Photovoltaic-thermal module

Abstract

The invention relates to a photovoltaic-thermal module (100) comprising a plurality of solar cells (2) and a planar heat sink (10), wherein: the planar heat sink (10) is based on at least one inorganic material and contains a plurality of cooling channels (10c); the planar heat sink has two plates (10a, 10b), between which the cooling channels (10c) are formed; a first of the plates (10a) which is nearer to the solar cells (2) is flat; the cooling channels (10c) are defined by a second of the plates (10b) which is further from the solar cells (2); and the second plate (10b) is disposed on a main surface (11) of the first plate (10a) such that a first region (12) of the first plate (10a) is covered by the second plate (10b) and a second region (13) of the first plate (10a) is free of the second plate (10b).

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Photovoltaic thermal module

[0003] A photovoltaic thermal module is specified.

[0004] The publication WO 2015 / 184402 relates to a photovoltaic module with an integrated liquid cooling system.

[0005] It is desirable to provide a photovoltaic thermal module that can be manufactured efficiently and is economically operable.

[0006] Embodiments of the disclosure relate to a photovoltaic thermal module.

[0007] According to at least one embodiment, the photovoltaic thermal module, or PVT module for short, comprises a plurality of solar cells. The solar cells are based, for example, on silicon and / or germanium and / or on a compound semiconductor material such as CdTe or CuInGaS (CIGS for short), or CuInS (CIS for short). Likewise, the solar cells can be based on perovskite or at least one organic, photoactive material. In thin-film modules, in particular based on CdTe, CIGS, CIS, amorphous Si, or perovskite, the photoactive layers are preferably present in strips, for example, with a width of at least 3 mm and / or at most 3 cm.

[0008] It is possible to combine several different types of solar cells or semiconductor materials in the PVT module to achieve higher efficiency. For example, the individual, e.g., crystalline solar cells have an average diameter of at least 5 cm or at least 10 cm and / or at most 50 cm. The average diameter D is derived from an area A of the solar cell, for example, as follows: D =

[0009] It is also possible for the cells to be cut in half or into thirds, and so on, or into strips. This means that the crystalline solar cells are not squares or pseudo-squares, but rectangles.

[0010] According to at least one embodiment, the PVT module comprises one or more surface heat sinks. The preferably precisely one surface heat sink can also be referred to as a cooling plate or as a rear cooler. The surface heat sink is based on at least one inorganic material, such as glass or a metal, for example aluminum. The term "based on at least one inorganic material" means, for example, that at least 80% by weight or at least 90% by weight or at least 98% by weight of the surface heat sink is formed by the at least one inorganic material. This does not exclude the possibility that small components of the surface heat sink, in particular non-mechanically load-bearing components such as seals or labels, can be formed from organic materials.

[0011] According to at least one embodiment, the flat heat sink comprises a plurality of cooling channels. The cooling channels are designed to be flowed through by a cooling fluid.

[0012] The heat sink extends, for example, continuously across the relevant solar cells or parts of solar cells. For example, all solar cells of the PVT module are coupled to a single, common heat sink that is, for example, free of gaps or holes.

[0013] The heat sink has at least two plates between which the cooling channels are formed. This makes it possible for the heat sink to be a closed, sealed system through which the cooling fluid can flow without additional components. In particular, the cooling channels are completely defined by the plates, optionally together with a connecting means between the plates and / or for holding the plates together.

[0014] The heat sink plates are each formed from metal plates, for example, aluminum plates. Alternatively, the heat sink plates are formed from glass plates, so that the surface heat sink can be translucent. It is also possible to form the plates from plastic and / or foil.

[0015] A first of the plates, facing the solar cells, is flat. A second plate, facing away from the solar cells, defines the cooling channels. The cooling channels can therefore be formed in the second plate.

[0016] The second plate is arranged on a main surface of the first plate. A first region of the first plate is thus covered by the second plate. A second region of the first plate is free of the second plate. In particular, an edge region of the first plate is free of the second plate. For example, the first plate extends completely over the solar cells. The second plate extends only partially over the solar cells. For example, the first plate is attached to at least 80% or at least 90% or at least 95% of the area of ​​all solar cells taken together. The second plate is attached to a correspondingly smaller area of ​​all solar cells taken together, so that an edge region of the first plate remains free and is not covered by the second plate. The first plate therefore extends, for example, over a larger area than the second plate.For example, the second region has a width of several millimeters, for example more than 5 mm, for example a width between 5 mm and 15 mm, in particular for example approximately 10 mm.

