Heat accumulator and method for assembling a heat accumulator

Abstract

A heat accumulator (1) is proposed, comprising a storage container (2) and thermal insulation (3) of the storage container (2) from the environment, wherein at least part of the thermal insulation (3) is designed as bulk material (14) and introduced into a receiving area (4) on the outside of the storage container (2), and the storage container (2) is at least partially surrounded by additional insulation (12). The thermal insulation (3) of the proposed heat accumulator (1) enables simple disassembly and recycling of the materials used. A method for assembling a heat accumulator (1) is also proposed.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a heat accumulator and a method for assembling a heat accumulator.

[0002] Systems for providing heat for hot water and / or for heating can include heat storage units for storing heated water or one or more other heat transfer media or sources. Particularly when using renewable energies, such as solar thermal energy, there can be good conditions for heat generation on the one hand and a demand or call for hot water on the other. In order to be able to supply the amount or temperature of heat generated using renewable energies requested by a user, heat storage units are used that are designed to store heated heat transfer media until needed. A heat storage unit can also be used to store cooled heat transfer media that is kept on hand for cooling a room. Renewable energies can also be used to cool the heat transfer media.

[0003] Such heat storage systems typically comprise a storage tank for the heat transfer medium, which is thermally insulated from the environment to minimize heat loss. The insulation used for this purpose should enclose the storage tank as tightly as possible to prevent the formation of thermal bridges, convection (chimney effect), and associated heat loss. The insulation is usually made of well-known insulation materials, often expanded or foamed plastics such as polyurethane (PUR), polystyrene, or even nonwoven plastics, such as polyester. A disadvantage of such materials is their limited recycling options, which makes them only partially suitable for the desired circular economy.

[0004] The insulation of a heat storage tank can be assembled from several parts. An example of such insulation is shown in DE 195 27 465 C2, in which the insulation consists of two pot-shaped partial insulation bodies that, when fitted together, form a closed container. Other designs are also known, for example, with a tongue-and-groove connection of insulation parts, as in DE 10 2004 039 437 A1.

[0005] Alternatively, one-piece insulation is known, applying insulation material directly to the storage tank, for example, by foaming it with a plastic foam such as polyurethane (PUR). Materials suitable for foaming, such as PUR foam, advantageously have lower thermal conductivity compared to materials suitable for removable, multi-piece insulation, such as expanded polystyrene. The associated increased volume of multi-piece insulation compared to one-piece insulation can represent a significant disadvantage for large-volume heat storage units due to the significantly increased installation space required, especially during transport processes within production. Furthermore, with multi-piece insulation, the formation of thermal bridges in the connecting areas cannot be completely prevented, or there is a risk that this will be encouraged by improper installation of the insulation.

[0006] A significant disadvantage of one-piece insulation is its difficulty in disassembly. For example, the rigidly foamed thermal PUR insulation of a heat storage tank can currently only be removed mechanically, for example, by cutting, scraping, and scraping from the storage tank, with considerable effort. However, if the materials of a heat storage tank are to be recycled, it is necessary to separate the insulation and the storage tank. Furthermore, the considerable size of a heat storage tank with one-piece insulation can make it difficult to transport it to the installation site or limit the storage volume that can be transported to the installation site.

[0007] In addition, GB 545680 A, DE 941 9611 U1, and DE 10 2013 016 705 A1 show heat storage systems in which a bulk material is placed as insulation in a designated space in the storage tank. However, the insulating effect of these solutions appears to be insufficient.

[0008] Based on this, the object of the invention is to propose a heat storage device and a method for assembling a heat storage device that at least partially overcome the described problems of the prior art. In particular, the heat storage device should combine the features of low heat loss and installation space requirements with simple production and the possibility of easy separation of the storage container and insulation. Furthermore, the heat storage device, and in particular its thermal insulation, should be dismantled in a manner. The materials used should be largely separable and thus suitable for reuse or recycling.

