Arrangement for integration into a component, preferably gradient component

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement (A), preferably for integration into a component (10), in particular a gradient component. The arrangement (A) comprises two shaped bodies (100), at least one hollow body (150) having at least one cavity (1) and arranged between the two shaped bodies (100), and at least one reinforcement structure (200). The arrangement (A) is characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) extends in an arc and / or defines an intermediate space (R), wherein the two shaped bodies (100) and the at least one hollow body (150) are arranged in the intermediate space (R).

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an assembly comprising two molded bodies, at least one hollow body, and at least one reinforcement structure. The assembly is particularly suitable for integration into a component, preferably made of concrete, reinforced concrete, mortar, or clay. The component can, for example, be a gradient component, in particular a mesogradient component.

[0002] Conventional solid components made of materials such as concrete, mortar, or clay are characterized by a homogeneous materiality within the component. Although it is known that these components are subjected to very inhomogeneous internal loads under static and / or dynamic stress, and that parts of the material within the component's interior are subjected to only low levels of stress or are not required to absorb these stresses, there have been few approaches to date to structure the component's interior through deliberately created cavities in such a way that a reduction in component weight and, associated with this, a reduction in resource consumption, the energy required to manufacture the component, and the emissions released during its production can be achieved. One approach is gradient components.

[0003] DE 10 2011 102 337 A1 already discloses gradient components and devices for producing them. The teaching disclosed in DE 10 2011 102 337 A1 is based in particular on the approach of grading the properties of, for example, a solid component in at least one of the component's three spatial directions and thus expediently adapting them to static and / or dynamic loads. The devices and methods described therein allow the production of components with properties that continuously change in at least one of the component's three spatial directions. The grading of the properties can be achieved in particular by creating, for example, pores and / or incorporating lightweight aggregates. This technology already enables significant weight savings.

[0004] In the technique referred to as "mesogradation" in "Schmeer, D., Sobek, W.: Gradientenbeton. In: Betonkalender 2019. Ernst und Sohn, Berlin, 2019," spherical mineral hollow bodies, usually made of a special mortar, are inserted into the formwork for the solid / concrete components. By selecting the appropriate sphere diameter and arrangement, a finely graded distribution of the interior spaces within the solid / concrete component can be achieved, thus significantly reducing weight. At the same time, the recycling problem is solved by selecting a mineral material for the hollow bodies.

[0005] Building walls, building floors or building ceilings made of, for example, reinforced concrete are usually manufactured in formwork. The components are usually manufactured with flat boundary surfaces, particularly for formwork-related reasons. System planes of adjacent boundary surfaces usually meet at right angles, resulting in the familiar cubic shapes of concrete components such as beams, slabs or slabs (walls). The reinforcement required to absorb the tensile forces occurring in a concrete component, currently typically reinforcement made of bar-shaped structural steel or reinforcement mats made from it, is usually laid parallel to the component surfaces for reasons of ease of installation. In the resulting geometric structure of the reinforcement, the axes of the reinforcing bars usually deviate from the tensile trajectories within the component.Almost all reinforcing bars are therefore subjected to different load levels along their longitudinal axis, which leads to inefficient material utilization despite a typically constant bar cross-section. Laying the reinforcement parallel to the component surfaces also requires the use of shear reinforcement, which is typically installed in the form of stirrups whose system / bending plane is perpendicular to the plane of the reinforcement laid parallel to the component surfaces. Shear reinforcement laid in this way also deviates from the tensile trajectories within the component, which is why the material utilization of the shear reinforcement is also inefficient. Finally, in reinforced concrete components such as reinforced concrete slabs, the upper reinforcement layer is usually fixed in its height with support elements (spacers).These support elements are typically statically ineffective after the component is completed, which further inefficiently affects the material used. Trajectories are defined as lines of the same principal stress direction. The magnitude and sign of a principal stress can therefore change along a trajectory. Tensile trajectories are defined in particular as lines that, on the one hand, are lines of the same principal stress direction, but along which the stress does not change sign but is always tensile, and along which the magnitude of the tensile stress is ideally largely constant.

[0006] Due to the high CO2 emissions during the production of structural steel, minimizing the amount of reinforcing steel used should be the goal. A corresponding reduction in the weight of reinforcing steel used should be accompanied by a reduction in the weight of concrete, which in turn allows for a further reduction in the weight of steel. Since large amounts of CO2 are also emitted during the production of concrete, especially the cement used in concrete, a reduction in the amount of steel used, as well as the amount of concrete used, is of vital interest.

[0007] An object of the invention is to provide an arrangement which enables efficient load transfer by means of a reinforcement structure and with which a reinforcement structure can preferably be formed in a simple manner as a tensile trajectory reinforcement and / or to which, for example, a reinforcement structure formed as a tensile trajectory reinforcement can be attached in a simple manner.

[0008] Assembly aids (e.g. spacers) that are not required for the actual function of the component and, for example, the properties expected from it, should preferably be avoided or at least reduced.

[0009] The object can be achieved by the features of the independent claim. Advantageous developments of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims or emerge from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention.

[0010] The invention relates to an arrangement, preferably for integration into a component.

[0011] The arrangement may, for example, comprise at least two shaped bodies and at least one hollow body.

[0012] The at least one hollow body comprises at least one cavity and can preferably be arranged between the two molded bodies.

[0013] The component is preferably a building roof (e.g. flat roof or pitched roof), a building ceiling or a building floor.

[0014] The component is preferably designed as a gradient component, in particular as a mesogradient component.

[0015] The gradation of the gradient component can preferably be created by the cavities in a plurality of hollow bodies and optionally by cavities, e.g., in the molded bodies.

[0016] The component can be a solid component (e.g. a particularly graded or mesograded component) and / or a concrete component.

[0017] The component can in particular be made of mineral material (suitably building material), in particular concrete, reinforced concrete, mortar and / or clay.