[0017] This makes it possible to design the second region free of cooling channels. This makes it possible, for example, to form mechanical attack points on the second region of the surface heat sink, in particular for connecting individual elements of the PVT module or for attaching further elements such as fastening elements or clamping elements. Damage to the cooling channels in the edge region can thus be avoided. Nevertheless, it is possible to design a reliable connection between the two plates and the cooling channels can extend almost over the entire surface of the second plate. In particular, it is possible to form the cooling channels right up to the edge of the second plate, so that, for example, only a maximum of 3 to 4 mm at the edge of the second plate are designed without cooling channels. This enables comparatively simple production of the surface heat sink when connecting the two plates.Alternatively or additionally, this enables a reliable connection between the two plates. The two plates are connected, for example, by means of a solder joint, so that the second plate is reliably held to the first plate.

[0018] According to at least one embodiment, the second region surrounds the first plate circumferentially around the second plate. The flat heat sink thus has the second region in a frame-like manner. The second region, which is free of the second plate, is thus formed on all four long sides of the rectangular flat heat sink. It is also possible for the second region to be formed only on some of the four long sides, for example, on only two opposite long sides.

[0019] According to at least one embodiment, the PVT module comprises a support frame. The support frame is configured to mechanically support the PVT module. The support frame is in contact with the second region of the first plate.

[0020] In particular, the support frame also serves to further support the bond between the solar cells and the heat sink. In the second area, where no cooling channels are formed, it is possible to press the first plate and the solar cells together using the support frame. The PVT module is thus clamped into the support frame. In particular, the smaller second plate is not in direct contact with the support frame. This prevents damage to or interference with the cooling channels due to the mechanical forces of the support frame.

[0021] The support frame is particularly designed to clamp the solar cells and the first plate together. This additionally supports the connection between the solar cells and the surface heat sink. For example, the solar cells and the first plate are connected to each other by means of a lamination film. This connection is additionally mechanically supported by the support frame.

[0022] According to further embodiments, the surface heat sink has two plates between which the cooling channels are formed. A first of the plates faces the solar cells, and a second of the plates faces away from the solar cells. The cooling channels are defined by the second of the plates. The first plate has a film or a varnish.

[0023] For example, the first plate is formed by a film or a lacquer. For example, the first plate is formed by an inorganic film, for example made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) or another plastic. Alternatively or additionally, the first plate is formed from a lacquer, for example a clear lacquer. The lacquer is, for example, sprayed onto the solar cells.

[0024] The first plate made of foil or lacquer also serves for electrical insulation from the solar cells, for example for electrical insulation of the second plate from the solar cells.

[0025] The flat heat sink is comparatively easy to produce and is lighter than a flat heat sink made from two metal plates. The two plates can be reliably connected without a soldering process. In particular, it is also possible to make the two plates the same size or almost the same size, so that both plates cover essentially the same area of ​​the solar cells. According to at least one embodiment, the film and the second plate are connected to one another by means of an adhesive bond. The flat heat sink therefore has, for example, a PET-aluminum adhesive bond. It is also possible to provide the second plate from glass, so that the flat heat sink has, for example, a PET-glass adhesive bond. Alternatively or additionally, the flat heat sink has the lacquer, which is, for example, additionally provided in the bond.It is also possible that the paint is provided instead of the film, so that the surface heat sink has the paint-aluminum composite or paint-glass composite.

[0026] According to at least one embodiment, the film is arranged directly on the solar cells. The film thus serves both to close off and seal the cooling channels and to attach the surface heat sink to the solar cells. The film is thus in direct contact with the solar cells and also with the second plate.

[0027] Alternatively or additionally, the lacquer serves to embed the solar cells, ensuring they are held in place by the lacquer. In this case, the lacquer serves, for example, as a stabilizer and support for the solar cells and simultaneously as a cover and connection for the second plate. Additional lamination films are not required in this embodiment. No further lamination step is required during production.

[0028] According to at least one embodiment, the PVT module has a front coating which is arranged on a side of the solar cells facing away from the surface heat sink and which covers the solar cells. The front coating is formed by means of a film or a lacquer. The front coating replaces, for example, a front glass. During operation, the front coating faces the sun and is radiation-permeable. The front coating is significantly lighter than the front glass. For example, the front coating is formed from the lacquer in which the solar cells are embedded. It is also possible to use different lacquers, for example a first lacquer for embedding the solar cells and for bonding them to the second plate and a further lacquer as the front coating.

