Use of a coating system as a durable Anti-slip coating of surfaces

Abstract

The present invention relates to the use of a coating system as a very durable anti-slip coating of surfaces, in particular floors.

Description

[0001] Use of a coating system as a permanent anti-slip coating for surfaces

[0002] Field of the invention

[0003] The present invention relates to the use of a coating system as a very durable anti-slip coating for surfaces, in particular floors.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] To prevent slipping, slip-resistant surfaces are installed in accordance with the applicable regulations.

[0006] Common designs are:

[0007] • Rough concrete surfaces, such as

[0008] ° bossed natural stones,

[0009] ° blasted surfaces,

[0010] ° milled surfaces,

[0011] ° Concrete / mortar surfaces with a broom finish

[0012] • Tiles with rough surfaces with

[0013] ° coarse structure (e.g. pyramid-shaped),

[0014] ° fine structure

[0015] • coating systems filled or scattered with aggregate

[0016] These are carried out individually or in combination with each other.

[0017] The rapid deterioration of grip, i.e., the anti-slip properties, of conventional surfaces is primarily due to the rapid degradation and subsequent loss of micro-roughness, and also, to some extent, the loss of macro-roughness. This can then lead to the development of undesirable "aquaplaning."

[0018] Object of the invention

[0019] Since the durability of the anti-slip properties of the existing coating systems can be considered inadequate, the task is to

[0020] • adjustable in their anti-slip properties and

[0021] • provide a permanently functioning coating,

[0022] • meets the highest requirements for slip resistance on dry surfaces, on water-exposed surfaces and on oil-exposed surfaces and

[0023] • can be designed in any color and

[0024] • can be walked comfortably barefoot.

[0025] Description of the invention

[0026] This object is achieved by the use of a coating system as defined in claim 1.

[0027] Any known substrate can be used. Examples of such substrates include building surfaces such as walls / facades, roofs, floors, or furniture. Examples of substrate materials include wood, metal, ceramics (including quartz glass), concrete, stone (e.g., natural stone), and combinations of two or more of these materials.

[0028] The impregnating material can be "glued" to any known substrate surface in a first step, although it does not need to be fully cured. Particulate material is then applied to the substrate, which is then covered with the impregnating material layer and bonded to it. Since the impregnating material is liquid or at least not fully cured, the particulate material can be at least partially embedded in it and adhered to it.

[0029] Any material that has an adhesive effect and a suitable surface tension can be used as an impregnating material, allowing it to be applied to the substrate. Examples include adhesives, impregnating agents, primers, and the like. This material is preferably applied in a liquid state and then allowed to react, but not fully react, before the particulate material is adhered.

[0030] According to another aspect, the coating may further comprise a cover layer covering an upper surface of the coating.

[0031] According to a further aspect, the coating may comprise at least two successive layers of impregnating material to which the particulate material adheres.

[0032] According to a further aspect, the second layer is applied after the first layer has reacted or has not yet fully reacted.

[0033] The particles of the particulate material applied to the impregnating material are positioned against each other in such a way that they create a macro-roughness. The fracture behavior of the edges of the particles generally maintains, or rather, retains, their micro-roughness during wear (fracture edges). Thus, the particles are not "ground round," as is regularly observed with "sharp-edged" particles during use.

[0034] This effect can be achieved, in particular but not exclusively, by using ordinary acrylic paint, which is crushed after curing. Other alternatives include recycled plastics (e.g., PET), crushed micro-rough granite or other harder rocks, and corundum. These crushed particles can adhere to the impregnating material. In some aspects, the crushed acrylic paint is recycled acrylic paint. Therefore, the particles used can be very environmentally friendly.

[0035] According to a further aspect, the particulate material can adhere to the impregnating material after the impregnating material has been applied to the substrate in a liquid or incompletely reacted state. Capillary activity occurs because the impregnating material absorbs upwards, leaving cavities. Such a condition ensures close contact, so that at least a lower portion of the particulate material sinks into the impregnating material. At least some particles of the particulate material may have surfaces that protrude from the impregnating material. The protruding particles can then, if desired, be covered by a thin covering layer of no more than 20 μm, which merely fills the gaps or interstices and additionally fixes the particles.

