Application unit comprising a powder feeding apparatus for feeding a pulverulent material, and coating apparatus

Abstract

The invention relates to an application unit (101; 101') comprising a powder feeding apparatus (700; 700') for feeding a pulverulent material (004; 004'), wherein the application unit (101; 101') comprises a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103; 103') that forms a roller gap (104; 104') with the first roller (102; 102'), wherein, in the region of the spandrel (108) formed above the gap (104; 104') between the lateral surfaces of the first and second rollers (102; 102'; 103, 103'), a filling and / or buffer space (126) is formed and / or provided, into which space pulverulent material (004; 004') can be fed via a dispensing apparatus (701) comprised by the powder feeding apparatus (700; 700'), wherein the dispensing apparatus (701) has a container (751) which has a base (753) and which can be made to vibrate by a vibratory drive (707), wherein an opening (752) provided in the base (753) of the container (751) is adjoined on the outlet side by a feed channel (756) via which the pulverulent material (004; 004') can be discharged from the container (751) into the underlying filling and / or buffer space (126). On the outlet side, the feed channel (756) penetrates with an outlet into the filling and / or buffer space (126) formed above the roller gap (104, 104') in the spandrel (108) between the lateral surfaces of the first roller (102; 102') and the second roller (103; 103'). The invention also relates to a coating apparatus (100; 100*) for coating a carrier substrate (006) with a dry film (003; 003').

Description

[0001] Description

[0002] Application unit with a powder feed device for feeding a powdery material and coating device

[0003] The invention relates to an applicator with a powder feed device for feeding a powdery material and coating device according to claim 1 and 16 respectively.

[0004] DE 102017208220 A1 discloses a device and method for coating a carrier substrate, wherein a dry film is formed in a gap between a first and a second roller and, in one embodiment, transferred to the carrier substrate in a gap with another roller. The rollers are operated at a differential speed to form fibrils.

[0005] US 2015 / 0224529 A1 discloses a device for coating an object to be coated with a coating material, wherein the coating material contains, among other things, 20 to 65 vol.% water. The layer is formed between a first and a second roller, wherein the first roller has improved transfer properties, e.g., a rougher surface, for better application, and the rollers can be operated at different speeds.

[0006] In WO 2020 / 150254 A1, a film is produced by calendering a powder mixture and wound onto a roll to be fed as such to a further process, in which it can be laminated to a collector. In one embodiment, the powder mixture is applied to a belt and guided into the nip between two rollers.

[0007] JP 57 72 427 B2 relates to a powder rolling device for producing an electrode material from powder. In one embodiment, powder is conveyed into the middle area of ​​a feed hopper by a central vibrating conveyor and into the edge areas by two outer vibrating conveyors. In another embodiment, the feed hopper comprises five sections.

[0008] WO 01 / 32312 A1 discloses a roller mill for grinding granular materials, in particular grain, comprising a feed device with an opening through which the grain can be discharged into a grinding mechanism formed by two rollers. The feed device comprises a vibration drive for generating a vibratory movement of the feed device.

[0009] JP 5772427 B2 relates to the production of a film by pressing a powder in the nip between two rollers. The powder is fed into the nip via a hopper formed above the nip. The hopper receives the powder from a feed opening at the downstream end of a vibrating conveyor, which in turn receives the powder from a feed hopper. The film thickness is adjusted or regulated by varying the vertical position of the feed opening and thus the height of the powder column above the nip.

[0010] CN 216749956 U discloses a feed device for a roller assembly for producing battery electrodes. A weighing device is provided at the inlet of the feed device for adjusting the raw material quantities for the powder mixture. The materials are mixed in a container, fed to a heating container, and from there, via a vibrating conveyor, to a funnel-like container provided above the roller gusset.

[0011] CN 215964437 U and CN 113102160 A relate to a device for feeding highly viscous battery slurry and a coating device. The slurry is first conveyed by a screw conveyor into a feed hopper comprising at least one vibrating output, and from there applied to the collector foil. In one embodiment of CN 215964437 U, the slurry is first applied and passed downstream between two rollers. In another embodiment of CN 215964437 U and CN 113102160 A, the collector foil is passed from above through a nip between two rollers and is thereby exposed to the slurry from the upper nip.

[0012] JP S49-32 930 A discloses a device for uniformly dispersing and coating powder, wherein the powder, assisted by a vibrator, falls from a hopper through a sieve onto a roller, from where it is guided via a roller train of rollers rotating in the same direction to a roller nip in which a web passed through is coated with the powder.

[0013] The invention is based on the object of creating an application unit with a powder feed device for feeding a powdery material and a coating device.

[0014] The object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1 and 16 respectively.

[0015] The advantages achievable with the invention are, in particular, that a coated carrier substrate with an active material layer that is as uniform and / or as free from defects as possible can be produced continuously and reliably by means of the application unit or the coating device.

[0016] By feeding the material via a vibrating container with a significantly high fill level of the material to be fed into the filling and / or supply space containing the powdery material, a feed into a film forming gap that does not vary or only slightly across the width and thus the formation of a uniform layer can be brought about. In an embodiment of an applicator with a powder feed device for feeding a powdery material that is particularly suitable for the invention, wherein the applicator comprises a first roller and a second roller that forms a gap with the first roller, in the region of the so-called gusset above the gap, ie in the area formed above the gap between the lateral surfaces of the two rollers and that has a profile in particular wedge-shaped ortriangular space, a filling and / or storage space with a width extending in the axial direction of the second roller is formed and / or provided, into which powdery material can be fed directly or indirectly via a dosing device included in the powder feed device. According to the invention, the dispensing device comprises a container which can be set into vibration by a vibration drive and has a base and, for example, a circumferential wall, wherein the powdery material can be dispensed downstream into the filling and / or storage space via at least one opening provided in the base of the container, wherein the feed channel, on the output side, dips into the filling and / or storage space formed in the gusset above the roller gap between the lateral surfaces of the first roller and the second roller. In the wedge-shaped or dosing device formed between the rollers,The space described as triangular and also referred to as a gusset is - as can be seen in the figures - a space with an essentially triangular or wedge-shaped profile, which is limited on two sides by two concave inwardly curved lines or surfaces - ie the roll shell surfaces - and at the top by an imaginary tangent or tangential plane lying on both rolls.

[0017] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a fill level sensor is provided above the base having the opening, in particular above the opening. The fill level sensor is preferably arranged such that it can monitor the fill level in the container and / or in or above the feed channel.

[0018] In a further development, several openings are provided next to one another in the direction of the roller gap and / or a channel is connected to the single or respective opening, which channel has an outlet at the downstream and / or lower end which dips into the filling and / or storage space.

[0019] A particularly preferred coating device for dry coating a carrier substrate with a dry film, in particular a powder composite film, comprises at least one application unit in an above-mentioned embodiment, by means of which powdery material can first be processed into a dry film by applying a pressing force and subsequently this dry film can be applied to a first side of the carrier substrate, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, as a powder composite film.

[0020] Preferably, the second roller or a roller which interacts directly with the second roller or indirectly via one or more further rollers and acts as a laminating roller forms a second roller gap in the nip between its outer surface and the outer surface of a roller acting as a counter-pressure roller, through which the carrier substrate (006) can be guided and can be subjected to the dry film formed via the first roller gap.

[0021] In an advantageous embodiment, the coating device comprises a second applicator in the above embodiment, into which powdery material can be introduced via a further powder feed device, processed therein to form a second dry film, and subsequently this second dry film can be applied to the other, second side of the carrier substrate. A first roller and a second roller are also provided in the second applicator in such a way that the second rollers of the two applicators together form the second roller gap, through which the carrier substrate can be guided and simultaneously acted upon on both sides with the dry film formed via the respective first gap. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

[0022] They show:

[0023] Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a product to be manufactured;

[0024] Fig. 2 a schematic diagram for the production and application of a dry film;

[0025] Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a machine for producing a multi-layer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate with an application stage according to an embodiment of a first group of embodiments;

[0026] Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the application stage of the first embodiment from Fig. 3;

[0027] Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of an embodiment of the first group of embodiments;

[0028] Fig. 6 shows a further alternative embodiment of the embodiment of a first group of embodiments;

[0029] Fig. 7 shows a further alternative embodiment of the embodiment of a first group of embodiments;

[0030] Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a second group of embodiments;

[0031] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a further embodiment of a second group of embodiments;

[0032] Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of a machine for producing a multi-layer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate with an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments;

[0033] Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of the application stage from Fig. 10 with pairwise coupling of two rollers in a first embodiment;

[0034] Fig. 12 is an enlarged view of the application stage from Fig. 10 with pairwise coupling of two rollers in a second embodiment;

[0035] Fig. 13 a view from below with removal devices;

[0036] Fig. 14 is an oblique view of a product section with a slight lateral primer overhang;

[0037] Fig. 15 shows a further embodiment of a machine for producing a multi-layer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate with an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments;

[0038] Fig. 16 shows a further embodiment of a machine for producing a multi-layer product with a dry film applied to a carrier substrate with an application stage according to an embodiment of the second group of embodiments;

[0039] Fig. 17 shows a schematically illustrated application unit with a first embodiment of a device for feeding powdery material into the roller gap;

[0040] Fig. 18 shows a schematically illustrated application unit with a sensor system provided in the fall path in a first embodiment;

[0041] Fig. 19 shows a schematically illustrated application unit with a sensor system provided in the fall path in a second embodiment;

[0042] Fig. 20 a) a schematically illustrated application unit with a further advantageous embodiment of the device for feeding powdery material into the roller gap in an oblique view and b) in a detailed view from a);

[0043] Fig. 21 is a schematic sectional view of an applicator with a further advantageous embodiment of the device for feeding powdery material into the roller gap;

[0044] Fig. 22 shows a schematic oblique view of an applicator with a further advantageous embodiment of the device for feeding powdery material into the roller gap;

[0045] Fig. 23 is a schematic oblique view of an applicator with a further advantageous embodiment of the device for feeding powdery material into the roller gap;

[0046] Fig. 24 shows a schematically illustrated application unit with a further advantageous embodiment of the device for feeding powdery material into the roller gap a) in a side view and b) from above;

[0047] Fig. 25 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device for determining the density of a material layer conveyed on a lateral surface of a roller.

[0048] The devices and machines described below are used for the production of electrode units 001 of electrochemical storage devices, as they are used in particular in batteries or accumulators, such as lithium-sulfur, sodium-ion or in particular lithium-ion batteries, as well as in solid-state batteries.

[0049] A product 001; 002 to be manufactured by a machine mentioned below can, for example, be formed by a web-shaped intermediate product 002 that is still to be cut, e.g. a product strand 002 formed as an electrode strand 002, or by arc-shaped end products 001 that have already been cut in the machine, e.g. product sections 001 formed as electrode units 001, in short electrodes 001.

[0050] For the production of such products 001; 002 with a material layer 003; 003', in particular active material layer 003; 003', applied on one or both sides of a carrier substrate 006, preferably a carrier substrate web 006, e.g. a current collector substrate 006 formed by, for example, a current collector foil 006, a device 100; 100* for coating, in short coating device 100; 100*, in particular for dry coating, of a carrier substrate 006, in particular in web form, e.g. the above-mentionedA material layer 003; 003', preferably a dry film 003; 003', in particular a powder composite film 003, is provided, which comprises at least one first application unit 101, by means of which powdery, preferably dry, material 004; 004', in particular a preferably solvent-free and / or dry powder mixture 004; 004', can initially be processed, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, into a dry film 003, and subsequently this dry film 003; 003' can be applied to a first side of the carrier substrate 006, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force. A dry film 003; 003' to be applied should, for example, have a thickness of 20 μm to 240 μm, preferably of 40 μm to 100 μm, after application and pressing.

[0051] An above-mentioned powder mixture 004; 004', in particular in the form of a dry powder, comprises - in particular for the production of electrode units 001 for lithium-ion batteries or accumulators - for example, more than ninety percent by weight of an active material such as one or more of the lithium compounds lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, nickel-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese nickel oxide and / or lithium titanate, a few, for example three percent by weight of a conductive additive, for example graphite or so-called CNTs, i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and a few, for example two percent by weight of a plastic which acts as a binder in the subsequent powder composite, for example polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0052] The carrier substrate 006, for example, simultaneously represents the current-conducting layer of the electrode unit 001 and is formed, for example, by an electrically conductive material in the form of a foil, fleece, or fabric, e.g., a metal. It is formed, for example—in particular for the production of electrode units 001 for lithium-ion batteries or accumulators—from aluminum or copper and / or has, for example, a thickness d006 of 5 to 16 pm. In the case of the production of an anode, it is made, in particular, from copper with, for example, a thickness d006 of, for example, in the range of 5 to 13 pm, and in the case of the production of a cathode, it is made, in particular, from aluminum with, for example, a thickness d006 in the range of 7 to 16 pm.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the carrier substrate 006 has, at least in the surface area to be coated with the dry film 003; 003', a surface coating with a bond-supporting or bond-inducing agent 007; 007', e.g., a binder 007; 007', a primer 007; 007', or an adhesive 007; 007'. Such an agent 007; 007' can be formed by a thermoplastic or reactive binder or primer and, for example, comprise a thermoplastic component and / or have a thickness d007 of only a few pm, e.g., at most 5 pm, in particular at most 3 pm.

[0054] A thickness d003; d003' of the active material layer 003; 003' of the product 001; 002, ie of the electrode unit 001 or of the electrode strand 002, is, for example, at most 240 pm, in particular at most 150 pm, preferably at most 100 pm and / or is, for example, at least 20 pm, in particular at least 30 pm, preferably at least 40 pm.

[0055] The total thickness of the product 001; 002 coated on both sides amounts to, for example, up to 500 pm, in particular up to 320 pm, preferably up to 220 pm and / or at least 50 pm, in particular at least 70 pm, preferably at least 90 pm.

[0056] To ensure an effective manufacturing process, preferably, web-shaped carrier material 006 is processed into the aforementioned end or intermediate product, which, for example, has a width of at least 500 mm, in particular at least 600 mm, and in a particularly advantageous embodiment, even at least 1,200 mm. In this case, the carrier material 006 is not coated with the dry film 003; 003' across its entire width, for example, but only up to a free edge region in which the surface of the metallically conductive carrier material 006 remains free and accessible, e.g., for connecting cables.

[0057] For the above-mentioned production of a dry film 003, a first roller 102, in particular a metering roller 102, and a second roller 103, in particular a laminating roller 103 of the first application unit 101 are provided in such a way that they form a first gap 104, in particular a first film-forming gap 104, between their outer surfaces in the nip, through which the powder mixture 004, which is fed into the nip, for example by a device for feeding powdery material 700, in short powder feed device 700, can be fed to form the dry film 003 (see, for example, Fig. 2). The clear width of the first gap 104 at its narrowest point determines the - possibly compared to the thickness in the later product 001; 002 even greater - thickness of the dry film 003 even before its passage through an application point at which it is applied - in particular under pressure - to the carrier substrate 006.

[0058] The application point is preferably formed here directly by a nip of the second roller 103, which in this case acts as a laminating roller 103, with a roller 106; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106; 103', or by a roller which interacts directly with the second roller or indirectly via one or more further rollers and acts as a laminating roller, with a roller 106; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106; 103' (not shown here). The second or further roller acting as a laminating roller 003 and the roller 106; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller 106; 103 form a second gap 107, in particular an application gap 107, hereinafter referred to as e.g. B. also referred to as laminating gap 107, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular on the side facing away from the counter-pressure roller 106; 103, with the film formed via the first film forming gap 104, e.g. at least 40 pm thick, e.g.between 50 pm to 200 pm, in particular 60 to 120 pm thick dry film 003 can be applied.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the application stage 100; 100* comprises a second application unit 10T (see, for example, Fig. 3 to Fig. 13), by means of which a powder mixture 004', in particular a solvent-free and / or dry powder mixture, conveyed into the nip, for example, by a second device for supplying powdery material 700', in short powder supply device 700', can also be initially processed, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, into a second dry film 003'; 003, and subsequently this second dry film 003'; 003 can be applied to the other, second side of the carrier substrate 006, in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force. In principle, this powder mixture 004' can be the same as or different from the first powder mixture 004'.

[0060] Also in the second application unit 10T, a first roller 102', in particular metering roller 102', and a second roller 103', in particular laminating roller 103', are preferably provided in such a way that they form a first gap 104', in particular second film-forming gap 104', between their outer surfaces, through which the powder mixture 004' can be conveyed to form the second dry film 003'.

[0061] Here too, the second roller 003' of the second application unit 10T, directly or a roller (not shown here) which cooperates directly with the second roller 103' or indirectly via one or more further rollers and acts as a laminating roller, can form a gap 107'; gap 107 between its outer surfaces in the nip with a roller 106'; 103 acting as a counter-pressure roller, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular on the second side facing away from the second counter-pressure roller 106'; 103, can be subjected to the second dry film 003' formed via the second film-forming gap 104'; 104.

[0062] In a first group of exemplary embodiments for the coating device 100 (see, for example, Fig. 3 to Fig. 7), a second gap 107' is formed by a second application gap 107', e.g., a laminating gap 107', different from the first application or laminating gap 107', with a second roller 106', in particular a second counterpressure roller 106' acting as a counterpressure roller 106 and different from the first counterpressure roller 106, through which the carrier substrate 006 can be guided and, in particular on the second side facing away from the second counterpressure roller 106', can be subjected to the second dry film 003' formed via the second film-forming gap 104'. In this embodiment, two independent applicators 101; 10T are provided for the two sides of the carrier substrate 106. It is therefore possible to set different conditions for the respective job independently of each other in the respective laminating gap 107; 107'. For example,a different pressing or line force and / or temperature can be set.

[0063] For such an embodiment - e.g. with regard to a large wrap - in the respective applicator 101; 10T, the metering roller 102; 102, the laminating roller 103; 103' and the counter-pressure roller 106; 106' forming the laminating gap 107; 107' with the latter can be arranged relative to one another in a first embodiment such that the planes connecting the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the respectively adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' intersect at an angle α which is, for example, between 40° and 130°, in particular between 70° and 110°, preferably between 80° and 100°. A large wrap can result in better heat transfer from a possibly temperature-controlled counter-pressure roller 106; 106' and / or improved - e.g. flutter-free - running up and down (see e.g. Fig. 3 to Fig. 5).

[0064] For example, the respective counterpressure roller 106; 106' can be arranged below the laminating roller 103; 103' in such a way that the plane connecting the rotation axes R103; R106; R103' of the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' deviates from the vertical by a maximum of ± 30°, in particular a maximum of ± 15°. In this case, the pressing force in the laminating gap and gravity act predominantly in the same direction.

[0065] In a second embodiment variant, which is advantageous, for example, with regard to the effective forces and load directions, the metering roller 102; 102, the laminating roller 103; 103' and the counter-pressure roller 106; 106' forming the laminating gap 107; 107' with the latter are arranged in relation to one another in the respective application unit 101; 10T, for example, in such a way that the planes connecting the axes of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the pairs of adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' intersect at most at an acute angle a, which is at most 20°, in particular at 0°, so that the axes of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the three rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' of the same application unit 101; 101' lie in the same plane. This makes the arrangement very rigid, since the forces and counterforces are at least predominantly opposite to each other.