[0029] According to at least one embodiment, the PVT module comprises a layer stack. The layer stack comprises, in one stacking direction: the second plate, which defines the cooling channels; the lacquer, which is formed as a layer and in which the solar cells are embedded; the front coating, which covers the lacquer. In particular, the layer stack has no further essential elements, in particular no front glass on the side of the solar cells facing away from the second plate, and no lamination film.

[0030] According to further embodiments, the PVT module has the surface heat sink, which has two plates between which the cooling channels are formed. The first of the plates faces the solar cells and the second of the plates faces away from the solar cells. The cooling channels are defined by the second of the plates. The first plate, which faces the solar cells, is flat. The first plate and the second plate are each based on at least one inorganic material, such as glass or a metal, for example aluminum. The PVT module has a lacquer layer in which the solar cells are embedded. The surface heat sink is attached to the lacquer layer. Optionally, a plastic film is arranged between the surface heat sink and the lacquer layer for electrical insulation.In particular, the PVT module has the front coating which is arranged on a side of the solar cells facing away from the surface heat sink and which covers the solar cells, wherein the front coating is formed by means of a film or a lacquer.

[0031] For example, the first plate is based on an inorganic material, in particular aluminum or glass. A film and / or a varnish, which is provided in addition to the inorganic material, serves in particular as an intermediate layer between the varnish in which the solar cells are embedded and the inorganic plate of the flat heat sink. The first plate has the film on a side facing away from the second plate. The film, which is for example a PET film, is attached to the varnish. The film serves for electrical insulation between the flat heat sink and the solar cells.

[0032] Further advantages, features, and developments are explained below with reference to the drawings. Like reference symbols indicate like elements in the individual figures. References are not to scale; rather, individual elements may be exaggerated for clarity.

[0033] Shown are: Figure 1 a schematic sectional view of a PVT-

[0034] Module according to an exemplary embodiment,

[0035] Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a PVT module according to an embodiment,

[0036] Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of a PVT module according to an embodiment, and

[0037] Figure 4 is a schematic sectional view of a PVT module according to an embodiment.

[0038] A photovoltaic thermal module 100, or PVT module for short, combines photovoltaic modules for power generation with the use of the modules' waste heat. PVT modules thus convert incoming solar energy into electrical power, and the resulting waste heat is utilized. In addition to electrical energy, such PVT modules also produce heat, for example in the form of hot water or other cooling liquids. An example of such a PVT module is shown in Figures 1 to 3. Examples of the basic mode of operation and areas of application of the PVT modules 100 described here are described in German patent application 10 2021 123 000.4.

[0039] Figure 1 shows a sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the photovoltaic thermal module 100, also referred to as a PVT module for short. The PVT module 100 has a front glass 1. On an opposite side in the front glass 1 there is a flat heat sink 10. A plurality of, for example crystalline, solar cells 2 are connected to one another via electrical cell connectors 3 and arranged between the front glass 1 and the flat heat sink 10. In particular, the solar cells 2 with the electrical cell connectors 3 are embedded in a lamination film 4, for example in an EVA film. The lamination film 4 is located on the front glass 1.

[0040] On a side of the lamination film 4 opposite the front glass 1 there is a rear wall 6, in particular a rear wall film, for example a polyvinyl fluoride film, PVF film for short, such as a Tedlar film, or alternatively a rear glass. The surface heat sink is in particular glued or laminated onto the rear wall 6, for example by means of an adhesive layer 7. The adhesive layer 7 is formed, for example, from an adhesive or by another EVA film. By means of the adhesive layer 7, the surface heat sink 10 is connected to the so-called PV module or PV laminate.

[0041] The PVT module 100 has a frame 5. The frame 5, for example made of aluminum, mechanically supports the PVT module 100, in particular the PV laminate and the surface heat sink 10.

[0042] The frame 5 has an upper holder 5a and a lower holder 5b, which each protrude horizontally, for example. A clamping connection 5c is formed by the upper holder 5a and the lower holder 5b. By means of the clamping connection 5c, a layer stack 25 is pressed together and clamped along a stacking direction 26. The layer stack 25 comprises in particular the front glass 1 and the surface heat sink 10 as well as the layers arranged therebetween, which are arranged on top of one another along the stacking direction 26. The surface heat sink 10 has in particular two thin aluminum sheets 10a, 10b that are connected to one another. For example, a channel structure with a large number of cooling channels 10c is embossed into one of the two plates 10b by a punching process. This channel structure consists of many branches and is optimized to dissipate heat as efficiently as possible and to enable the lowest possible pressure losses.