[0009] These objects are achieved by the features of the independent patent claims. Further advantageous embodiments of the solution proposed here are specified in the independent patent claims. It should be noted that the features listed in the dependent patent claims can be combined with one another in any technologically expedient manner and define further embodiments of the invention. Furthermore, the features specified in the patent claims are further specified and explained in the description, with further preferred embodiments of the invention being presented.

[0010] A heat storage device comprising a storage container and thermal insulation of the storage container from the environment contributes to this. At least part of the thermal insulation is designed as a bulk material and is inserted into a receiving area on the outside of the storage container, and the storage container is at least partially surrounded by additional insulation.

[0011] A heat storage unit is a heat storage device used to supply a building with heat for heating or hot water, or also with cold, for example for cooling a room. The heat storage unit comprises a storage container for holding a (liquid) heat transfer medium, for example hot water or heating water. The heat storage unit can therefore be designed as a buffer tank, hot water storage unit, and / or stratified storage unit. The heat storage unit can comprise one or more heat exchangers for transferring a heat flow, for example for heat exchange with a heating circuit of a heating system, a volume flow of domestic water to be heated, a cooling circuit of a heat pump system, and / or another sustainable heat source. A heat exchanger can, for example, be designed as a pipe coil, which (when installed or assembled) can usually be arranged in a section of the hot water storage unit.

[0012] The heat storage unit includes thermal insulation that completely surrounds or encloses the storage container. The thermal insulation prevents heat exchange between the storage container and its contents and the environment, thus reducing heat losses from the heat storage unit. The design of at least part of the thermal insulation as bulk material enables particularly easy recycling of the material.

[0013] The storage container may be a known storage container, for example made of a metallic material or a plastic.

[0014] According to one embodiment, the heat accumulator and / or the storage container can have a cylindrical shape. The base area can, in particular, be circular.

[0015] The thermal insulation can comprise a casing that can be attached to the storage tank at a position largely equidistant from the surface of the latter. The receiving area formed by the casing and the storage tank should be sealed against the thermal insulation introduced as bulk material. The casing can be constructed in several parts and can be joined during assembly, for example by gluing, and attached to the storage tank. The casing can have at least one closable inlet opening for blowing in the bulk material. Ventilation openings can also be provided for the blowing-in process, which can be equipped with a filter element to retain the thermal insulation introduced as bulk material.

[0016] Bulk material is defined here in particular as a powdery, granular or lumpy mixture that is in a pourable form and can thus be introduced into the receiving area.

[0017] According to one embodiment, the bulk material part of the thermal insulation may comprise at least one material selected from the following group: Nanoporous polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), silicates, in particular nanoporous silicates, fumed silica, perlite, aerogels, in particular silicate aerogels, nanoporous silicate aerogels, in particular a silicate aerogel with the structure SiO(OH) y (OR) z , aerographenes (graphene-based aerogels), and / or expanded polystyrene granules with and without graphite additives. If necessary, two or more of the materials mentioned can be used in combination.

[0018] The aforementioned materials exhibit particularly low thermal conductivity, so that heat losses can be even reduced compared to conventional one-piece insulation, even with the same installation space requirements and thermal insulation thickness. Furthermore, the bulk thermal insulation can be easily removed during disassembly, for example, by vacuuming, and directly reused or recycled.

[0019] Alternatively or cumulatively, natural materials, which are often considered particularly sustainable, can also be used as bulk material for thermal insulation. In this respect, the bulk part of the thermal insulation can comprise at least one natural material selected from the following group: Flax, hemp, hemp jute, wood fibers (loose), wood shavings, wood wool, jute fibers (loose), expanded or non-expanded cork and / or cork clay, sheep's wool, reed fibers, seaweed, straw, for example straw fibers, and / or cellulose, in particular cellulose flakes. If necessary, two or more of the materials mentioned can be used in combination, possibly also in combination with the materials listed above. The aforementioned materials for thermal insulation are advantageously readily biodegradable and therefore particularly sustainable. Furthermore, no complex manufacturing process is required.

