Pressurized gas tank for vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a pressurized gas tank (3) for a vehicle, comprising: - a liner (7) made of plastic material, - a composite reinforcing structure (9) wound around the liner (7), - an electrical heating device (11) configured to keep the liner (7) at a temperature above a predetermined threshold, the electrical heating device (11) comprising a heating strip (21) arranged between the liner (7) and an outer surface (23) of the composite reinforcing structure (9), and having an inner surface (32) in contact with the liner (7).

Description

Pressurized gas tank for vehicle Technical field of the invention

[0001] The invention relates to the field of pressure tanks for vehicles, such as motor vehicles, trucks, buses, trains or even boats. The invention relates more particularly to a pressurized gas tank for vehicles, as well as to a vehicle comprising such a pressurized gas tank. Technical background

[0002] Already known in the prior art is a pressurized gas tank, for example, configured to store gas at a pressure of at least 350 bars or at least 700 bars, the gas being, for example, hydrogen. Thus, this pressurized gas tank is configured to be used by the vehicle equipped with the pressurized gas tank for various functions, as an energy source.

[0003] Such a pressurized gas tank is typically composed of an internal envelope called a liner, which serves as a seal against the gas contained in the tank. The liner is, for example, made of a plastic material, chosen for its lightness and low manufacturing cost, or of a metal such as aluminum, or of another material such as a metal alloy. The liner is generally cylindrical in shape and has two dome-shaped ends. The liner has an opening, which is generally surmounted by a nozzle. The pressurized fluid exerts high stresses on the internal surface of the liner, which can affect the integrity of the liner and cause dangerous leaks, particularly with combustible gases such as hydrogen.

[0004] To improve the mechanical properties of the pressurized gas tank, the liner is surrounded by a composite reinforcing structure, comprising at least one layer of composite material, generally made by winding around the liner strips of composite material based on thermosetting polymer, for example based on epoxy resin, loaded with glass and / or carbon fibers, or by winding around the liner a filament made of a reinforcing fiber, for example carbon fiber, the filament being embedded in a resin, for example an epoxy resin, to facilitate winding and ensure that the outer surface of the liner is covered.

[0005] Furthermore, such a pressurized gas tank generally comprises a functional member attached to the end piece, which supports functional components such as a solenoid valve, in order, for example, to distribute the fluid from the tank to a combustion engine and / or to an energy conversion means on board the vehicle, such as a fuel cell, configured to supply energy to the vehicle's propulsion means, such as an electric motor.

[0006] When gas is dispensed from the pressurized gas tank, the temperature of the gas stored in the pressurized gas tank decreases. It is necessary that this temperature does not fall below a predetermined threshold, for example equal to -40°C, in order to avoid deterioration of the constituent components of the pressurized gas tank, in particular the liner, for example due to the materials constituting these components. It is thus known to heat, for example from documents JP 4 232 210, JP 5 630 614 and EP 2 557 894, a pressurized gas tank in order to avoid damaging the liner when the temperature of the gas contained therein is too low, for example by arranging a heating element within the pressurized gas tank, in the internal space delimited by the liner. However, such a heating element occupies a large space in the tank, which reduces its storage capacity.A known alternative is to place an external heating element such as a heating strip around the pressurized gas tank. However, this heating element does not allow for rapid and efficient heating of the liner, as the heating element is separated from the liner by components of the pressurized gas tank that limit heat transfer, such as the composite reinforcement structure. In addition, it is necessary to limit the heating power so that the heating element does not damage, even locally, the tank components such as the liner due to excessively high temperatures, for example above 85°C.

[0007] The invention aims in particular to provide a pressurized gas tank allowing the liner to be heated quickly and efficiently, while avoiding damage to the components of the pressurized gas tank.