[0036] According to a further aspect, voids can be provided between the particles of the particulate material, wherein the volume of the voids not filled with the impregnating material is between 20 and 80, in particular between 30 and 50, percent by volume. The impregnating material can penetrate into the voids between the particles of the material. However, due to the structure of the material, some voids are not filled with impregnating material and can be filled with the surrounding atmosphere. Voids are, in particular, free spaces between the particulate material particles within the layer of particulate material particles that are empty, i.e., not filled with impregnating material and / or the material forming the cover layer. Other possible volume fractions of the voids not filled with the impregnating material are 20 vol.%, 30 vol.%, 35 vol.%, 40 vol.%, and 50 vol.%.Each of these values ​​can independently serve as an upper or lower limit, depending on the required surface properties. According to a further aspect, the particulate material can be adhered to the impregnating material to form an impregnating material layer and a particulate material layer with interlocking interfaces. Because the particulate material adheres to the impregnating material when in a partially reacted but not yet fully reacted state, an essentially two-layer structure results, with the impregnating material penetrating between the voids of the particles at one interface. This results in interlocking surfaces and close contact consisting of a layer with two sublayers of an impregnating material and a particulate material. These interlocking surfaces result in high wear resistance and durability of the coating over several years.

[0037] According to a further aspect, the coating may comprise at least two consecutive layers of impregnating material to which the particulate material adheres. The anti-slip effect can be improved if more than one of the layers of impregnating material and particulate material is present in consecutive layers. The top layer is adhered to these layers.

[0038] According to a further aspect, the second layer can be applied after the first layer has fully reacted, or has not yet fully reacted. In order to obtain the two-layer structure comprising two layers of impregnating material to which particulate material adheres, it is advantageous to first prepare the lower layer in the manner described above, i.e., the impregnating material is first bonded to the substrate and the particulate material is adhered thereto. After this layer is completed and the impregnating material has at least largely or fully reacted, a second layer is applied in the same manner by first applying the impregnating material and then the particulate material thereto.

[0039] Another aspect is that the particulate material in the first and second layers can consist of the same particulate material. According to another aspect, the impregnating material in the first and second layers can consist of the same material. For a simpler structure, the same material can be used as the impregnating material for the first and second layers. Any material that can be applied in a liquid state and is dried, cured, or hardened at least after the particulate material has adhered can be used as the impregnating material. In particular, impregnating agents for concrete floors that are well known in the art can be used.

[0040] An example of such an impregnating material is described in DE 19828714 A1, to which reference is made. The impregnating material can be any base or adhesive material, in particular a two-component material with low viscosity, e.g. a two-component material based on epoxy resin, which can be used as an impregnating material. In a preferred embodiment, the impregnating material is made of a two-component material with an (initial) viscosity of less than 40 mPa * s (before curing). In principle, single- or multi-component materials that are low-viscosity (preferably <40 mPa • s) and solvent-free are suitable. These are, for example, low-viscosity epoxy resins consisting of solvent-free aliphatic, multifunctional reactive diluents and amine-based, aliphatic hardeners that are mixed shortly before application. For example, a thin, two-component epoxy resin such as PORFIL.PLUS X pore filler varnish (Porviva GmbH, Aachen, Germany). Alternatively, polyether-modified polyurethane prepolymers with isocyanate contents between 2 and 30% can be used, which are dispersed with 50 to 80 mass% water using suitable emulsifiers immediately before application. This low viscosity fundamentally distinguishes it from conventional "stone carpets" and "broadcast coating materials" with viscosities exceeding 500 mPa s. The inventive approach is essentially based on the use of very low-viscosity binders that only wet the interstices / contact points / contact surfaces of the scattered particles through capillary suction, thus creating a very void-rich layer.

