Method for preventing falling of stone or the like. network arrangement therefor

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for preventing rockfall. In a method according to the invention, at least potentially falling or sliding rock masses are identified, in particular by means of image recognition software. Furthermore, in a further method step, anchors (3) to be replaced and / or set are selected and set. Furthermore, securing areas with the identified rock masses to be secured are spanned with at least the net (4). For each anchor (3), an anchor plate (10) is attached to the respective anchor (3). Furthermore, at least one connecting element (2) is connected to two associated anchor plates (10). The invention further relates to a net arrangement (1) for preparing and / or additionally securing a protective measure, for example using a net (4) that covers a slope or a section of a slope to prevent rockfall, secure slopes and rocks, or the like.In a network arrangement according to the invention, each anchor (3) is rigidly connected to a single anchor plate (10).

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for preventing rockfall, in particular for subsequently additional slope and rock protection with protective nets, in which a slope is and / or has been covered with a net arrangement or the like, wherein at least one connecting element running between anchors is connected or connectable to at least one net, in particular a protective net, a steel mesh and / or a gabion grid, as known for example from EP 2 260 150 B1.

[0002] Further prior art is CN 114319378 A and CN 210888995 U.

[0003] There is still a need for slope stabilization systems and slope stabilization methods that can be used more flexibly, can be retrofitted advantageously and / or can be installed with lower installation risks.

[0004] The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1, comprising its characterizing features, and a network arrangement according to claim 7.

[0005] Advantageous embodiments are the subject of subclaims, which are incorporated into the description by reference, and can be found in the following description of the figures and the attached figures.

[0006] The method to be improved for preventing rockfall, in particular for the subsequent additional slope and rock stabilization with protective nets, also applies to gabion wall structures. The net used according to the invention can therefore also consist of gabion mesh mats. A slope is covered with a net arrangement or the like, or has already been covered some time ago. At least one connecting element running between anchors is connected or connectable to at least the net. If such features are met, this is a generic net arrangement.

[0007] Methods further developed according to the invention have at least the following method steps: identifying at least potentially falling or sliding rock masses, in particular by means of image recognition software, for example recorded from an opposite hand or from a drone, selecting and setting anchors to be replaced and / or set, spanning securing areas with the identified rock masses to be secured with at least the net, attaching an anchor plate to the respective anchor for each anchor, connecting the at least one connecting element to two associated anchor plates each.

[0008] The advantages of such slope stabilization methods are the ability to retrofit, the easier assembly and the cost-effective production of less frequently required components.

[0009] According to an advantageous embodiment, the connecting element consists of at least two collinear connecting element parts and is closable, in particular by clamping the connecting element parts together.

[0010] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the anchor plate is designed such that it can be placed on the anchor as an axis in two directions, so that the connection with unwinding away from the slope is only available in one of the two cases, according to most of the embodiments described below for connecting connecting elements. In the other case, the anchor plate would almost completely disappear into the slope, a wall to be secured, or a gabion wall. This would be particularly advantageous on roads or sidewalks where the securing structure cannot be too wide.

[0011] In a further advantageous embodiment, several anchor plates can be fixed at a distance from one another on a single anchor rod, in particular with lock nuts, in order to be able to form, for example, net securing devices according to the invention in front of and behind a decorative gabion pre-wall, wherein in this case too, the connection of anchor plates to gabion mesh elements is to be understood as such a net securing device.

[0012] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the anchor plate has at least one fastening edge with fastening holes, which extends radially outward at a first angle of curvature, facing away from the slope, and faces the outside. Connecting elements designed according to a first type of use each have a hooking end bent with a second curvature and, facing away from this bent hooking end, a straight extension end. The sum of the first and second angles of curvature is preferably 160° to 200°. The connecting elements are laid with the extension ends aligned at least roughly parallel to the slope. In addition, further connecting elements of adjacent anchor plates are provided for connecting.

[0013] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the anchor plates are each formed with a through hole as a central fastening hole for securing on the anchors (3) by means of a central anchor nut and with at least further fastening holes arranged radially outwards for suspending the connecting elements designed as rods and suspension ends projecting forward from the slope from the anchor plate and secured by means of rod nuts.