[0018] The component may be made of a material whose tensile strength is lower than its compressive strength, which in particular creates the need for a reinforcement structure for the component.

[0019] The arrangement comprises at least one reinforcement structure.

[0020] The arrangement is preferably characterized in that the at least one reinforcement structure defines an intermediate space, wherein the at least two shaped bodies and the at least one hollow body can be expediently arranged in the intermediate space. Alternatively or additionally, the arrangement is preferably characterized in that the at least one reinforcement structure extends in an arcuate manner, at least in sections, in particular for adaptation to a (usually arcuate) tensile trajectory (expediently in the component), and can, for example, have a vertically downward-pointing arc shape, with a particularly expediently suitable curvature.

[0021] The two preformed parts and preferably the at least one hollow body offer, in particular, suitable bearing points for attaching and, in particular, supporting the reinforcement structure in an advantageously simple manner, expediently directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more stirrups or other suitable fastening means). The reinforcement structure can be expediently attached, directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more stirrups or other suitable fastening means), to the two preformed bodies and / or to the at least one hollow body in such a way that, based on gravity, in particular due to its own weight, it can assume an arched shape with a suitably suitable curvature, the course of which is at least approximately adapted to a course of one or more tensile trajectories within a component.

[0022] It is possible for the reinforcement structure to extend (e.g., in a ring and / or loop shape) around the two shaped bodies and the at least one hollow body, preferably in one piece. Alternatively or additionally, the reinforcement structure can, for example, form a circumferential, preferably closed enclosure for the two shaped bodies and the at least one hollow body in its circumferential direction. This allows, in particular, tensile forces in the reinforcement structure to be short-circuited, so that otherwise required anchoring lengths can advantageously be dispensed with. Alternatively or additionally, this can, for example, close the intermediate space in its circumferential direction.

[0023] To produce a reinforcement structure designed in this way, a reinforcing bar (e.g. made of reinforcing steel) (which is initially preferably straight) can be deformed by bending so that free ends of the reinforcing bar can be brought together, in particular overlapped and / or welded together.

[0024] By joining the two free ends, tensile forces in the reinforcing bar or in the reinforcement structure in general can be advantageously short-circuited. The anchoring length typically required for free bar ends can thus be advantageously eliminated, resulting in material savings. In addition to material savings, a particularly annular, loop-shaped, and / or circumferential reinforcement structure also allows for easy insertion into a formwork and / or simple assembly to the two preforms and preferably the at least one hollow body.

[0025] It is possible for the free ends to be welded together. However, it is not mandatory to weld the free ends of the reinforcing bar or the reinforcement structure in general. Short-circuiting the tensile forces is also possible, for example, by overlapping the free ends with a sufficiently long overlap, although this involves somewhat higher material consumption.

[0026] It is possible for the reinforcement structure to be formed by a reinforcing bar that is bent at least twice, for example. Thus, one and the same reinforcing bar can preferably extend in a ring and / or loop shape around the two shaped bodies and the at least one hollow body and / or form a circumferential enclosure for the two shaped bodies and the at least one hollow body. Alternatively, however, two individual bars are also possible.

[0027] As already mentioned, the reinforcement structure can, for example, have free ends, in particular free bar ends.

[0028] The free ends can be brought together in a joining area, in particular in order to advantageously short-circuit tensile forces in the reinforcement structure.

[0029] It is possible that (preferably in the joining area) the free ends overlap and / or are welded together, in particular in order to short-circuit tensile forces in the reinforcement structure.

[0030] It is possible that the free ends are welded together, for example, at the end face and / or by means of a butt joint.

[0031] The free ends can preferably be part of one and the same reinforcing bar, which, for example, enables simple and efficient production of the reinforcement structure. However, in the context of the invention, it is also possible to form the reinforcement structure with, for example, at least two reinforcing bars, which can be joined, for example, in two joining regions as disclosed herein.

[0032] The reinforcement structure can, for example, extend over three spatial directions and thus represent a 3-dimensional structure.

[0033] The two shaped bodies can preferably be arranged on the outside in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure, in particular at opposite ends of the reinforcement structure. One shaped body can be arranged at one longitudinal end and the other shaped body can be arranged at the other longitudinal end of the reinforcement structure.

[0034] It is possible for the reinforcement structure to be designed as tensile trajectory reinforcement, in particular for a suitable, essentially complete or at least approximate adaptation to a tensile trajectory within the component. For this purpose, the tensile trajectory reinforcement can, for example, be curved, at least in sections.

[0035] The reinforcement structure may comprise two first (suitably opposite each other) partial areas and / or two second (suitably opposite each other) partial areas.

[0036] The first two sections preferably form longitudinal axes of the reinforcement structure.

[0037] The two first partial regions can preferably extend vertically downward in an arcuate manner (in particular curved), e.g., to be at least approximately adapted to a tensile trajectory within the component. The longitudinal axes of the first partial regions are thus preferably curved.

[0038] The two first sub-areas can, for example, extend in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure and / or be spaced apart from each other in the transverse direction of the reinforcement structure.

[0039] It is possible for the two first partial regions to extend from one shaped body to the other shaped body, preferably substantially continuously in an arc shape, in particular substantially continuously curved downwards.

[0040] The two first partial areas can, for example, be curved downwards, preferably to adapt to a tensile trajectory present in the component.

[0041] The two first partial regions preferably extend in two planes that are essentially parallel to each other. The two planes can preferably be aligned essentially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure and / or essentially vertically.

[0042] The reinforcement structure, and in particular the two first sub-regions, can have a low point, particularly relative to their longitudinal extent, essentially centrally located, and / or, for example, two high points on the shaped bodies. In particular, the two first sub-regions can have one or more low points, and / or the two second sub-regions can have the high points.

[0043] The first two sections can, for example, be at the same height and / or at different heights.