[0066] The two application units 101; 10T with their laminating rollers 103; 103' are located on different sides of the substrate path and can be arranged one above the other in such a way that the two laminating gaps 107; 107' are located directly above one another vertically in one embodiment (see, for example, Fig. 6) or, in another embodiment, are offset horizontally from one another, in particular by at least half and at most one and a half laminating roller diameters (see, for example, Fig. 7). In Fig. 7, for example, a substrate guide that can be transferred to other designs is indicated by a dashed line, which allows a larger wrap angle and thus better heat transfer and / or more stable running. For this purpose,the substrate path is deflected by an additional substrate guide element 121 such that the transport direction Ts runs at an inclination of at least 45° to the transport direction Ts of the outgoing substrate 006 when it runs onto the following roller 106; 106'.

[0067] In addition to the metering roller 102; 102', the second roller 103; 103' or a roller that interacts directly with the second roller or indirectly via one or more further rollers and acts as a laminating roller, an advantageous further development can provide a further roller 118; 118' (see, for example, as an example for all embodiments of the first group in Fig. 5), which can be set in an operational, i.e. during production, circumferential section between the metering gap 104; 104' and the laminating gap 107; 107' of the laminating roller 103; 103' in the manner of a calender roller 118; 118' on a dry film 003; 003' that is fed or guided on the laminating roller 103; 103'. For the above-mentioned designs, variants and forms, in a first configuration for the roller bearing, the laminating roller 103; 103' of the respective application unit 101; 10T with its rotation axis R103; R103' can be stationary during operation, although possiblyadjustable in their position, and the metering roller 102; 102' and the counter-pressure roller 106; 106' are mounted via respective actuators 109; 109'; 111; 11T so as to be adjustable in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the associated laminating roller 103; 103'. Here and in the following, the term actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' is to be understood as the entirety of the means which bring about and / or enable the direct or indirect positioning of a roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106', which are also referred to below as adjusting means 109; 109'; 111; 11T and which comprise at least one roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' along an adjusting movement leading adjusting mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and one or more drive means effecting the adjusting.

[0068] In a first embodiment, a position-based actuator 109; 109' or actuating means 109; 109' for position-based actuation is provided for the actuation of the respective dosing roller 102; 102' to the second roller 103; 103', i.e. an actuator 109; 109' or actuating means 109; 109', via which or which a defined position for the component to be actuated can be approached. Such a position-based actuator 109; 109' can, for example, be implemented in that a drive means, e.g. a drive motor, can itself assume a defined and predeterminable position, as is possible for example for a position-controllable servo drive or motor, or in that an actuating path is limited at least on the relevant side by a stop which can be adjusted via the drive means, which defines the end position and against which the component to be actuated with regard to the position is pushed by means of a stop, e.g. B.is or can be adjusted by a force-based or non-position-accurate drive means. The roller 102; 102' is mounted, for example, in or on an adjusting mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', which is formed by a bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' that implements the adjustment path, for example, with precise positioning. Such a mechanism is advantageously provided, for example, by a bearing 113; 113' comprising an eccentric, e.g., a three-ring bearing 113; 113'. With regard, for example, to a position parallel to the adjustment direction and therefore more direct with regard to the adjustment path, a linear bearing 112; 112' running in the adjustment direction can also be advantageous instead.

[0069] In this first, advantageous embodiment, a force-based actuator 111; 111 or actuating means 111; 111' for force-based actuation is provided for the actuation of the respective counter-pressure roller 106; 106', i.e. an actuator 111; 111' or actuating means 111, via which actuation with a defined force on the abutment can be achieved. Such a force-based actuator 111; 111T - in particular at least on one side - can be realized, for example, in that a drive means, e.g. a drive motor, can itself apply a defined and predeterminable force, as is possible, for example, for a torque-regulatable or controllable, in particular torque-regulatable or controllable servo drive or motor, or in that an actuating force is applied to the relevant side by a drive means actuated by means of a pressure medium, e.g.by a pneumatically or hydraulically actuated cylinder-piston system, can be adjusted against the other roller 103; 103', wherein the pressure of the drive means is preferably adjustable. The counter-pressure roller 106; 106' is mounted, for example, in or on an adjusting mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', which is formed by a bearing mechanism 112; 112' that implements the adjusting force in a force-based manner, i.e., without additional mechanical limitation of the adjustment path. As such, it can advantageously be formed, for example - at least on one side, but preferably on both sides - by a bearing mechanism 112; 112' designed as a linear bearing 112; 112'.

[0070] In a second embodiment, however, the metering roller 102; 102' can be adjusted force-based and the counterpressure roller 106; 106' can be adjusted position-based. For this purpose, the above-mentioned provisions must be transferred and applied accordingly. In a third embodiment, however, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted force-based, and in a fourth embodiment, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 can be adjusted position-based. For this purpose, the above-mentioned provisions must be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0071] In a particularly advantageous fifth embodiment, a combined adjusting mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' and / or a combined actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' or combined adjusting means 109; 109'; 111; 111' is provided for adjusting at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least the counter-pressure roller 106; 106', which allows optionally a position-based adjustment of the respective roller 102; 102'; 106; 106' or a force-based adjustment. Such a combined actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' can, for example, be implemented by an actuator 109, 111; 109', 111 ' or actuating means 109, 111 ; 109', 111 ' may be formed with a drive means whose force can be controlled, e.g. a cylinder-piston system that can be pressurized with pressure fluid, and with an actuating mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', in whose actuating path one or more stop means that can be positioned via actuating means can be optionally introduced to limit the position.Alternatively or additionally, an actuator 109, 111; 109', 111' may be advantageous, which comprises as drive means a motor, in particular a servo motor, which can be operated in a position-controlled or torque-controlled manner.

[0072] In a second configuration for the roller bearing, the counter-pressure roller 106; 106' of the respective application unit 101; 10T with its rotation axis R106; R106' can be operationally stationary, although adjustable if necessary, and the laminating rollers 103; 103' with each associated metering roller 102; 102' can be mounted in pairs via respective common bearing mechanisms 112; 112' and / or actuators 111; 111' in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the associated counter-pressure roller 106; 106', and in addition to this, the respective metering rollers 102; 102' can be mounted via bearing mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or actuators 109; 109'; 111; 11 T can be mounted in a direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively associated laminating roller 103; 103'.

[0073] In a first, advantageous embodiment, a position-based actuator 109; 109' in the above sense can be provided for positioning the respective metering roller 102; 102', e.g., a bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' formed on one or both sides by a three-ring bearing 113; 113' or by a linear bearing 112; 112'. A force-based actuator 111; 111' can be provided in the above sense for positioning the laminating rollers 103; 103', each with its associated metering roller 102; 102'.

[0074] In a second embodiment, however, the metering roller 102; 102' can be adjusted force-based and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 can be adjusted position-based. For this purpose, the above-mentioned provisions must be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0075] In a third embodiment, however, the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102' can be force-based, and in a fourth embodiment, the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 can be position-based. For this purpose, the above-mentioned provisions must be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0076] In a particularly advantageous fifth embodiment, for the adjustment of at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least for the adjustment of the roller pair 103, 102;

[0077] 103', 102' in the above sense and / or in the above embodiment, a combined adjusting mechanism 112; 113; 112, 113 is provided, which allows optionally a position-based or force-based adjustment of the pair towards the counter-pressure roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103.

[0078] In a second group of exemplary embodiments for the coating device 100* (see, for example, shown in Fig. 8 to Fig. 12, Fig. 15, Fig. 16, Fig. 21 and Fig. 22), the second roller 003' of the second application unit 10T or a roller of the second application unit 101' which interacts directly with the second roller 103' or indirectly via one or more further rollers, forms a common gap 107 acting as a two-sided laminating gap 107 with the second or further roller 103 of the first application unit 101 acting as a laminating roller 103 in a nip between their lateral surfaces, wherein the two laminating rollers 103; 103' forming the gap 107 between them act mutually as counter-pressure rollers 103'; 103. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided between the latter and, in particular on both sides, can be exposed to the dry films 003', 003' formed via the first and second film-forming gaps 104; 104'.Such an arrangement of two application units 101; 10T cooperating for simultaneous application on both sides is also referred to below as a double application unit 101, 10T.

[0079] In this case, the planes formed by the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the metering roller 102; 102' and the laminating roller 103; 103' in the respective application unit 101; 10T intersect, for example, at most at an acute angle a, which is, for example, a maximum of 20°, advantageously a maximum of 5°, in particular 0°, so that in the latter case the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of the rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' of the two application units 101; 10T interacting in a two-sided laminating gap 107 lie in the same plane or run parallel but vertically offset from one another.

[0080] In a first embodiment, the two levels run in a common horizontal plane or horizontally but vertically offset from each other (see e.g. Fig. 8).

[0081] In a second embodiment, advantageous, for example, with regard to a small wrap, the two planes extend in a common plane inclined relative to the horizontal or in two planes inclined relative to the horizontal but vertically offset from each other. The common plane or the two offset planes are inclined relative to the horizontal at an acute angle ß of 2° to 15°, in particular 3° to 10° (see, for example, Fig. 9).

[0082] In addition to the respective metering roller 102; 102' and the second roller 103; 103', in an advantageous further development, a further roller 118; 118' in the above-mentioned type of a calender roller 118; 118' can also be provided here (see, for example, the dashed lines in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 as examples for all embodiments of the second group).

[0083] For the above-mentioned embodiments and forms, in a first configuration for the roller bearing, a first of the two laminating rollers 103 or a further roller of a first of the two application units 101 acting as a laminating roller can be mounted with its rotation axis R103 in a stationary manner, although possiblyadjustable, while the second of the laminating rollers 103' or a further roller acting as a second laminating roller with the associated metering roller 102; 102' via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or a common actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' in pairs in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the associated counter-pressure roller 106; 106', and in addition to this, the respective metering rollers 102; 102' via bearing mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or actuators 109; 109'; 111; 111' in one direction with at least one movement component towards the respectively associated laminating roller 103; 103' or another roller are mounted so that they can be adjusted towards and / or away from it. In the case of one or more additional rollers between the metering roller 102; 102' and the roller acting as a laminating roller, for example,These can also be adjusted jointly in one direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the associated counter-pressure roller 106; 106' via the common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or the common actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111'.

[0084] In a first advantageous embodiment, a position-based actuator 109; 109' in the above sense and / or in an aforementioned embodiment is provided for adjusting the respective metering roller 102; 102'. For adjusting the second laminating roller 103' with the associated metering roller 102' in pairs, a force-based actuator 111; 111' in the above sense can be provided for force-based adjustment in the above sense and / or in an aforementioned embodiment.

[0085] In a second embodiment, however, the metering roller 102; 102' can be adjusted force-based and the roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 can be adjusted position-based. The above-mentioned provisions also apply to this purpose.

[0086] In a third embodiment, however, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 can be force-based, and in a fourth embodiment, both rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106 can be position-based. For this purpose, the above-mentioned provisions must be transferred and applied accordingly.

[0087] In a particularly advantageous fifth embodiment, for the adjustment of at least the metering roller 102; 102' and / or at least for the adjustment of the roller pair 103, 102;

[0088] 103', 102 in the above sense and / or in the above embodiment, a combined adjusting mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113 is provided, which optionally allows a position-based adjustment of the pair against the laminating roller 103'; 103 acting as counter-pressure roller 103'; 103 via a position-based actuator 109; 109' and a force-based adjustment via a force-based actuator 111; 11T.

[0089] For all versions of the two groups of embodiments with jointly adjustable rollers 103'; 102'; 103; 102, these can be mounted on both sides in supports 122'; 122, in particular in side parts of a base frame, which in turn are mounted in a frame accommodating the application units 101; 10T via bearing mechanisms 112'; 112 formed by linear bearings 112'; 112.

[0090] Alternatively, the two jointly adjustable rollers 102; 103; 102; 102' can be mounted on both sides in supports, in particular in side parts of a base frame, which in turn are pivotally mounted about a pivot axis parallel to the rotation axis of the first, stationary laminating roller 103; 103' (see, for example, Fig. 12).

[0091] As already mentioned, in a respective application unit 101; 10T, at least one further roller acting as a laminating roller and forming the laminating gap 107; 107' with the counter-pressure roller 106; 103' can be provided between the second roller 103; 103' and the nip point to the counter-pressure roller 106; 103'.

[0092] For all versions of the two groups of embodiments, in a particularly advantageous development, a material removal device 127; 127' is provided in the respective application unit 101; 10T, for example, with a removal device 114; 114', in particular a cleaning blade 114; 114', that can be selectively moved to and from the outer surface of the first roller 102; 102' for cleaning purposes. This device extends, for example, at least over the width of the roller outer surface effective for film formation.

[0093] Instead of this, or advantageously in addition to this, the material removal 127; 127' in the respective application unit 101; 10T comprises, viewed axially parallel to the second roller 103; 103', two removal devices 116; 116', in particular side edge doctor blades 116; 116', which can be adjusted axially parallel and are positioned or adjustable against the second roller 103; 103' and are spaced apart from one another. These removal devices can be adjusted axially parallel and are positioned or adjustable against the second roller 103; 103', by means of which a dry film 003; 003' conveyed over the second roller 103; 103' can be removed in the region of its side edges and, for example, deposited into a collecting device 117; 117'. This removal serves, for example, as so-called edge trimming to obtain a straight edge and / or a desired width b003; b003' of the dry film 003; 003'. The collected amount can, for example, B. be returned to the powder mixture supply 004; 004'. Such a removal device 116; 116' can also be used to remove an edge strip 008; 008', which e.g.in determining a density p of the material layer 003; 003', as explained below in connection with, for example, Fig. 25.

[0094] For cleaning purposes, a removal device 129; 129', in particular a cleaning blade 129; 129', which can be moved on and off the outer surface of the second roller 103; 103', can advantageously also be provided, which extends, for example, at least over the width of the roller outer surface effective for film formation, and optionally a suction or collecting device (not shown).

[0095] For the supply or introduction of the powder mixture 004; 004' into the first gap 004; 004, in a particularly advantageous development in the applicator 101; 101' above the first gap 104; 104', for example, two limits 124, in particular side plates 124, are provided which are axially parallel to the first roller 102; 102' and spaced from one another and can preferably be adjusted in the axially parallel direction, which limits 124 each define a region of the upper gusset 108 formed between the lateral surfaces of the first and the second roller 102; 103; 102'; 103', that is to say in the wedge-like or triangular or shaped space 108 lying above the gap 104; 104' between the lateral surfaces, to both end sides of the applicator 101; 101 ' and thereby form an intermediate filling and / or storage space 126, preferably variable in width, for receiving the powder mixture 004; 004'.Depending on the desired width and / or position of the dry film 003; 003', the filling and / or supply chamber 126 can thereby be varied or variable on at least one, preferably on both sides in the position of its lateral boundary 124. The above-mentioned gusset 108 or wedge- or triangular-like or -shaped space 108 between the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' has concave side surfaces towards the outer surfaces and ends with the tangent surface connecting the two roller outer surfaces. As an alternative to a filling and / or supply chamber 126 which is directly delimited in the lower region by the outer surfaces, it could - at least where not contradictory to other design features of the application unit 101; 10T or the powder feed 700; 700' - in principle, a filling and / or storage space 126 in the form of a filling or storage funnel, e.g. comparable to an insertion aid mentioned below, can also be provided directly in or above the gusset 108.

[0096] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments, or refinements, the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' of the first roller 102; 102 is preferably designed such that a gap width for the first gap 104; 104' can be adjusted during operation to a variable clear width at the narrowest point of at least 15 pm, advantageously of at least 30 pm, in particular of at least 50 pm, and / or that the gap width of the first gap 104; 104' can be adjusted at least via the above-mentioned position-based drive means and / or via at least one-sided stop means which limit an adjustment position in the direction of the nip point and whose position is adjustable. Alternatively or additionally to this, the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' are advantageously designed to exert a line force of e.g.B. at least 5.0 kN / cm, advantageously at least 7 kN / cm, preferably a line force between 5 kN / cm and 30 kN / cm, to be set and / or applied between the rollers 102; 102'; 102; 103' forming the first gap 104; 104'.

[0097] As mentioned above, a combined adjusting mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113 can be provided for adjusting the metering roller 102; 102' to the second roller 103; 103', which optionally allows a position-based adjustment via a position-based actuator 109; 109' and a force-based adjustment via a force-based actuator 111; 111'.

[0098] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or configurations and, for example, independently of the above-mentioned implementation of the coating device 100; 100* with individual discharge units 101; 10T with respective counter-pressure rollers 106; 106' or with combined discharge units 101; 10T with mutually effective counter-pressure rollers 103'; 103, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' is adjustable on the basis of a position-based actuator 109; 109' in the above sense, i.e., for example, adjustable to a constant and / or defined gap width, and / or the lamination gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the counter-pressure roller 106; 106; 103'; 103 can be adjusted on the basis of a force-based actuator 111; 111' in the above sense, i.e., for example, adjustable to a constant and / or defined actuating or linear force. Without limitation of the aboveIn specific embodiments, any of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' can in principle be adjustable by the corresponding actuator 109; 109'; 111; 11T and / or mounted on corresponding adjusting mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the above sense. This also applies to embodiments wherein one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' together with another roller 102; 102' not involved in this gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' are mounted together in such a way that they can be adjusted.

[0099] Likewise, for example, independently of the above-mentioned implementation of the coating device 100; 100* with individual discharge units 101; 101' with respective counter-pressure rollers 106; 106 or with combined discharge units 101; 101' with mutually effective counter-pressure rollers 103'; 103, in an embodiment which is particularly advantageous with regard to optimal adjustability, the metering gap 104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' of the same application unit 101; 101' and / or the laminating gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the cooperating counter-pressure roller 106; 106; 103'; 103 - for example, not only position-based or force-based, but - on the basis of a combined actuator 109; 109'; 111 ; 11 T optionally designed to be adjustable in a position-based or force-based manner and / or one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the relevant gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' in a combined adjusting mechanism 112; 113; 112;113 is mounted in a position-based or force-based adjustable manner, and / or the respective gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is adjustable to a constant and / or defined gap width or to a constant and / or defined contact or line force. Here too, without limiting the specific embodiments mentioned above, any of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the respective gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' can, in principle, be adjustable in this way by the corresponding combined actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or can be mounted accordingly on corresponding combined adjustment mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the above sense. This also applies to designs in which one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involved in the respective gap 104; 104'; 107; 107' is mounted in such a way that it can be adjusted together with another roller 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' not involved in this gap 104; 104'; 107; 107'.

[0100] The first roller 102; 102' can be mounted via a bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or a position-based or force-based or optionally position- or force-based actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example, in a direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively associated second roller 103; 103'. Additionally or instead, the counter-pressure roller 106; 106'; 103'; 103 can be mounted via a bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or a position-based or force-based or optionally position- or force-based actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111 ' can be mounted so as to be adjustable in a direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the second or an intermediate further roller 103; 103'.

[0101] Alternatively, the first roller 103; 103' with the associated second roller 102; 102' can be mounted in pairs so as to be movable towards and / or away from the associated counter-pressure roller 106; 106' via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or a common, for example, position-based or force-based or optionally position- or force-based actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111', and in addition to this, the respective first roller 102; 102' can be mounted via a bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or a, for example, position-based or force-based or optionally position- or force-based actuator 109; 109'; 111;

[0102] 111 ' is mounted in a direction with at least one movement component towards and / or away from the respectively associated second roller 103; 103'.

[0103] For all the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or configurations, the first roller 102; 102' and the second roller 103, 103' forming the first gap 104; 104' with it are operable to be driven or driven mechanically independently of each other in opposite directions and at different circumferential speeds and / or by different drive motors, in particular at least speed-adjustable or controllable servo motors.