[0041] According to another aspect, the topcoat may be a two-component polyurethane coating, preferably UV-stable and water-based. However, any coating that covers the protruding particles and provides high wear resistance may be used as the topcoat.

[0042] According to a further aspect, the particulate material, preferably the crushed acrylic paint, can contain a binder, preferably acrylic-based, mixed with a (preferably UV-stable) pigment and at least one filler. Colored and / or reflective pigments can be used as the pigment. In particular, UV-resistant pigments, either synthetic or natural materials, can be used as the filler. Glass, quartz, natural stone flour, calcium carbonate, or barium sulfate can be used as the filler. Epoxy resin, polyurethane, or the like can be used as an alternative to acrylic resin as the binder for the material from which the particles are made. In this case, the particulate material can be any material containing the aforementioned fillers, pigments, and binders. A particulate material made of any known paint can be used.

[0043] According to a further aspect, the particulate material of the particle layer can be a platelet-shaped particulate material. The terms "particulate" and "particulate" are used interchangeably within the meaning of the invention. If a platelet-shaped material is provided, this platelet shape serves as a source of roughness when adhered to the impregnating material. This forms stacked regions, wherein the particle platelets are stacked such that the front and back surfaces of such platelets are in close contact with one another, with the respective contact surface having an inclined configuration relative to the plane formed by the coating. This enables good micro- and macro-roughness, thereby improving the "anti-slip" functionality of the coating surface.

[0044] According to a further aspect, the platelets of the platelet-shaped particulate material may have an angular or very angular shape. The platelet-shaped particulate material may be evaluated for sphericity and roundness using the method of Krumbein and Sloss (Stratigraphy and Sedimentation, WH Freeman & Co; 2nd Edition (January 1, 1963)). In this method, the particles are visually inspected, and the angularity or roundness is assigned various values ​​between 0 and 1. A roundness of 1 means very low angularity (i.e., the particles are round), while a roundness of 0 means that the particles are very angular.

[0045] Angularity can also be derived automatically by determining the radius of all edges of a given particle and dividing the average radius of all edges by the largest radius of the particle's inner periphery. The more edges the particles have, the more the anti-slip effect can be improved. As surface roughness increases, the contact area between the coating and the person coming into contact with the coating decreases.

[0046] According to a further aspect, the particulate material may have an average grain size between 0.1 and 1 mm. Other possible average grain sizes include 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, and 0.9 mm. Each of these values ​​can independently serve as an upper or lower limit, depending on the required coating properties.

[0047] According to a further aspect, 10 to 50 wt%, in particular 20 to 40 wt%, preferably 25 to 30 wt%, of the total particulate material contained may fall into a sieve fraction between 0.25 to 0.5 mm and 10 to 50 wt%, in particular 20 to 40 wt%, of the total particulate material contained may fall into a sieve fraction between 0.5 and 1 mm. In some aspects, 5 to 20 wt% of the total particulate material contained may fall into a sieve fraction between 1.00 and 1.25 mm. According to a further aspect, no more than 3 wt% of the total material should fall into a sieve fraction of 0.125 mm or less, in particular no more than 1 wt%. According to a further aspect, no more than 1 wt% of the total material should fall into a sieve fraction of 1.25 mm or more, in particular no more than 0.5 wt%.

[0048] The particulate material does not have to consist of particles of the same size. The aforementioned particle size distributions are also possible. The aforementioned size distribution can easily be achieved by crushing acrylic paint or recycled plastics, or by crushing and selectively sieving rock-like materials such as granite or corundum.

[0049] According to a further aspect, the impregnating material for the second layer may be applied to the surface of the first layer with a specific weight between 170 g / m 2 and 230 g / m 2 The impregnating material of the base layer, which is in direct contact with the substrate, can also be applied in the above-mentioned amount. In this case, the substrate surface can be almost pore-free. If a porous carrier material is used, the amount can be approximately 700 g / m 2or more. When coating a porous substrate, the pores should preferably be filled with the impregnating material, leaving a residue on the surface to allow the particulate material to adhere to it.