[0044] It is possible that if the two first sub-areas have a suitable arched shape in the formwork, the arrangement can be cast with the material constituting the component and thus the component can be formed.

[0045] For example, a deadweight-based arch shape can avoid the need to bend the first two sections into the arch shape beforehand.

[0046] It is, for example, possible for the two first partial areas to sag freely due to their own weight, e.g. in a formwork, and thereby assume an arched shape which advantageously essentially corresponds to a tensile trajectory in the component. It is, however, also possible to allow the two first partial areas to sag due to their own weight, e.g. in a formwork, but preferably to bring them into a desired geometry between the two formed bodies by one or more holding means (e.g. one or more stirrups), the course of which advantageously essentially corresponds more precisely to a tensile trajectory in the component. Alternatively or additionally, the holding means can, for example, ensure that the dead weight of the reinforcement structure can also be distributed over the at least one hollow body. This can, for example,the deflection force resulting from the dead weight of the reinforcement structure, which acts as a tensile force on the formwork and which could possibly cause the formwork to tip and / or slide in the formwork if its dead weight or stability is too small, can be reduced or even eliminated.

[0047] It is possible for the two second partial regions to be spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure and / or to be guided around the two shaped bodies for connection to the two first partial regions. The two second partial regions can, for example, be substantially U-shaped or at least approximately semicircular and / or be guided laterally and externally around the two shaped bodies in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure.

[0048] The two second partial regions can, for example, engage with the two shaped bodies (preferably in a substantially U-shaped or semicircular manner) and thus be suitably supported and / or formed by the two shaped bodies, for example, to transfer tensile forces from the two first partial regions to the two shaped bodies.

[0049] However, the second two sub-areas are optional in the context of the invention.

[0050] It is possible that the reinforcement structure is held by at least one stirrup, for example.

[0051] The at least one bracket may, for example, comprise a substantially U-shaped base portion, but may also have other suitable shapes, such as an L-shape, a hook shape, etc.

[0052] For example, vertically acting forces resulting from the dead weight of the reinforcement structure can be transferred to the two shaped bodies and / or the at least one hollow body via one or more stirrups.

[0053] For example, tensile forces and / or horizontally acting forces resulting from the dead weight of the reinforcement structure can preferably be transferred directly into the two shaped bodies by means of the second partial areas.

[0054] It is possible for at least one bracket to be attached to at least one of the two shaped bodies (e.g., resting on top), to span at least one of the two shaped bodies, in particular transversely to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure, and / or to extend in a groove in at least one of the two shaped bodies. It is preferred for the two shaped bodies to be provided with a bracket.

[0055] It is possible for at least one stirrup to be attached to the at least one hollow body (e.g., resting on top), to span the at least one hollow body, particularly transversely to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure, and / or to extend in a groove in the at least one hollow body. It is preferred that several hollow bodies be provided with appropriately identical or different stirrups.

[0056] It is possible that the reinforcement structure is accommodated in preferably bent or hook-shaped ends of the at least one stirrup.

[0057] In particular, the two first partial regions can be attached to at least one common bracket, e.g., inserted into at least one common bracket.

[0058] It is possible that at least one bracket has two legs of equal or different lengths.

[0059] The at least one bracket can be made of, for example, bar steel, sheet steel or fiber-reinforced concrete or fiber-reinforced plastic.

[0060] It is possible that the two first partial regions rest on partial sections of the at least one hollow body and / or that the two second partial regions rest directly on the two shaped bodies.

[0061] The subsections can protrude from the at least one hollow body (e.g., transversely to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure) and / or extend as grooves within the at least one hollow body. It is possible for the subsections to be formed integrally with the at least one hollow body and / or to be made of mineral material.

[0062] It is possible, for example, for the subsections to be manufactured together with the at least one hollow body in a casting, injection molding or centrifugal process in order to be able to be formed integrally with the hollow body in one piece.

[0063] It is possible for the individual molded bodies to have at least one cavity and / or be made of mineral material. However, the individual molded bodies can also be solid and / or made of plastic or another material, particularly because the tensile forces from the first partial areas can be relatively large.

[0064] The at least one hollow body can be made of mineral material.

[0065] If several hollow bodies are used, the individual hollow bodies can have at least one cavity and / or be made of mineral material.

[0066] It is preferred that several (e.g. at least two, at least three, at least four or at least five) hollow bodies are arranged, in particular in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure, between the two shaped bodies.

[0067] It is possible that the assembly comprises at least two reinforcement structures as disclosed herein.

[0068] The two reinforcement structures can be provided with or without mutual overlap.

[0069] The two reinforcement structures can preferably overlap on one and the same shaped part.

[0070] The at least two reinforcement structures can preferably be arranged next to one another in the transverse direction and / or in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structures and / or can extend, for example, parallel or non-parallel to one another.

[0071] It is possible that the at least two reinforcement structures are attached to one and the same shaped body (e.g. at different heights), but different (e.g. essentially identical or different) hollow bodies can be arranged in their spaces.

[0072] It is possible that the arrangement comprises at least one thrust sensor.

[0073] The shear sensor is preferably used to fasten material below the reinforcement structure, in particular mineral material constituting the component, such as concrete, clay or mortar.

[0074] The thrust sensor is used in particular to ensure that the material located within a component and below the reinforcement structure can be firmly fastened into the component.

[0075] The shear sensor can, for example, be arranged (e.g. inserted) between two appropriately adjacent reinforcement structures and / or be arranged (e.g. inserted) between two hollow bodies that are appropriately adjacent in the transverse direction of a reinforcement structure.

[0076] It is possible that the thrust sensor has a substantially U-shaped base section and / or, for example, two legs pointing in different directions.

[0077] The thrust sensor can, for example, be arranged with the essentially U-shaped base section between two appropriately adjacent reinforcement structures and / or rest with the two legs pointing in different directions on two appropriately adjacent hollow bodies.