[0043] The second plate 10b with the cooling channels 10c is connected to the first plate 10a by means of a soldering process. The second plate 10b is arranged on a main surface 11 of the first plate 10a facing away from the solar cells 2. The main surface 11 has a larger extent than the side surfaces or edge surfaces of the first plate 10a arranged transversely thereto.

[0044] The second plate 10b is arranged in a first region 12 of the first plate 10a. The first region 12 is, in particular, a central region of the first plate 10a. The first region 12 is laterally surrounded by a second region 13. The second region 13 is not covered by the second plate 10b. The second plate 10b is arranged only in the central first region 12 and, in particular, is spaced apart from an edge 15 of the layer stack 25.

[0045] Between the lateral edge 15, which runs along the stacking direction 26 in the sectional view, and the second plate 10b, the second region 13 is provided transversely to the stacking direction 26, at which region the first plate 10a is in particular not covered. The second plate 10b therefore has a distance 14, which is measured transversely to the stacking direction 26 along the main surface 11. For example, the distance 14 is in a range of more than 5 mm up to 20 mm, in particular between 7 mm and 15 mm, in particular between 9 and 11 mm, for example 10 mm. The second plate 10b is therefore arranged laterally at a distance 14 from the edge 15.

[0046] The first plate 10a covers the solar cells 2 over their entire surface, in particular completely or almost completely. The second plate 10b is smaller in comparison. In particular, the area covered by the second plate 10b is smaller than the area covered by the first plate 10a.

[0047] The frame 5 is in contact with the surface heat sink 10 in the second region 13. The frame 5 contacts the first plate 10a in the second region 13. The second plate 10b is in particular not directly touched by the frame 5. The clamping connection 5c is formed between the first plate 10a and the front glass 1. The second plate remains unaffected by mechanical loads which are directly exerted by the lower holder 5b. For this purpose the second plate 10b is smaller than the first plate 10a so that the second region 13 is formed. The clamping connection 5c is thus formed with the first plate 10a which does not have any cooling channels 10c but is in particular flat.

[0048] The second plate 10b, which has the cooling channels 10c, can be fastened to the first plate 10a without the direct action of the clamp connection 5c. This enables a particularly reliable connection between the first plate 10a and the second plate 10b by means of a solder. The cooling channels 10c can be distributed as desired on the second plate 10b and, in particular, can be guided close to a lateral edge, which is beneficial for a reliable solder connection. Damage to the cooling channels 10c caused by the clamp connection 5c, in particular to the lower holder 5b, can thus be avoided.

[0049] The first plate 10a is, for example, approximately 10 mm larger around the second plate 10b. This makes it possible to insert the first plate 10a into the gap in the frame 5 between the upper bracket 5a and the lower bracket 5b. The second plate 10b does not conflict with and / or contact the frame 5. Due to the reliable soldered connection between the two plates 10a, 10b, the fact that the second plate 10b is not inserted into the gap between the upper bracket 5a and the lower bracket 5b does not compromise stability.

[0050] By clamping the first plate 10a into the gap in the frame 5, in addition to the adhesive layer 7, the connection between the first plate 10a and the PV laminate is strengthened. The PV laminate and the flat heat sink 10 are pressed and compressed by means of the frame, in particular by means of the upper holder 5a and the lower holder 5b. The first plate 10a is pressed by the lower holder 5b in the direction of the front glass 1. The flat heat sink 10 can be inserted with the first plate 10a into the gap between the upper holder 5a and the lower holder 5b of the frame 5. This achieves a further fixing process in addition to the gluing / laminating. The flat heat sink 10 holds better and more securely on the PV structure. By clamping the first plate 10a in the gap in the frame 5, an additional robust connection to the PV laminate is created.The cooling channels are formed in the second plate 10b and can in particular be formed at a small distance from the lateral edge of the second plate 10b, for example at a maximum distance of 3 to 4 mm. Despite this small distance from the lateral edge of the second plate 10b, the cooling channels 10c are not damaged when the layer stack 25 is clamped in the frame 5, since the second plate 10b is formed retracted with respect to the first plate 10a. The first plate 10a projects laterally beyond the second plate 10b to form the contact region 12.