[0008] To this end, the subject of the invention is a pressurized gas tank for a vehicle, comprising: a liner based on plastic material, a composite reinforcement structure wound around the liner, an electric heating device configured to maintain the liner at a temperature above a predetermined threshold, characterized in that the electric heating device comprises a heating strip arranged between the liner and an external surface of the composite reinforcement structure and comprising an internal surface at least partially in contact with the liner and an external surface in contact with the composite reinforcement structure.

[0009] Such a pressurized gas tank allows the liner to be heated quickly and efficiently, while avoiding damage to the tank components by heating specifically at the interface between the liner and the composite reinforcement structure. Thus, thanks to the use of such a heating strip, heating is carried out quickly and efficiently. In addition, the use of such a heating strip, which is preferably self-regulated in temperature, ensures that at any point, the temperature of the strip due to heating is not too high. This thus avoids damage to the tank components, and primarily the liner, due to excessive local heating.

[0010] Furthermore, the fact that the heating strip comprises an internal surface in contact with the liner, i.e. directly mounted against the liner, makes it possible to limit heat losses during the transfer of heat from the heating strip to the liner. Similarly, the fact that the heating strip comprises an internal surface in contact with the liner makes it possible to reduce the vibrations experienced by the heating strip and limits the risk of the heating strip becoming detached.

[0011] A heating strip is distinguished from any other heating device by its particular geometry which allows it to diffuse heat on the surface. Indeed, a heating strip has the shape of a strip, which has a width, a length and has two main surfaces: an internal surface and an external surface. The internal surface of the heating strip is the surface of the heating strip facing the liner. The external surface of the heating strip is the surface opposite the internal surface of the heating strip. Thus, the greater the width of the heating strip in contact with the liner, the greater the heat exchange surface between the heating strip and the liner. Similarly, the greater the length of the heating strip in contact with the liner, the greater the heat exchange surface between the heating strip and the liner.