[0078] The thrust sensor can, for example, be bent at least four times and / or have at least four changes of direction along its longitudinal direction.

[0079] The thrust sensor can be made of, for example, bar steel, sheet steel, fiber-reinforced concrete or fiber-reinforced plastic.

[0080] The thrust sensor is used in particular for positioning between two adjacent arrangements as disclosed herein.

[0081] It is possible for reinforcement to be placed on top of the reinforcement structure, extending transversely to the longitudinal extent of the reinforcement structure. The reinforcement should preferably run horizontally.

[0082] It is possible for the two shaped bodies each to have at least one foot element which can protrude from the shaped bodies, e.g. downwards, transversely to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure and / or in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure.

[0083] The at least one hollow body may also have at least one foot element which may protrude from the hollow body, e.g. downwards, transversely to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure and / or in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure.

[0084] The shaped bodies and the at least one hollow body can preferably engage with each other by means of the foot elements, in particular in a form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner.

[0085] The foot elements preferably form lower and / or lateral spacers and preferably protrude downwards and / or to the side from the shaped bodies and / or the at least one hollow body.

[0086] The base elements can, for example, be designed to ensure a particularly stable arrangement with simultaneously high positional accuracy in a formwork, which can be particularly advantageous when assembling, in particular suspending, the reinforcement structure.

[0087] The foot elements can in particular form lateral and / or lower spacers.

[0088] It is possible that the foot elements are formed integrally with the associated shaped and / or hollow bodies and / or are made of mineral material.

[0089] For example, it is possible for the base elements to be manufactured together with the associated molded and / or hollow bodies using a casting, injection molding or centrifugal molding process.

[0090] The base elements can, for example, extend to the component surface and / or be essentially flush with the component surface. This also includes embodiments in which the component surface, and thus the base elements, are covered with plaster, wallpaper, a panel, etc.

[0091] The molded bodies and the at least one hollow body and / or a plurality of hollow bodies can be spaced apart from one another by spacers. The spacers can be filled, for example, with the material constituting the component during production of the component.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment, the molded bodies and a plurality of hollow bodies can be spaced apart from one another by individual spacing spaces, but can be engaged with one another, for example, by associated foot elements.

[0093] It is possible to arrange reinforcement beneath the reinforcement structure, for example, extending in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure. The reinforcement can preferably run horizontally. Alternatively or additionally, the reinforcement extends in two parallel planes, in which the first two sub-areas can also extend. The reinforcement can, for example, rest on one or more base elements of the shaped and / or hollow bodies.

[0094] It is possible for the individual molded bodies to have at least one cavity and / or to be formed from mineral material. In the context of the invention, the molded bodies can be formed, for example, as the one disclosed herein, with at least one hollow body.

[0095] The at least one hollow body can, for example, have a hollow body wall structure that forms a hollow body shell and preferably encloses the at least one cavity on all sides. The at least one cavity can thus, for example, be completely enclosed by the hollow body wall structure (and, for example, be designed to be free of openings). Alternatively or additionally, for example, the molded bodies can each have a hollow body wall structure that forms a hollow body shell and, in particular, encloses the at least one cavity on all sides. The at least one cavity can thus, for example, be completely enclosed by the hollow body wall structure (and, for example, be designed to be free of openings).

[0096] The cavities can, for example, be of the same or different sizes and / or have a size of 10 mm to 250 mm, preferably 75 mm to 250 mm.

[0097] It is possible that at least three, at least four or at least five hollow bodies are arranged in the space between the molded bodies.

[0098] The at least one hollow body is preferably designed in the shape of a hollow box, expediently with a substantially cuboid basic shape.

[0099] The shaped bodies can preferably have a round cylindrical (e.g. circular cylindrical) basic shape or be hollow box-shaped, expediently with a substantially cuboid basic shape.

[0100] The shaped bodies and / or the at least one hollow body are preferably prefabricated parts.

[0101] The building ceiling, the building roof or the building floor preferably represent building elements that are particularly suitable for use in a building.

[0102] The component, in particular the building ceiling, floor, or roof, can be prefabricated and thus manufactured, for example, in a precast concrete factory. Manufacturing on a construction site or in situ is also conceivable.

[0103] The component preferably comprises components that are essentially horizontally aligned during use. However, it can also comprise, for example, curved components or components that are expediently aligned at an angle during use.

[0104] It is possible that the cavities of the individual hollow bodies are of different sizes and / or have a size of 10mm to 250mm, preferably 75mm to 250mm.

[0105] It should be noted that the shaped bodies and / or the at least one hollow body are preferably suitable for erection, in particular in a formwork. For this purpose, the shaped bodies and / or the hollow body or the plurality of hollow bodies can each preferably have at least one base element (e.g., projecting downwards, in the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure, and / or transversely to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure).

[0106] The invention also encompasses an arrangement combination having a plurality of arrangements as disclosed herein.

[0107] The invention also comprises a component, preferably a gradient component, in particular a mesogradient component, with at least one arrangement as disclosed herein.

[0108] The at least one arrangement can expediently be integrated, in particular embedded, into a mineral material constituting the component (e.g. concrete, mortar and / or clay).

[0109] The component is preferably a gradient component, the gradation of which can be formed, for example, by the cavities of the hollow bodies and, for example, by optional cavities of the molded bodies.

[0110] The component can be a solid component (e.g. a particularly graded, particularly mesograded) component.

[0111] The component can, for example, be a concrete component.

[0112] The component can be designed, for example, as a building floor, building ceiling, or building roof (e.g., a flat roof or a slightly sloped roof). The component is therefore ideally suited for use in a building.

[0113] It is possible for the molded bodies to be integrated into the component, completely enclosed by the component's constituent material, e.g., mineral material. Alternatively or additionally, at least one hollow body or, if a plurality of hollow bodies is used, the individual hollow bodies can be integrated into the component, completely enclosed by the component's constituent material, e.g., mineral material.