[0051] The PVT module 100 according to the embodiment of Figure 1 thus has a particularly resistant connection of the layers of the layer stack 25.

[0052] Figure 2 shows the PVT module 100 according to another exemplary embodiment. The PVT module 100 according to Figure 2 is essentially derived from the PVT module 100 according to Figure 1. However, the surface heat sink 10, in particular, is designed differently.

[0053] The first plate 10a, which is in contact with the lamination film 4 of the solar cells 2, is not made of aluminum or glass. The first plate 10a has a film 21 or consists of the film 21 or is formed from the film 21. The film 21 is, in particular, an inorganic film, for example, a plastic film, in particular a PET film.

[0054] The film 21 closes the cooling channels 10c of the second plate 10b. In addition, the film 21 connects the second plate 10b to the PV laminate, in particular to the solar cells 2. Furthermore, the film 21 contributes to the electrical insulation between the second plate 10b and the solar cells 2.

[0055] The film 21 and the second plate 10b are connected to one another by means of an adhesive connection 22. Since no soldering process takes place to connect the two plates 10a, 10b of the flat heat sink 10, the second plate 10b can extend to the edge 15 of the PVT module 100, unlike in the exemplary embodiment in Figure 1. The cooling channels 10c can be spaced sufficiently far from the edge 15 in order to form the frame 5 and the clamping connection 5c in such a way that the cooling channels 10c are not damaged. The connection between the second plate 10b and the first plate 10a, which is designed as a film 21, is reliably realized by means of the adhesive connection 22. The flat heat sink 10 thus consists, for example, of a PET-aluminum adhesive composite. It is also possible to provide the second plate 10b from glass.

[0056] The adhesive connection 22 and the adhesive used are selected such that the second plate 10b is sufficiently strongly connected to the film 21, even to withstand, for example, an overpressure of 0.5 bar, with which the coolant typically flows through the cooling channels 10c. The film 21 is designed and selected such that it is resistant to the coolant, which is, for example, a glycol-water mixture. The film 21 is designed such that the film serves as a moisture barrier and does not allow moisture to reach the solar cells 2.

[0057] During production, it is possible to laminate the surface heat sink 10 with the film 21 directly together with the solar cells 2 and the lamination film 4 in a single lamination process. This eliminates, in particular, the rear wall film 6 according to the exemplary embodiment of Figure 1. Thus, costs are saved due to the material savings and the additional lamination step and / or bonding process eliminated during production.

[0058] It is also possible to replace the front glass 1 with a front coating 23. This consists, for example, of an additional film or a transparent lacquer layer. The additional film is, for example, a flexible transparent film, such as a PET film. The front coating 23 enables a lightweight PVT module 100. In addition, the PVT module 100 is easier to manufacture since there are no longer any different expansion coefficients to compensate for between the front glass 1 and the second aluminum plate 10b.

[0059] It is also possible, in the embodiment according to Figure 1, to provide the front coating 23 instead of the front glass 1 and the surface heat sink 10 with the first plate 10a made of aluminum or glass. Thus, different combinations of the embodiments of Figures 1, 2, and 3 are possible and encompassed by this disclosure.

[0060] The PVT module 100 with the film 21 and the front coating 23 made of a film can be produced by means of a single lamination, in which the solar cells 2, the film 23, the lamination film 4 and the film 21 are bonded to the second plate 10b in a single step. EVA is preferably used as the lamination film for this purpose. Figure 3 shows the photovoltaic-thermal module 100 according to a further embodiment. Instead of the front glass 1, the PVT module 100 according to Figure 3 has the front coating

[0061] 23 consists of a clear coat. This type of clear coat, which is sufficiently stable against weathering, UV radiation, and other influences throughout its entire service life, is known, for example, from the automotive sector.

[0062] The solar cells 2 are no longer embedded in the lamination film 4, but in a lacquer layer 24. The lacquer layer

[0063] 24 fastens the solar cells 2 and surrounds them. The lacquer layer 24 is applied such that in particular the irradiation side of the solar cells 2 is not covered by the lacquer layer 24. The lacquer layer 24 reshapes and surrounds the solar cells 2 so that they are sufficiently mechanically stabilized. In addition, the lacquer layer 24 acts as an adhesive or bonding layer for bonding the second plate 10b. The lacquer layer 24 therefore also serves as the first plate 10a. The lacquer layer 24 thus fulfills the functionality of the lamination film 4 and the first plate 10a in the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 1.