[0012] According to other optional characteristics of the tank, taken alone or in combination:The liner is based on polyamide, preferably based on PA6 or PA66, preferably PA6. Indeed, polyamide like PA6 has an excellent barrier effect to high pressure gas.The internal surface of the heating strip is partly in contact with the liner and partly with a layer, called the internal layer, of the composite reinforcement structure. In other words, the heating strip overlaps at least partly the internal layer. Thus, the manufacture of the tank is optimized, because the winding of the composite reinforcement structure around the liner can begin before (the end of) the installation of the heating strip.The internal layer of the composite reinforcement structure is a hoop-type layer.A hoop-type layer is used to reinforce the cylindrical central portion of the liner, thus, the manufacturing of the tank is optimized, because the cylindrical central portion of the liner is reinforced at the same time, or even before the installation of the heating strip. The internal surface of the heating strip is only in contact with the liner in order to maximize the heat exchange surface with the liner to maximize the rapid and efficient heating of the liner. The heating strip is a positive temperature coefficient PTC thermistor. Thus, the heating strip is self-regulated in temperature in a simple and economical way. Alternatively, the heating strip is an electromagnetic induction heating device. Thus, the heating strip is self-regulated in temperature in a simple and economical way. The predetermined threshold is greater than -45°C, preferably equal to -40°C.Indeed, a liner made of plastic material is more fragile below such a temperature. The heating strip is self-regulated in temperature such that its maximum temperature is less than 120°C, preferably less than 100°C, preferably less than 85°C, even more preferably less than 80°C. Indeed, the plastic material of the liner is likely to degrade above such a temperature. The tank is configured to store gas at a pressure of at least 350 bars, preferably at least 700 bars. The tank comprises a temperature sensor arranged between the liner and an external surface of the composite reinforcement structure, and preferably arranged directly on the liner.Thus, the temperature of the liner can be measured, allowing heating by the heating strip to be started when the temperature is less than or equal to the predetermined threshold, preferably when the temperature measured by the temperature sensor is less than or equal to 35°C.The heating strip extends at an angle of between 85° and 90° relative to a longitudinal axis of the tank. Thus, manufacturing is facilitated, due to the geometry similar to that of at least a part of the composite reinforcement structure, namely the hoop-like layers.The heating strip is formed in a helix around the liner.The liner comprises a groove configured to receive the heating strip.Thus, the manufacture of the reinforcing structure is facilitated, because the groove makes it possible to obtain a more regular external surface of the assembly formed by the liner and the heating strip, the heating strip not protruding or protruding only slightly outside the radially outermost surface of the liner. The heating strip is wound together with the composite reinforcing structure. Thus, the manufacture is optimized, because the mounting of the heating strip does not require a specific assembly step. The heating strip is wound directly onto the liner. Thus, the manufacture is simplified, because the liner is already designed to support the winding of the reinforcing structure. The liner comprises a cylindrical central portion. Thus, the manufacture by winding the reinforcing structure around the liner is facilitated. For example, the section of the cylindrical central portion is a circle or an ellipse.The heating strip is arranged radially between the liner and an external surface of the composite reinforcement structure. The heating strip has a width greater than its thickness, preferably at least 5 times greater, preferably at least 10 times greater. The heating strip has a thickness of less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm, preferably less than 1 mm, more preferably equal to 0.5 mm. A low thickness makes it easier to wind the heating strip. The heating strip comprises a sheath formed from the same material as the liner. Thus, the cohesion between the liner, the heating strip and the composite reinforcement structure is improved. The reservoir comprises a nozzle arranged on an end opening of the liner, the nozzle being metallic, preferably made of aluminum. The surface area of ​​the heating strip in contact with the liner is at least 30%, preferably at least 60%, of the external surface area of ​​the liner.Thus, the heating surface is relatively large and improves the heating speed. The composite reinforcement structure comprises hoop layers extending at an angle of between 85° and 90° relative to a longitudinal axis of the tank and helical layers extending at an angle of between 5° and 85° relative to a longitudinal axis of the tank. The heating strip extends at an angle of between 5° and 90°, preferably between 85° and 90°, relative to a longitudinal axis of the tank. Thus, the heating strip can be assembled on the tank with means similar to the means for manufacturing the composite reinforcement structure. As a result, manufacturing is optimized. The tank comprises smoothing means, the outer surface of which is flush with the outer surface of the heating strip.Thus, the structural strength of the tank is improved, because the composite reinforcement structure is wrapped around a smoother surface. Indeed, to achieve good winding of the composite reinforcement structure, the surface on which the winding is applied must be smooth, otherwise irregularities at the connection area with the liner and / or with the heating strip may occur. The tank comprises heat transfer means configured to transfer heat from the heating strip to the liner. The heat transfer means are arranged between the liner and an external surface of the composite reinforcement structure. The smoothing means comprise or consist of the heat transfer means. Thus, the manufacture of the tank is optimized, because the heat transfer means are integrated into the smoothing means or form the smoothing means.The heat transfer means are selected from the group comprising a thermal paste strip, a metal strip, a metal film, a metal wire, and combinations thereof. The heating strip is prefabricated in one piece with the smoothing means, so as to form a heating member. Thus, the manufacture of the tank is facilitated. The heating member comprises heat transfer means, which are axially offset relative to the heating strip along a longitudinal axis of the tank. Thus, heating is provided over a large surface area of ​​the liner while limiting the width of the heating strip. The heating strip has a nominal heating power of at least 750W, preferably at least 1500W. The heating strip extends axially along a longitudinal axis of the tank.The heat transfer means extend at an angle of between 5° and 90°, preferably between 85° and 90°, relative to a longitudinal axis of the tank. Thus, the heat transfer means can be placed on the tank with means similar to the means for manufacturing the composite reinforcement structure. The heating strip is printed on the liner. Thus, the manufacturing of the heating strip is particularly simple, and ensures that the heating is efficient, the heating strip directly heating the liner, due to its printing on the liner.

[0013] The invention also relates to a vehicle comprising a tank as described above.