[0104] The first roller 102; 102' is operated at a lower speed, wherein the first roller 102; 102', in particular metering roller 102; 102', and the associated second roller 103; 103', in particular laminating roller 103; 103', are operable or operated, for example, in a ratio V102(102') : V103(103') of their peripheral speed of the first to the second roller 102, 102'; 103; 103', which lies in a range between 1:5 and 3:5, in particular 1:4.

[0105] The rollers 103; 106; 103; 103' forming the second gap 107; 107' together are preferably driven or can be driven mechanically independently of one another at the same peripheral speed by a common drive motor, in particular a servo motor, or preferably by different drive motors, in particular servo motors.

[0106] In an advantageous embodiment, the mechanically independent drive motors can be operated by a drive controller via an electronic, in particular virtual, master axis. A particularly advantageous development is one in which the first roller 102; 102' has, in the region of its outer surface contributing to film formation, a surface that is more material-repellent with respect to the powder mixture and / or has a less adhesively effective outer surface than the second roller 103; 103' in the region of its outer surface contributing to film formation.

[0107] At least the second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' can have a polished and / or chrome-coated or ceramic-coated surface, at least in the region of its outer surface that contributes to film formation. The first roller 102; 102' can have a structured or material-repellent surface, at least in the region of its outer surface that contributes to film formation.

[0108] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or refinements, the first and / or the second roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' is heatable, in particular such that its outer surface can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C, at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0109] Instead of this, or preferably in addition to this, the roller 106; 106' of the first group of embodiments, which only acts as a counter-pressure roller 106; 106'; 103; 103, can also be heated, in particular such that its outer surface can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C, at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0110] The temperature control or heating can in principle be carried out electrically, but in an advantageous embodiment, it is realized here by passing a temperature control or heating fluid through the roller 102; 102'; 103, 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature controlled. The temperature control fluid, e.g., appropriately tempered water, is fed into and removed from the respective roller 102; 102'; 103, 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature controlled via a temperature control fluid line and, e.g., a rotary union.

[0111] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments, or configurations, the two applicators 101; 10T, together with one or more substrate guide elements 121, possibly arranged directly before, after, or between them, are mounted in a common frame, e.g., two end-face side walls of the same frame. This provides a compact and / or inherently rigid and / or mutually defined arrangement of the applicators 101; 10T in a laminating unit 100; 100* configured as an aggregate 100; 100*, e.g., a laminating aggregate 100; 100*.

[0112] In the event that a calendering unit 600; 600*, for example as described below, is provided immediately downstream in the substrate path, rollers 601; 60T; 602; 602* encompassed by the calendering unit 600; 600* can, in an advantageous development, also be mounted in this frame 603 or, in an advantageous variant, e.g. as a separate unit 600; 600*, e.g. calendering unit 600; 600*, in side walls of a separate frame 603 arranged directly on and / or above the frame 128 carrying the application units 101; 10T.

[0113] In an advantageous embodiment of the machine, shown, for example, in Fig. 15, which may be somewhat longer but in which, for example, the risk of vibration transmission between the units 100; 100*; 600; 600*, in particular at least the laminating unit 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600; 600*, is reduced, the laminating unit 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600 are provided horizontally next to one another, preferably even in separate frames 128; 603, which are separated from one another, for example, in terms of vibration technology.

[0114] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or refinements, the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the actuator 109; 109'; 111; 111' of the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second gap 107; 107' are preferably designed to have a gap width of at least 15 pm, advantageously of at least 30 pm, in particular of at least 50 pm, at the narrowest point during operation and / or, in particular at least within the limits defining the maximum adjustment path, a gap extending between the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' via a product strand 002; 002' to be formed and / or by at least one adjusting mechanism 112; 112' and / or at least one actuator 109; 109' caused contact pressure or line force, and / or in the second gap 107; 107' at least in the area of ​​its width contributing to film formation, a line force of e.g.at least 5.0 kN / cm, advantageously at least 7 kN / cm, preferably a line force between 5 kN / cm and 30 kN / cm, between the rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' forming the second gap 107; 107' and / or to enable a desired line force to be kept constant even with fluctuating dry film thickness by automatic or controlled tracking of at least one of the two rollers 103; 106; 103; 103'.

[0115] For all of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments or configurations, in a particularly advantageous further development, an extraction system 123; 123' is provided above the respective application unit 101; 10T or the application units 101; 10T, through which any escaping gases or vapors that may arise can be extracted.

[0116] The rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' of the above-mentioned applicators 101; 10T are preferably designed with a width in the range of 400 mm to 800 mm, in particular 500 mm to 700 mm, which can be used for film formation and / or application.

[0117] Although in principle any device of any design can be provided for feeding powdery material 700; 700', through which powder mixture 004 can be fed to the application unit 101; 101' into the first gap 104; 104' formed between the first and the second roller, a feed 700; 700' is particularly preferably provided through which a defined and / or controllable stream of powder mixture 004 can be fed evenly over the entire discharge width to the gap 104; 104' directly or indirectly via an introduction aid 711 provided above the roller gap 104; 104', e.g. in the form of a hopper trough 711.For this purpose, particularly advantageous embodiments for the device for supplying powdered material 700; 700' are provided below in various respects, which can be provided individually or advantageously in conjunction with any embodiment or configuration of the described applicators 101; 10T and / or coating devices 100; 100* and / or machine configurations. The devices for supplying powdered material 700; 700' shown in the figures for the embodiments of the applicators 101; 10T and / or coating devices 100; 100* and / or machine configurations can be understood merely schematically and can be formed by one of the following embodiments.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment, the device for supplying the powdered material 700; 700' can have at least one dispensing device 701 that controls and / or defines the dispensed quantity, which dispensing device is designed, for example, in the manner of a metering device 701 or at least comprises a metering device 704; 721. A dispensing device 701 designed as a metering device 701 or comprising a metering device 704; 721 can, in principle, be designed in a variety of ways such that a controlled stream of material 004; 004' can be dispensed in the manner described above. In a preferred embodiment, the stream of powdered material 004; 004' can be dispensed by means of the dispensing device 701 to a downstream conveying device 702, e.g., a linear conveyor 702 preferably designed as a conveyor belt 702. Through this conveyor device 702, the powdery material 004; 004' - e.g.on a conveying width extending transversely to the conveying direction TP - in the manner of a powder bed or layer downstream and can be fed on the output side preferably directly or optionally indirectly, e.g. via one or more further conveying devices, directly to the nip 104; 104' or the optionally provided insertion aid 711 on a feed width extending transversely to the conveying direction TP. The conveying device 702, in particular a roller 705 around which the conveyor belt 702 wraps, e.g. deflection roller 705, in particular drive roller 705, is preferably variable with respect to the conveying speed and can be driven, for example, by a drive means 712 variable with respect to the speed, e.g. a drive motor 712, in particular a servo motor 712. To facilitate transport, the surface of a conveyor device 702 designed as a conveyor belt 702 can preferably be rough and / or can have an incline sloping in the conveying direction TP.The feed width here corresponds exactly or at least approximately, i.e. with, for example, a maximum deviation of ± 10%, to a feed width of a filling and / or feed chamber 126 which is limited in width on both sides and receives the material 004; 004' directly in the roller gap 104; 104' or in an insertion aid provided above it if necessary.

[0119] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, e.g. with regard to a defined and / or uniform introduction into the conveying section of the powder feed device 700; 700', the powder feed device 700; 700' comprises a dispensing device 701, 70T designed in the manner of a dosing device 701; 70T, which dispensing device comprises a linear conveyor 704 as a dosing device 704, in particular relating to the conveying speed, which is preferably designed as a vibration conveyor 704 - in particular one that is or can be operated electromagnetically - and by means of which powdery material 004, 004' can be dispensed in metered quantities to a downstream conveying device 702, e.g. a linear conveyor 702, in particular a downstream conveyor belt 702. The dispensing to orIn this case, feeding onto the conveyor belt 702 does not take place merely at specific points in a narrowly defined location, but rather in sections or continuously over a delivery width which - at least in the operating position - e.g. preferably corresponds exactly or at least approximately, i.e. with e.g. a maximum deviation of ± 10%, to the feed width ultimately relevant for feeding into the nip 104; 104'. Preferably - e.g. for adaptation to different product formats or for correction purposes - the delivery width for the delivery of the material 004; 004' by the dosing device 701 or feeding onto the conveyor belt 704 viewed transversely to the conveying direction TP is adjustable in width and / or lateral position, e.g. manually or advantageously remotely operated by drive means. In addition, e.g.Lateral limits 717, e.g., side guides 717, are provided on the vibration table 706—for example, manually or, in a further automatable version, remotely operated by drive means, displaceable transversely to the conveying direction TP. This eliminates the need for a significant change in the flow width on the downstream conveyor device 702, which could otherwise potentially have a disruptive influence on the height profile running across the width.

[0120] In an advantageous further development, a conveying width on the conveyor belt is also adjustable in width and / or lateral position - e.g., for the reasons stated above. For this purpose, lateral limits 716, e.g., side guides 716, are provided, which can be displaced transversely to the conveying direction TP, for example, manually or, in a further automatable form, remotely operated by drive means, and which can be varied in their lateral position via a corresponding mechanism, e.g., a respective threaded spindle or threaded spindle sections. The discharge width corresponds - at least in the operating position - preferably exactly or at least approximately, i.e., with, for example, a maximum deviation of ± 5%, to the ultimately relevant and desired feed width for feeding into the nip 104; 104'. The discharge and conveying widths can be adjustable in width mechanically independently of one another, mechanically coupled, or coupled by control technology.

[0121] The dispensing device 701 designed or effective as a dosing device 701 or the at least one dosing device 704; 721 is preferably so finely adjustable in the powder flow that in the relevant range for the specific, ie width-related, dispensing rate, a constant and / or, in particular with an accuracy in the dispensing quantity of a maximum of 3%, in particular a maximum of 2% deviation from the target dispensing quantity, controllable flow of powder mixture 004 can be dispensed to a or the downstream following conveyor device 702, in particular the conveyor belt 702, which can be operated in particular at a constant and / or controlled speed.

[0122] In an embodiment, which can be seen, for example, in Fig. 17 and is particularly advantageous, for example, with regard to defined and / or uniform transport in at least a first part of the conveying path of the powder feed device 700; 700', an above-mentioned, preferably electromagnetic, linear conveyor 704, in particular designed as a vibration conveyor 704, is provided as a first or only metering device 704. This extends in the width running in the axial direction of the rollers 102, 103; 102'; 103', for example over a discharge width which, for example, preferably corresponds exactly or at least approximately, i.e. with, for example, a maximum deviation of ± 5%, to the ultimately relevant and desired feed width for the feed into the nip 104; 104'. The discharge width is preferably adjustable. Above this vibration conveyor 704, an outlet of a supply device 703, e.g.a supply line 703 or, as shown in Fig. 17, a storage container 703, via which powdery material can be delivered to the linear conveyor 704. A supply device 703 designed as a storage container 703 can, for example, be designed in at least the lower part of a funnel-shaped container, e.g. in the manner of a storage funnel 703, and can be filled, for example, manually or via a line system. It can advantageously comprise a fluidizing device, such as a device for blowing in a gaseous medium, in particular air. In the illustrated and advantageous embodiment, the dosing device 701 comprises the vibration conveyor 704 and a supply device 703 which holds material 004; 004' at least to a certain extent, and can, for example, B. also known as dosing device with vibration drive 701 or briefly as dosing vibrator 701, and e.g.form a unit that represents an assembly and can be obtained as such, which can be refilled, for example, manually or via a supply line from a supply.

[0123] The vibration conveyor 704 comprises, for example, a vibration table 706 and a drive means 707 driving the same, in particular a vibration or shaking drive 707 driving the same, in particular an electromagnetically excited one, wherein the term vibration or shaking drive 707 is understood to mean the same as a drive device 707 driving a shaking or vibration device. The vibration or shaking drive 707 or a controller controlling this vibration drive 707 is preferably variable in vibration frequency and / or amplitude and / or the vibration table 706 is adjustable with respect to its gradient viewed in the conveying direction TP manually or by means of a drive means 715, e.g., actuator 715.

[0124] In addition to the above-mentioned metering device 704 formed by a vibrating conveyor 704, a metering device 721 can be provided which varies the discharge flow at the outlet and thus the feed flow onto the conveyor device 702, for example with regard to a particularly well-defined feed flow and / or for example for pre-metering. Such a metering device can be provided, for example, by an adjusting mechanism 721, only indicated schematically in Fig. 17, by which, by means of associated drive means 722, e.g. by one or more servo motors 722; 722.x, in conjunction with a metering device 721 relating to the feed level onto the conveyor device 702, for example a distance between the outlet and the top side of the linear conveyor 704 and / or in conjunction with a metering device 721 relating to the discharge flow at the outlet, e.g. B. a free flow cross-section from or in the supply device 703 can be varied.

[0125] As a metering device 721 relating to the discharge flow at the outlet, the

[0126] A controllable actuating mechanism 721, which varies the outlet cross-section via one or more associated drive means 722; 722.x, e.g., one or more servomotors 722, can be arranged in front of or in front of the outlet of the supply device 703. Such an actuating mechanism 721 can be a flap 723 or a slide 723 extending across the outlet width and actuated by the drive means 722, or by several actuating elements 723 arranged side by side across the outlet width and actuated independently of one another by several drive means

[0127] 722.x comprise adjustable control elements 723.x, such as flap or slide segments 723.x (see, for example, Fig. 18 and Fig. 19). In the case of multiple control elements 723.x adjustable by drive means 722.x, the flow cross-section or discharge flow can, for example, be varied and / or individually corrected across the discharge width.

[0128] As a metering device 721 provided in addition to or instead of this, relating to the feed level on the conveyor device 702, one or more associated drive means 722; 722.x, e.g. one or more servomotors 722, can be provided, which are controlled by a corresponding actuating mechanism

[0129] 723, e.g. a gear, vary the distance between the outlet of the supply device 703 and the top of the linear conveyor 704, in particular raise or lower the supply device 703 or the part comprising the outlet.

[0130] Basically independent of the design of the dispensing device 701 with a dosing device 704 designed as a vibration conveyor 704 and of the presence and / or design of an above-mentioned further dosing device 721, but preferably in conjunction with a dosing device 704 designed as a vibration conveyor 704 and / or e.g. at least one above-mentioned further dosing device 721, in a design of the powder feed device 700; 700' that is particularly advantageous, e.g. with regard to a uniform material flow, above the or a linear conveyor 702 arranged downstream of the dispensing device 701 in the conveying direction TP between the point of material feed onto the linear conveyor 702 and a discharge point at the roller gap 104; 104' or the optionally provided insertion aid 711 or optionallyA removal device 708 is provided on a further downstream conveyor device, which extends horizontally over at least the conveyor width and is adjustable in distance from the top side of the linear conveyor 704.

[0131] By means of such a removal device 708 - assuming parallelism between the underside of the removal device 708 and the top side of the linear conveyor 704 over at least the effective length - a desired and uniform layer height of the material 004; 004' to be conveyed on the linear conveyor 702 or conveyor belt 702 can be determined or achieved across the conveying width. If material 004; 004' is applied across the entire conveying width upstream of the removal device 708 with a thickness that corresponds at least to the distance between the removal device 708 and the top side of the linear conveyor 704, a material flow with a uniform layer thickness of the powdery material 004; 004' defined by the position of the removal device 708 is ensured downstream of the removal device 708.

[0132] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the removal device 708 is designed as a removal doctor blade 708 - preferably oscillatable transversely to the conveying direction TP - which, for example, performs an oscillating or iridescent back-and-forth movement during operation. For this purpose, the removal doctor blade 708 is mounted, for example, for axial movement and is driven in an oscillating or iridescent manner by a drive means 709, e.g., a drive motor 709. This drive motor 709 can be designed directly as a linear motor or as a rotary motor driving the removal doctor blade 708 via an oscillating gear. In an advantageous further development, the distance of the removal device 708 from the conveying device 702 can be remotely adjusted by a drive means 719 - e.g., an actuator 719 - e.g., only schematically indicated in Fig. 17, for example, via a signal connection S6.In an alternative embodiment, a roller, in particular a so-called roller doctor blade, which is rotatable or rotating on its underside counter to the conveying direction TP, can be provided as the removal device 708. In a further development, this roller can additionally be oscillatable in the above manner via appropriate drive means and a corresponding bearing.

[0133] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of a powder feed device 700; 700', which is to be applied, for example, to all embodiments, configurations, and variants of the powder feed device 700; 700' presented here, at least one sensor system with a preferably contactless sensor 713; 714 is provided, which, for example, supplies information on a vertical position of a powder layer surface and / or which, for example, is based on a contactless measuring principle, e.g., using sound waves or electromagnetic radiation, and / or which, together with a control and / or regulating device 724 connected via a signal connection S1; S3, in particular with a control logic or electronic control circuit included in the control and / or regulating device 724, and with a drive means 712; 714 assigned to the dosing or conveying device 702; 704; 721 for varying the dispensing or conveying rate.

[0134] 722; 707 forms a control circuit R11; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37 via a respective signal connection S2; S4; S5; S7.

[0135] In a particularly advantageous embodiment applicable to all embodiments, configurations, and variants of the powder feed device 700; 700' presented here, a sensor system, in particular a fill level sensor system, is provided as a sensor system providing information about the height of a powder layer, comprising a sensor 713, in short fill level sensor 713, which provides information about the fill level in the roller gap 104; 104' or in the insertion aid 711 and which is directed - in particular from above - into the gusset 108 of the roller gap 104; 104' or into the interior of an insertion aid 711 possibly provided above the roller gap 104; 104', onto the powder layer, in particular the powder layer surface, and thereby provides information corresponding to a fill level in the roller gap 104; 104 or in the insertion aid 711 - at least at the location under consideration.

[0136] An advantageously provided control circuit R11; R14; R15; R17 comprises the above-mentioned fill level sensor system with the sensor 713 for detecting information representing a fill level of powdery material 004; 004' in the roller gap 104; 104 or in the insertion aid 711. In such a control circuit R1; R1', for example, the sensor 713 supplying the information on the fill level in the roller gap 104; 104' or in the insertion aid 711 is connected in terms of signals to a control logic or circuit comprised of an above-mentioned control and / or regulating device 724, which in turn is connected in signal connection S2; S4; S5; S7 to the control means of one or more drive means 712; 722; 715; 707 of one or more of the above-mentioned conveying and / or dosing devices 702; 704; 721 for varying the conveying and / or discharge or feed rate of powdery material 004, 004'.

[0137] In one embodiment, which is particularly advantageous for phases of changing machine speeds, such as a start-up phase, a control circuit R12 relating to the conveying speed of the conveying device 702 is provided, in which control circuit the fill level sensor system is in signal communication with a drive means 712 driving the conveying device 702, here, for example, the discharge device 701 driving the conveyor belt 702, via the control and / or regulating device 724 or a control logic or circuit comprised therein and configured accordingly to form a control circuit R12 relating to the conveying rate. For this purpose, the conveying speed is controlled by the drive means 712 in question, for example, depending on the fill level, for example in such a way that the conveying speed increases when a defined lower limit for the fill level is undershot and decreases when a defined upper limit is exceeded.Instead of the fill-level-dependent variation, or in addition thereto, the drive of the conveyor device 702 can be subjected to a control system that correlates with a variable V representing the machine speed via a stored relationship, by which the conveyor device 702 is operated, for example, faster when the machine speed increases and slower when the machine speed decreases. The aforementioned fill-level-dependent control system can be used as a basis for this control system.