[0064] The cooling channels 10c are formed in the second plate 10b between the second plate 10b and the lacquer layer 24. The front coating 23, in particular the clear lacquer, is sprayed onto the side of the solar cells 2 facing away from the second plate 10b.

[0065] The exemplary embodiment of the PVT module 100 according to Figure 3 can therefore be produced in particular without a lamination step. In addition, cost-intensive materials such as lamination films and / or Tedlar films or adhesion-promoting films and layers can be saved. Production is significantly simplified and the process steps for production are reduced, thus simplifying the process chain. For production, the embedding lacquer layer 24 is applied to the second plate 10b. The solar cells 2 are embedded in the lacquer layer 24. The lacquer layer 24 hardens. Subsequently, the lacquer for the front coating 23 is applied. The PVT module 100 is thus completely manufactured. A front cover made of glass can be dispensed with. Production is very resource- and energy-efficient. The PVT module 100 is very lightweight and light. The PVT module 100 is cost-effective.

[0066] Figure 4 shows the photovoltaic-thermal module 100 according to a further exemplary embodiment. The PVT module 100 has the lacquer layer 24, which secures and surrounds the solar cells 2. The lacquer layer 24 is applied such that, in particular, the irradiation side of the solar cells 2 is not covered by the lacquer layer 24. The lacquer layer 24 reshapes and surrounds the solar cells 2 so that they are sufficiently mechanically stabilized. The lacquer layer 24 thus fulfills, in particular, the functionality of the lamination film 4. In addition, the PVT module 100 has the front coating 23 made of a clear lacquer.

[0067] The surface heat sink 10 has in particular two thin aluminum sheets 10a, 10b which are connected to one another, for example soldered to one another. The channel structure with the plurality of cooling channels 10c is embossed into the second plate 10b by a punching process. The first plate 10a is connected to the lacquer layer 24. According to embodiments such as in the embodiment according to Figures 2 and 3, the second plate 10b extends to the edge 15 of the PVT module 100. According to further embodiments, the second plate 10b is set back as in the embodiment according to Figure 1, so that the second region 13 which is not covered by the second plate 10b is formed on the first plate 10a.

[0068] According to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in Figure 4, a film 21, in particular a PET film, is provided between the first plate 10a and the lacquer layer 24. The film 21 serves for electrical insulation between the surface heat sink 10 and the solar cells 2. According to further exemplary embodiments, the film 21 is omitted, in particular if the lacquer layer 24 itself is sufficiently electrically insulating. In this exemplary embodiment, the first plate 10a is attached directly to the lacquer layer 24.

[0069] The exemplary embodiment of the PVT module 100 according to Figure 4 can therefore be produced in particular without a lamination step. In addition, cost-intensive materials such as lamination films and / or Tedlar films or adhesion-promoting films and layers can be saved. The front cover made of glass can be dispensed with. The PVT module 100 can be produced easily and reliably because there are no longer any different expansion coefficients to compensate for between the front glass 1 and the aluminum heat sink 10. It is also possible to embed the solar cells 2 in the lamination film 4, as explained in connection with Figure 1. The heat sink 10 serves as mechanical support, and the front coating 23 made of clear varnish covers the solar cells 2 on top. Areas of application for the PVT modules 100 described here include solar cells 2 of all types, for example crystalline or bifacial crystalline modules or thin-film modules.Furthermore, the following areas of application for the 100 modules are particularly considered: rooftop, industry, open space, low-temperature heating networks, floating systems, large open-space solar parks, particularly in hot regions such as the USA, India, Spain, Arabia, Australia and Chile.

[0070] The PVT module 100 according to the various embodiments can be manufactured comparatively cost-effectively. Process times and manufacturing complexity can be reduced. This leads to increased cost-effectiveness of the PVT modules 100, particularly in contrast to conventional PVT modules with copper tubes.

[0071] The PVT module 100 according to the various embodiments is characterized by improved reliability and quality due to the double joining connection by means of adhesive / lamination and clamping in the frame 5. Furthermore, significant simplifications in the production process are possible. Significantly less expensive materials can be used. Lower costs and greater efficiency are thus possible.