[0114] It is possible that the spacing spaces in particular are filled by the mineral material constituting the component.

[0115] The reinforcement structure preferably comprises a reinforcing bar, e.g. made of structural steel.

[0116] However, the reinforcement structure can also comprise carbon fibers, glass fibers, or other tensile-resistant materials and be produced, for example, by a winding process or comparable technologies.

[0117] The reinforcement structure preferably forms a tensile trajectory reinforcement, whose longitudinal axes preferably coincide completely or partially with the tensile trajectories within the component. This advantageously allows for a reduction in the amount of reinforcement to be installed. The longitudinal axes of the first sub-regions are typically curved in these cases.

[0118] A tensile trajectory and / or a tensile trajectory course is understood here in particular to be a line which, on the one hand, represents a line of the same principal stress direction, but along which the stress does not change its sign but is always tensile and along which the magnitude of the tensile stress is ideally largely constant.

[0119] It is possible that the arch shape and / or the arched extension can, for example, be continuously curved or, for example, can have one or more discontinuities due to one or more bearing or support points.

[0120] The previously described preferred embodiments and features of the invention can be combined with one another. Advantageous further developments of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims or emerge from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures. They show: Figure 1 shows a plan view from above of a schematically illustrated arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention, Figure 2 shows a schematic side view of the arrangement of the Figure 1 , Figure 3 shows an enlarged detailed view of the Figure 1according to an embodiment of the invention, Figure 4 shows an enlarged detailed view of the Figure 1 according to another embodiment of the invention, Figure 5 shows a sectional view of a component according to an embodiment of the invention, Figure 6 shows a plan view of the component of the Figure 5, Figures 7 to 9 show different views of an arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention, Figures 10 and 11 show different views of a bracket according to an embodiment of the invention, Figures 12 to 14 show different views of an arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention, Figure 15 shows a plan view of an arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention, Figure 16 shows a side view of an arrangement according to an embodiment of the invention, Figure 17 shows a perspective view of two arrangements according to an embodiment of the invention, and Figure 18 shows a perspective view of a thrust sensor according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0121] The embodiments of the invention described with reference to the figures partially correspond, with similar or identical parts being provided with the same reference numerals. For explanations thereof, reference can also be made to the description of other embodiments. For illustrative purposes, not all parts are provided with reference numerals in all figures.

[0122] Figure 1 shows a plan view of a schematic arrangement A according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein Figure 2 shows a schematic side view of arrangement A.

[0123] The arrangement A is used for integration into a component 10 (e.g. Figure 5). The arrangement A comprises two shaped bodies 100, e.g., six hollow bodies 150 and a reinforcement structure 200. The two shaped bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150 are preferably formed from mineral material and each have at least one cavity 1. The cavities 1 serve for grading, in particular mesograding, the component 10, so that the component 10 can be designed as a gradient component 10. Typically, the component 10 comprises not just one arrangement A, but a plurality of arrangements A.

[0124] To produce the component 10, the arrangement A can be positioned in a formwork (casting mold) not shown, wherein the formwork can be filled, e.g. poured, with the preferably also mineral material M constituting the component 10, in particular in such a way that the arrangement A is conveniently enclosed by the material M and integrated into the component 10 (e.g. Figure 5 ).

[0125] The hollow bodies 150 and optionally the two molded bodies 100 are preferably to be placed according to the requirement and / or load profile of the component 10 in order to advantageously achieve, for example, a reduction in the component weight and thus a reduction in resource consumption, a reduction in the energy required to manufacture the component 10 and a reduction in the emissions released during the manufacture of the component 10.

[0126] Gradient components can achieve significant weight savings and, associated with this, significant emissions reductions. The molded and / or hollow bodies 100, 150 used for this purpose are not only suitable for weight savings, but also advantageously for attaching and / or creating a reinforcement structure 200, particularly designed as tensile trajectory reinforcement.

[0127] Trajectories are lines of the same principal stress direction. Thus, the magnitude and sign of a principal stress can change along a trajectory. Tensile trajectories are understood here in particular to be lines that, on the one hand, are lines of the same principal stress direction, but along which the stress does not change sign, but is always tensile, and along which the magnitude of the tensile stress is ideally largely constant.

[0128] The reinforcement structure 200 also extends essentially in an arcuate manner, preferably vertically downwards, in order to at least approximately adapt to an arcuate tensile trajectory in the component 10.

[0129] The reinforcement structure 200 defines a gap R, which is preferably closed in its circumferential direction. The two shaped bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150 are arranged in the gap R.

[0130] The reinforcement structure 200 extends essentially in a ring-shaped and / or loop-shaped manner around the two shaped bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150, preferably in a single piece. The reinforcement structure 200 forms a circumferential, preferably closed enclosure for the shaped bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150. This makes it possible, in particular, to short-circuit tensile forces in the reinforcement structure 200, so that otherwise required anchoring lengths can advantageously be avoided. The reinforcement structure 200 thus preferably forms a reinforcement loop or reinforcement sling for the shaped bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150.

[0131] The advantageously substantially ring- and / or loop-shaped reinforcement structure 200 can be formed by bending a reinforcing bar, preferably made of reinforcing steel, which is initially straight, for example. However, the arched shape of the reinforcement structure 200, adapted to a tensile trajectory, can advantageously be created essentially by the reinforcement structure's own weight and sagging between the preformed parts 100.

[0132] Free ends 204 (e.g. Figures 3 and 4 ) of the reinforcing bar or generally of the reinforcement structure 200 can be joined in a suitably positioned joining area 203 in such a way that a short circuit of tensile forces in the reinforcement structure 200 can be enabled. The free ends 204 can, for example, overlap and / or be welded together in the joining area 203. Direct contact between the free ends 204 is possible, but not absolutely necessary.