[0020] According to one embodiment, the thermal insulation can comprise a base element made of a thermally insulating material. The base element can, for example, have a recess for receiving the storage container and be designed to support the weight of the storage container filled with heat transfer fluid. Suitable materials for the base plate can be, for example, cross-linked porous or nanoporous polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), expanded polystyrene (EPS), and / or expanded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (e-ABS).

[0021] According to one embodiment, the base element can comprise at least one support structure designed to absorb the weight forces of the filled storage container. For this purpose, the support structure can be integrated into the base element or connected to it. The support structure can advantageously be designed with low thermal conductivity. Suitable materials for the support structure can be, for example, plastics or plastic composites, ceramic materials, glass, metal, or metal composites.

[0022] According to one embodiment, a casing element can be connected to the base element, and the receiving area can be formed by the space between the casing element and the storage container. For this purpose, the casing element can be pre-formed, for example as a tubular element for receiving the storage container. Alternatively, the casing element can also be a flexible, flat element that is molded onto the base element during assembly. For this purpose, the base element can, for example, have a circumferential groove into which the casing element can be inserted, thus creating a cylindrical shape that is arranged largely equidistant from the surface of the storage container. A tongue and groove connection can also be provided between the casing element and the base element. Alternatively, the casing element can also be placed or wrapped around an outer contour of the base element.The jacket element can be connected to the outer contour in a form-fitting or material-fitting manner, for example, by means of adhesives, rivets, screws, a double-sided grooved strip, and / or a hook-and-loop fastener. The connection should ensure a seal against the particles of the thermal insulation to be introduced as bulk material. The jacket element can be made of a plastic, a metal or metal alloy, a textile structure (e.g., a PET nonwoven), or other thin-walled materials.

[0023] According to one embodiment, a cover element made of a thermally insulating material can be connected to the casing element. For this purpose, the cover element can be arranged on the side of the casing element opposite the base element. The cover element can be made of the same material as the base element, which can advantageously reduce the amount of materials to be recycled. The cover element can also have a groove for receiving the casing element. Alternatively or cumulatively, the cover element can also be connected to the casing element using the options for connecting the base element described above.

[0024] According to one embodiment, at least one support element can be stretched around the circumference of the casing element. The support element can be, for example, a belt or a ring stretched around the circumference of the casing element.

[0025] The receiving area should have at least one inlet opening for introducing the thermal insulation in bulk form. Multiple inlet openings are also expressly permitted. Ventilation openings for blowing in the bulk material can also be provided, which can be equipped with a filter element to retain the bulk material.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the receiving area can be segmented, i.e., divided into several independent sub-areas. These should then each have at least one inlet opening. In a cylindrical storage tank or heat accumulator, segments can be created by means of separating elements in the radial direction. Alternatively or cumulatively, the separating elements can be aligned in an axial direction, thus creating radial segmentation.

[0027] According to one embodiment, the receiving area can form a flow channel. This can, for example, wind around the storage container in a helical shape and be formed by one or more separating elements inside the receiving area. The flow channel can also be segmented, i.e., divided into sub-areas. The separating element can advantageously be made of the same material as the casing element. An inlet opening can be arranged at one end of the flow channel.

[0028] The storage tank is at least partially surrounded by additional insulation. The additional insulation can be directly adjacent to the storage tank. The additional insulation can consist of a particularly temperature-resistant or heat-insulating material. The additional insulation can, for example, comprise one or more vacuum panels. These can be arranged in particular in the upper area of the storage tank when installed. The upper area can, for example, refer to the upper half to one upper third of the height in relation to the total height of the storage tank. It is understood that the additional insulation can surround any area of the storage tank that can be selected as required, i.e. the entire storage tank, or in the case of a heat storage tank with a cylindrical shape, only its outer surface.

[0029] In particular, the additional insulation can be arranged at a distance from the storage tank within the receiving area. This results in a structure in which bulk material is arranged between the storage tank and the additional insulation. In this embodiment, the additional insulation can also comprise one or more vacuum panels. The arrangement of the additional insulation at a distance from the storage tank advantageously enables easy disassembly of the thermal insulation of the heat storage unit and separate disposal or reuse of the insulation materials.