[0050] According to a further aspect, the upper surface defined by the cover layer can have a roughness value between 0.05 mm and 3 mm, in particular from 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm. Other possible roughness values ​​include 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm and 2.5 mm. Each of the roughness values ​​mentioned can independently serve as an upper or lower limit, depending on the required coating properties. The roughness is determined using standard procedures. Tactile or optical measuring devices are primarily used as objective measurement methods for measuring surface roughness. Depending on the measuring system, the measurement methods enable 2D or 3D (topography) evaluation. The measurement data can be recorded, stored and analyzed. The exact procedure for measuring surface roughness with a tactile surface measuring device is described in ISO 4288:1996, to which reference is made here.

[0051] The inventors unexpectedly discovered that each of the above-mentioned features, alone or in combination, results in an improved coating on a substrate that permanently maintains the measurable slip resistance (PTV values) at a very high value (» 50 PTV, preferably > 65 PTV). The PTV test is a recognized test method for the slip resistance / slip resistance of a surface according to EN13036-4 (The Pendulum Test - European Standard EN 13036-4:2011). The European Standard EN 13036-4:2011 allows a classification of the slip resistance of all floors. For this purpose, the surface properties of a floor are determined under dry, damp and / or oily conditions using a pendulum test. The risk of slipping and potential injury is measured. The pendulum test has been proven to be reliable. Measurements are taken using a sliding block attached to the end of a pendulum arm.It simulates the sliding process and measures the sliding friction on the surface. The results are displayed on a measuring field scale, from which the pendulum test value (PTV) can be read.

[0052] The anti-slip effect lasts for several years with normal use and maintenance of the coated substrates, in particular at least 2, at least 5, or at least 10 years. If the surfaces are subsequently recoated (e.g., after approximately 5 years), the topcoat is preferably diluted with up to 5 parts by mass of water to ensure a dry film thickness of 5 μm is not exceeded. This ensures that the micro- and macro-roughness is sufficiently maintained.

[0053] Thus, the present invention preferably relates to the use of a coating on a substrate comprising an impregnating material adhered to the substrate; a particulate material adhered to or partially incorporated into the impregnating material; and a topcoat covering an upper surface of the coating; wherein the particulate material is a platelet-shaped material.

[0054] According to a further aspect, the coating may comprise at least two consecutive layers of impregnating material to which the particulate material adheres or is partially incorporated. According to a further aspect, the second layer is applied after the first layer has fully reacted or cured, or has not yet fully reacted.

[0055] The present invention also provides the use of a coating on a substrate, comprising: a base material adhered to the substrate; and a particulate material adhered to the base material; wherein the particulate material has an angular or very angular shape such that the upper surface of the coating has a macroroughness between 0.05 mm and 3 mm. According to this aspect of the invention, a base material is used that adheres to the substrate and to which particles with an angular or very angular shape adhere, such that the upper surface of the coating has a macroroughness between 0.05 mm and 3 mm. The shape of the particulate or platelet-shaped material can be used to adjust the surface roughness (macro- and microroughness), thus reducing the contact area between the user and the coating. For example, an angular / very angular material improves the roughness of the surface.

[0056] According to the invention, the coating is used for various surfaces, in particular building surfaces such as walls / facades, roofs, floors, or furniture, especially floors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] FIG. 1 is a representative cross-sectional view of a coating according to the present invention applied to a substrate;

[0058] FIG. 2 is a representative illustration of the relationship between the ratio of the various axes of the particles of the particulate material and their appearance;

[0059] FIG. 3 is a representative illustration of the relationship between roundness (x-axis) and sphericity (y-axis), where roundness is a measure of the angular shape of the particles of the particulate material; and

[0060] FIG. 4 is a representative illustration of another method for measuring the angularity of the particles of the particulate material.