[0014] The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a tank as described above, preferably comprising the following successive steps: step a) manufacturing a liner based on plastic material by molding, for example by rotational molding or by blow molding or by extrusion-blow molding, step b) winding a heating strip on the liner, for example in a groove of the liner, step c) winding a composite reinforcement structure on the liner and the heating strip.

[0015] According to an optional feature of the manufacturing process, step c) is carried out simultaneously with step b) so that the heating strip is wound together with the composite reinforcing structure.

[0016] According to an alternative feature of the manufacturing method, step c) comprises a step c') of winding an inner layer of composite material, for example, a hoop-type layer, step c') is carried out simultaneously with step b) so that the heating strip is wound together with the inner layer of composite material while at least partially overlapping said inner layer.

[0017] The invention finally relates to a method for thermal regulation of a tank as described above, comprising the following steps: measuring the temperature of the liner, preferably by means of a temperature sensor arranged between the liner and an external surface of the composite reinforcement structure, more preferably arranged directly on the liner, supplying electrical energy to the heating strip when the temperature measured in the previous step is less than or equal to the sum of a predetermined temperature threshold and a tolerance value, the tolerance value preferably being between 0°C and 5°C, more preferably equal to 5°C. Brief description of the figures

[0018] The invention will be better understood on reading the following description, given solely by way of example and with reference to the appended drawings in which: is a schematic view of a vehicle comprising a pressurized gas tank; is a schematic view of a pressurized gas tank according to a first embodiment; is a schematic sectional view of a detail of a pressurized gas tank according to a second embodiment; is a schematic sectional view of a detail of a pressurized gas tank according to a third embodiment; is a schematic sectional view of a detail of a pressurized gas tank according to a fourth embodiment. Detailed description

[0019] In all figures, the same references refer to the same elements.

[0020] In this detailed description, the following embodiments are examples. Although the description refers to one or more embodiments, this does not mean that the features apply only to a single embodiment. Single features of different embodiments may also be combined and / or interchanged to provide other embodiments.

[0021] The diagrammatically represents a vehicle 1, for example a motor vehicle, comprising a tank 3 of pressurized gas, in this example hydrogen. In this example, the vehicle 1 comprises a fuel cell 5 supplied with hydrogen by the tank 3. The tank 3 is configured to store gas at a pressure of at least 350 bars, preferably at least 700 bars. Thus, the tank 3 has an admissible storage pressure greater than 350 bars, preferably greater than 700 bars.

[0022] The tank 3, as shown in the, comprises a liner 7, a composite reinforcement structure 9 and an electric heating device 11.

[0023] The liner 7 is made of plastic material. In this example, the liner 7 is made of polyamide, preferably made of PA6 or PA66, preferably PA6. The liner 7 comprises a cylindrical central portion 13. In this example, the liner 7 also comprises end portions 15 in the form of a dome. Thus, the liner 7 comprises an end opening on each of the end portions 15, on which a nozzle 19 is arranged, the nozzle 19 being made of aluminum in this example. At least one nozzle 19 is connected to functional elements making it possible to distribute the gas out of the tank 3 through the nozzle 19, such as for example a solenoid valve.

[0024] The composite reinforcement structure 9 is wrapped around the liner 7. The composite reinforcement structure 9 comprises hoop-type layers – “hoop layers” in English – extending at an angle of between 85° and 90° relative to a longitudinal axis X of the tank 3 and helical-type layers – “helical layers” in English – extending at an angle of between 5° and 85° relative to the longitudinal axis X of the tank 3.

[0025] The electric heating device 11 is configured to maintain the liner 7 at a temperature above a predetermined threshold. The predetermined threshold is greater than -45°C, preferably equal to -40°C. For this, the electric heating device 11 comprises a heating strip 21, preferably self-regulated in temperature, the heating strip 21 being arranged between the liner 7 and an external surface 23 of the composite reinforcement structure 9. In the example of 1a, the heating strip 21 therefore comprises an internal surface 32 only in contact with the liner 7 and an external surface 31 only in contact with the composite reinforcement structure 9.