[0030] A vacuum panel can consist, in particular, of a flexible, airtight, diffusion-tight shell into which an insulating filler material (e.g., fumed silica or thermally expanded perlite) is inserted. After the filler material is inserted, the air can be evacuated from the shell, and the shell can be sealed hermetically.

[0031] According to one embodiment, the at least one vacuum panel can comprise a first side and a second side as additional insulation. The first and second sides face towards or away from the storage container. The at least one vacuum panel can have a (regular) waviness with a period, i.e. a distance from one wave trough to an adjacent wave trough, on the first side and / or the second side. For example, the waviness can correspond to an angular function. Two vacuum panels can also be placed one above the other, in particular in the region of the outer surface of the storage container, wrapping around the latter or stacked on top of the latter. A first vacuum panel, which lies against the storage container, can have a first period, and a second vacuum panel, which surrounds the first vacuum panel, can have a second period.The first and second periods can be selected such that, depending on the radius of the storage container, an interlocking of the corrugations of the first vacuum panel and the second vacuum panel is ensured, so that the first and second vacuum panels are in contact as completely as possible or over their entire surface. According to one embodiment, the first and second periods can be selected such that the circumference of the storage container, U = 2 π r cyl, is divided into n parts. The number of parts n can be in a range from 10 to 750, in particular in a range from 30 to 500.

[0032] According to one embodiment, a vacuum panel may have a waviness on only one side and the other side may be flat.

[0033] According to one embodiment, a vacuum panel can have a corrugation with a first period on one side and a third corrugation on the second side, opposite the first side. The first corrugation can be configured to engage with a corrugation of a second vacuum panel adjacent to the first vacuum panel and to lie flat against it or to make flat contact with it. The third period can be configured to support the flexibility and elasticity of the second side of the vacuum panel. For this purpose, the third period can be in a range from ½ to 1 / 150 of the first or second period.

[0034] According to one embodiment, the first period can have a first thickness (or height or amplitude) and the third period a third thickness. The ratio of the first thickness to the third thickness can be in a range from 1 / 2 to 1 / 150. Given that the first and second periods vary only slightly to compensate for the radius of the storage container, the above-specified range also applies to the ratio of the second to the third thickness.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the additional insulation or the at least one vacuum panel may comprise pyrogenic silica or thermally expanded perlite as materials.

[0036] According to a further aspect, a method for assembling a heat storage device is proposed, in which bulk material is blown into a receiving area as thermally insulating material. The method enables the quick and easy provision of thermal insulation for a heat storage device. Particularly advantageous is that the insulation introduced as bulk material is free of cavities and the associated thermal bridges. In this respect, thermal bridges in the thermal insulation formed as bulk material can be largely eliminated. Thus, connections or lines passing through the receiving area can also be completely surrounded with insulation material using the blowing-in method. In addition, the blown-in bulk material stabilizes and mechanically stabilizes the outer shell, in particular the casing element.

[0037] The process can be particularly advantageously carried out at the installation site of the heat storage unit. The storage tank advantageously has a significantly smaller volume compared to the thermally insulated heat storage unit, thus simplifying or even enabling transport to the installation site. Alternatively, the process can also be carried out at the factory during the production of the heat storage unit, with a finished heat storage unit equipped with thermal insulation being transported to the installation site.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the method allows the storage tank to be placed on a base plate, and the casing element to be subsequently connected to the base plate. For this purpose, the base element should be made of a thermally insulating material and be designed to support the weight of the filled storage tank.

[0039] According to one embodiment, a cover element can be placed on the shell element. This allows thermal insulation that completely surrounds the storage tank to be easily formed. The cover element and base element can be made of the same material, thus simplifying disassembly and the associated recycling.