[0133] Reference number L indicates the longitudinal direction of the reinforcement structure 200, while reference number C indicates the transverse direction of the reinforcement structure 200.

[0134] The shaped bodies 100 are arranged outwardly in the longitudinal direction L of the reinforcement structure 200, so that one shaped body 100 is arranged at one longitudinal end and the other shaped body 100 is arranged at the other longitudinal end of the reinforcement structure 200.

[0135] The reinforcement structure 200 comprises two first opposing partial areas 201 and optionally two second opposing partial areas 202.

[0136] The first partial regions 201 are spaced apart from one another in the transverse direction C and extend substantially laterally outwardly in the longitudinal direction L along the molded bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150. The two first partial regions 201 extend in two mutually parallel planes. The two planes are parallel to the longitudinal direction L and vertically aligned.

[0137] The two first partial regions 201 are typically curved downwards, in particular to be at least approximately adapted to a tensile trajectory in the component 10. The reinforcement structure 200, and in particular the two first partial regions 201, can thus coincide substantially completely or at least partially with one or more tensile trajectories in the component 10.

[0138] The two second partial regions 202 are spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction L and are guided around the two shaped bodies 100 for connection to the two first partial regions 201.

[0139] The two second sub-areas 202 are directly or, for example, via a bracket 400 (e.g. Figures 7 to 14) are attached to the shaped bodies 100 and can, for example, engage with the shaped bodies 100 in a U-shaped or semicircular manner, in particular to transfer tensile forces from the two first partial regions 201 to the shaped bodies 100. It is preferred that the two second partial regions 202 are guided substantially in a U-shaped or semicircular manner around the two shaped bodies 100. As a result, tensile forces in the reinforcement structure 200 can be expediently introduced as deflection forces into the shaped parts 100 and from there into the component 10.

[0140] By attaching the two second partial areas 202 around the preformed parts 100, the reinforcement structure 200 is secured horizontally and optionally vertically. Alternatively or additionally, the vertical position can also be secured by one or more retaining means, such as one or more stirrups 400 (e.g. Figures 7 to 14 ) take place.

[0141] The reinforcement structure 200 can sag freely between the preformed parts 100 in the formwork, e.g., if the resulting geometry already corresponds completely or almost completely to the tensile trajectory to be modeled. The bar diameter of the reinforcement structure 200 should be selected so that the reinforcement structure 200 can sag freely due to its own weight alone. In this case, the first sections 201 do not need to be bent in advance.

[0142] If the geometry of the tensile trajectory and the geometry of a freely sagging reinforcement structure 200 do not sufficiently match, then the reinforcement structure 200 can be supported between the shaped bodies 100 by, for example, one or more stirrups 400 (e.g. Figures 7 to 14 ) into a target geometry whose course can correspond more precisely to the train trajectory to be mapped.

[0143] By inserting the reinforcement structure 200, for example, into the bent ends of the stirrups 400, the dead weight of the reinforcement structure 200 can be distributed among the form bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150. This eliminates or at least reduces the deflection force resulting from the dead weight of the reinforcement structure 200, which acts as a tensile force on the form bodies 100 and could potentially cause the form bodies 100 to tip and / or slide in the formwork if their dead weight is too small.

[0144] The hollow bodies 150 are preferably hollow box-shaped, expediently with a substantially cuboid basic shape.

[0145] The molded bodies 100 preferably have a round cylindrical (e.g., circular cylindrical) basic shape and can, for example, also be designed as hollow bodies and thus have one or more cavities 1. However, the molded bodies 100 can also be solid.

[0146] The Figures 1 and 2 also show that the molded bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150 are spaced apart from each other by individual spacing spaces S, but can engage with each other, for example, via associated foot elements 150, 151. The spacing spaces S can, for example, be filled with the material M constituting the component during the manufacture of the component 10 (e.g. Figure 5 ).

[0147] Figure 2 shows, for example, that the reinforcement structure 200, and in particular the two first partial regions 201, can have a low point 205 which is essentially central, in particular relative to its longitudinal extent, wherein its high points can be positioned in particular on the shaped bodies 100 and can be formed by the two second partial regions 202.

[0148] Figure 3 shows an enlarged detailed view of the Figure 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0149] In the Figure 3In the embodiment shown, the free ends 204 are welded together, in particular at the end by means of a butt joint.

[0150] Figure 4 shows an enlarged detailed view of the Figure 1 according to another embodiment of the invention.

[0151] In the Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the free ends 204 overlap with a length sufficient to transmit tensile forces. Welding along the length of the overlap is normally not required.

[0152] Figure 5 shows a particularly vertical sectional view of a component 10 according to an embodiment of the invention, which can be formed, for example, by means of several arrangements A placed next to one another in the transverse direction C. Figure 6 shows a corresponding plan view of the component 10, whereby for illustration purposes in Figure 6The material M constituting the component 10 and the hollow bodies 150 are not shown. The section in Figure 5 occurs between two strips of shaped and hollow bodies 100, 150, so that a row of them appears in section as a view.

[0153] The component 10 can expediently be manufactured in a formwork (casting mold) not shown, wherein the arrangements A are placed in the formwork and the formwork can be filled with the material M constituting the component 10, in particular in such a way that the arrangements A are expediently enclosed by the material M and integrated into the component 10.

[0154] The component 10 is preferably a gradient component, in particular a mesogradient component, the gradation of which is formed by the cavities 1 of the hollow bodies 150 and optionally the cavities 1 of the molded bodies 100.

[0155] The component 10 is designed, for example, as a building ceiling, in particular one that is tensioned biaxially, which is suitable for practical use in a building.

[0156] The cavities 1 preferably have a size of 10mm to 250mm.

[0157] The first partial regions 201 extend downwards in an arc shape and are thus at least approximately adapted to one or more tensile trajectories in the component 10 in order to be able to follow the tensile stress in the component 10 as precisely as possible.