[0138] Instead of or in addition to the above-mentioned control circuit R12 relating to the conveying rate and / or the machine speed-dependent control of the conveying device 702, in an advantageous embodiment, a control circuit R15; R14; R17 relating to the dispensing device 701, in particular the dispensing rate of the dispensing device 701 to the conveying device 702, can be provided, in which the fill level sensor system is in signal connection S4; S5; S7 via the control and / or regulating device 724 or a control logic or circuit comprised thereby and configured accordingly, with one or more drive means 722; 722.x; 707; 715 comprised by the dispensing device 701 for dosing purposes, e.g. in a control circuit R15 relating to the dispensing device 701 with a drive means 722; 722.x of the adjusting mechanism 721 upstream of or assigned to the outlet and / or in another control circuit R14 relating to the dispensing device 701, the vibration drive 707 and / or in another control circuit R117 relating to the dispensing device 701, the actuator 715 for the table inclination. The aforementioned control circuits R15; R14; R17 relating to the dispensing device 701 can be provided individually, in pairs, or all together, whereby in the case of several such control circuits R15; R14; R17, cascading or prioritizing of individual control algorithms is preferably provided.

[0139] For this purpose, a control of the dispensing device 701, in particular of the control circuit(s) R15; R14; R17 or control circuits R15; R14; R17 relating to the dispensing rate of the dispensing device 701 onto the conveyor device 702, by the respective drive means 722; 722.x; 707; 715, based on the fill level sensor system, is carried out, for example, in a fill level-dependent manner, for example in such a way that the dispensing rate is increased when a defined lower limit for the fill level is undershot and decreased when a defined upper limit is exceeded.

[0140] Instead of the fill level-dependent variation of the dispensing rate, or preferably in addition thereto, the dosing by the dosing device 701 can be subject to a control correlated to a variable V representing the machine speed, by which the dosing device 701 or one or more dosing devices 704; 721 comprised thereof, for example, increases the dispensing rate by the dosing device 701 or one or more dosing devices comprised by the dosing device 701 via appropriate control of one or more of the above-mentioned drive means 722; 722.x; 707; 715 when the machine speed increases and decreases it when the machine speed decreases. This control can be correlated with the above-mentioned machine speed-dependent control of the conveyor device 702 and / or be subordinate to the above-mentioned fill level-dependent control of the dispensing device 701 as a basis.

[0141] In a further development of the embodiment comprising the removal device 708, the feed rate can additionally also be varied, e.g. preset, by manually or remotely actuating it via a signal connection S6 or, if necessary, by varying the distance of the removal device 708 via an associated drive means 719 using a control circuit (R16) not explicitly shown here.

[0142] Fundamentally independent of, but advantageously in conjunction with an above-mentioned fill level sensor and / or one or more of the above-mentioned control circuits R12; R14; R15; R17 (R16) on which the fill level is based, a sensor providing information on the vertical level of the powder layer surface on the conveyor device 702, in short layer level sensor, is provided as an alternative or further sensor providing information on the vertical position of a powder layer surface, for example in an embodiment comprising a linear conveyor 702. This sensor comprises a sensor 714, e.g. level sensor 714, which provides information on the layer height or at least on the level of the powder layer surface on the conveyor device 702 and preferably operates in a contactless manner, which, for example,as an optical or ultrasonic sensor - is directed from one side onto the profile of the powder layer and provides at least information on the vertical position of at least one highest elevation of the powder layer across the conveying width transverse to the conveying direction TP. With the conveyor device 702 in an operationally stable vertical position, the level of the powder layer surface represents a resulting powder layer thickness.

[0143] In a simple case, for example, sensor 714 merely monitors whether a certain level of a highest elevation is exceeded or undershot, and the result is used, for example, for control purposes. Monitoring only a certain height for exceedance or undershoot can be achieved, for example, using a single-beam light barrier or a linear ultrasonic sensor. In a more complex version, which may, however, lead to more information, the sensor technology can also provide information on the vertical position of a highest elevation currently present across the conveyor width - at least within a certain bandwidth. In this case, a sensor technology extending vertically over a certain height, such as a light grid or an ultrasonic sensor with vertical resolution, can be used, for example.

[0144] Basically independent of, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more of the above-mentioned control circuits R12; R15; R14 or R17 based on the fill level and / or an above-mentioned speed-dependent control, in an advantageous embodiment of a device comprising the removal device 708, for example, a control circuit R35; R34; R37 is provided, which comprises an above-mentioned layer level sensor system with an above-mentioned layer level sensor 714. In such a control circuit R35; R34; R37, the latter is signal-connected to a control logic or circuit comprised by an above-mentioned control and / or regulating device 724, which in turn is signal-connected to the control means of one or more drive devices 707; 722; 715 of one or more of the above-mentioned dosing devices 704; 721 for varying the dispensing rate of the dosing device 701. Control of the dosing device 701 with regard to the dispensing rate ora dosing device 704; 721 comprised therein by the relevant drive device 707; 722; 715 is effected, for example, in a level-dependent manner, i.e. depending on the information supplied by the layer level sensor, for example in such a way that if a defined lower limit for the level of the surface or a target value is undershot, for example by more than a permissible tolerance, an increase is made and if a defined upper limit or the target value is exceeded, for example by more than a permissible tolerance, a reduction is made in the dispensing rate dispensed by the dispensing device 701 or applied to the conveyor device 702 by at least one control circuit R35; R34; R37 comprising the layer level sensor 714.

[0145] Instead of or in addition to the above-mentioned control circuit R12 relating to the conveying rate and / or the machine speed-dependent control of the conveying device 702 and / or a control circuit R15; R14; R17 relating to the dispensing device 701, in particular the dispensing rate of the dispensing device 701 to the conveying device 702 as a function of the fill level, in an advantageous embodiment a control circuit R35; R34; R37 relating to the dispensing device 701, in particular the dispensing rate of the dispensing device 701 to the conveying device 702 as a function of the layer level can be provided, in which the layer level sensor system is in signal communication with one or more drive means 722; 722.x; 707; 715 comprising the dispensing device 701 for dosing purposes via the control and / or regulating device 724 or a control logic or circuit comprised thereof and configured accordingly, e.g.in a control circuit R35 relating to the dispensing device 701 with a drive means 722; 722.x of the actuating mechanism 721 upstream of or assigned to the outlet, and / or in another control circuit R34 relating to the dispensing device 701 with the vibration drive 707, and / or in a further control circuit R37 relating to the dispensing device 701 with the actuator 715 for the table inclination. The aforementioned control circuits R35; R34; R37 relating to the dispensing device 701 can be provided individually, in pairs, or all together, wherein in the case of several such control circuits R35; R34; R37, cascading or prioritizing of individual control algorithms is preferably provided.

[0146] A powder feed device 700; 700' with a dosing device 701, in particular a dosing device 701 with a dosing device with a vibration drive 707, and a downstream conveyor device 702, in particular a linear conveyor 702, is advantageously operated as follows:

[0147] The dispensing device 701, which is particularly designed as a dosing device 701, is initially and during operation as required filled with powdered material 004; 004' to be processed, and the material from the dosing device 701 is dispensed in doses to the conveying device 702, in particular by shaking. In a particularly advantageous development using an above-mentioned removal device 708, slightly, for example up to 10%, preferably only up to 5%, more material 004; 004' is dispensed to the conveying device 702 than is actually removed, which is then removed or retained to a specific, in particular adjustable, height with the preferably changing removal device in order to provide a uniform material layer thickness. The delivery rate of the dispensing device 701 to the conveying device 702 can be controlled, for example, via an above-mentioned control circuit R35; R34; R37 comprising the level sensor 14 on the conveying device 702, e.g.such that the detected level always corresponds at least to the set distance from the conveyor device 702, and advantageously is even higher. The powdery material 004; 004' conveyed on the conveyor device 702, preferably guided under the removal device 708 in the above-mentioned manner, is conveyed by the conveyor device 702 directly or, if necessary, via another conveyor device into the gap 104; 104' or an insertion aid 711 possibly provided above it.

[0148] In an advantageous embodiment, the conveyor device 702 and, if applicable, a further conveyor device connected thereto can be controlled in a manner described above via an above-mentioned control circuit R12 with a fill level sensor 713, which monitors the fill level in the gap 004; 004' or in the insertion aid 711.

[0149] In an advantageous further development, for a format change in the product 001; 002 to be manufactured, the delivery width of the delivery device 701 and / or the conveying width of the conveying device 702 is adjusted manually or preferably remotely via corresponding drive means.

[0150] In order, for example, to vary a maximum material feed beyond dosing by the dispensing device 701 or alternatively to this, the removal device 708 can be varied in its distance from the conveying device 702 in an advantageous embodiment.

[0151] For the above-mentioned designs and variants of the powder feed device 700 (e.g. in connection with Fig. 17) and in particular also for designs and variants of the dispensing or dosing device 701 which deviate from this, e.g. as set out in connection with Fig. 18 and Fig. 19, the following is fundamentally independent of the above-mentioned sensors, sensors 713; 714 or control circuits R12; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37, but advantageously in connection with one or more of the above-mentioned sensors, sensors 713; 714 or control circuits R12; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37 - a powder stream emerging from the powder feed device 700 and fed into the roller gap 104, 104' or into the insertion aid 711 possibly arranged above it - in particular in a drop section between the or a last conveyor device 702 encompassed by the powder feed device 700; 700' and the roller gap 104; 104' or a possiblyprovided insertion aid 711 - at least one point or preferably across the entire width, in particular the fall width, continuously or at several points, point-wise or sectionally directed sensors 726; 731, e.g. powder flow sensors 726; 731, with e.g. a sensor 728; 733, are provided, by means of which information about the powder flow, in particular about the size and / or homogeneity, can be provided. Such a sensor 726; 731 or information obtained therefrom can, in the first embodiment, supply an integral variable I; F, e.g. measured variable I; F, obtained over the considered width, e.g. the entire width or a section continuous or sectionally interrupted width, in particular the fall width of the powder flow, or in the second embodiment, preferably supply a spatially resolved value of such a variable lx; Fx, individual in the width.

[0152] In the first embodiment, information about the powder flow in the observed area can be obtained via an integral value of the variable I; F. If the entire width is not detected, this information can be used as a first approximation as a measure of the entire flow. This can be used, for example, to guide a powder flow in a control loop R82; R85, explained below, for example, or to keep it constant, or - for example, if there are empirically determined relationships between the determined variable I; F and the throughput - to control or regulate the powder flow with regard to its throughput.

[0153] In an advantageous embodiment of this first embodiment, a control circuit R82; R85 is provided which comprises an above-mentioned integral powder flow sensor system 726; 731 with an above-mentioned sensor 728; 733. This is connected in such a control circuit R82; R85 via a signal connection S8 to a control logic or circuit comprised of an above-mentioned control and / or regulating device 724, which in turn is connected via a signal connection S2; S5; S7 to the control means of one or more drive means 712; 707; 722; 715 of one or more of the above-mentioned conveying or dosing devices 704; 721 for varying the conveying rate of the conveying device and / or the dispensing rate of the dosing device 701. The control logic or circuit in question is available, for example, B. in a control circuit R82 relating to the conveying rate via the drive means 712 driving the conveying device 702 and / or in a control circuit R85 relating to the dispensing device 701 with a drive means 722; 722.x of the actuating mechanism 721 upstream of or assigned to the outlet in signal connection S2; S5. For a variant with a dispensing device with the aforementioned vibration conveyor 704, a control logic or circuit of the control and / or regulating device 724, which is signal-connected to a sensor 728; 733 of the powder flow sensor system 726; 731, can be connected to the vibration drive 707 in another control circuit relating to the dispensing device 701 (not shown), and / or to the actuator 715 for the table inclination in another control circuit relating to the dispensing device 701 (not shown). The aforementioned control circuits R82; R85 relating to the dispensing device 701 and / or conveyor device 702 can be provided individually, in groups, or all together, wherein in the case of several such control circuits R82; R85, cascading or prioritization of individual control algorithms is preferably provided.

[0154] In a second embodiment with sensors 726; 731 provided at multiple locations, either selectively or in sections, information about the powder flow in the relevant section or at the relevant measuring location can be obtained across the width by means of individual, spatially resolved values ​​of an above-mentioned variable lx; Px for each individual section or measuring location, which information each represents a measure of the powder flow in the relevant section or at the relevant measuring location. This can be used, for example, in a control loop R82; R85 explained above - e.g. after summation or averaging - to also control a total powder flow, e.g., to keep it constant, or - for example, if there are empirically determined relationships between the determined variable I; F and the throughput - to control or regulate the powder flow with regard to its throughput.Instead of or in addition to this integral evaluation and a control based thereon, however, for several or all sections or measuring locations in respective control circuits R82; R85, a powder partial flow can be controlled or regulated at least relative to powder partial flows in other sections or at other measuring locations or - for example, if there are empirically determined relationships between the determined variable lx; Fx and the size of the throughput - the powder flow in question, in particular the powder partial flow, can be controlled or regulated with regard to the throughput.

[0155] In an advantageous embodiment of this second embodiment, a control circuit R82; R85 is provided for several or all sections or measuring locations, each with its own above-mentioned sensor 728.x; 733.x. This sensor 728.x; 733.x is signal-connected in such a control circuit R82; R85 to a control logic or circuit comprised of an above-mentioned control and / or regulating device 724, which in turn is signal-connected to control means of several drive means 722.x of a dosing device 721, the width of which can be adjusted in sections or segments, for section-by-section variation of the discharge rate from the dosing device 701. Sections or measuring locations with their own sensors 728.x; 733.x correspond to sections or segments, in particular actuating element segments 723.x, of a dosing device 721, which can be adjusted in sections, e.g. B. with the above-mentioned and actuating element segments 723.x driven by drive means 722.x, e.g. flap or slide segments 723.x.The individual control elements 723.x or control element segments 723.x are controlled, for example, in such a way that, for example, a powder flow of the same size is detected by the sensors 726; 731 in all sections under consideration. If necessary, the control can also be directed towards a desired profile, i.e., with powder flows that vary across the width in the sections under consideration.

[0156] In an advantageous embodiment (see, for example, Fig. 18 and Fig. 19), the powder feed device 700; 700' comprises, as already explained above with reference to Fig. 17, a conveyor device 702, through which powdery material 004, 004' is conveyed across a conveyor width and from there fed to an underlying roller gap 104; 104' or a possibly provided feed aid 711. The feed itself is effected in particular by the powder stream falling down after reaching the end of the or a last conveyor device 702 via a drop path and into the roller gap 104; 104' or the insertion aid 711.

[0157] In a particularly advantageous embodiment of a powder feed device 700; 700' in one of the embodiments or variants set out above or below, the above-mentioned powder flow sensor system 726; 731 is provided in the region of the drop path between the only or downstream last conveyor device 701 of the powder feed device 700; 700' and the roller gap 104; 104' or the insertion aid 711 provided if applicable.

[0158] Such a powder flow sensor system 726; 731 is shown, for example, in connection with an advantageous embodiment for the dispensing device 701 according to Fig. 18 and Fig. 19, wherein the same reference numerals as previously in Fig. 17 are used for functionally comparable or identical parts. In contrast to the embodiment shown with reference to Fig. 17, the dispensing device 701 here is shown without a vibration conveyor 704, but instead with a dosing device 721, which is only schematically indicated in Fig. 17, for example, and relates to the dispensing flow at the outlet of the supply device 703, with which, for example, the free flow cross-section in the supply device 703 or out of it can be varied.However, what has been stated regarding the powder flow sensor system 726; 731 can also be applied to an embodiment with a vibration conveyor 704 as described above or to any other embodiment in which the powder flow is or can be fed from a conveyor device 702 via a drop path to the roller gap 104; 104' or to an insertion aid 711 possibly provided thereabove.

[0159] In conjunction with the above-explained control loop R85 comprising the powder flow sensors 726; 731 based on an integral value for the variable I; F, the dosing device 721 can be designed with a continuous or segmented actuating element 723; 723.x across the width, wherein for the latter, when controlled via a single integral value of the variable I; F, for example, the actuating elements 723.x are adjusted equally. If, based on the information provided via the variable I; F, an insufficient powder flow or an undesirable decrease in the powder flow is detected, the continuous actuating element 723 or the actuating element segments 723.x are opened further for a larger material passage, and vice versa. If the above-mentioned relationship exists, control can also be carried out to a specific throughput.

[0160] Alternatively or additionally, the speed of the conveyor device can also be controlled in a control loop R82 on the basis of the integral value for the quantity I; F by appropriately controlling the drive means 712.

[0161] In conjunction with the above-explained control loop R85 comprising the powder flow sensors 726; 731 for controlling in individual sections based on individual values ​​for such a variable lx; Px, the dosing device 721 comprises control elements 723.x formed in sections by control element segments 723.x. The control element segments 723.x or their actuators 722.x are adjusted, for example, via respective control loops R82; R85, in accordance with the specified control task based on individual values ​​for the variable lx; Px at the relevant sections or measuring locations. In this case, control can be achieved, for example, to a profile that is uniform across the width or, if necessary, to a specified profile with powder flows that vary across the width. If the above-mentioned relationship exists, control can also be achieved to a profile with a uniform or varying throughput across the width.One or more further circuit elements 729, such as a dead time element 729, can be provided in the respective control circuit R82; R85. In a first advantageous embodiment of the powder flow sensor system 726 (see, for example, Fig. 18), this is based on a measurement using electromagnetic radiation, in particular light in the UV, IR, or visible wavelength range, in particular in the form of a light barrier 726. For this purpose, for example, a radiation source 727, e.g. a light source 727, is provided on one side of the fall path and a sensor 728; 728.x, in particular a radiation receiver 728; 728.x, is provided on the other side. A radiation intensity I; lx registered at the sensor 728 is used here as the quantity I; lx providing information about the powder flow. In the case of an integral determination and evaluation in the above sense using only one value for the quantity I, a single radiation source 727, e.g. B.in particular a directed light source 727, and / or a single radiation receiver 728, e.g. a photodiode 728 or a phototransistor 728, may be provided. For the second case, which allows control in individual sections based on individual values ​​for such a quantity lx; Px, an extended radiation or light source 727.x, e.g. in the manner of a light grid 726, a plurality of individual light sources 727.x or a light bar 727.x, and a plurality of radiation receivers 728.x, an extended, in particular spatially resolving radiation receiver 728.x or radiation receiver segments 728.x, such as a radiation receiver array 728.x, a photodiode array 728.x or a line scan camera 728.x, may be provided. By detecting the radiation intensity I; lx the constancy of a mass flow can be checked, for example, ifBased on an empirically determined relationship, the powder flow can even be controlled or regulated with regard to its throughput - sectionally or integrally, depending on the design.

[0162] In a second advantageous embodiment of the powder flow sensor system 731 (see, for example, Fig. 19), this is based on the application of a force measurement, in particular on a measurement of the force acting on a sensor 733; 733.x designed as a force transducer 733; 733.x due to the momentum of the falling powder particles. A value for a force F; Fx registered at the sensor 733; 733.x is used here as the quantity F; Fx providing information about the powder flow. For the case of an integral determination and evaluation in the above sense using a value for the quantity I, a single force transducer 733 can be provided, on which the powder flow of the entire width or a partial section representative of the width acts. For the second case of control in individual sections based on individual values ​​for such a quantity Fx, a plurality of individual force transducers 733.x can be used, e.g., as a force transducer array 733—for example, one operating piezoelectrically.x, should be provided.