[0040] According to one embodiment, the additional insulation can be fixed in the receiving area with holding elements before the bulk material is introduced and / or blown into the receiving area. By means of the holding elements, which can also be understood as spacers from the storage container, an arrangement of the additional insulation at a distance from the storage container can be achieved in a simple manner. After the bulk material has been introduced, the additional insulation is advantageously fixed in the receiving area at a distance from the bulk material and the storage container. The spacers can be clamping elements, for example, which are clamped into the receiving area and thereby fix the additional insulation. It is also possible for the additional insulation to form an outer closure of the receiving area, so that bulk material is only arranged between the additional insulation and the storage container.

[0041] The casing element and base element, or the casing element and cover element, can be connected using known form-fitting or material-fitting methods, such as adhesive bonding or a hook-and-loop fastener. A groove can also be provided in the base and / or cover element to accommodate the casing element, enabling a form-fitting connection.

[0042] According to one embodiment, at least one support element radially enclosing the casing element can be attached to the heat storage unit. This can support the stability of the casing element and ensure a permanent connection between the casing element and the base or cover element. The at least one support element can be a belt or a ring. The support element can be attached, for example, by placing it around the circumference of the casing element and subsequently reducing its length (circumference) so that the support element is tensioned around the casing element.

[0043] Disassembly of the heat storage unit can be easily accomplished by reversing the assembly process. In particular, the thermal insulation, which was introduced as bulk material, can be easily vacuumed out of the storage area and then sorted and recycled.

[0044] The details, features, and advantageous embodiments discussed in connection with the heat storage device can also be applied to the method presented here, and vice versa. In this respect, reference is made in full to the explanations therein for a more detailed characterization of the features.

[0045] This therefore provides a heat storage device and a method for assembling a heat storage device which at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art. In particular, the heat storage device and the method at least contribute to creating a heat storage device that is simply constructed and has excellent thermal insulation without cavities and thermal bridges. Advantageously, the design of at least part of the thermal insulation of the heat storage device as a bulk material enables the individual raw materials of the heat storage device and in particular the thermal insulation to be recycled or reprocessed separately. In this respect, the proposed heat storage device is particularly sustainable and enables a circular economy for the materials used for the thermal insulation.The invention can offer a particularly high degree of flexibility in the installation of the thermal insulation, since the proposed method can also be carried out at the installation site, thereby reducing problems when transporting the heat storage unit to the installation site.

[0046] Thus, an insulating filling is proposed here, which is / will be arranged between the heat storage unit and a second outer wall, whereby the intermediate space is not evacuated. Nanoporous polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or other organic or inorganic materials whose thermal conductivity as bulk material is comparable to or better than PUR foam are particularly suggested as the filling material for the intermediate space. This has the advantage that the bulk material can be easily vacuumed away during disassembly and thus recycled in a sorted manner.

[0047] The invention and the technical environment are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying figures. It should be noted that the invention is not intended to be limited by the exemplary embodiments cited. In particular, unless explicitly stated otherwise, it is also possible to extract partial aspects of the facts explained in the figures and combine them with other components and findings from the present description. In particular, it should be noted that the figures and, in particular, the illustrated proportions are only schematic. They show: Fig. 1 - Fig. 6, Fig. 11: different designs of a heat storage device, and Fig. 7 - Fig. 10: different designs of a vacuum panel

[0048] Fig. 1 shows, by way of example and schematically, a heat accumulator 1. This comprises a storage container 2 which is surrounded by thermal insulation 3. The thermal insulation 3 comprises a base element 5 which has a recess for receiving the storage container 2. A casing element 6 can be introduced into a groove 15 of the base element 5 and thus fixed in a cylindrical shape which is arranged largely equidistant from the surface of the storage container 2. A cover element 7 can be connected to the top of the casing element 6. A receiving area 4 can thus be formed between the casing element 6, the storage container 2 and the base element 5 as well as the cover element 7, which receiving area 4 can be filled with bulk material 14 as the material of the thermal insulation 3 via an injection opening 8.To simplify the blowing process of the bulk material 14 into the receiving area 4, at least one ventilation opening 9 can be provided, which is provided with a filter 10 for retaining the bulk material 14 in the receiving area 4. In addition, additional insulation 12 is provided, which comprises at least one vacuum panel 23, 26. The additional insulation was provided in the example according to . Fig. 1 Within the scope of a method proposed here, the bulk material 14 is fixed in the receiving area 4 at a distance from the storage container 2 using holding elements 22. The bulk material 14 was then introduced into the receiving area 4 as described above, so that the bulk material 14 fixes the additional insulation 12 in the receiving area 4. In this respect, the holding elements 22 serve in particular to fix the additional insulation 12 for the introduction of the bulk material 14. The holding elements 22 can be simple clamping elements, for example made of a plastic.