[0014] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the respective connecting element is first connected to the safety net stitch by stitch, or by skipping some stitches, or in any case by threading it through several times, before the connecting element is connected to the anchor plate and another connecting element of an adjacent anchor plate to complete the connection to the safety net. This is particularly advantageously done by means of a tensioning element and the extension ends of two connecting elements running parallel to each other and to be fixed therein.

[0015] According to a further advantageous embodiment, anchor-free anchor plates are positioned as additional network reception centers in the network arrangement.

[0016] A generic net arrangement serves to prepare for and / or provide additional protection for a protective measure, for example, using a net that covers a slope or a section of a slope to prevent rockfall, slope and rock stabilization, or the like. At least one connecting element running between anchors is connected or connectable to at least the net. Each anchor is rigidly connected to an anchor plate. Several connecting elements can be suspended in the respective anchor plate. The respective connecting element can be connected to another anchor plate or another connecting element, facing away from the anchor plate.During securing, an installer can first thread the connecting element into at least one net in a connection direction between anchors to be connected, then hook a curved hooking end into the anchor plate and, finally connecting it to the net, connect it to another connecting element, connecting element part or the other anchor plate.

[0017] According to an advantageous embodiment, each anchor is rigidly connected to a single anchor plate.

[0018] According to a further advantageous embodiment, the curved suspension end, which is suspended in the anchor plate through a fastening hole formed in a fastening edge angled to the plane of the plate base and terminated with an external thread, is secured with a rod nut.

[0019] According to a further advantageous embodiment, additional fastening holes are formed in the fastening edge between the fastening holes as connection holes, into which fastening hooks can be hooked, in particular for connecting to gabion baskets. After the slope has been secured, gabion baskets can be attached for decorative purposes, for example, by means of additional fastening elements that can be hooked in.

[0020] According to a further advantageous embodiment, by means of fastening holes formed in the fastening edge and / or further fastening holes of the same design arranged between the fastening holes provided for laterally extending connecting elements, connecting elements of the same design can be suspended from the front into the anchor plate, so that the connecting elements suspended from the front protrude from the slope at least roughly vertically to the front and can be screwed to the anchor plate on the side of the anchor plate facing the slope.

[0021] According to a further advantageous embodiment, an electronic surveying tool is installed. This allows settlements or deformations to be detected or recorded.

[0022] This makes the repair or restoration of damaged gabion walls easier, or even possible in the first place. The bracing arrangement prevents further deformation of the walls. After securing the gabion walls, a new gabion wall can be placed in front of them to improve their appearance. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In the following, the proposed method and the proposed network arrangement are explained, also with the aid of drawings to which reference is made. The illustrated and described embodiment serves to explain the basic principle of the present invention. Figure 1.1a plan view of a net arrangement according to the invention without a net, looking towards a slope to be secured, not shown in the background, Figure 1.2 a side view of the network arrangement Figure 1.1 , Figure 2.1 a side view of an anchor plate in a separate illustration with dashed hidden edges, Figure 2.2 a perspective top view of the anchor plate from Figure 2.1 in the axial direction, whereby the material thickness is also emphasized here by the fact that the invisible edges are shown in dashed lines, and Figure 3 a perspective view from the side of an anchor penetrating an anchor plate into which gabion hooks are hooked radially on the outside.

[0024] The Figures 1.1 and 1.2illustrate the inventive means by which a problematic slope, especially one already secured with a net structure, can be subsequently reinforced. It is not absolutely necessary to lay a new net for further protection, but the installation of an additional protective net should be part of the scope of protection, even if no net is shown. Figure 1.1 Imagine it lying flat on the drawing sheet. This would unnecessarily impair the comprehensibility of the figure.

[0025] The field of application can be described as slope and rock stabilization, construction and stabilization of artificially created embankments, gabion construction, retaining structures (e.g., retaining wall construction, vineyard construction), greenable facing shells, erosion protection of river banks, alternatives to soil-concrete stabilization, excavation pit stabilization, and verge stabilization in road areas. Gabion mesh or reinforcing steel mats are often used instead of protective nets. The connecting elements 2.1 used according to the invention can be advantageously used for fastening in all these cases, namely as a closure means that directly or indirectly connects two anchor plates to one another, preferably by forming several rigid connections, in particular screw connections.