[0158] The reinforcement structure 200 therefore preferably forms a tensile trajectory reinforcement whose longitudinal axes within the component 10 advantageously coincide completely or partially with the tensile trajectories. This allows a reduction in the amount of reinforcement to be installed.

[0159] On top of the reinforcement structure 200, and in particular on top of the first partial regions 201, there is an optional reinforcement 301 extending transversely to the longitudinal extent L of the reinforcement structure 200. The reinforcement 301 can preferably extend perpendicular to the first partial regions 201 in a horizontal plane.

[0160] The two molded bodies 100 each comprise at least one foot element 101. The hollow bodies 150 each also comprise at least one foot element 151.

[0161] The shaped bodies 100 and the hollow bodies 150 are engaged with each other by means of the foot elements 101, 151, in particular in the longitudinal direction L.

[0162] The foot elements 101, 151 enable safe and stable installation in the formwork and can also serve as spacers.

[0163] Figures 7 to 9show different views of an arrangement A according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular a molded part 100 with a reinforcement structure 200 and a bracket 400.

[0164] The preferably substantially U-shaped stirrup 400 can be used to fix the reinforcement structure 200 in the vertical direction and alternatively or additionally to bring the reinforcement structure 200 into a desired geometry whose course is adapted as precisely as possible to a course of a tensile trajectory.

[0165] The molded body 100 may have a groove 402 in which the bracket 400 may be arranged. Figures 7 to 9 show a groove 402 provided with a bracket 400 and an additional optional groove 402, which can optionally be provided with another bracket 400 or another fastening means.

[0166] The bracket 400 can be used in different embodiments.

[0167] For example, it is possible to attach a stirrup 400 to one form body 100 and to attach a stirrup 400 to the other form body 100, wherein the reinforcement structure 200 can sag freely in the formwork between the two stirrups 400 to achieve an arched shape.

[0168] However, it is also possible to attach a stirrup 400 to one shaped body 100 and to attach a stirrup 400 to the other shaped body 100 and to attach one or more stirrups 400 to the hollow bodies 150 in order to bring the reinforcement structure 200 into a likewise arched desired geometry, the course of which, however, is more precisely adapted to a course of a tensile trajectory.

[0169] The brackets 400 can in particular be designed to span the associated shaped and / or hollow bodies 100, 150 preferably transversely to the longitudinal direction L in order to be able to hold the two first partial regions 201 together.

[0170] A lower reinforcement 302 extending in the longitudinal direction L runs beneath the reinforcement structure 200. The lower reinforcement 302 preferably extends horizontally and / or in the two parallel planes in which the two first partial regions 201 can also run.

[0171] Figures 10 and 11 show different views of a bracket 400 according to embodiments of the invention.

[0172] Figure 10 shows a bracket 400 with equal length legs 401, where Figure 11 shows a stirrup 400 with legs 401 of different lengths, whereby, for example, a tilting of the system plane of the reinforcement structures 200 to be inserted about their longitudinal axis can be achieved.

[0173] Figures 12 to 14show different views of an arrangement A according to an embodiment of the invention, specifically of a molded body 100 to which two reinforcement structures 200 are attached at different heights. This enables a particularly force-fitting continuous effect of the reinforcement structures 200.

[0174] Figure 15 shows a plan view of an arrangement A according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular a shaped body 100 to which three reinforcement structures 200 extending in different directions are attached at different heights.

[0175] The preformed body 100 can be designed such that the reinforcement structures 200, whose axes do not lie on a straight line in plan view, can be force-fitted. In this way, the punching shear problems that commonly occur, particularly in areas of concentrated load introduction, such as those that occur with point supports, can be avoided.

[0176] Figure 16 shows an arrangement A according to an embodiment of the invention, in particular a hollow body 150 with a bracket 400. The hollow body 150 comprises a groove in which the bracket 400 is arranged, wherein a reinforcement structure 200 is inserted into the bracket 400.

[0177] Figure 17 shows a perspective view of two arrangements A arranged next to one another, between which a thrust sensor 500 is arranged. Figure 18 shows a perspective view of the thrust sensor 500.

[0178] In order to ensure that material M, which is located within a component 10 and in particular below the reinforcement structure 200, can be integrated into the component 10 in a force-fitting manner, shear sensors 500 can be provided.

[0179] A thrust sensor 500 can be conveniently arranged between two adjacent reinforcement structures 200 and preferably attached to two hollow bodies 150 adjacent in the transverse direction C.

[0180] The thrust sensor 500 comprises, for example, a U-shaped base section 501 and two legs 502 pointing in different directions.

[0181] The U-shaped base section 501 can be inserted between the two reinforcement structures 200 and / or between the two adjacent hollow bodies 150, wherein the legs 502 can be placed, for example, on the adjacent hollow bodies 150.

[0182] In particular, the lower crossbar of the thrust sensor 500 serves to absorb forces acting vertically downwards.

[0183] The thrust sensor 500 can be constructed, for example, from reinforcing steel bent at least four times, or from fiber-reinforced plastic or fiber-reinforced concrete. It can, for example, have at least four changes of direction.

[0184] The invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments described above. Rather, numerous variants and modifications are possible, which also utilize the inventive concept and therefore fall within the scope of protection. Furthermore, the invention also claims protection for the subject matter and features of the subclaims, independent of the features and claims referred to. List of reference symbols

[0185] 100Form body 101Foot element 150Hollow body 151Foot element 200Reinforcement structure 201First partial areas 202Second partial areas 203Joining area 204Free ends 205Low point RZap space LLongitudinal direction CTransverse direction SSpacing spaces 301Reinforcement, preferably above the reinforcement structure 302Reinforcement, preferably below the reinforcement structure 400Stirrups 401Legs 500Shear absorber 501Base section 502Legs AArrangement 10Component, preferably gradient component, in particular building ceiling, building floor or building roof MMaterial, preferably mineral material

Claims

1. Arrangement (A), preferably for integration into a component (10), preferably a gradient component (10), wherein the arrangement (A) comprises: - two shaped bodies (100), - at least one hollow body (150) which has at least one cavity (1) and which is arranged between the two shaped bodies (100), and - a reinforcement structure (200), characterized in that - the reinforcement structure (200) extends in an arcuate manner and / or defines an intermediate space (R), wherein the two shaped bodies (100) and the at least one hollow body (150) are arranged in the intermediate space (R).