[0072] Reference sign

[0073] 100 photovoltaic thermal module (PVT module)

[0074] 1 front glass

[0075] 2 solar cells

[0076] 3 electrical cell connectors

[0077] 4 lamination film

[0078] 5 frames

[0079] 5a upper bracket

[0080] 5b lower bracket

[0081] 5c clamp connection

[0082] 6 Rear wall

[0083] 7 Adhesive layer

[0084] 10 surface heat sinks

[0085] 10a first plate facing the solar cells

[0086] 10b second plate, facing away from the solar cells

[0087] 10c Cooling channel

[0088] 11 Main area

[0089] 12 first area

[0090] 13 second area

[0091] 14 Distance

[0092] 21 Slide

[0093] 22 Adhesive bond

[0094] 23 Front coating

[0095] 24 coats of paint

[0096] 25 layer stacks

[0097] 26 Stacking direction

Claims

Patent claims 1. Photovoltaic thermal module (100) with - a multitude of solar cells (2) , and - a surface heat sink (10), wherein - the surface heat sink (10) is based on at least one inorganic material and contains a plurality of cooling channels (10c), wherein the surface heat sink has two plates (10a, 10b) between which the cooling channels (10c) are formed, wherein a first of the plates (10a), which faces the solar cells (2), is flat, wherein the cooling channels (10c) are defined by a second of the plates (10b), which faces away from the solar cells (2), and wherein the second plate (10b) is arranged on a main surface (11) of the first plate (10a), such that a first region (12) of the first plate (10a) is covered by the second plate (10b) and a second region (13) of the first plate (10a) is free of the second plate (10b).

2. Photovoltaic thermal module according to claim 1, wherein the first plate (10a) extends over a larger area than the second plate (10b).

3. Photovoltaic thermal module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second region (13) of the first plate (10a) is arranged circumferentially around the second plate (10b).

4. Photovoltaic thermal module according to one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a support frame (5) which mechanically supports the photovoltaic thermal module (100), the support frame (5) being in contact with the second region (13) of the first plate (10a).

5. Photovoltaic thermal module according to claim 4, wherein the support frame (5) clamps the solar cells (2) and the first plate (10a) together.

6. Photovoltaic thermal module (100) with - a multitude of solar cells (2) , and - a surface heat sink (10), wherein - the surface heat sink (10) includes a plurality of cooling channels (10c), wherein the surface heat sink has two plates (10a, 10b) between which the cooling channels (10c) are formed, wherein a first of the plates (10a) faces the solar cells (2) and the cooling channels (10c) are defined by a second of the plates (10b) which faces away from the solar cells (2), and wherein the first plate (10a) has a film (21) and / or a lacquer (24).

7. Photovoltaic thermal module (100) according to claim 6, wherein the film (21) and / or the lacquer (24) and the second plate (10b) are connected to one another by means of an adhesive connection (22).

8. Photovoltaic thermal module (100) according to claim 6 or 7, in which the film (21) and / or the lacquer (24) is arranged directly on the solar cells (2).

9. Photovoltaic thermal module (100) according to claim 6 to 8, wherein the first plate (10a) is formed by means of a film (21) and / or a lacquer (24).

10. Photovoltaic thermal module (100) according to claim 6 to 9, in which the solar cells (2) are embedded in the lacquer (24).

11. Photovoltaic thermal module (100) according to one of claims 6 to 10, comprising a front coating (23) which is arranged on a side of the solar cells (2) facing away from the surface heat sink (10) and which covers the solar cells (1), wherein the front coating (23) is formed by means of a film or a lacquer.

12. Photovoltaic thermal module (100) according to claims 10 and 11, wherein the photovoltaic thermal module (100) comprises a layer stack (25) which, in a stacking direction (26), comprises: - the second plate (10b) defining the cooling channels (10c), - the lacquer (24) which is formed as a layer and in which the solar cells (2) are embedded, - the front coating (23) which covers the paint (24).

13. Photovoltaic thermal module (100) with - a plurality of solar cells (2) embedded in a lacquer layer (24), and - a surface heat sink (10), wherein - the surface heat sink (10) is based on at least one inorganic material and includes a plurality of cooling channels (10c), wherein the surface heat sink has two plates (10a, 10b) between which the cooling channels (10c) are formed, wherein a first of the plates (10a), which faces the solar cells (2), is flat, wherein the cooling channels (10c) are defined by a second of the plates (10b) facing away from the solar cells (2), and - the surface heat sink (10) is attached to the lacquer layer (24).

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