[0026] The heating strip 21 is self-regulated in temperature such that its maximum temperature is less than 120°C, preferably less than 100°C, preferably less than 85°C, even more preferably less than 80°C. For example, the heating strip 21 is a positive temperature coefficient PTC thermistor or an electromagnetic induction heating device. Such a heating strip 21 consists for example of a layer of carbon-filled polymer, which is arranged between two sheets of copper or aluminum. Furthermore, the heating strip 21 comprises a sheath formed from the same material as the liner 7. The heating strip 21 has a nominal heating power of at least 750W, preferably at least 1500W. The heating strip 21 is arranged radially between the liner 7 and the external surface 23 of the composite reinforcement structure 9.In this example, the heating strip 21 is arranged between the liner 7 and the composite reinforcement structure 9 and the entire internal surface 32 of the heating strip 21 is in contact with the liner 7. In other words, the heating strip 21 is completely sandwiched between the liner 7 and the composite reinforcement structure 9.

[0027] The heating strip 21 may have a width greater than its thickness, preferably at least 5 times greater, preferably at least 10 times greater. The heating strip 21 has a thickness less than 5 mm, preferably less than 3 mm, preferably less than 1 mm, more preferably equal to 0.5 mm. The surface area of ​​the heating strip 21 in contact with the liner 7 is at least 30%, preferably at least 60%, of the external surface area of ​​the liner 7. In this example, the heating strip 21 extends at an angle of between 5° and 90°, preferably between 85° and 90°, relative to the longitudinal axis X of the tank 3. In addition, in this example, the heating strip 21 is formed in a helix around the liner 7. According to an alternative embodiment not shown, the heating strip 21 extends axially along the longitudinal axis X of the tank 3.

[0028] Furthermore, the heating strip 21 is wound together with the composite reinforcement structure 9. Furthermore, in this example, the heating strip 21 is wound directly onto the liner 7. Alternatively, the heating strip 21 is printed onto the liner 7.

[0029] The tank 3 also includes a temperature sensor 25 arranged between the liner 7 and the external surface 23 of the composite reinforcement structure 9. In this example, the temperature sensor 25 is arranged directly on the liner 7.

[0030] According to a second embodiment of the reservoir 3', shown in the, this reservoir 3' is distinguished from the reservoir 3 according to the first embodiment described previously in that the reservoir 3' comprises smoothing means 27', the external surface 29' of which is flush with the external surface 31' of the heating strip 21'. In this example, the reservoir 3' also comprises heat transfer means 33' configured to transfer heat from the heating strip 21' to the liner 7'. The heat transfer means 33' are arranged between the liner 7' and an external surface 23' of the composite reinforcement structure 9'. The heat transfer means 33' are chosen from the group comprising a thermal paste strip, a metal strip, a metal film, a metal wire, and combinations thereof.The heat transfer means 33' extend at an angle of between 5° and 90°, preferably between 85° and 90°, relative to the longitudinal axis X of the tank 3'. In this example, the smoothing means 27' comprise or are constituted by heat transfer means 33'. Furthermore, the heat transfer means 33' are axially offset relative to the heating strip 21' along the longitudinal axis X of the tank 3'. According to an alternative embodiment, the heating strip 21' is prefabricated in one piece with the smoothing means 27', so as to form a heating member. The heating member thus comprises the heat transfer means 33', which are axially offset relative to the heating strip 21' along a longitudinal axis X of the tank 3'.The heating strip 21' therefore comprises an internal surface 32' only in contact with the liner 7' and an external surface 31' only in contact with the composite reinforcement structure 9'.

[0031] According to a third embodiment of the tank 3'', shown in the, this tank 3'' is distinguished from the tank 3 according to the first embodiment described previously and from the tank 3' according to the second embodiment described previously in that the liner 7'' comprises a groove 35'' configured to receive the heating strip 21''. Thus, the heating strip 21'' is wound around the liner 7'' in the groove 35''. According to a variant not shown, the groove 35'' is also configured to receive the smoothing means and / or the heat transfer means described previously. The heating strip 21'' therefore comprises an internal surface 32'' only in contact with the liner 7'' and an external surface 31'' only in contact with the composite reinforcement structure 9''.