[0163] The effect on the force transducer(s) 733; 733.x can in principle be implemented in any way such that an impulse of the material 004; 004' falling across the width or a partial section in the powder stream is transmitted to the relevant force transducer 733; 733.x. In the advantageous embodiment shown here, an impact element 732; 732.x, e.g. an impact plate 732; 732.x, is provided for the or each section to be considered, i.e. over the entire width, a representative partial section or several individual partial sections, which is located in the fall path of the section to be considered and is operatively connected to an associated force transducer 733; 733.x. The impact plate 732; 732.x can in this case be in the form of a deflection plate 732; 732.x can be designed so that a pulse can be transmitted, but the material 004, 004' continues to flow to the roller gap 104; 104' or an insertion aid 711 provided above it. The impact element 732; 732.x, can be pivotably or elastically mounted and / or supported against the force transducer 733; 733.x, so that, for example, with increasing load from the powder flow, the force F; Fx registered by the force transducer 733; 733.x increases. The measuring principle is based on an impact with a change in direction, whereby a resulting force F is based on the physical relationship F = mxa (force = mass x acceleration) and the change in direction upon impact. By detecting the force F, the constancy of a mass flow can be checked, and if, for example, an empirically determined relationship exists, the powder flow can even be controlled or regulated with regard to its throughput. In a further embodiment of a powder feed device 700; 700' is the powdered material 004, 004' via a e.g.A dispensing device 701 designed as a dosing device 701, in particular a dosing device 701 with a vibration drive 707, such as a dosing vibrator 701, can be provided and can be dispensed or fed into the roller gap 104; 104' or into the filling and / or storage space 126 provided above it, preferably directly at the downstream end of the dosing vibrator 701 or the vibrating table encompassed by it, or optionally indirectly via one or more further downstream conveying devices 701. The dispensed quantity of the dosing vibrator 701 can preferably be regulated via a fill level sensor, e.g., in a manner described above, and / or the dispensing or feeding width can be adjusted to a desired format width.

[0164] In this embodiment, a distribution device 744 is provided above the roller gap 104; 104', by means of which, for example, a fill level in the filling and / or supply chamber 126 - which is preferably adjustable in terms of width and / or axial position - can be uniformed across its width in the axial direction of the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' (see, for example, Fig. 20a and Fig. 20b). For this purpose, the distribution device 744 preferably comprises a cross member 746 - e.g. one-part or multi-part - extending, for example, axially over at least the maximum clear width of the filling and / or supply chamber 126, on or in which a distribution tool 747, e.g. B. a one-part or multi-part distribution finger 747, projects into the filling and / or storage space 126 and between one end or near the end, ie B.a maximum of 10% of the width of the filling and / or storage space 126, on a first end side delimiting the filling and / or storage space 126 and the end or near-end area of ​​the opposite second end side - for example by means of a correspondingly arranged.

[0165] Drive device - can be oscillated back and forth or moves back and forth in an oscillating manner during operation. In this case, the distribution tool 747 can, in principle, be movable back and forth between the end positions along any desired movement path with at least one, in particular predominant (i.e., larger than other directions), movement component in the direction of the width of the filling and / or storage space 126. Preferably, it can be moved back and forth along a movement path running parallel to the gap 104; 104'.

[0166] The drive device can comprise, for example, an electric drive motor as drive means 749, by which a belt of a belt drive carrying the distribution tool 747 or a thread of a screw drive conveying the distribution tool 747 can be reversibly driven or driven. Alternatively, the drive means can comprise a pneumatic drive means 749, for example, a piston that can be pressurized with compressed air on both sides, which is alternately pressurized on the sides and carries the distribution tool 747.

[0167] The distribution finger 747 can basically be designed in any way so that at least part of it extends into the powder reservoir and, as it moves back and forth, displaces a part of the powdery material 004; 004' located in the movement path. In an advantageous embodiment, the distribution finger 747 is designed with a recess 748, for example a spoon- or groove-like profile, e.g. in the manner of a half-shell with, for example, a vertically extending groove 748, on a side facing in the direction of movement, at least over part of its height extending into the powder reservoir. A further development can be advantageous in which the distribution finger 747 is mounted and / or positively driven in such a way that it is forcibly rotated by 180° at the respective turning point of the oscillating movement, so that the side having the recess again points in the direction of movement.This can prevent powdered material 004; 004' from accumulating in the end regions. Alternatively, a distribution finger 747 having a passage can be provided, which, for example, allows excess material 004; 004' to flow back during movement. In an advantageous development, a fill level of the powdered material 004; 004', which has been made uniform by the distribution device 744 or the oscillating distribution tool 747, in the filling and / or storage chamber 126 can be set or regulated. For this purpose, for example, at least one fill level sensor 713, as already mentioned, is provided, which is directed at a point in the filling and / or storage chamber 126 onto the upper side of the powder supply present in the filling and / or storage chamber 126. Preferably, viewed across the width of the filling and / or storage chamber 126, a plurality of, for example, B. at least three, advantageously at least five, in particular e.g.nine such fill level sensors 713 directed towards the powder reservoir are provided. Alternatively, a differently designed sensor system that detects the supply and / or the fill level can be provided. The fill level sensor(s) 713 or one or more sensors of an alternative fill level sensor system is / are connected in the aforementioned manner, e.g. via corresponding signal connections S1; S3; S2; S4 and an aforementioned control and / or regulating device 724, in particular a control logic or electronic control circuit comprised by the control and / or regulating device 724, e.g. forming a corresponding control loop R12; R14; R15; R17; R34; R35; R37, to a drive means 722; 707 (712) assigned to the dosing or conveying device(s) 702; 704; 721 for varying the dispensing or conveying rate. This makes it possible to provide a desired filling height, defined for example by a setpoint and uniformed across the width.

[0168] Preferably, the discharge width of the dosing device 701 or the feed width into the roller gap 104; 104' or the filling and / or supply chamber 126 - e.g., in the manner already explained above with reference to Fig. 17 - is variable. Additionally or instead, the width of the filling and / or supply chamber 126 and / or the stroke, i.e., the width and / or position of the movement path for the distribution tool 747 and / or the vertical position of the part effective for distribution to be assumed during operation and / or its oscillation frequency, can be adjustable. The powder feed device 700; 700' can preferably only be a dosing device

[0169] 701, at the outlet of which the powdered material 104; 104' is discharged or fed into the roller gap 104; 104' or the filling and / or storage chamber 126. Such a dosing device 701 can advantageously be designed in a version of the dosing vibrator 701, as is part of the powder feed device 700; 700' in Fig. 17, Fig. 18 or Fig. 19. In a variant, corresponding to the powder feed device 700; 700' in Fig. 17, at least one further conveying device

[0170] 702 may be provided, via which the powdered material 004; 004' is dispensed or supplied into the roller gap 104; 104' or the filling and / or supply chamber 126. In an advantageous embodiment, the method described in connection with the embodiment of, for example, Fig. 17 applies to the metering device 701 and / or to the supply device 703 and / or to the metering device 704 and / or to any additionally provided conveying device 702.

[0171] Alternatively, the powder feed device 700; 700', as explained, for example, in connection with Fig. 18 or Fig. 19, can comprise an above-mentioned conveying device 702 in the form of a linear conveyor 702, which receives the powdered material 004; 004' directly from a storage container 703, i.e. without the interposition of a dosing vibrator 701, and - optionally via a further conveying device - delivers or feeds it into the roller gap 104; 104' or the filling and / or storage space 126.

[0172] In an alternative embodiment of a powder feed device 700; 700', which is advantageous, for example, with regard to a uniform fill level in the reservoir above the dosing gap 104; 104' and / or in the filling and / or reservoir space 126, the powdery material 004; 004' can be made available via a dispensing device 701, in particular a dispensing device 701 with a container 751, e.g. a channel-like or trough-like, which is to be set into vibration by a drive device 707, e.g. a vibration or shaking drive 707, and - preferably via one or more openings 752 in the base 753 of the container 751 directly (see, for example, Fig. 21) or optionally indirectly via a further one arranged underneath, e.g. B. Linear conveyor 702 designed conveyor device 702 can be delivered or fed into the roller gap 104; 104' or into the filling and / or storage space 126 provided above it. The designations vibration orVibration drive 707 is used here without distinction as a drive device 707, by which the vibration container 751 can be operated in its function as such. In contrast to a merely funnel-like container with a vibration drive, the vibrating container 751 present here serves to convey the material 004; 004 essentially horizontally between an inlet-side feed, e.g., from a storage container 703, and a horizontally spaced-apart outlet-side discharge, e.g., through the opening 752.

[0173] The container 751 or the vibrating trough 751 comprises, in particular, a circumferential wall. The fill level in the vibrating trough 751 can be monitored, for example, by a fill level sensor 754—e.g., across a continuous range or to a minimum and / or maximum fill level—and can be regulated, for example, via a two-point or three-point control, to a specific level or to remain within at least one permitted range. This can be achieved, for example, by varying the supply from the storage container 703 mentioned below. In particular, the fill level sensor 754 is arranged above the bottom 753. In principle, the powdered material 104; 104' can be discharged directly from the at least one bottom-side opening 752 into the filling and / or storage chamber 126 in the gusset 108 above the roller gap 104; 104'. Preferably, the opening 752 in question is followed by a supply channel 756, e.g.also referred to as filler neck 756 or filler shaft 756, which on the downstream side has an outlet that preferably extends into the gusset 108 formed above the roller gap 104; 104' or filling and / or storage space 126, i.e., into the triangular or wedge-shaped space 108 between the lateral surfaces. The feed channel 756 or filler neck 756 or filler shaft 756 can basically have any desired cross-section and / or a cross-sectional profile that varies in height, but in an advantageous embodiment is formed by a - in particular vertically running - tube 756 with, for example, a round or rectangular cross-section - in particular with a constant cross-section at least over the maximum fill height provided during operation. The fill level sensor 754 is preferably arranged above the at least one or exactly one opening 752.Thus, both the level of a filling level reaching into the container 751 and a filling level in the feed channel 756 can be monitored and / or determined in the event that the feed channel 756 is not completely filled.

[0174] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a sensor 751—preferably operating in a contactless manner—is provided as the fill level sensor 754, which is based, for example, on a contactless measuring principle, e.g., using sound waves or electromagnetic radiation. For example, it scans the powder surface in the observed area or location in a contactless manner, in particular using electromagnetic radiation or preferably using sound waves. The radiation or sound waves directed onto the surface by a radiation or sound source and reflected there are received by a radiation or sound receiver and processed into corresponding signals representing information about the fill level.

[0175] In an advantageous embodiment (see e.g. Fig. 21), the fill level sensor 754 is arranged above the opening 752, and / or at least in such a way that a fill level in or above the feed channel 756 can be monitored by it, ie in the event of a backflow into the container, the fill level above the feed channel 756 and in the event of the feed channel 756 not being completely filled, the fill level in the feed channel 756 or in its fall path for the material 004, 004'.

[0176] In another embodiment not shown here, the fill level sensor 754 can be arranged above the sheet 753 in such a way that it provides information on the fill level of the material 004; 004' lying or accumulated in an area adjacent to the opening 752 and spaced from the opening 753, for example, by a maximum of 20 mm, in particular in an area - viewed in the flow direction of the material 004; 004' - directly in front of the opening 752 leading into the feed channel 756 in the bottom 753 of the vibratable container 751.

[0177] In an advantageous embodiment, the fill level sensor 754 or the sensor system comprising it can be connected to a control and / or regulating device connected via a signal connection, in particular to a control logic or electronic control circuit comprised by the control and / or regulating device, and to a drive means 707, by means of which the conveying rate of the dispensing device 701 can be varied, e.g. the vibration drive 707, and / or the drive means (not shown), by means of which a vertical position of the outlet 757 from the pre-loading container 703 can be adjusted, via a respective signal connection, a corresponding control circuit or several, e.g. combined, in particular cascaded, control circuits.

[0178] The sensor system can comprise one or preferably several fill level sensors 754 arranged axially next to one another, e.g., at least three, e.g., three to nine, fill level sensors 754. Their measurement results can, if necessary, be processed using predefined rules to form a common measured value underlying the control.

[0179] In one embodiment, an opening 752 extending across the feed width and / or a filler neck 756 extending across the feed width may be provided. In an advantageous embodiment, viewed in the direction of the roller gap 104; 104', several openings 752 and / or associated feed channels 756 are provided next to one another, e.g., in the aforementioned design with, for example, a round or rectangular shape.

[0180] The vibrating trough 751 receives the powdered material 004; 004' from a storage container 703, e.g., in the manner of a storage funnel 703, which has an outlet 757 with one or more openings in the region of its lower end. The outlet 757 is located at a height above the bottom 753 so that material 004; 004' can exit into the vibrating trough 751, but preferably below the level of the maximum possible fill level determined by the wall of the vibrating trough 751. The surrounding wall of the vibrating trough 751 thus has a correspondingly large height, e.g., more than 10 mm, in particular at least 50 mm, so that sufficient material 104; 104' can slide out of the storage container 703 and be stored in the vibrating trough 751 at a sufficiently large fill level. Preferably, the outlet 757 is immersed in the powder layer stored in the vibrating trough 751 during operation, ieis at a level below the current fill level.

[0181] The fill level in the storage container 703 can be monitored, for example, by a fill level sensor 759 – e.g., over a continuous range or, for example, via a two-point or three-point control – for a minimum and / or maximum fill level. This allows, for example, a fill level and thus the pressure acting on the outlet 757 to be maintained within a desired range.

[0182] The storage container 703 or its outlet 757 is preferably arranged at a distance from the opening 752 or a plurality of openings 752, viewed in the horizontal direction. This ensures a cross-flow of material 004; 004' stored within the container 751. The storage container 703 or its outlet 757 is preferably spaced from the opening 752 or a plurality of openings 752 in a direction that is horizontal and perpendicular to the course of the roller gap 104; 104'. This forms a horizontal transport path on which the material 004; 004' sliding down from the storage container 703 can be evened out in terms of fill level by means of vibration. In a further development, guides 758, indicated only by dashed lines, e.g. B. Longitudinal edges 758 may be provided, which extend, for example, in a direction from the outlet 757 to the opening 752 or a plurality of openings 752. This serves, for example,avoiding or reducing the mutual influence of possibly different mass flows through several openings 752 or sections of a continuous opening 752.

[0183] In order to be able to influence the filling level in the vibrating trough 751, a drive mechanism (not shown) is provided, for example, by means of which the storage container 703 or the outlet 757 enclosed by the storage container 703 can be varied in distance from the bottom 753 of the vibrating trough 751.

[0184] When the vibrating trough 751 or the vibration or shaking drive 707 is active, the vibrating trough 751 or the container 751 and one or more filling nozzles 756 are filled downstream via one or more openings 752, which in turn fill the roller gap 104; 104' or the filling and / or storage space 126 formed in the gusset 108. If the fill level in the roller gap 104; 104' reaches the level of the outlet opening or outlet openings of the filler nozzle(s) 756, a backflow occurs in the feed channel 756 - e.g. due to the limited flowability and / or friction present in the material layer - so that the roller gap 104; 104' or the filling and / or storage space 126 formed in the gusset 108 is not overfilled. The container 751 or the vibrating trough 751 also backs up until it - e.g.due to the limited flowability and / or friction present in the material layer - there is no longer any refilling from the storage container 703, even if the vibrating trough 751 is operated continuously. If the fill level in the roller gap 104; 104' or in the filling and / or storage space 126 drops due to material consumption, powdery material 004; 004' slides in. This also happens if the material consumption varies across the width, wherein in a continuous filler neck 756 the level then adjusts itself through sliding and, if there are several filler necks 756 across the width, the used powdery material 004; 004' slides in individually. In further alternative advantageous embodiments of a powder feed device 700; 700' (see e.g. Fig. 22 and Fig. 23), the powdery material 004; 004' with respect to a direction parallel to the roll gap 104; 104' viewed in sections - e.g.separately from one another - via a group of several adjacently arranged feed channels 756, e.g. also referred to as filler necks 756 or filler shafts 756, into the roller gap 104; 104' or the filling and / or supply space 126 formed in the gusset 108. As a result, a fill level and thus the pressure in the individual feed channels 756 can be adjusted to a certain extent independently of one another and / or of the material consumption in the other sections, in particular can be controlled or regulated to a same level. The feed channels 756 or filler necks 756 or filler shafts 756 can basically have any cross-section and / or a cross-sectional shape that varies in height, e.g. funnel-shaped, or can be formed by a shaft that is divided into individual feed channels 756 by corresponding partition walls.In an advantageous embodiment, however, they are formed by - in particular vertically running - tubes 756 with, for example, a round or rectangular cross-section - in particular with a constant cross-section at least over the maximum fill level provided during operation. The feed channels 756 receive the powdered material 004; 004' directly or indirectly from a supply device 703. Preferably, such feed channels 756 or downwardly open outlets of the feed channels 756 are arranged next to one another over a width which corresponds approximately, i.e. with a maximum deviation of ±5%, to the current clear width of the filling and / or storage space 126 formed in the gusset 108. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the feed channels 756 are assigned a sensor system with at least one sensor 761, by means of which a respective fill level in the feed channels 756, e.g.to at least one lower and / or upper limit value, can be monitored or, for example, in at least one area for the fill level, can be detected. The fill level considered here relates in particular to the column of material formed or accumulated above the downstream outlet of the relevant feed channel 756 or in the lower channel section 756.1, i.e. downstream of an actuator possibly provided in the feed channel 756. A result of the monitoring or detection can preferably be fed to a control and / or regulating device, for example an electronic control and / or regulating circuit or a control and / or regulating routine implemented in a data processing device via a wired or wireless signal connection, which in turn acts on one or more actuators serving to vary the fill level. In principle, the sensor system can be installed on any of the above-mentionedThe sensors may be based on a mode of operation that meets the minimum requirements, for example sensors 761 that operate optically, evaluate magnetic or electrical fields, or record mechanical force.

[0185] In an advantageous embodiment, the feed channels 756 are transparent or at least translucent, e.g., see-through, for electromagnetic waves of a specific wavelength range, e.g., a range in the visible wavelength spectrum, at least on a preferably identical side, e.g., perpendicular to the course of the roller gap 104; 104', so that a fill level can be monitored or detected through the wall or at least a transparent or translucent section of the respective feed channel 756 by means of a sensor 761 operating in the respective wavelength range and / or sensitive in the above sense. In this case, one of the number of feed channels 756 can be provided, corresponding to the number of feed channels 756, or a sensor 761 common to the feed channels 756, which is preferably designed as a camera 761, in particular as a line scan camera 761.If the wavelength range in question is not sufficiently present in the spectrum provided by the ambient lighting, a corresponding source for the wavelength range in question can be provided for application in the incident light or, if necessary, transmitted light method.

[0186] Preferably, the sensor 761 is designed as a camera 761 operating in the visible wavelength spectrum, wherein the supply channels 756 are formed on at least the side viewed by the camera 761 and in at least the section viewed by the camera 761 or entirely from a transparent or at least translucent material, in particular from glass, from Plexiglas or from a transparent or at least translucent plastic.

[0187] In a first advantageous embodiment of such a powder supply device 700; 700' in the version supplying the filling and / or storage chamber 126 in sections, the feed channels 756, which are provided next to one another - e.g. directly or spaced apart - are in line connection with at least one supply device 703 and can be filled with powdery material 004; 004' on the inlet side or from above (see, for example, Fig. 22).

[0188] In an embodiment that is advantageous, for example, in terms of complexity, several or all of the feed channels 756 provided next to one another are connected to a same supply device 703 and can be filled with powdered material 004; 004' simultaneously on the inlet side or from above.

[0189] A material supply into the feed channels 756 via individual conveyor belts, vibrators or the like can be omitted for the preferred case here, wherein a supply device 703 jointly assigned to the one or more feed channels 756 to be supplied is or is provided - e.g. at a level above the entrance to the feed channels 756 - and the powdery material 004; 004' can be fed into or flowed out of the respective feed channels 756 from this device, in particular solely by the effect of gravity.