[0026] The Figures 1.1 and 1.2The parts of a net arrangement according to the invention shown in accordance with an advantageous exemplary embodiment make the following advantageous method design understandable: To prevent rockfall from a rock face lying beneath the net arrangement 1 shown (the rock face is only mentioned as an example and is not shown. The drawing sheet is imagined to lie on the slope surface), in particular for subsequent additional slope and rock stabilization with protective nets (also not shown), in which method a slope is and / or has been covered with the net arrangement 1 or the like, at least one connecting element 2 running between anchors 3 is connected to at least one protective net, a structural steel mat and / or a gabion grid.After identifying at least potentially falling or sliding rock masses, in particular using image recognition software, for example after a drone flight, the anchors 3 to be replaced and / or additionally installed are selected and placed. The identified areas with rock masses to be secured are spanned with at least one new safety net, a new steel mesh, and / or a new gabion mesh. An anchor plate 10 is screwed onto each anchor 3. A climber and fitter can now secure themselves at a slope position and thread a fastening element 2.1 into the safety net (not shown) along an imaginary connecting line between two anchors 3. This is followed by fastening the at least one connecting element 2.1 into the anchor plates 10, thus closing the integrated safety net using the at least one connecting element 2.1 and the anchor plates 10.

[0027] In the advantageous embodiment in the Figures 1.1 and 1.2 In the case shown, the anchor plate 10 has at least one fastening edge 14 with fastening holes 11, 12, 13, which is provided radially outwards at a first angle of curvature α and faces away from the slope. Connecting elements 2.1 designed according to a first type of use each have a hooking end 5 bent with a second curvature β and a straight extension end 6 facing away from the hooking end 5. The sum of the first and second angles of curvature is approximately 160° to 200°, depending on the terrain and the selected curvature strength 9, so that the connecting elements 2.1 are laid with the extension ends 6 aligned at least roughly parallel to the slope and are provided for connection to other connecting elements 2.1 of adjacent anchor plates 10.

[0028] The anchor plates 10 each have a through hole as a central fastening hole 13 for securing to the anchors 3 by means of a central anchor nut 4.2. Further fastening holes 11 are formed or arranged radially outward for suspending the connecting elements 2.1 designed as rods and for suspending ends 5 projecting forward from the slope from the anchor plate 10 and secured by means of rod nuts 4.1.

[0029] The respective connecting element 2.1 is first connected to the safety net stitch by stitch, or skipping a few stitches, or in any case threading it in several times, before the connecting element 2.1 is connected to the anchor plate 10 and a further connecting element 2.1 of an adjacent anchor plate 10 to complete the connection to the safety net, namely according to the advantageous embodiment shown by means of a tensioning element 8 and extension ends 6 of the two connecting elements 2.1 which run parallel to one another and are to be fixed and meet therein without direct contact.

[0030] Anchor-free anchor plates 10, in the Figures 2.1 and 2.2 shown in a separate illustration, can be positioned as additional net reception centers in the net arrangement 1 to condense the multiple spider web-like structure.

[0031] As a net arrangement 1 according to the invention for additionally securing a protective measure, for example using a protective net, a gabion mesh and / or a reinforcing steel mat, which covers a slope or a section of a slope to prevent rockfall, slope and rock stabilization or the like, at least one connecting element 2 running between the anchors 3 (in contrast, two connecting elements between two anchors are shown) is connected or connectable to at least one protective net. Accordingly, the scope of the invention also includes a tensioning cable which, as a connecting element, is pulled through openings in two adjacent anchor plates and is connected to itself in a tensioning manner. Each anchor 3 is rigidly connected to an anchor plate 10.This has the advantage that the anchor plate does not accidentally turn away or tilt sideways at the wrong moment, for example if a connecting rod is only to be hooked in, which can provide sufficient safety even without additional securing by means of a rod nut if the curvature 9 is greater than 100°.