[0049] Fig. 2 shows, by way of example and schematically, another embodiment of the heat accumulator 1. This embodiment has support elements 13 that enclose or span the casing element 6 on the outside and thus fix it in position. The support elements 13 can be, for example, belts or rings.

[0050] Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of a heat accumulator 1 proposed here. This has dividing elements 11 in the receiving area 4, which divide the receiving area into segments. In the present case, the receiving area 4 is divided by the two dividing elements 11 into a first segment 16, a second segment 17 and a third segment 18. It is understood that each segment 16, 17, 18 must comprise at least one injection opening 8 and, if necessary, also at least one ventilation opening 9 with a filter 10 in order to fill the segment 16, 17, 18 with bulk material 14 in a blowing-in process. Advantageously, filling the segments 16, 17, 18 is easier and a largely complete filling can be achieved without thermal bridges or blowholes. In addition, the heat accumulator 1 has additional insulation 12 adjacent to the storage container 2.

[0051] In the Fig. 4 In the embodiment of the heat accumulator 1 shown, separating elements 11 are arranged such that a helical flow channel 20 is formed. The flow channel 20 can facilitate filling with bulk material 14 during an injection process.

[0052] Fig. 5 shows a schematic design of the heat storage device 1 with the additional insulation 12, which here surrounds the upper region of the storage tank 2. The additional insulation 12 can be connected to the cover element 7 and / or the storage tank 2. The additional insulation 12 can reduce a high heat loss in areas where this is expected. It is expressly noted that the additional insulation 12 can also surround the entire storage tank 2 or just its outer surface.

[0053] Fig. 6 shows, by way of example and schematically, a horizontal arrangement of the storage tank 1, in which the main axis 21 (also referred to as the height of the cylinder shape) is aligned horizontally in the installed state. To ensure a secure stand of the heat storage tank 1 in this position, stand elements 19 can be provided, on which the heat storage tank 1 rests and which contact the filled storage tank 2 to absorb the loads. In addition, the Fig. 6 a storage tank 2 which is completely enclosed by the additional insulation 12.

[0054] Fig. 7 shows, by way of example and schematically, a (first) vacuum panel 23 with a first side 27 and a second side 28. This can have a shell that has been filled with a filling material 33 and subsequently evacuated (containing air). The vacuum panel 23 can have a regular waviness of the first side 27 and the second side 28 with a first period 24. The waviness can, for example, have the shape of an angular function.

[0055] Fig. 8 shows, by way of example and schematically, a first vacuum panel 23 and a second vacuum panel 26 lying one above the other. The first vacuum panel 23 has a first side 27, which can face the storage container 2, and a second side 28, which can be directed outwards and is in contact with the first side 27 of the second vacuum panel 26 over almost its entire surface. The resulting composite is designed to enclose the outer surface of the storage container 2 in the region of the casing element 6. For this purpose, the first vacuum panel 23 has a first period 24 and the second vacuum panel 26 has a wide period 25. The first period 24 and second period 25 are varied depending on the radius of the storage container 2, so that full-surface contact between the second side 28 of the first vacuum panel 23 and the first side 28 of the second vacuum panel is achieved.Thus, a joint 32 can be formed between the first vacuum panel 23 and the second vacuum panel 26, in which the first and second vacuum panels 23, 26 largely lie against each other over their entire surface.