[0190] Outlets of the feed channels 756 on the output side preferably extend into the gusset 108 formed above the roller gap 104; 104' or the filling and / or storage space 126. A storage container 703, e.g., in the form of a storage hopper 703, can preferably be provided as the supply device 703, which, in a lower region, is connected to the feed channels 756 via one or more corresponding openings for conveying the powdered material 004; 004'.

[0191] In order to be able to fill the feed channels 756 individually and independently of one another, for example in the event of a material consumption that fluctuates across the width, i.e. across the group of feed channels 756, or for other reasons, actuating elements 762, e.g. valves 762, in particular ball or flat slide valves 762, are provided as actuating elements and are assigned to the respective feed channels 756, by means of which an inlet-side entry of powdery material 004; 004' into the feed channels 756 or a flow of powdery material 004; 004' in the feed channels 756 into a respective downstream channel section 756.1 can be changed via an actuator 763, i.e. for example to be selectively opened or closed or, in an advantageous further development, to be adjusted in the degree of opening or a flow rate over an actuating range.By means of the adjusting elements 762, the fill levels in the individual feed channels 756, in particular in a respective channel section 756.1 arranged downstream of the adjusting element 762, can be individually adjusted and, in conjunction with the above-mentioned sensors which monitor and / or detect the fill level, can be individually controlled or regulated via the control and / or regulating device. For example, the above-mentioned adjusting elements 762, e.g. designed as valves 762, in an embodiment with a correspondingly configured sensor system, i.e. one or more of the above-mentioned sensors 761, in particular in conjunction with a sensor 761 designed as a camera 761, are or can be set or adjusted in the open / closed function in a control loop, for example on the basis of a 2- or 3-point controller. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, valves 762 whose degree of opening or flow can be varied, for example pinch valves 762 with, for example,respective actuators 763, designed in particular as proportional drives 763, are provided, which in conjunction with a sensor 761 detecting the fill level, e.g. a camera 761, enable a controlled feed and thus a constant fill level in the respective feed channel 756.

[0192] The supply channels 756 can be multi-part and interrupted, for example, by the respective adjusting element 762. A channel section 756.1 of the channel 756 located below the adjusting element 762 can also be made of a rigid material, e.g., plastic, glass, or Plexiglas, while a channel section 756.2 located above or upstream of the adjusting element 762 can be flexible, e.g., in the manner of a hose. Downstream of the adjusting element 762, a lateral opening 764 can be provided in the supply channel 756 for aerating and / or venting the interior of the channel. This opening can be located, for example, at the end of a branch pointing at least slightly upwards. Instead of the adjusting element 762 located in the downstream path of the respective channel 756, the latter can also be provided on the inlet side of the channel 756.

[0193] In a further advantageous embodiment of such a powder supply device 700; 700' (see, for example, Fig. 23) in the version that supplies the filling and / or storage chamber 126 in sections, powdery material 004; 004' can be supplied to the or at least several of the feed channels 756 provided next to one another - e.g. directly or possibly at a distance from one another - from at least one supply device 703 individually via a same conveyor device 702 one after the other or via several conveyor devices 702 that can be operated separately and independently of one another. In this case, a conveyor device 702 that can be moved with its output end or outlet along the group of feed channels 756, e.g.in the form of a conveyor belt 702 or a screw conveyor or a linear conveyor system 702, in particular a conveyor belt system 702, with a plurality of coupled linear conveyors 702.1; 702.2, e.g. in the form of a plurality or in particular two conveyor belts 702.1; 702.2, vibratory conveyors or screw conveyors. An example is presented, for example, in connection with Fig. 24 for a subsequent exemplary embodiment using a transversely movable conveyor belt 702 or in particular a conveyor belt system 702. In the form with separate conveyor devices 702, respective linear conveyors 702; 704 can be assigned to the feed channels 756, which can be designed, for example, as conveyor belts 702, as vibratory conveyors 704 or as screw conveyors.

[0194] The output-side outlets of the feed channels 756 also dip into the gusset 108 or filling and / or supply space 126 formed above the roller gap 104; 104' during operation.

[0195] The respective feed channel 756, e.g., as a filler neck 756 or filler shaft 756, can also have any cross-section and / or a cross-sectional profile that varies in height in this embodiment. In the advantageous embodiment shown here, the feed channels 756 are formed by rectangular filler shafts 756, which are formed, e.g., by individual rectangular tubes 756 or, e.g., by rectangular sections of a shaft 766 divided by partition walls 767. A funnel-shaped extension can be provided in an upper part of the feed shaft 766, which facilitates the targeted feeding of the powdered material 004; 004'.

[0196] As in the above embodiment for section-by-section feeding, in an advantageous embodiment, a sensor system with at least one sensor 761 operating and / or sensitive in a wavelength range of electromagnetic waves is provided on one side of the feed channels 756, in particular on a side lying the same and / or laterally to the alignment of the feed channels 756, which sensor is directed from the side onto at least a section of one or more feed channels 756 in order to determine a fill level, wherein the feed channels 756 are transparent or at least translucent on at least the section observed by the sensor 761 in at least the wavelength range relevant for the sensor 761, ie the sensitive or working wavelength range.In this case, a sensor 761 operating in the relevant wavelength range corresponding to the number of feed channels 756 can be provided, or advantageously a sensor 761 jointly assigned to the one or more feed channels 756, which is preferably designed as a camera 761, in particular as a line scan camera 761.

[0197] As soon as the roller gap 104; 104' or the filling and / or storage chamber 126 is filled to the lower end of the tube—e.g., at the start of production—the powdered material 004; 004' is backed up in the respective feed channel 756 because it cannot flow completely—e.g., due to limited flowability and / or friction. The sensors monitor and / or detect the fill level in the feed channels 756 in the manner described above.

[0198] Instead of controlling or regulating the fill level via assigned actuating elements 762, the fill level is controlled or regulated here via the material feed into the individual feed channels 756, in particular via a corresponding control of a traversing drive and / or a conveying rate of the common conveying device 702 or via the conveying rate of the respective separate conveying devices 702. Thus, in the first variant, the sensor system, i.e. the sensor(s) 761, in particular the sensor 761 designed as a camera 761, can be controlled via the control and / or regulating device or an electronic control and / or regulating circuit comprised thereby or a control and / or regulating routine implemented in a data processing device together with a movement which traverses, i.e. in the direction of the width of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' or of the filling and / or supply space 126 (e.g. in Fig.23 indicated by a double arrow) and / or with a drive means determining the conveying rate of the common conveying device 702 form a control circuit which keeps the fill level in the feed channels 756 above a minimum level or target level or within a permitted range. For this purpose, for example, the outlet of the common conveying device 702 is constantly oscillated back and forth across the width of all feed channels 756 lying in the working width and, as required, when a deficient feed channel 756 is passed over, ie one with a fill level below a limit value, a material discharge is effected by correspondingly controlling the drive means relating to the conveying rate. Alternatively, the conveying device 702 can be controlled by controlling the traversion orThe drive means causing transverse movement is moved with its outlet in a targeted manner over a deficient feed channel 756 and a material discharge can be effected by appropriate control of the drive means affecting the feed rate.

[0199] In a further advantageous embodiment of a powder feed device 700; 700', by means of which powdery material 004; 004' can be fed into a filling and / or storage chamber 126 formed in the region of the gusset 108 above the gap 104; 104' between the first roller 102; 102', powdery material 004; 004' can be fed from a dispensing device 701 via an outlet or a downstream end of a conveyor device 702 into the filling and / or storage chamber 126.

[0200] However, the outlet or the downstream end of the conveyor device 702 extends over a width that corresponds to only a part, e.g., less than a quarter, of the width of the filling and / or storage chamber 126 to be supplied (see, e.g., Fig. 24). However, in order to nevertheless be able to supply the filling and / or storage chamber 126 with the powdered material 004; 004' across its width, the conveyor device 702, which is arranged directly upstream of the filling and / or storage chamber 126 and, at least in the region of its downstream end or outlet, is only partially wide compared to the width of the filling and / or storage chamber 126, is movable in both directions, at least with its output-side end or outlet, over a width or partial width of the filling and / or storage chamber 126, which is also referred to here as traversable.

[0201] Although the movement in the direction of the width of the filling and / or storage space 126 can also be provided along an arcuate, otherwise curved or along a straight line inclined against the course of the gap 104; 104', the end or an outlet of the partial width conveyor device 702 is movable along a direction parallel to the course of the roller gap 104; 104' and preferably horizontally, and / or approximately, i.e. on each side with, for example, a maximum deviation of ± 5%, over the entire currently set or existing width of the filling and / or storage space 126.

[0202] The powdered material 004; 004' is supplied to the conveying device 702 from or via, for example, a dosing device 701; 701' controlling the dispensed quantity, e.g., an outlet cooperating with a vibration drive, a controllable conveyor screw or a controllable dispensing valve.

[0203] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the powder feed device 700; 700' comprises a dosing device 701; 70T in the form of a dosing vibrator 701; 701', by means of which a constant and / or, in particular with an accuracy in the dispensing quantity of a maximum of 3%, in particular a maximum of 2% deviation from the target dispensing quantity, controllable flow of powder mixture 004; 004' is fed to the conveying device 702, 702.1, 702.2, which can be operated in particular with a defined and / or predeterminable, in particular variable speed. The conveying device 702, 702.1, 702.2 is preferably designed as a conveyor belt system 702 with at least one first linear conveyor 702.1, in particular conveyor belt 702.1, and at least one further or second, e.g. B. compared to the first linear conveyor 702.1 longer, linear conveyor 702.2, in particular conveyor belt 702.2, to which or which the first linear conveyor 702.1 or conveyor belt 702.1 incoming material 004; 004' can be delivered. The linear conveyor 702 or linear conveyor system 702.1, 702.2 and / or at least its downstream end can be traversed, ie moved back and forth to both sides, by a drive device, in particular a linear drive, over the filling and / or supply chamber 126, in particular axially parallel to the course of the roller gap 104; 104', over a feed width relevant for the powder feed.

[0204] The conveying device 702 is preferably formed as a linear conveying system 702.1, 702.2, in particular a conveyor belt system 702.1, 702.2 with a plurality of, e.g. two, coupled linear conveyors 702.1; 702.2, in particular conveyor belts 702.1; 702.2, which can be operated in particular at a constant and / or predeterminable speed, wherein this is coupled in the region of its downstream end to the drive device which preferably runs in an axially parallel direction at a height above the first gap 104; 104', e.g. a traversing drive, in particular a linear drive 768, 769, 771, and is moved by this, in particular in an axially parallel direction at a defined and / or predeterminable, in particular variable speed, between two lateral end positions determining the feed width above the first gap 104; 104' is movable back and forth. The linear drive 768, 769, 771 includes, for example,a linear guide on or along which a driven carriage 768 runs, a transversely extending and driven belt to which the downstream end is coupled, or in particular a threaded spindle 769, which carries a carriage 768 coupled to an end region of the linear conveyor 702; 702.1; 702.2, e.g., spindle carriage 768. A drive means 771 driving the threaded spindle 769 or a belt is designed, for example, as a motor 771, in particular as a servomotor 771, which can be operated, for example, alternately in clockwise and counterclockwise rotation.

[0205] For the preferred embodiment of a linear conveyor system 702.1, 702.2, in particular conveyor belt system 702.1, 702.2 with several, e.g. two, coupled linear conveyors 702.1; 702.2, in particular conveyor belts 702.1; 702.2, these can in principle be coupled and driven via a common drive means 712. In an advantageous embodiment, however, each linear conveyor 702.1; 702.2 or each conveyor belt 702.1; 702.2 of the linear conveyor system 702.1; 702.2 or conveyor belt system 702.1, 702.2 has its own drive means 712.1, 712.2, e.g. a respective drive motor 712.1; 712.2, in particular servo motor 712.1; 712.2, is provided. The downstream end of the further upstream, e.g., first linear conveyor 702.1, in particular conveyor belt 702.1, of the linear conveyor system 702.1, 702.2, in particular conveyor belt system 702.1, 702.2, is connected to the upstream end of the downstream second or last linear conveyor 702.2, in particular conveyor belt 702.2, are connected in an articulated manner via a coupling 772, e.g., an axle 722, such that they can be pivoted relative to one another about a common axis of rotation, e.g., a vertical axis. The axle 722 or coupling 722 can be supported, for example, via a support 773, e.g., a holder 773 that is fixed to the frame but pivotable about a rotation axis running parallel to the axle 722.

[0206] In the region of the downstream end of the linear conveyor 702 or linear conveyor system 702.1, 702.2 or on the carriage 768, a sensor 713, e.g., a fill level sensor 713, preferably in the form of an ultrasonic sensor 713, is provided or arranged such that it is carried along with the moving end or carriage 768 and is directed from above onto the powdery material 004; 004' present in the filling and / or storage chamber 126 for the purpose of detecting or monitoring the fill level. Alternatively, a sensor system with at least one sensor 761, e.g., in the manner of the lateral sensor 761 described above, can be provided, by which a fill level can be determined continuously or at intervals across the width of the filling and / or storage chamber 126. A spatially resolved result can then be fed to the control and / or regulation device to form a control loop described below.

[0207] A control or regulation of the fill level takes place here, for example, similar to an embodiment described above for section-by-section supply via a material supply at points where the fill level is too low, in particular via a corresponding control of the traversing drive and / or a conveying rate of the partial width conveying device 702, 702.1, 702.2. Thus, in the first variant, the sensor in question 713; 761 together with the control and / or regulating device or an electronic control and / or regulating circuit comprised thereby or a control and / or regulating routine implemented in a data processing device together with the drive means 771 which effects the traversing movement, i.e. in the direction of the width of the roller 102; 102'; 103; 103' or the filling and / or supply space 126, and / or the drive means or a drive which determines the conveying rate of the partial width conveying device 702, 702.1,; 702.2 determining drive means 712; 712.1; 712.2 form a control loop which maintains the fill level in the filling and / or storage chamber 126 across the entire monitored width above a minimum height or at a target height or within a permitted range. For this purpose, for example, the downstream end or an outlet of the partial width conveyor device 702 is continuously oscillated back and forth across the monitored width and, as required, upon passing over a deficient area, i.e. area where the fill level is below a limit value, material is discharged by appropriately controlling the drive means 712; 712.1; 712.2 relating to the conveying rate. In a variant with lateral sensors, an alternative to this can be a corresponding control loop for moving the end or outlet over a section identified as deficient and for material 004; 004' to be specifically supplied there via the partial width conveyor device 702, 702.1, 702.2.

[0208] The powder feed devices 700; 700' in the above-mentioned embodiments are preferably applicable in all of the above-mentioned configurations for the coating device 100; 100*, wherein in the case of the embodiment with simultaneous application on both sides or the embodiment with application units 101; 10T offset on the substrate path, an above-mentioned powder feed device 700; 700' is preferably also provided on the other application unit 10T; 101.

[0209] The above-mentioned embodiments of the powder feed device 700; 700' are also applicable to the feed into application units 101; 102', in which, in addition to the first and second rollers 102; 102; 103; 103', a further, e.g. third, roller is provided downstream of the second roller 103; 103'. The second roller 103; 103' has a gap for transferring the dry film, which takes over the previously formed dry film 003; 003' via a gap with the second roller 103; 103' and, in a further gap with a further roller 103'; 106, releases the dry film 003; 003' to this further roller or to a carrier substrate 006 to be guided through the further gap. In the latter case, the further gap forms the laminating gap 107; 107', which is formed on the other side by a roller 103'; 106 acting as a counter-pressure roller 103'; 106.

[0210] Fundamentally independent of, but particularly advantageous in conjunction with one of the above-mentioned designs, variants, configurations, embodiments, or configurations of the coating device 100; 100* and / or one of the above-mentioned designs or variants for the powder feed device 700; 700* and / or one of the equipment and / or configurations for the machine explained in more detail below, a measuring arrangement 801 or device, shown for example as an example in Fig. 25, is provided for determining the density p of a material layer 003; 003' conveyed on a lateral surface of one of the rollers 103; 103' of the discharge unit 101; 10T. In conjunction with an above-mentioned coating device 100; 100* and / or an above-mentioned powder feed device 700; 700*, such a measuring arrangement 801 would be conceptually supplemented.

[0211] The measuring arrangement 801 or device comprises a or the above-mentioned removal device 114; 114'; 116; 116', which can be or is adjusted to the outer surface of the roller 103; 103' during rotation in order to remove at least a portion of the material layer 003; 003' at a point on the circumference of the roller 103; 103' over at least a portion of a usable working width, e.g. the width of the roller outer surface effective for film formation, of the roller 103; 103'. The removal of at least that portion of the material layer 003; 003' relevant for determining the density p is carried out by the removal device 114; 114'; 116; 116' during the rotation of the roller 103; 103' over an angular range A 9, e.g. also angular interval A 9, between a first and a second angular position < 1; cp2, whereby if more than one rotation is to be completed, the second angular position cp2 is to be taken into account with a value greater than 360° in accordance with the angular difference covered.The part of the material layer 003; 003' relevant for determining the density p can result from the removal during one, more than one, or part of a full rotation. In the following, where the reference to the angular position cp or the angular range A 9 relevant for the removal is not mandatory or a direct reference to the time t is explicitly excluded, a time interval Δt with a first time t1 for the start of the removal at, for example, a first angular position pA and a second time t2 for the end of the removal at, for example, a second angular position p2 is to be understood as synonymous with the reference to an angular range A 9 relevant for the removal.

[0212] In principle, the material layer 003; 003' can be removed or removed for sampling by a removal device 114; 114' extending, for example, across the entire width of the roll shell surface effective for film formation, over a specific length or a specific angular range A 9 . This is particularly the case, for example, in the case of an application device 101; 10T, by which a material layer 003; 003' interrupted by free sections is applied to the carrier substrate 006.

[0213] In an exemplary embodiment mentioned above and advantageous in which, for example, a material layer 003; 003' which is uninterrupted over several or a large number of revolutions of the above-mentioned laminating roller 103; 103' is applied to the carrier substrate 006, a removal device 116; 116' is provided which, for the removal of only a part 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003', in particular a material strip 008; 008' which is formed by an edge strip 008; 008' in the edge region, i.e. an area lying at one end of the material layer 003; 003' viewed in the axial direction, can be or is positioned against the outer surface at a point on the circumference of the roller 103; 103' over only a part of a usable working width. The material strip 008 is cut along a cutting line s running in the circumferential direction and lifted off the lateral surface.The edge strip 008; 008' may be a use of the edge trimming described above to obtain a straight edge.

[0214] The measuring arrangement 801 or device further comprises a weighing device 802, on which a removed, in particular defined and / or detectable, part 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' previously conveyed on the roller 103; 103' can be or is collected. For this purpose, the removed part of the material layer 003; 003', which serves at least to determine the density p, is collected, for example, in a weighing container 803 mounted on a scale 809, e.g., a weighing pan 803, and its mass m is determined therefrom. For example, a dead time can be or is taken into account, which takes into account the path of the removed part of the material layer 003; 003', which serves to determine the density p, from the point of peeling to the weighing device 802.

[0215] In principle, an embodiment is conceivable in which, during operation of the coating device 100; 100*, an edge strip 008; 008' is continuously removed and collected on the weighing device 803 or in the correspondingly dimensioned weighing container 803, wherein the mass m of the part 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' removed over the angular range A< relevant for determining the density p is determined by forming a difference between the mass m registered by the weighing device 802 at time t2 of the end and at time t1 of the start of the determination process.