2. Arrangement (A) according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) extends in a ring or loop shape around the two shaped bodies (100) and the at least one hollow body (150) and / or forms a circumferential enclosure for the two shaped bodies (100) and the at least one hollow body (100).

3. Arrangement (A) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in thatthe reinforcement structure (200) is formed by a reinforcing bar.

4. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) is designed to short-circuit tensile forces in the reinforcement structure (200).

5. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) has free ends (204).

6. Arrangement (A) according to claim 5, characterized in that the free ends (204) are brought together in a union area (203).

7. Arrangement (A) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the free ends (204) are welded together and / or overlap each other.

8. Arrangement (A) according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the free ends (204) are welded together at the end face and / or by means of a butt joint.

9. Arrangement (A) according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in thatthe free ends (204) are part of one and the same reinforcing bar.

10. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two shaped bodies (100) are arranged on the outside in the longitudinal direction (L) of the reinforcement structure (200).

11. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) is designed as a tensile trajectory reinforcement for adaptation to an arcuate tensile trajectory course and / or has a central low point (205) and preferably two high points on the two shaped bodies (100).

12. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) comprises two first opposing partial regions (201) and preferably two second opposing partial regions (202).

13. Arrangement (A) according to claim 12, characterized in thatthe two first partial regions (201) form longitudinal axes of the reinforcement structure (200), extend in an arc shape and / or are spaced apart from one another in the transverse direction (C) of the reinforcement structure (200).

14. Arrangement (A) according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the two first partial regions (201) extend in an arc shape from one shaped body (100) to the other shaped body (100).

15. Arrangement (A) according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the two first partial regions (201) extend parallel to each other and / or run in two parallel planes.

16. Arrangement (A) according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the two first partial regions (201) between the two shaped bodies (100) have an arched shape produced by their own weight.

17. Arrangement (A) according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in thatthe two second partial regions (202) are spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction (L) of the reinforcement structure (200) and / or are guided around the two shaped bodies (100) for connection to the two first partial regions (201).

18. Arrangement (A) according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the two second partial regions (202) are in engagement with the two shaped bodies (100) and / or are designed to transfer tensile forces from the two first partial regions (201) to the two shaped bodies (100).

19. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcement structure (200) is held by means of at least one bracket (400) and preferably the at least one bracket (400) comprises a U-shaped base section.

20. Arrangement (A) according to claim 19, characterized in thatat least one bracket (400) is attached to at least one of the two molded bodies (100), spans at least one of the two molded bodies (100) and / or runs in a groove (402) in at least one of the two molded bodies (100).

21. Arrangement (A) according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that at least one bracket (400) is attached to the at least one hollow body (150), spans the at least one hollow body (150) and / or runs in a groove in the at least one hollow body (150).

22. Arrangement (A) according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the first partial regions (201) are attached to at least one common bracket (400).

23. Arrangement (A) according to one of claims 12 to 22, characterized in that the two first partial regions (201) in particular rest directly on partial sections of the at least one hollow body (150) and / or the two second partial regions (202) rest directly on the two shaped bodies (100).

24. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual shaped bodies (100) have at least one cavity (1) and / or are made of mineral material.

25. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one hollow body (150) is made of mineral material.

26. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement (A) has at least two reinforcement structures (200) and preferably the two reinforcement structures (200) are arranged next to one another in their transverse direction (C) or the two reinforcement structures (200) overlap one another.

27. Arrangement (A) according to claim 26, characterized in that the two reinforcement structures (200) are attached to one and the same shaped body (100).

28. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatthe arrangement (A) comprises at least one shear sensor (500) for fastening material (M) below the reinforcement structure (200).

29. Arrangement (A) according to claim 28, characterized in that the thrust sensor (500) is preferably arranged with a U-shaped base section (501) between two reinforcement structures (200) and / or is arranged between two hollow bodies (150).

30. Arrangement (A) according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that the thrust sensor (500) rests on two hollow bodies (150) with two legs (502) pointing in different directions.

31. Arrangement (A) according to one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the thrust sensor (500) has at least 4 changes of direction along its longitudinal axis.

32. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a horizontally extending reinforcement (301) rests on top of the reinforcement structure (200).

33. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped bodies (100) and the at least one hollow body (150) or a plurality of individual hollow bodies (150) are spaced apart from one another via individual spacing spaces (S) and / or are in engagement with one another via associated foot elements (150, 151).

34. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two molded bodies (100) each have at least one foot element (101) and the at least one hollow body (150) has at least one foot element (151) and the two molded bodies (100) and the at least one hollow body (150) are in engagement with one another by means of the foot elements (101, 151).

35. Arrangement (A) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a horizontally extending lower reinforcement (302) is arranged under the reinforcement structure (200) and preferably the lower reinforcement (302) rests on one or more foot elements (101, 151).

36. Arrangement combination comprising a plurality of arrangements (A) according to one of the preceding claims.

37. Component (10), preferably gradient component (10), with at least one arrangement (A) according to one of claims 1 to 35, wherein the at least one arrangement (A) is integrated into a mineral material (M) constituting the component (10).

38. Component (10) according to claim 37, characterized in that the component (10) is a concrete component and / or is designed as a building ceiling, building roof or building floor.

39. Component (10) according to claim 37 or 38, characterized in that the spacing spaces (S) are filled by the mineral material (M) constituting the component (10). *****

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