[0061] A schematic example of the coating according to the invention on a substrate is shown schematically in FIG. 1. A particulate material, which in the present case is a platelet material, is designated by the reference numeral 1 in FIG. 1. After an impregnating material 3 has been applied to the substrate 2 (e.g., to the surface 6 of the substrate 2) in a first step, the platelet material 1 is applied to the semi-cured impregnating material 3. Since the impregnating material 3 is semi-cured, this material flows at least partially into the cavities 4 between the platelet material and at least partially fills some of these cavities 4. A cover layer 5 made of a sealing resin is applied to this coating made of the platelet material 1 and the impregnating material. This cover layer 5 covers the protruding edges of the platelet material 1 and leads to increased wear resistance and durability.

[0062] Various possible materials are discussed below, which should not be considered as limiting with regard to the present invention.

[0063] Any material that can be applied in liquid form and cures, reacts, or dries after application can be used as an impregnating material. Such a material could be an impregnating material commonly used to cover and impregnate concrete or flooring materials. A specific example is a two-component epoxy resin.

[0064] After the two components have been combined, the impregnating material can be applied in an amount of 10 to 200 g / m 2 , preferably 50 g / m 2 , 100 g / m 2 or 150 g / m 2 , applied to the substrate. In this case, the substrate surface should be almost pore-free. If a porous substrate material is used, the amount can be approximately 700 g / m 2or more. When coating a porous substrate, the pores should be filled with the impregnating material, and a residue should be left on the surface to allow the particulate material to adhere to it.

[0065] Any material with a platelet-like appearance and / or any material with an angular or very angular shape, such that the upper surface of the coating has a roughness between 0.05 mm and 3 mm, can be used as the particulate material. The particulate material is preferably crushed acrylic paint or broken micro-rough granite or other harder rocks. As long as a platelet-like material and / or a material with an angular or very angular shape is used, its shape can be determined according to the following scheme.

[0066] Every platelet-shaped material is an idealized shape with one axis being the longest axis, one axis being a central axis, and one axis being the shortest axis. This is shown in FIG. 2. Every platelet material can have a shell geometry corresponding to the example particles shown in FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, axes a, b, c denote the respective short axis (c), central axis (b), and long axis (a) of the particle. The relationship between the axes and length can be used to characterize the platelet shape of the particles. A ratio between the central axis b and the short axis c of 1 (see right quadrant D in FIG. 2) means that these axes are equal. A ratio of approximately 0 means that the shortest axis c is very short and the central axis b is longer than the shortest axis c (see quadrant C). On the horizontal axis in FIG. 2, the ratio between the shortest and central axes is therefore between 0 and 1.

[0067] A further relationship can be established between the central axis b and the longest axis a, which is represented by the vertical axis. Since the ratio between the longest axis c and the central axis b is equal, this ratio is approximately 1 (see quadrant A).

[0068] The platelet material is preferably a material in which the ratio between the shortest and the central axis c / b is between 0 and 0.65, and in which the ratio between the medium and the longest axis b / a is between 0 and 1 (quadrants A and C). It is particularly preferred to also select the ratio between the medium and the longest axis b / a between 0 and 0.65. Further preferred ranges for the ratio between the shortest and the central axes a to b are between 0.3 and 0.5.

[0069] The platelet-like appearance increases the surface-to-volume ratio. Furthermore, it was unexpectedly found that the higher the surface-to-volume ratio, i.e., the more platelet-shaped the particles, the better the anti-slip function. Stacked regions are formed, with the particle platelets stacked in such a way that the front and back surfaces of such platelets are in close contact with each other, with the respective contact surface having an inclined configuration relative to the plane formed by the coating. This enables good and durable surface roughness.

[0070] Another measure of morphology is angularity. This angularity can be assessed using visual methods, e.g., the Krumbein and Sloss method. An example illustrating this method is shown in FIG. 3. On the horizontal axis, a scale between 0.0 and 1 is provided as a measure of roundness (which is a measure of angularity), while on the vertical axis, a scale between 0.0 and 1.0 is given for sphericity. Sphericity is a measure that indicates how spherical an object is.

