around the periphery of the supporting structure and making it possible to form, when assembling two adjacent prefabricated elements, a junction which does not reveal the supporting structures 14 of said prefabricated elements 1 from the inside of the housing unit.

[0077] The housing unit, an example of which is presented in Figure 10, comprises two longitudinal elements A, two lateral elements B, a low floor C and a high floor D each consisting of a prefabricated element 1 originating from the implementation of the manufacturing method according to the invention.

[0078] Of course, the present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described and illustrated, which have been given only as examples. The reversal of at least one panel of the housing unit or modifications remain possible, in particular from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

DEMANDS 1. A method for manufacturing a prefabricated element (1) for a housing unit, the manufacturing method comprising the following steps: supplying a main formwork (2) comprising a bottom wall (3) and a peripheral frame (4), the bottom wall (3) and the peripheral frame (4) delimiting an internal space (5), placing at least one thermal insulation element (7), such as a thermal insulation panel for example, in the internal space (5) of the main formwork (2) such that the at least one thermal insulation element (7) rests on the bottom wall (3), the at least one thermal insulation element (7) and the main formwork (2) being configured so as to delimit at least partially a longitudinal recess (11 A) extending along each internal longitudinal face (12 A) of the main formwork (2), and at least partially a transverse recess (11 B) extending along each internal transverse face (12B) of the main formwork (2),pouring a hardenable composite building material (14) inside the internal space (5) of the main formwork (2) so as to at least partially cover at least one thermal insulation element (7) and to at least partially fill each of the longitudinal and transverse recesses (11A, 11B), hardening of the composite building material (14) so ​​as to form a load-bearing structure (15) comprising a main wall (16) having a first face facing at least one thermal insulation element (7) and a second face opposite the first face,the load-bearing structure (15) further comprising two longitudinal edges (17) extending respectively along two opposite longitudinal edges of the main wall (16) and projecting from the first face of the main wall (16), and two transverse edges (18) extending respectively along two opposite transverse edges of the main wall (16) and projecting from the first face of the main wall (16), the longitudinal and transverse edges (17, 18) also being formed by the hardening of the composite building material (14) cast into each of the longitudinal and transverse recesses (11A; 11B), at least one thermal insulation element (7) being bonded and rendered inseparable from the load-bearing structure (15) during the hardening of the composite building material (14), removal of the main formwork (2) surrounding the prefabricated element (1) thus got,wherein the thermal insulation element (7) comprises a main zone (8) which is quadrangular in shape, at least one of the upper edges (10) of the main zone (8) being rounded or having a chamfered edge.

2. A manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the thermal insulation element (7) further comprises a thinned peripheral zone (9) which is contiguous to the main zone (8) and which extends at least partly around the main zone (8), the thinned peripheral zone (9) being configured to form at least partly at least one of the longitudinal and transverse recesses (11 A; 11 B).

3. A manufacturing process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composite building material (14) is manufactured from crushed materials, natural materials, or a combination of crushed and natural materials, which are agglomerated by a binder.

4. A manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one thermal insulation element (7) also comprises at least one longitudinal groove which is configured to be filled by the composite building material (14) during the casting step and / or at least one transverse groove which is configured to be filled by the composite building material (14) during the casting step, such that the load-bearing structure (15) comprises at least one longitudinal reinforcing rib and / or at least one transverse reinforcing rib.

5. A manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the placement step comprises the placement of several thermal insulation elements (7) in the internal space (5) of the main formwork (2), two adjacent thermal insulation elements (7) being configured to delimit an intermediate recess (19) configured to be filled by the composite construction material (14) during the casting step such that the load-bearing structure (15) comprises at least one intermediate reinforcing rib (20) situated between two adjacent thermal insulation elements (7).

6. A manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising the following step, which is prior to the casting step: placing at least one fixing insert (23), such as a wooden batten for example, in the internal space (5) of the main formwork (2) such that the at least one fixing insert (23) bears against the bottom wall (3) and is disposed between and in contact with two adjacent thermal insulation elements (7), the at least one fixing insert (23) being secured and made inseparable from the load-bearing structure (15) during the hardening of the composite construction material (14) and being configured to receive internal cladding supports.

7. A manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising the following step, which is prior to the casting step: placing at least one demolding insert in the internal space (5) of the main formwork (2) such that the at least one demolding insert rests on the bottom wall (3) and is adjacent to one of the sides of the peripheral frame (4).

8. Manufacturing method according to the preceding claim, which further comprises the following step, subsequent to the hardening step: removal of at least one insert to be demolded in order to define a shoulder area (24).

9. A manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, which also includes the following step, prior to the step of installing at least one thermal insulation element (7): installing at least one secondary formwork, provided with an internal frame (6), in the internal space (5) of the main formwork (2) such that the internal frame (6) rests on the bottom wall (3); and in which at least one thermal insulation element (7) and / or at least one secondary formwork are configured so as to define a secondary recess (13) extending around the secondary formwork and intended to be filled, at least in part, with composite construction material (14) during the pouring step.

10. A manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein two opposing longitudinal or transverse edges (17;18) of the supporting structure (15) respectively comprise first and second assembly elements (21;22) configured to allow the assembly of two adjacent prefabricated elements (1).

Images