[0032] A plurality of connecting elements 2 can be suspended from the respective anchor plate 10. Away from the anchor plate 10, the respective connecting element 2 can be connected to another anchor plate 10 or another connecting element 2. During securing, an installer can first thread the connecting element 2 into the at least one safety net in a connecting direction between anchors 3 to be connected, then suspend a curved suspension end 5 from the anchor plate 10, and finally connect the connection to the safety net with another connecting element 2 or the additional anchor plate 10.

[0033] The curved β suspension end 5, which is suspended in the anchor plate 10 through a fastening hole 11 formed in a fastening edge 14 angled α to the plane of the plate base and terminated with an external thread, is secured with the rod nut 4.1 already mentioned.

[0034] In the fastening edge 14, between the fastening holes 11, additional fastening holes are formed as connection holes 12. Fastening hooks 2.3 can be hooked into the connection holes 12, in particular for connection to gabion baskets.

[0035] By means of fastening holes 11 formed in the fastening edge 14 and / or additional fastening holes 11 of the same design arranged between the fastening holes 11 provided for laterally extending connecting elements 2.1, connecting elements 2.2 of the same design can be suspended from the front into the anchor plate 10. The connecting elements 2.2 suspended from the front protrude at least roughly vertically forward from the slope. On the side of the anchor plate 10 facing the slope, they can be screwed to the same.

[0036] According to the idea of the invention, the aim is primarily to secure the slope afterwards. The slope can also be supported by gabion baskets, so that the installed gabions could be understood as a net structure to be reinforced. In the case of retaining walls, one success of the invention can be to reduce the thickness of a newly constructed retaining wall compared to a retaining wall that would otherwise provide the supporting effect without the net arrangement according to the invention. If the retaining wall is not a new one but, for example, a natural stone wall that is worth preserving but critical, it can be preserved as a result of the invention because not only does a protective net hold the wall but divides the protective net areas into smaller surface segments, the net arrangement stretching like a spider's web over the protective net statically secures the wall or slope much more effectively.The preferred rod structure holds back the slope much more reliably, to any desired strength, depending on the number of anchor plates 10.

[0037] An expansion of the anchor / nail grid is possible for nailing, supporting structures, etc. Connecting rods 2.1 can be individually extended using the connecting piece 8.

[0038] Faster installation of mats / meshes / nets / grids leads to cost savings, even if the proposed components used are not standard components and are therefore more expensive to purchase.

[0039] Retaining structures can be constructed with a smaller thickness, resulting in cost savings due to less removal / disposal of soil and rock material.

[0040] Savings on facing bricks, as these are only installed for aesthetic purposes and do not have to bear any static loads.

[0041] For artificially constructed slopes or facings, existing soil or stones can be used for backfill. In the case of stones, the pore space can be used as a shelter for reptiles.

[0042] Gabion support structures can be designed with smaller depths, since the anchors / nails in combination with the connecting rods absorb the loads that occur; in the case of the net arrangement according to the invention, the gabion stones are only installed as a facing.

[0043] When used as rock and hand protection with mats / meshes / nets / grids, mats / meshes / nets / grids with lower tensile strengths can be used, since the net arrangement according to the invention absorbs the main load.

[0044] The implementation of excavation pit support systems with mats / meshes / nets / grids in combination with the net arrangement according to the invention leads to reduced bulging of originally used net structures by pre-tensioning the connecting rods. List of reference symbols

[0045] 1Net arrangement 2Connecting element 2.1Connecting element part 2.2Connecting element part 3Anchor 4Net 4.1Rod nut 4.2Central anchor nut 5Hanging end 6Extension end 8Tensioning element 10Anchor plate 11Mounting holes 12Mounting holes 13Mounting holes 14Mounting edge αCurvature angle βCurvature

Claims

1. A method for preventing rockfall, in particular for subsequently securing slopes and rocks with protective nets, in which a slope is covered and / or has been covered with a net arrangement (1) or the like, wherein at least one connecting element (2) extending between anchors (3) is connected or can be connected to at least one net (4), characterized by at least the following method steps: 1.1 Identifying at least potentially falling or sliding rock masses, in particular by means of image recognition software, 1.2 Selecting and setting anchors (3) to be replaced and / or set, 1.3 Spanning securing areas with the identified rock masses to be secured with at least the net (4), 1.4 Fastening an anchor plate (10) to the respective anchor (3) for each anchor (3), 1.5 Connecting the at least one connecting element (2) to two associated anchor plates (10).