[0071] Sphericity is a measure of how spherical (round) an object is. As such, it is a specific example of a measurement of the compactness of a shape. The sphericity of a particle is defined by the following formula:

[0072] In the above formula, Vp is the volume of the particle, Ap is the surface area of ​​the particle. The sphericity of a sphere is by definition equal to one (1 .00), and according to the isoperimetric inequality, any particle that is not a sphere has a sphericity less than 1.

[0073] Roundness is a measure of the angularity of the particles. According to the method of Krumbein and Sloss, each particle is visually inspected and assigned to a field in the matrix in FIG. 3. Particles with a roundness between 0 and 0.2 (an angularity between 1 and 0.8) are classified as very angular, particles with a roundness between 0.2 and 0.4 (an angularity between 0.8 and 0.6) as angular, particles with a roundness between 0.4 and 0.6 (an angularity between 0.6 and 0.4) as subangular, particles with a roundness between 0.6 and 0.8 (an angularity between 0.4 and 0.2) are rounded, and particles with a roundness between 0.8 and 1.0 (an angularity between 0.2 and 0.0) are classified as well rounded.

[0074] In the present case, it is preferred that the appearance of the platelet material be at least angular (roundness below 0.4). In particular, it is preferred that the roundness be very angular (roundness below 0.2).

[0075] The higher the angularity of this platelet material, the rougher the surface of the coating. On the other hand, the angularity ensures a suitable distance between neighboring particles, creating corresponding voids. This results in a structure that is not too compact. The not too compact, open structure improves the macro-roughness of the surface. The more edges, surface roughness, and voids the surface has, the more effective it is against aquaplaning.

[0076] The angularity can also be derived by an automatic method, as schematically shown in FIG. 4, where the radius of all edges of a respective particle is determined and the mean radius of all edges is divided by the largest radius of the inner cycle of the particle.

[0077] As shown in FIG. 4, the radii of all edges of the particles, viewed in a plane, are determined, and the average radius of all edges is determined. This average radius is divided by the radius of the largest inner circle within the particle. The obtained ratio is a measure of angularity. The higher the angularity, the lower the value (approximately 0), and the lower the angularity, the higher the value (approximately 1). Very angular means a value of 0.0 to less than 0.2, and angular means a value of 0.2 to 0.4. The values ​​determined by these methods are similar to the values ​​determined using the Krumbein and Sloss method. The angular / very angular material improves the roughness of the surface that can be coated with the topcoat.

[0078] The platelet materials preferably have a thickness of 50 μm to 150 μm; further preferred thicknesses are 80, 100, 115, 120, and 130 μm. These thicknesses can each represent an upper or lower limit for a thickness. The respective thickness should be selected with regard to the thermal conduction requirements.

[0079] The so-called apparent density of the particulate material (ie the mass of the material in relation to the volume including the voids in the material) is preferably in the range between 2000 kg / m3 and 2800 kg / m 3 . Other preferred values ​​for bulk density are 2100, 2200 and 2400 kg / m 3 The respective bulk density can represent an upper or lower limit. The so-called external density, which represents the ratio between the mass of the material and the volume after the material has been poured onto a surface, should preferably be in the range between 1000 and 2000 kg / m 3with preferred values ​​being 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700 and 1800 kg / m 3 . These specified values ​​for the external density can each independently represent an upper or lower limit.

[0080] The pore volume of the loose platelet material may preferably be between 25 and 50 volume percent, in particular between 35 and 45 volume percent or approximately 40 volume percent.

[0081] In addition to or as an alternative to the platelet-like appearance, the particulate material can preferably consist of shredded acrylic paint or rock, plate-shaped and / or sheet-shaped recycled plastics (PET, etc.). Any known acrylic paint, including recycled acrylic paint, can be used. Before shredding the material, e.g., the acrylic paint, the material should be cured and then subjected to a shredding process. The shredding process is preferably also applied to an acrylic resin layer or a film.