[0216] In an advantageous embodiment, shown by way of example in Fig. 25, in which, for example, during operation of the coating device 100; 100* an edge strip 008; 008' can also be continuously removed and, if necessary, is or can be picked up by a collecting device 117; 117' and, if necessary, removed via this, a separation device 808 is provided, actuated, for example, by a drive means 818, by means of which - for example over a defined time interval Δt and / or a time interval Δt correlating to the removal in the relevant angular range A<, for example over a dead time - the part or a part 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' of the weighing device 802 provided specifically for this purpose, in particular the weighing container 803. The separation device 808 can be designed as a diverting device 808 in the form of a switch 808 with, for example,by a drive means 818 actuated switch tongue 817 or in the manner of a diverter 808 with a slide 817 or base 817 actuated, for example, by the drive means 818. In a modification with, for example, a material layer 003; 003' interrupted by free sections, for example a number of material layer sections to be used for the determination, an edge region 008 can be separated by such a separation device 808 in the above-mentioned manner, with, for example, other edge regions 008 being received in a collecting device 117; 117' if necessary. The sample material of the removed material layer 003; 003' received on or in the weighing container 803 can, for example, after a determination cycle, be conveyed via a drive means 814, e.g. a tilt drive 814, into a B. larger material receptacle 816, for example a container 816, can be emptied, in particular tilted.

[0217] Furthermore, a measuring device 806 is provided, via which a thickness d, e.g., layer thickness d, of the material layer 003; 003' conveyed on the roller 103; 103' can be determined. As such, to a first approximation, the thickness d003, e.g., layer thickness d003, can in principle be entered anywhere at a location along the width b003; b003' of the material layer 003; 003' and / or at a time of stationary operation of a device comprising the roller, but preferably a thickness d008 or layer thickness d008 of the material layer 003; 003' in the material strip 008; 008' to be removed. Such a measuring device 806 is preferably based on a non-contact measurement and is designed, for example, as an ultrasound-based, inductive, or capacitive measuring device 806 with a corresponding measuring head.

[0218] The determination of the density p is carried out - e.g. in data processing means 811 provided for this purpose and, for example, in a control device 807 controlling the process for determining the density p - e.g. according to: p = m / V = ​​m / (A- d).

[0219] In the simplest case with, for example, a sufficiently straight side edge of the material layer 003; 003' conveyed on the roller 103; 103' and a width 008 of the material strip 008; 008' to be removed or removed, which is known via the axial position of the removal device 116; 116', using information on an angular range A< swept over during the sampling of the part 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' relevant for determining the density p and a radius r of the roller 103; 003', a measure of the area A and, together with the layer thickness, a measure of the volume V of the part 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' relevant for determining the density p and removed can be determined directly. In determining the density p, the known width b008 can be used as width b and, to a good approximation, the radius of the roller 103; 103' in the area of ​​the usable surface area itself can be used as radius r or a - e.g.slightly, for example, by the mean layer thickness d008 - upwardly corrected radius. If the width b is known, the area A for the above relationship is determined, for example, as follows: A = b • 2 r TT • A 5 / 360°.

[0220] In the event, for example, that there is no sufficiently straight side edge of the material layer 003; 003' conveyed on the roller 103; 103' and / or a width b008 of the material strip 008 to be removed is unknown, a sensor system 804, e.g. an optically operating sensor 804, can be provided, by means of which the width b; b008 of the edge strip 008; 008' to be removed or a profile of the width b; b008 or of the side edge can be determined over the angular range A 9 to be considered and, for example, an average width can be determined therefrom, wherein in the latter case the average width acts as the width b in the above relationship.

[0221] In an advantageous alternative for the case of an unknown and / or varying width b008 of the material strip 008, a sensor system 804 with corresponding evaluation means can be provided, by which, with a known position of the cutting line s, taking into account the rotational movement over the angular range A 9 or a corresponding time interval At as well as an above-mentioned radius r, the area A is determined directly, e.g. integrated over the course of the rotational movement.

[0222] The sensor system 804 or the optically operating sensor 804 can be formed, for example, by a camera 804, in particular a line camera 804.

[0223] Information representing the respective current angular position 5 of the roller 103; 103' or the information relating to an angular range A 9 swept over during the sampling of the part 008; 008' of the material layer 003; 003' relevant for determining the density p can be supplied to the data processing means 811, for example, via a signal connection from an angular position sensor 813 which is, for example, directly or indirectly coupled to the roller rotation axis, or via a signal connection from a drive control which directly or indirectly specifies the angular position of the roller 103; 103'.

[0224] The determination of the density p of a material layer 003; 003' conveyed on a lateral surface of an above-mentioned roller 103; 103' is thus carried out in that the roller 103; 103' carrying the material layer 003; 003' on its lateral surface is rotated about its rotation axis R103; R103', at a point on the circumference between a receiving and a downstream discharge of the material layer 003; 003' to another roller 103; 103' or to, for example, an above-mentioned carrier substrate 006, the material layer 003; 003' on the entire or a part 008; 008' of its width b003; b008 during rotation by a removal device 114; 114'; 116; 116' over an angular range is removed from the outer surface, the mass m of the part 008 of the material layer 003; 003' removed over the angular range A^ is determined by weighing, a layer thickness d; d003; d008 of the material layer 003; 003', preferably in the area to be removed, is determined by a measuring device 806 before the removal, an area A of the material layer 003; 003' removed or to be removed in the angular range A^ is determined on the roller in one of the ways mentioned above, for example, and finally a value for the density of the material layer 003; 003' conveyed on the roller 103; 103' is obtained from the area A, the mass m and the layer thickness.

[0225] The determined value for the density p can be displayed, for example, via a display device 812, e.g., a display 812, and / or can be used in a control device controlling the coating device 100; 100*.

[0226] By means of the above-mentioned device for determining the density p or a corresponding method, the density p and thus the quality of the material layer 003; 003' formed, for example, in the above manner as a powder composite film 003; 003' and / or active material layer 003; 003, for example in the manner of a dry film 003; 003', can be checked during production - inline or in a specially provided run - and if necessary, countermeasures can be taken if there is a deviation from a target value or permitted target range. These countermeasures can, for example, be an increase in pressure, e.g. above the above-mentioned line force, or a reduction in the gap width in the above-mentioned roll gap 104; 104' if the density p is too low, or a reduction in pressure, e.g. above the above-mentioned line force, or an increase in the gap width in a roll gap 104; 104' if the density is too high, for example. For example, if the density p is too low, the gap width may be reduced.Instead or in addition to this, a modification of the powder composition and / or a temperature on, for example, one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' involved in the material layer formation and / or a modification of an above-mentioned speed difference between the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' involved in the material layer formation is also possible.

[0227] A machine for producing, in particular in an inline process, a multi-layer product (see e.g. Fig. 3, Fig. 10, Fig. 15 or Fig. 16), which has the above-mentioned dry film 003; 003' formed from a powder mixture on at least one side of a carrier substrate 006, preferably comprises a substrate feed 200, through which the carrier material 006 can be fed to the machine on the input side, a first substrate path section 300, via which the carrier substrate 006 is fed to an application stage 100; 100* for applying the dry film 003; 003' to at least one side of the carrier substrate 006 and a second substrate path section 400, via which the carrier material 006 provided with the dry film 003 on at least one side can be fed to a product holder 500, through which the product can be formed into product containers, e.g. B. can be combined into rolls or stacks.

[0228] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the application stage 100; 100* is designed in one of the above-mentioned designs, embodiments, configurations, embodiments or variants for the device 100; 100* described above. Instead of the application stage 100 shown as an example in Fig. 3, all designs, embodiments, configurations and embodiments of the first group of exemplary embodiments can be used, and instead of the application stage 100* shown as an example in Fig. 10, Fig. 15 or Fig. 16, all of the second group can be used. In the exemplary embodiments of the machine shown in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16, designs, embodiments, configurations, embodiments or variants of the first group can also be used for the application stage 100, i.e. with separate application devices 101; 101.

[0229] In an advantageous embodiment, the substrate feed 200 is formed by a substrate unwinder 200, in particular a roll changer 200, preferably by a roll changer 200 comprising multiple roll positions and / or qualified for non-stop roll changes. It can advantageously comprise a substrate guide element 202 designed as a motor-driven roller 202, in particular a tension roller 202, and / or a substrate guide element 203 in the form of a dancer roller 203, spring-loaded, for example, on a lever transverse to the substrate path. At the substrate unwinder 200, the carrier substrate web 006 is unwound and fed to the substrate path leading through the machine at the unwinding location on the input side.

[0230] In the case of a pull roller 202 included in the substrate unwinder and, for example, structurally assigned to it (see, for example, Fig. 3 or Fig. 10), this can be included in a pull mechanism 207, in particular a feed mechanism 207, which, for example, in addition to the pull roller 202, has a drive means which drives the pull roller 202 - in particular independently of other pull rollers - and whose speed can be regulated and / or controlled, in particular drive motors, e.g. in the form of a servo output motor, and / or pressure rollers which can be placed on the pull roller 202 to increase the friction. The roller 202 or the drive means - depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements present upstream and downstream of the roller 202 - can also be operated or operated in a generator manner or so as to inhibit the advance of the carrier substrate web 006, for example in order to B.to build up or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension in a substrate path section 300 extending up to a next clamping or web pulling point or in a part of the substrate path section 300 formed by a subsequent substrate path section.

[0231] Still structurally associated with the substrate path in the roll unwinder 200, a substrate guide element 208 can be configured in the substrate path as a measuring roller 208, e.g., web tension measuring roller 208 (shown as an example for all embodiments, e.g., in Fig. 16), by means of which, for example, the web tension can be determined in order to use it, for example, to regulate the web tension, e.g., via the conveying speed of individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular, motor-driven, web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502.

[0232] The substrate feed 200 designed as a roll changer 200 advantageously comprises a roll drive that is mechanically independent of the rest of the machine and / or driven by a single motor and / or a lifting device to support a roll loading and / or roll unloading process.

[0233] In an advantageous embodiment, a device for lateral web edge control 204 (shown as an example for all embodiments, e.g., in Fig. 15) can be provided in the substrate path section attributable to the substrate feed 200 and / or in the adjoining first substrate path 300. This device, in particular, comprises a sensor system detecting a web edge and an actuator causing a lateral offset of the carrier substrate, e.g., a pair of turning bars pivotable about an axis extending perpendicular to the transport direction Ts. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the web edge control 204 is combined with a bonding device 206, e.g., a bonding table 206.

[0234] Instead or additionally, in an advantageous embodiment, a spreading device, in particular a single- or multi-element web guide element with a convex outer surface, is provided in the substrate path section of the substrate feed 200 and / or in the first substrate path 300.

[0235] In an advantageous development, a single- or multi-part pretreatment station 302, in particular a cleaning and / or deionization station 302, is provided in the first substrate path 300, by means of which the carrier substrate 006 is or can be freed from surface contaminants, e.g. dust or cutting residues, and / or electrical charge carriers on one or both sides in a contactless or contacting process.

[0236] In the first substrate path 300, in particular downstream of any cleaning step provided, a measuring station 303, in particular with a sound- or radiation-based measuring device 303, is advantageously provided, by means of which the material thickness of the carrier material 006 can be checked for its thickness and / or homogeneity in the thickness and / or for contamination and, for example, in the event of inadmissible deviations from a target specification, an optical and / or acoustic warning signal and / or an error signal is transmitted to a machine control system and / or a control station.

[0237] For all versions of the machine, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guide element 208; 307 can be designed as a measuring roller 307 (shown as an example for all versions, e.g., in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16) in a substrate path section structurally assigned to the roll unwinder 200 and / or in an adjoining substrate path section of the first substrate path 300, by means of which, for example, the web tension can be determined in order to use this, for example, to regulate the web tension, e.g., via the conveying speed of individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular, motor-driven, web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502. In this case, only one of the two measuring rollers 208; 307 or, advantageously, both measuring rollers 208; 307 can be provided, wherein in the latter case, e.g.the downstream measuring roller 307 is used to determine and / or control the substrate path section upstream of the web tension in the first or only application point as described below.

[0238] In an advantageous development, a pretreatment station 304, designed as an application station 304, is provided in the first substrate path 300, for example, through which the carrier material 006 can be coated on one or both sides with a binder and / or a primer. In this case, a dryer (not shown), e.g., a hot air or radiation dryer, can preferably be provided directly downstream of the application station 304.

[0239] Fundamentally independent of, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more of the other design variants of the machine, in an advantageous further development, a thermal pretreatment station 306, in particular a temperature control station 306, e.g., an infrared radiation source 306, is provided in the substrate path immediately before the application stage 100; 100*, i.e., for example, downstream of the last substrate guide element 301; 307 interacting with the carrier substrate web 006, by means of which the carrier material 006 can be heated above ambient temperature, in particular to above 60°C, preferably to at least 80°C. This can, for example, be particularly advantageous for activating a bond-supporting or bond-inducing agent 007; 007' provided or applied to the carrier substrate 006.Fundamentally independent of this, but advantageously in conjunction with such a temperature control station 306, a sensor 311 for determining the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006, e.g., a temperature sensor 311, in particular a contactless and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311, can be provided. The sensor 311, e.g., as a temperature sensor 311, can be part of a control circuit for regulating the temperature of the carrier substrate web 006 with the optionally provided temperature control station 306.

[0240] Instead of a pull roller 202 or a pull mechanism 207 assigned to the substrate unwinder 200, or possibly in addition thereto, a pull roller 308 or a pull mechanism 309 can be provided in the substrate path section 300 adjoining the substrate unwinder 200 and / or leading to the point of the first or only dry film application, i.e. to the first or only laminating nip 107; 107'. In the case of only one pull roller 202; 308 or only one pull mechanism 207; 309 in the substrate path between the unwinding from the roll 201 and the entry into the first or only laminating nip 107; 107', such a pull roller 202; 308 or such a pull mechanism 207; 309 can basically be structurally assigned to the substrate unwinder 200, a substrate path section 300 extending between the substrate unwinder 200, in particular from the unwinder, and the application stage 100; 100*, in particular the first or only application point, or structurally just as well to the application stage 100; 100*.What is important here is that such a pull roller 202; 308 or such a pull mechanism 207; 309 is arranged upstream of the first application point, i.e. the first or only laminating nip 107; 107', in the substrate path, in order to build up or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension, for example in the subsequent substrate path section or in a part of the substrate path section formed by a subsequent substrate path section. The pull mechanism has - in correspondence to the pull mechanism 207 already described above - e.g. in addition to the pull roller 308, a drive means which drives the pull roller 308 - in particular independently of other pull rollers - and whose speed can be regulated and / or controlled, e.g. in the form of a servo output motor, and / or pressure rollers which can be adjusted to the pull roller 308 to increase the friction. The roller 308 orthe drive means - depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements present before and after the roller 308 - can also be operated or operated in a generator-like manner or in a manner that inhibits the advance of the carrier substrate web 006, in order to build up or maintain a specific and / or desired web tension, for example in the subsequent substrate path section extending, for example, to a next clamping or web tensioning point, or in a part of the substrate path section formed by a subsequent substrate path section.

[0241] In an advantageous embodiment, a calendering unit 600 with two calendering rollers 601; 602 forming a calendering gap between them is provided in the second substrate path 400, in particular in the substrate path immediately after the application stage 100; 100*, of which at least one, preferably both, is / are heatable, in particular heatable such that its outer surface can be brought to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C at an ambient temperature of 25°C and / or between which a pressure with a preferably adjustable line force of at least 5.0 kN / cm, advantageously at least 7 kN / cm, preferably a line force between 5 kN / cm and 30 kN / cm can be applied. The product strand 002, coated on at least one side, is passed through the calendering gap for the purpose of further densifying the dry film 003; 003' under application of pressure and / or a temperature higher than the ambient temperature.

[0242] Basically independent of, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more of the other embodiments of the machine, in an advantageous embodiment, a cooling device 402 is provided in the second substrate path 400, in particular in the substrate path downstream of a possibly provided calendering unit 600, by means of which a product strand 002 passed through can be cooled, e.g., by at least 20°C, in particular by at least 50°C.

[0243] Fundamentally independent of, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more of the other design variants of the machine, in an advantageous further development, an inspection device 403; 403.1; 403.2, in particular based on an optical and / or acoustic measurement, is provided in the second substrate path 400, e.g. with a sensor 403.1 directed towards one side and a sensor 403.2 directed towards the other side, by means of which the product surface can be checked for defects, e.g. for completeness in the area and / or thickness of the applied dry film 003; 003'. The inspection device 403; 403.1; 403.2 can - as shown, for example, in Fig. 15 - be located in the substrate path downstream of the calendering unit 600 or - as shown, for example, in Fig. 16 - be located in the substrate path downstream of the application stage 100; 100', however, should be provided upstream of the calendering unit 600.In the first case, defects caused by calendering can be detected, while in the second case, any defects caused in the application stage 100; 100' can be detected as early as possible. Fundamentally independent of, but also advantageously together with other design variants of the machine, but in particular in conjunction with an inspection device 403; 403.1; 403.2 provided on the substrate path, an advantageous further development provides a device for defect marking 412, which can be formed, for example, by a printing device, e.g., an inkjet print head, or an insertion device, the latter being able, for example, to apply a physical marking agent, e.g., a so-called marking flag, to the carrier substrate web 006.

[0244] For all versions of the machine, in an advantageous embodiment, at least one substrate guide element 409 in the second substrate path 400 can be designed as a measuring roller 409, by means of which, for example, the web tension can be determined in order to use it, for example, to regulate the web tension, e.g., via the relative conveying speed of individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular, motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502. Preferably, at least one substrate guide element 409 is designed as a measuring roller 409 in the substrate path section of the second substrate path section 400 downstream of the application stage 100; 100*, in particular the location of the last or only application, and upstream of the calendering unit 600, in particular the location of the calendering, at least in the substrate path section of the second substrate path section 400, but particularly preferably both in the aforementioned section and in the substrate path section downstream of the calendering unit 600.

[0245] Instead or in addition to this, a substrate guide element 507 structurally associated with the product winder 500 can be designed as a measuring roller 507 arranged downstream of the calendering unit 600 in the substrate path.

[0246] In order to ensure optimal substrate flow through the application stage 100; 100*, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guide element 401 designed as a motor-driven pull roller 401 is provided in the second substrate path 400, preferably immediately behind the application stage 100; 100*, but upstream of any calendering unit 600 provided. This can be comprised of a pull mechanism 411, which, for example, in addition to the pull roller 401, has a drive means, e.g., in the form of a servo drive motor, that drives the pull roller 401—in particular independently of other pull rollers—and whose speed is adjustable and / or controllable, and / or pressure rollers that can be engaged with the pull roller 401 to increase friction. In this case, the roller 401 or the drive means - depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements present before and after the roller 401 - can in principle also be operated in a generator-like manner orbe operable or operated to inhibit the advance of the carrier substrate web 006, but here is motorized to build up and / or maintain a web tension on the upstream substrate path section, ie conveying the carrier substrate web 006 in the transport direction Ts or operated or operable with an advance compared to, for example, the speed at an upstream next pull roller 202; 301 and / or the peripheral speed of the last or only laminating roller 107; 107' or the pair of laminating rollers 107; 107'.

[0247] Alternatively or additionally, in a preferred embodiment, a web tension compensation and / or control device 406 (e.g., shown in Fig. 15 as an example for all embodiments), with, for example, a dancer roller 407, is provided in the second substrate path 400 between the application stage 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600, by means of which, for example, fluctuations in the web tension can be compensated and / or the conveying speed of an upstream or downstream unit 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, in particular motor-driven, web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502 can be controlled.