[0032] According to a fourth embodiment of the tank 3''', shown in the, this tank 3''' is distinguished from the tank 3 according to the first embodiment described previously in that the internal surface 32''' of the heating strip 21''' is partly in contact with the liner 7''' and partly with a layer 10''', called the internal layer, of the composite reinforcement structure 9''' (which comprises several layers of composite material) so that the heating strip 21''' overlaps at least partly the internal layer 10'''. In other words, the heating strip 21''' is partly sandwiched between the liner 7''' and the composite reinforcement structure 9''' and partly sandwiched between layers of composite material of the composite reinforcement structure 9'''. The heating strip 21''' therefore comprises an external surface 31''' only in contact with the composite reinforcement structure 9'''.Preferably, the inner layer 10''' is a hoop-type layer.

[0033] An example of a manufacturing process for a 3, 3', 3'', 3''' tank as defined previously is described below. Such a manufacturing method preferably comprises the following successive steps:step a) manufacturing a liner 7, 7', 7'', 7''' based on plastic material by molding, for example by rotational molding or by blow molding or extrusion blow molding,step b) winding a heating strip 21, 21', 21'', 21''' on the liner 7, 7', 7'', 7''', for example in a groove 35'' of the liner 7'',step c) winding a composite reinforcement structure 9, 9', 9'', 9''' on the liner 7, 7', 7'', 7''' and the heating strip 21, 21', 21'', 21'''.

[0034] In the first, second and third embodiments, step c) is carried out simultaneously with step b) so that the heating strip 21, 21', 21'' is wound together with the composite reinforcing structure 9, 9', 9''.

[0035] In the fourth embodiment, step c) comprises a step c') of winding an internal layer 10''' of composite material, step c') is carried out simultaneously with step b) so that the heating strip 21''' is wound together with the internal layer 10''' of composite material while at least partially overlapping said internal layer 10'''.

[0036] An example of a method for thermal regulation of a tank 3, 3', 3'', 3''' of the aforementioned type is described below. Such a thermal regulation method comprises the following steps: measuring the temperature of the liner 7, 7', 7'', 7''', preferably by means of the temperature sensor 25, arranged between the liner 7, 7', 7'', 7''' and an external surface 23, 23', 23'', 23''' of the composite reinforcement structure 9, 9', 9'', 9''', more preferably arranged directly on the liner 7, 7', 7'', 7''', supplying electrical energy to the heating strip 21, 21', 21'', 21''' when the temperature measured in the previous step is less than or equal to the sum of a predetermined temperature threshold and a tolerance value, the tolerance value preferably being between 0°C and 5°C, more preferably equal to 5°C.

[0037] The invention is not limited to the embodiments presented and other embodiments will become clear to those skilled in the art. It is in particular possible to combine the embodiments with each other. List of references

[0038] 1: vehicle

[0039] 3, 3', 3'', 3''': tank

[0040] 5: fuel cell

[0041] 7, 7', 7'', 7''': liner

[0042] 9, 9', 9'', 9''': composite reinforcement structure

[0043] 10''': inner layer

[0044] 11: electric heating device

[0045] 13: central portion

[0046] 15: end portion

[0047] 19: tip

[0048] 21, 21', 21'', 21''': heating strip

[0049] 23, 23', 23'', 23''': external surface of the composite reinforcement structure

[0050] 25: temperature sensor

[0051] 27': smoothing methods

[0052] 29': external surface of the smoothing means

[0053] 31, 31', 31'', 31''': external surface of the heating strip

[0054] 32, 32', 32'', 32''': internal surface of the heating strip

[0055] 33': means of heat transfer

[0056] 35'': groove

[0057] X: longitudinal axis of the tank.