[0082] The crushed material may consist of an acrylic-based binder mixed with a UV-stable pigment and at least one filler. Colored and / or reflective pigments may be used as pigments. In particular, UV-resistant pigments, either artificial or natural, may be used as fillers. Glass, quartz, natural stone flour, calcium carbonate, or barium sulfate may be used as fillers. Epoxy resin, polyurethane, or similar materials may be used as binders for the particles as an alternative to acrylic resin. In this case, the particulate material may be any material containing the aforementioned fillers, pigments, and binders. Particulate material of any known color may be used. Instead of acrylic paint, another particulate material of any known color may also be used.

[0083] In particular, the particulate material may have a particular particle size distribution as set out in Table 1 below.

[0084] Table 1

[0085] Particle size / sieve fraction (mm) Quantity (Vol%)

[0086] 0.00 - 0.125 0 - 3.0

[0087] 0.125 - 0.25 2.0 - 10.0

[0088] 0.25 - 0.50 25.0 - 40.0

[0089] 0.50 - 1.00 25.0 - 40.0

[0090] 1.00 - 1.25 5.0 - 20.0

[0091] >1.25 < 1 ,0

[0092] This means that about 0 to 3 vol% fall into a sieve fraction between 0.00 and 0.125 mm, 2 to 10 vol% fall into a sieve fraction of 0.125 to 0.25 mm, 25 to 40 vol% fall into a sieve fraction of 2.25 to 0.50 mm and about 25 to 40 vol% fall into a sieve fraction between 0.5 and 1.0 mm, 5 to 20 vol% fall into a sieve fraction between 1.00 and 1.25 mm and less than 1% fall into a sieve fraction larger than 1.25 mm.

[0093] Once the particulate material has adhered to the impregnating material, a topcoat can be applied. The topcoat forms a sealing layer and, in particular, prevents the particles from detaching. This sealing layer (i.e., the topcoat) can be a pore-filling topcoat that at least partially fills the pores of the particulate material, a low-viscosity (e.g., < 80 mPa*s) two-component resin, a transparent coating, and a water-resistant material. This coating can be a two-component polyurethane-based topcoat. In particular, it is preferred that the topcoat consists of a different material than the impregnating layer. The use of a very low-viscosity topcoat, e.g., with an active ingredient content of 2 to 25 vol.%, provides further mechanical stabilization and rounds off undercuts to increase cleanability.This layer exhibits pronounced micro- and macro-roughness without significantly compromising the micro- or macro-roughness of the underlying layer(s), thus contributing to excellent anti-slip properties. The top layer creates a closed surface that is easy to clean, has a slip-resistant effect, and is wear-resistant and durable.

[0094] The coating of the substrate with the material according to the invention is described as follows.

[0095] After applying the impregnating material to the substrate surface, e.g., with a paint roller, the particulate material is applied to it. To ensure the particulate material adheres, the impregnating layer can be semi-cured, semi-cured, or semi-dry, or the particulate material can be applied directly after the impregnating layer has been applied while it is still liquid.

[0096] The film thickness of the wet film of the impregnation layer is, for example, 100 g / m 2 + / - 50 g / m 2 If porous material, such as aerated concrete, is used as the substrate, the film thickness of the wet film of the impregnation layer is, for example, 700 g / m 2 This impregnation layer is applied as a continuous layer using a paint roller.

[0097] The particulate materials can be blown onto the impregnating layer, e.g., using a high-pressure gun. If the impregnating layer is not yet hard after being applied to the substrate, the particulate material can sink into the impregnating material, and the impregnating material can rise between the particulate materials, also through capillary forces. In this way, voids can form between the particles, with the volume of the voids not filled with the impregnating material being between 35 and 45 volume percent. During the application of the particulate material to the impregnating material, the impregnating material can diffuse into the voids between the particulate material particles. However, due to the structure of the material, some voids will not be filled with impregnating agent. If there are voids that are not filled with impregnating material, e.g.,If air remains in the cavities, this promotes the desired anti-slip properties or at least is not disruptive. A consistent "house of cards" structure, crisscrossed with cavities throughout the entire surface, allows for newly exposed macro-roughness, even as the surface wears, and thus also newly exposed micro-roughness on exposed, previously unexposed, particles.