[0248] For all designs and variants of the machine mentioned here, an embodiment is particularly advantageous in which a measuring station 408 for determining the product strand thickness, in particular the total thickness, is provided between the single or last calendering unit 600; 600 and the gathering into the product bundle 501 in the product holder (e.g. shown as an example in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 for all designs).

[0249] Instead of or in addition to the above-mentioned cooling device 402 in the second substrate path section 400, such a cooling device or a further cooling device 402; 504 can also be provided in the substrate path section associated with the product holder 500 or on its frame. Such a cooling device 504 can be formed, for example, by a substrate guide element 504 designed as a cooling roller 504. Alternatively, such a cooling device 504—associated with the second substrate path section 400 or structurally associated with the product holder 500—can also be formed by a plurality of successively partially wrapped, temperature-controlled cooling rollers 504.1; 504.2.

[0250] In a further development, a sensor 508 for determining the temperature of the product 002, in particular of the product strand 002, can be arranged in the substrate path downstream of the calendering unit 600, which may be provided, for example downstream of the cooling device 504, which may be provided, but at the latest before the delivery, for example before winding in the product winder 500. The sensor 508, for example as a temperature sensor 508, is in particular designed as a contactless and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311, and / or can be part of a control circuit for controlling the temperature with the cooling device 504, which may be provided.

[0251] In an advantageous embodiment, the product holder 500 is designed as a product winder 500, in particular in the form of a roll changer 500.

[0252] The product winder 500 is preferably qualified for a non-stop roll change and / or comprises an above-mentioned substrate guide element 502 designed as a motor-driven pull roller 502 and / or a substrate guide element 503 in the form of a dancer roller 503 spring-loaded on a lever transversely to the substrate path. In order to ensure optimal substrate travel between the optionally provided calendering unit 600 and the winding on the product winder 500, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guide element 502 designed as a motor-driven pull roller 502 can be provided in the second substrate path 400 or in a substrate path section attributable to the product winder 500, preferably as the last substrate guide element 502 before the winding.This can be comprised of a traction mechanism 506, which, for example, in addition to the traction roller 502, has a drive means that drives the traction roller 502 - in particular independently of other traction rollers - and whose speed can be regulated and / or controlled, e.g. in the form of a servo output motor, and / or pressure rollers that can be adjusted to the traction roller 502 to increase the friction.

[0253] In an embodiment of a machine comprising a calendering unit 600 which is particularly advantageous for stable and trouble-free inline continuous operation, at least one positively driven pull roller 202; 308; is provided both in a first substrate path section located between the point of unwinding from the substrate roll 201 in the substrate unwinder 200 and the entry into the single or first laminating nip 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100*, and in a second substrate path section located between the point of exit of the carrier substrate web, which is then provided at least on one side with the dry film 003; 003', from the single or downstream last laminating nip 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100* and the entry into the calendering nip between the two calendering rollers 601; 602. 401 and at least one measuring roller 208; 307; 409 are provided for determining a web tension.In an advantageous development, a positively driven pull roller 502 and / or a measuring roller 409; 507 for determining a web tension is also provided in a third substrate path section located between the point of exit of the carrier substrate web 006, which is provided at least on one side with the dry film 003; 003', from the calendering nip and the point of winding onto the product roll 501 in the product winder 500. Preferably, a web tension control device (not shown here) is provided, which is connected on the input side to the measuring roller 208; 307; 409 provided in the first and the second substrate path section mentioned above, and on the output side to a drive control controlling the roller drives of the measuring roller 208; 307; 409 provided in the first and the second substrate path section mentioned above.Substrate path section provided pull roller 202; 308; 401, and which in particular has data processing and / or electronic switching means which are designed to establish and / or maintain a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference for the two substrate path sections by appropriately controlling the drive control of the drive of one or more of the pull rollers 202; 308; 401 in each of the two substrate path sections. In a further development, the web tension control device can additionally be connected on the input side to the measuring roller 409; 507 provided in the third above-mentioned substrate path section and on the output side to a drive control of the respective pull roller 502 controlling the drive of the pull roller 502 provided in the third above-mentioned substrate path section and, for example,also be controllable by these with respect to a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference to the upstream substrate path section.

[0254] For a version of the machine without a calendering unit downstream of the application stage 100; 100*, the above-mentioned information regarding the signal connections and the setting up of the web tension control device is to be transferred to one measuring roller and one tension roller 208; 307; 409; 507; 202; 308; 401; 502 in the first substrate path section between the unwinding and the point of the first application by the application stage 100; 100* and in a substrate path section between leaving the only or last point of the dry film application by the application stage 100; 100* and the winding in the roll winder 500. As an alternative to the design of the machine with a product holder 500 designed as a roll winder 500, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, a cross-cutting device can be provided in the second substrate path 400 or at the entrance to the product holder 500, by means of which a product strand 002 produced in the machine can already be cut crosswise into product sections 001.The product holder 500 is designed, for example, as a stacking delivery device, in particular as a multiple stacking delivery device that delivers several stacks one after the other.

[0255] In a machine and / or device 100; 100* described above, for example, a web-shaped carrier substrate 006 is continuously and preferably provided on both sides with a dry film 003; 003' having a width smaller than the carrier substrate width, so that an uncoated edge of the carrier substrate remains on both sides.

[0256] List of reference symbols

[0257] 001 product, end product, product section, electrode unit, electrode

[0258] 002 Product, intermediate product, product strand, electrode strand

[0259] 003 Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free)

[0260] 003' Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free)

[0261] 004 Material, powdery, powder mixture (especially dry)

[0262] 004' Material, powdery, powder mixture (especially dry)

[0263] 005 -

[0264] 006 Carrier substrate, carrier substrate web, current collector substrate, current collector foil, web-shaped

[0265] 007 Bonding agent, primer, binder, adhesive 007' Bonding agent, primer, binder, adhesive 008 Part, material strip, edge strip

[0266] 100 Coating device, coating device, application stage, aggregate, laminating aggregate, laminating unit

[0267] 100* Coating device, coating device, application stage, aggregate, laminating aggregate, laminating unit

[0268] 101 Commissioned work, first

[0269] 10T applicator, second

[0270] 102 Roller, first, dosing roller

[0271] 102' roller, first, metering roller

[0272] 103 Roller, second, laminating roller, counterpressure roller

[0273] 103' Roller, second, laminating roller, counterpressure roller

[0274] 104 gap, first, film forming gap, metering gap, roll gap, nip

[0275] 104' Gap, first, film forming nip, metering nip, roller nip, nip - roller, counterpressure roller ' Roller, counterpressure roller Gap, second, application nip, laminating nip ' Gap, second, application nip, laminating nip Gusset, space Actuator, position-based ' Actuator, position-based - Actuator, force-based ' Actuator, force-based Adjusting mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing' Adjusting mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing Adjusting mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing' Adjusting mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing Removal device, doctor blade, cleaning doctor blade' Removal device, doctor blade, cleaning doctor blade - Removal device, doctor blade, side edge doctor blade' Removal device, doctor blade, side edge doctor blade Collecting device, collecting tray ' Collecting device, collecting tray Roller, further, calender roller ' Roller, further, calender roller - - Substrate guide element, guide roller, deflection roller Carrier, side parts (base frame) ' Carrier, side parts (base frame) Suction ' Suction

[0276] boundary, side sign

[0277] Filling and / or storage room

[0278] Material acceptance ' Material acceptance

[0279] Frame (order level)

[0280] Removal device, squeegee, cleaning squeegee

[0281] Substrate feed, substrate unwinder, roll changer

[0282] roll, substrate roll

[0283] Substrate guide element, roller, pull roller, positively driven

[0284] Substrate guide element, dancer roller

[0285] Web edge control

[0286] Gluing device, gluing table

[0287] traction mechanism, infeed mechanism

[0288] Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0289] Substrate path section, conveyor section, first, upstream, feed side

[0290] Substrate guide element, roller, guide roller, deflection roller

[0291] Pretreatment station, cleaning station, deionization station

[0292] Measuring station (carrier substrate thickness)

[0293] Pretreatment station, application station

[0294] Pretreatment station, thermal, tempering station, infrared radiation source

[0295] Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0296] Substrate guide element, roller, pull roller, positively driven pull mechanism

[0297] Sensor, temperature sensor

[0298] Substrate path section, conveyor section, second, downstream, discharge side

[0299] Substrate guide element, roller, pull roller, positively driven

[0300] Cooling device * Cooling device (alternative or additional)

[0301] Inspection facility

[0302] Substrate guide element, roller, guide roller, deflection roller

[0303] Web tension compensation and / or control device

[0304] Dancer roller

[0305] Measuring station (product strand thickness)

[0306] Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0307] traction mechanism

[0308] Defect marking

[0309] Product intake, product winder, roll changer

[0310] Product container, roll, product roll

[0311] Substrate guide element, pull roller, positively driven

[0312] Dancer roller

[0313] Cooling device, substrate guide element, roller, cooling roller .1 Cooling roller .2 Cooling roller

[0314] traction mechanism

[0315] Substrate guide element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller sensor, temperature sensor

[0316] Calendering unit, unit, calendering unit * Calendering unit (alternative or additional), unit, calendering unit

[0317] Roll, calender roll, first, heated * Roll, calender roll, first (alternatively or additionally)

[0318] Roll, calender roll, second, heated * Roll, calender roll, second (alternatively or additionally)

[0319] Frame (calendering unit)

[0320] Device for feeding powdered material, powder feeding device' Device for feeding powdered material, powder feeding device

[0321] Dispensing device, dosing device, dosing device with vibration drive, dosing shaker

[0322] Conveyor system, linear conveyor, linear conveyor system, conveyor belt, conveyor belt system .1 Linear conveyor, first, conveyor belt, first .2 Linear conveyor, second, conveyor belt, second

[0323] Provisioning device, supply line, storage container, storage hopper

[0324] Dosing device, linear conveyor, vibrating conveyor

[0325] Roller, deflection roller, drive roller

[0326] Vibration table

[0327] Drive means, drive device, vibration drive, shaking drive removal device, removal doctor blade

[0328] drive means, drive motor

[0329] Insertion aid, funnel tray

[0330] Drive means, drive motor, servo motor .1 Drive means, drive motor, servo motor Drive means, drive motor, servo motor

[0331] Sensor, level sensor, ultrasonic sensor

[0332] Sensor, level sensor, layer level sensor

[0333] drive means, actuator

[0334] Limitation, lateral, lateral guidance

[0335] Limitation, lateral, lateral guidance

[0336] drive means, actuator

[0337] Dosing device, adjusting mechanism

[0338] Drive means, servo motor

[0339] Drive means, servo motor

[0340] Control element, flap, slide

[0341] Actuator, flap segment, slide segment, actuator segment

[0342] Control and / or regulating device

[0343] Sensors, powder flow sensors, light barriers, light grids

[0344] radiation source, light source

[0345] radiation source, light source, extended, light bar

[0346] Sensor, radiation receiver, photodiode, phototransistor

[0347] sensor, radiation receiver, extended, radiation receiver segments,

[0348] Radiation detector array, photodiode array, line scan camera

[0349] Circuit elements, dead time element

[0350] Sensor technology, powder flow sensor technology

[0351] Sensor technology, powder flow sensor technology

[0352] Impact element, impact plate, deflection plate

[0353] Impact element, impact plate, deflection plate

[0354] Sensor, force transducer Sensor, force transducer, extended, force transducer array

[0355] Distribution device

[0356] T raverse

[0357] Distribution tool, distribution finger

[0358] depression, groove

[0359] Propulsion system

[0360] Container, vibrating tank

[0361] opening

[0362] Floor

[0363] Level sensor, sensor

[0364] Feed channel, filler neck, filler shaft, pipe

[0365] Canal section

[0366] Canal section

[0367] Outlet

[0368] Guide, longitudinal board

[0369] Level sensor

[0370] Sensor, camera, line scan camera

[0371] Control element, valve, ball or flat slide valve, pinch valve

[0372] Actuator, proportional drive

[0373] opening

[0374] shaft

[0375] partition

[0376] Slide, spindle slide 769 threaded spindle

[0377] 770

[0378] 771 Drive means, motor, servo motor (reversible)

[0379] 772 coupling, axle

[0380] 773 support, bracket

[0381] 801 Measuring arrangement for determining a density

[0382] 802 Weighing device, scale

[0383] 803 Weighing container, weighing pan

[0384] 804 Sensor technology, sensor, optical, camera, line scan camera

[0385] 805

[0386] 806 Measuring device, ultrasonic-based, inductive, capacitive

[0387] 807 Control device

[0388] 808 Separation device, diverter, switch, diverter

[0389] 809 Libra

[0390] 810

[0391] 811 Data processing equipment

[0392] 812 display device

[0393] 813 Angular position sensor

[0394] 814 Drive means, tilt drive

[0395] 815

[0396] 816 Material intake, container

[0397] 817 Switch tongue, slider, floor

[0398] 818 Drive means, cylinder-piston system b Width d Thickness, layer thickness b003 Width (003; 003') b006 Width (006) b008 Width (008) d003 Thickness, layer thickness (003) d003' Thickness, layer thickness (003') d006 Thickness (006) d008 Thickness, layer thickness (008)

[0399] F Measured quantity, force

[0400] Fx measured quantity, force

[0401] I Measured quantity, radiation intensity lx Measured quantity, radiation intensity

[0402] 95 Angular position p Density r Radius m Mass

[0403] R12 control loop

[0404] R14 control loop

[0405] R15 control loop

[0406] R17 control loop

[0407] R34 control loop

[0408] R35 control loop

[0409] R37 control loop

[0410] R82 control loop

[0411] R85 control loop

[0412] 51 Signal connection, sensor signal

[0413] 52 Signal connection, control signal 53 Signal connection, sensor signal

[0414] 54 Signal connection, control signal

[0415] 55 Signal connection, control signal

[0416] 56 Signal connection, control signal

[0417] 57 Signal connection, control signal

[0418] 58 Signal connection, sensor signal s intersection line t time t1 time, first t2 time, second

[0419] Ts T ransport direction (carrier substrate 006)

[0420] TP conveying direction (powdery material 004)

[0421] V Machine speed representing quantity

Claims

Claims 1. Application unit (101; 101') with a powder feed device (700; 700') for feeding a powdery material (004; 004'), wherein the application unit (101; 101') comprises a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103; 103') forming a roller gap (104; 104') with the first roller (102; 102'), wherein in the region of the gusset (108) formed above the gap (104; 104') between the lateral surfaces of the first and the second roller (102; 102'; 103, 103'), a filling and / or storage space (126) is formed and / or provided, in which, via a dispensing device comprised by the powder feed device (700; 700'), (701) powdered material (004;004'), wherein the dispensing device (701) has a container (751) with a bottom (753) that can be set into vibration by a vibration drive (707), wherein an opening (752) provided in the bottom (753) of the container (751) is connected on the outlet side to a feed channel (756), via which the powdery material (004; 004') can be dispensed from the container (751) into the filling and / or storage space (126) located therebelow, characterized in that the feed channel (756) is provided on the outlet side with an outlet into the filling and / or storage space formed above the roller gap (104, 104') in the gusset (108) between the lateral surfaces of the first roller (102; 102') and the second roller (103; 103'). template room (126) immersed.; 2. Applicator according to claim 1, characterized in that a fill level sensor (754) is provided above the base (753) having the opening (752).

3. Applicator according to claim 2, characterized in that a fill level in the container (751) can be monitored by the fill level sensor (754).

4. Applicator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the fill level sensor (754) is arranged above the opening (752) and / or that the fill level in the container (751) and / or in or above the feed channel (756) can be monitored by the fill level sensor (754).

5. Applicator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the fill level sensor (754) is arranged in such a way that it can monitor a fill level in the container (751) in an area spaced from the opening (752) by at most 20 mm and / or in an area upstream of the inlet into the opening (752).

6. Applicator according to claim 2, 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that the fill level sensor (754) is designed as a sensor (754) by which the fill level can be monitored over a continuous range and / or regulated to a specific level.

7. Applicator according to claim 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that the fill level sensor (754) is designed as a sensor (754) operating according to a contactless measuring principle and / or on the basis of sound waves and / or on the basis of electromagnetic waves.

8. Applicator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that an opening (752) extending over the feed width and a subsequent feed channel (756) extending over the feed width are provided in the base (753), wherein the feed width is preferably adjustable with a maximum deviation of ± 10% of a feed width of the filling and / or feed space (123) which is limited in width on both sides and formed above the roller gap (104; 104').

9. Applicator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that, viewed in the direction of the roller gap (104; 104'), a plurality of openings (752) and associated feed channels (756) are provided next to one another.

10. Applicator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, characterized in that the container (751) is designed in the manner of a vibrating trough (751) and / or with a circumferential wall.

11. Applicator according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that a supply container (703) with an outlet (757) is provided, via which the container (751) to be set into vibration is or can be supplied with powdery material (004; 004').

12. Applicator according to claim 11, characterized in that the outlet (757) of the supply container (703) is provided in or above the container (751) to be set into vibration and at a height above its bottom (753).

13. Applicator according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the outlet (757) of the storage container (703) is arranged at a distance from the opening (752) or plurality of openings (752) when viewed in the horizontal direction.

14. Applicator according to claim 11, 12 or 13, characterized in that a drive mechanism is provided by which the storage container (703) and / or the outlet (757) encompassed by the storage container (703) can be varied in distance from the bottom (753) of the vibrating trough (751).

15. Applicator according to claim 11, 12, 13 or 14, characterized in that the container (751) is designed as a vibrating trough (751) with a circumferential wall which has a height of more than 10 mm, and that the outlet (757) of the storage container (703) is located at such a height above the bottom (753) that material (004; 004') can exit into the vibrating trough, but the outlet (757) is below the level of the maximum possible filling height determined by the wall of the vibrating trough.

16. Coating device (100; 100*) for coating a carrier substrate (006) with a dry film (003; 003') having at least one applicator (101), by means of which powdered material (004; 004') can first be processed into a dry film (003) by applying a pressing force, and subsequently this dry film (003; 003') can be applied to a first side of the carrier substrate (006), in particular by pressing and / or applying a pressing force, as a powder composite film (003; 003'), characterized by the design of the applicator (101; 10T) according to one of claims 1 to 15.

17. Coating device according to claim 16, characterized in that the second roller (003; 003') or a roller (003; 003') which cooperates directly with the second roller (003; 003') or indirectly via one or more further rollers and acts as a laminating roller (003; 003') forms a second roller gap (107; 107') in the nip between its outer surface and the outer surface of a roller (106; 103') acting as a counter-pressure roller (106; 103'), through which the carrier substrate (006) can be guided and can be subjected to the dry film (003; 003') formed via the first roller gap (104; 104').

18. Coating device according to claim 17, characterized by a second application unit (10T; 101) in the embodiment according to one of claims 1 to 15, into which powdery material (004'; 004) can be introduced via a further powder feed device (700'; 700), can be processed therein to form a second dry film (003'; 003) and subsequently this second dry film (003'; 003) can be applied to the other, second side of the carrier substrate (006), and that in the second application unit (10T; 101) a first roller (102; 102') and a second roller (103; 103') are also provided such that the second rollers (103; 103') of the two application units (101; 10T) together form the second roller gap (107; 107'), through which the carrier substrate (006) can be guided and at the same time can be acted upon on both sides with the dry film (003; 003') formed via the respective first gap (104; 104').

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