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting element (2) consists of at least two collinear connecting element parts (2.1) and is closable, in particular by clamping the connecting element parts (2.1) together.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that3.1 the anchor plate (10) has at least one fastening edge (14) with fastening holes (11, 12, 13) which is provided radially outwards at a first angle of curvature (α) facing away from the slope and which faces outside, 3.2 connecting elements (2.1) designed according to a first type of use each have a suspension end (5) which is bent with a second curvature (β) and a straight extension end (6) facing away from the suspension end (5), and 3.3 and that the sum of the first and second angles of curvature results in 160° to 200°, so that the connecting elements (2.1) are laid with the extension ends (6) aligned at least roughly parallel to the slope and are provided for connection with further connecting elements (2.1) of adjacent anchor plates (10).

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatthe anchor plates (10) are each 4.1 with a through hole as a central fastening hole (13) for securing on the anchors (3) by means of a central anchor nut (4.2) and 4.2 with at least further fastening holes (11) arranged radially on the outside for suspending the connecting elements (2.1) designed as rods and suspending ends (5) projecting forward from the slope from the anchor plate (10) to be secured by means of rod nuts (4.1).

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatthe respective connecting element (2.1) is first connected to the safety net stitch by stitch, or omitting some stitches, in any case by threading it through several times, before the connecting element (2.1) is connected to the anchor plate (10) and a further connecting element (2.1) of an adjacent anchor plate (10) to complete the connection to the safety net, in particular by means of a tensioning element (8) and extension ends (6) of two connecting elements (2.1) which run parallel to one another and are to be fixed therein.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that anchor-free anchor plates (10) are positioned as additional network reception centers in the network arrangement (1).

7. A net arrangement (1) for preparing and / or additionally securing a protective measure, for example using a net (4) that covers a slope or a section of a slope to prevent rockfall, slope and rock stabilization, or the like, wherein 7.1 at least one connecting element (2) running between anchors (3) is connected or connectable to at least one net (4), 7.2 each anchor (3) is rigidly connected to an anchor plate (10), and wherein 7.3 several connecting elements (2) can be suspended in the respective anchor plate (10), and the respective connecting element (2) can be connected to a further anchor plate (10) or a further connecting element (2) facing away from the anchor plate (10), 7.4 so that during securing, a fitter can first thread the connecting element (2) into the at least one net (4) in a connecting direction between anchors (3) to be connected, then hook a curved hooking end (5) into the anchor plate (10) and, finally connecting it to the net (4), connect it to a further connecting element (2), connecting element part (2.1) or the further anchor plate (10).

8. Network arrangement according to claim 7, characterized in that each armature (3) is rigidly connected to a single armature plate (10).

9. Network arrangement according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the curved (β) suspension end (5) which is suspended in the anchor plate (10) through a fastening hole (11) formed in a fastening edge (14) which is angled (α) to the plane of the plate base and which ends with an external thread is secured with a rod nut (4.1).

10. Network arrangement according to claim 9, characterized in thatin the fastening edge (14) between the fastening holes (11) further fastening holes are formed as connection holes (12), into which fastening hooks (2.3) can be hooked, in particular for connection to gabion baskets.

11. Network arrangement according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that by means of fastening holes (11) formed in the fastening edge (14) and / or further fastening holes (11) of the same design arranged between the fastening holes (11) provided for laterally extending connecting elements (2.1), similarly designed connecting elements (2.2) can be suspended from the front into the anchor plate (10), so that the connecting elements (2.2) suspended from the front protrude at least roughly vertically forwards from the slope and can be screwed to the same on the side of the anchor plate (10) facing the slope.

12. Network arrangement according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that an electronic surveying tool is installed.

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