[0098] After the particulate material has adhered to the impregnating material, the resulting layer becomes harder. Afterward, the excess particles that do not adhere are blown away.

[0099] The topcoat can then be applied with a paint roller. The respective layer thicknesses can be the same as those specified above for the impregnating material. Alternatively, after the first layer has cured, a second impregnating layer can be applied with a paint roller in a further step. In a subsequent step, the particulate materials can then be applied to the still uncured impregnating material of the second layer. The corresponding topcoat can then be applied to such a two-layer structure.

[0100] More than these two layers may also be provided, containing an impregnating material in combination with particulate materials.

[0101] The support material may be any known support material, such as wood, metal, ceramic (including quartz glass), concrete, stone (e.g., natural stone), and combinations of two or more of these materials. The substrate may, for example, be a patio floor, a roof, and / or the wall of a building, each of which may independently contain one or more substrate materials. The present invention is particularly described in the following examples, which are provided for illustrative purposes only, since numerous modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0102] Example 1

[0103] The coating according to the invention on a concrete surface consisted of an impregnating / priming layer of PORFIL.PLUS X pore filler and a topcoat of PLEYERS.WB 800 GLOSS two-component polyurethane topcoat, both commercially available from Porviva GmbH. The particulate platelets were made of commercially available acrylic paint.

[0104] The combination of the particles of crushed acrylic paint and / or the angular material and / or the platelet-shaped material embedded in the impregnation layer fulfills two functions.

[0105] It represents

[0106] • due to the type of layering a macro-roughness is created and

[0107] • micro-roughness due to the fracture behavior of the fully or partially embedded particles.

[0108] Only the permanent preservation of macro- and micro-roughness is the necessary condition for a permanently effective “anti-slip”.

Claims

Patent claims 1 ) Use of a coating on a substrate comprising: at least one layer comprising an impregnating material adhered to the substrate; a particulate material adhered to and / or incorporated into the impregnating material, wherein the particulate material adheres to and / or sinks into the impregnating material when the impregnating material is in a liquid or partially cured state after application to the substrate; and a top layer covering an upper surface of the coating; for providing multi-year slip resistance on the substrate surface of > 50 PTV. 2) Use of the coating according to claim 1, wherein voids are present between the particles of the particulate material, the volume of the voids not filled with the impregnating material being between 30 and 50 volume percent. 3) Use of the coating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the top layer is a two-component polyurethane varnish. 4) Use of the coating according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the particulate material is crushed acrylic paint. 5) Use according to claim 4, wherein the crushed acrylic paint comprises an acrylic-based binder mixed with a pigment and at least one filler. 6) Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the particulate material is crushed micro-rough granite or corundum. 7) Use of the coating according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the particulate material contains a particulate material having an average grain size between 0.1 and 1 mm. 8) Use of the coating according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein 20 to 40 wt.% of the total particulate material contained falls into a sieve fraction between 0.25 and 0.5 mm, wherein 25 to 40 wt.% of the total particulate material falls into a sieve fraction between 0.5 and 1 mm, wherein not more than 3 wt.% of the total particular material falls into a sieve fraction of 0.125 mm or less and / or wherein not more than 1 wt.% of the total particular material falls into a sieve fraction of 1.25 mm or greater. 9) Use of the coating according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the upper surface defined by the cover layer has a roughness between 0.05 mm and 3 mm. 10) Use of the coating according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the coating comprises at least two layers of impregnating material, the second layer being applied after the first layer has partially or completely reacted and the particulate material has been applied.

Images