Claims

Tank (3, 3', 3'', 3''') of pressurized gas for a vehicle (1), comprising:- a liner (7, 7', 7'', 7''') based on plastic material,- a composite reinforcement structure (9, 9', 9'', 9''') wrapped around the liner (7, 7', 7'', 7'''),- an electric heating device (11) configured to maintain the liner (7, 7', 7'') at a temperature above a predetermined threshold,characterized in that the electric heating device (11) comprises a heating strip (21, 21', 21'', 21''') arranged between the liner (7, 7', 7'', 7''') and an external surface (23, 23', 23'', 23''') of the composite reinforcement structure (9, 9', 9'', 9''') and comprising an inner surface (32, 32', 32'', 32''') at least partially in contact with the liner (7, 7', 7'', 7''') and an outer surface (31, 31', 31'', 31''') in contact with the composite reinforcement structure (9, 9', 9'', 9'''). Tank (3, 3', 3'', 3''') according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface (32, 32', 32'', 32''') of the heating strip (21, 21', 21'', 21''') is only in contact with the liner (7, 7', 7'', 7'''). Tank (3, 3', 3'', 3''') according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heating strip (21, 21', 21'', 21''') is a positive temperature coefficient PTC thermistor. Tank (3, 3', 3'', 3''') according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the heating strip (21, 21', 21'') is an electromagnetic induction heating device. Tank (3, 3', 3'', 3''') according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a temperature sensor (25) arranged between the liner (7, 7', 7'', 7''') and an external surface (23, 23', 23'', 23''') of the composite reinforcement structure (9, 9', 9'', 9'''), and preferably arranged directly on the liner (7, 7', 7'', 7'''). Tank (3, 3', 3'', 3''') according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heating strip (21, 21', 21'', 21''') extends at an angle of between 85° and 90° relative to a longitudinal axis X of the tank (3, 3', 3'', 3'''). Tank (3, 3', 3'', 3''') according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heating strip (21, 21', 21'', 21''') is formed in a helix around the liner (7, 7', 7'', 7'''). Tank (3, 3', 3'', 3''') according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heating strip (21, 21', 21'', 21''') is wound directly onto the liner (7, 7', 7'', 7'''). Tank (3'') according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the liner (7'') comprises a groove (35'') configured to receive the heating strip (21''). Vehicle (1) comprising a tank (3, 3', 3'', 3''') according to any one of the preceding claims. A method of manufacturing a tank according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following successive steps: a) manufacturing a liner (7, 7', 7'', 7''') based on plastic material by molding, b) winding a heating strip (21, 21', 21'', 21''') on the liner (7, 7', 7'', 7'''), c) winding a composite reinforcement structure (9, 9', 9'', 9''') on the liner (7, 7', 7'', 7''') and the heating strip (21, 21', 21'', 21'''). Method of manufacturing a tank according to the preceding claim, in which step c) is carried out simultaneously with step b) so that the heating strip (21, 21', 21'') is wound together with the composite reinforcement structure (9, 9', 9''). A method of manufacturing a tank according to claim 11, wherein step c) comprises a step c') of winding an inner layer (10''') of composite material, and wherein step c') is carried out simultaneously with step b) so that the heating strip (21''') is wound together with the inner layer (10''') of composite material, at least partially overlapping said inner layer (10'''). A method for thermally regulating a tank according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps:- measuring the temperature of the liner (7, 7', 7'', 7'''), preferably by means of a temperature sensor (25) arranged between the liner (7, 7', 7'', 7''') and an external surface (23, 23', 23'', 23''') of the composite reinforcement structure (9, 9', 9'', 9'''), more preferably arranged directly on the liner (7, 7', 7'', 7'''),- supplying electrical energy to the heating strip (21, 21', 21'', 21''') when the temperature measured in the previous step is less than or equal to the sum of a predetermined temperature threshold and a tolerance value, the tolerance value preferably being between 0°C and 5°C, more preferably equal to 5°C.

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