[0056] Fig. 9 shows, by way of example and schematically, a further embodiment of two vacuum panels 23, 26 lying one above the other. Here, the first side 27 of the first vacuum panel and the second side 28 of the second vacuum panel 26 are flat, whereby the contact of the composite of the first vacuum panel 23 and the second vacuum panel 26 to the storage container 2 and / or to the bulk material 14 in the receiving area 4 can be improved.

[0057] Fig. 10 shows, by way of example and schematically, a further embodiment of two vacuum panels 23, 26 lying one above the other. Here, the first side 27 of the first vacuum panel 23 and the second side 28 of the second vacuum panel 26 are designed with a waviness with a third period 31. The third period 31 is significantly smaller than the first period 24 and second period 25 and is intended in particular to improve the flexibility and elasticity of the first and / or second vacuum panel 23, 26. For example, the third period can be 1 / 50 of the first period. The waviness with the first or second period can have a first thickness 29. The variance of the first and second periods 24, 25 to compensate for the radius of the storage container 2 was neglected here. The waviness with the third period 31 has a third thickness 30. The ratio of the first thickness 29 to the third thickness 30 can be 1 / 50.

[0058] Fig. 11 shows, by way of example and schematically, a sectional view of a top view of the heat storage tank 1. On the storage tank 2, in the receiving area 4, there is a composite of a first and second vacuum panel 23, 26 as additional insulation 12 according to the Fig. 8 , 9 oder 10 to. List of reference symbols

[0059] 1Heat storage 2Storage tank 3Thermal insulation 4Receiving area 5Base element 6Shell element 7Cover element 8Inlet opening 9Ventilation opening 10Filter 11Separation element 12Additional insulation 13Support element 14Bulk material 15Groove 16First segment 17Second segment 18Third segment 19Stand element 20Flow channel 21Main axis 22Retaining element 23First vacuum panel 24First period 25Second period 26Second vacuum panel 27First side 28Second side 29First thickness 30Third thickness 31Third period 32Joint point 33Filling material

Claims

1. Heat storage device (1), comprising a storage container (2) and thermal insulation (3) of the storage container (2) from the environment, wherein at least part of the thermal insulation (3) is designed as a bulk material (14) and is introduced into a receiving area (4) on the outside of the storage container (2), and the storage container (2) is at least partially surrounded by additional insulation (12).

2. Heat accumulator (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the part of the thermal insulation (3) designed as bulk material (14) comprises at least one material selected from the following group: - nanoporous polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), - silicate, - nanoporous silicate - fumed silica, - perlite, - aerogel, - aerographene, - natural material.

3. Heat accumulator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermal insulation (3) comprises a base element (5) made of a thermally insulating material.

4. Heat storage device (1) according to claim 3, wherein the base element (5) comprises at least one support structure configured to absorb the weight forces of the filled storage container (2).

5. Heat accumulator (1) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a casing element (6) is connected to the base element (5) and the receiving area (4) is formed by the intermediate space between the casing element (6) and the storage container (2).

6. Heat accumulator (1) according to claim 5, wherein a cover element (7) made of a thermally insulating material is connected to the casing element (6).

7. Heat accumulator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiving area (4) is segmented.

8. Heat accumulator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the additional insulation (12) comprises at least one vacuum panel.

9. Heat accumulator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the additional insulation (12) is arranged at a distance from the storage container (2) within the receiving area (4).

10. Heat accumulator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the heat accumulator (1) is designed for an installation position in which the height or main axis (21) of the storage container (2) is aligned horizontally, and stand elements (19) made of a thermally insulating material contact the storage container (2).

11. Method for assembling a heat accumulator (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein bulk material (14) is blown as thermally insulating material into a receiving area (4) on the outside of the storage container (2).

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the storage container (2) is placed on a base element (5) and then a casing element (6) is connected to the base element (5).

13. Method according to one of claims 10 or 11, wherein a cover element (7) is placed on the casing element (6).

14. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the additional insulation is fixed in the receiving area (4) with holding elements (22) before the bulk material (14) is introduced into a receiving area (4) as thermally insulating material.

15. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein at least one support element (13) radially enclosing the casing element (6) is attached.

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